The document discusses the importance of abstracts in research papers, defining them as concise summaries that allow readers to quickly understand the essence of the studies. It outlines various types and forms of abstracts, along with considerations for their composition, emphasizing clarity, brevity, and self-containment. The need for an abstract is highlighted in terms of communication, evaluation, and aiding researchers in reviewing pertinent studies.

1. ABSTRACTING
PRESENTED BY,
ANIT JOJI GEORGE
IIIrd SEM M. PHARM
DEPT. OF PHARMACEUTICS
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2. ABSTRACT
• Abbreviated and accurate representation of the significant substance
of a documentary unit.
• Included at the beginning of the paper.
• A concise title and clear abstract together enable the reader to
understand readily the studies proposed and served to attract
attention.
• Length of the abstract and its format is governed by the policy of
publication to which paper is submitted.
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3. RESEARCH ABSTRACT
• Communicate research findings and contributions to
the works of field studied.
• Preparation of abstract is done after completing the
research thesis or report.
• Two forms:
i. Abstarct provided in the main body of the research
report in the form of last chapter of thesis
ii. Prepared separately in booklet form
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4. TYPES OF ABSTRACT
• Indicative (Discloses what significant
information can be found on paper)
• Informative (provides quantitative and
qualitative information)
• Critical (expresses views on quality of work)
According to
information
content
• Author prepared
• Subject expert prepared
• Professional abstractor prepared
According to
author of
abstract
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5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY &
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• Discipline oriented (written for a specific area of
knowledge/discipline)
• Mission oriented (written based on required
information)
• Slanted abstract (highlights on a specific portion of
entire content)
According
to purpose
• Statistical/tabular abstract (summary
represented in tabular form)
• Modular abstract (full content written in 5
parts: citation, annotation, indicative abstract,
informative abstarct, critical abstract)
• Structured abstract (Includes subtitles like
objectives, materials, methods, results,
conclusion; less than 250 words)
• Telegraphic abstract (presented in
incomplete sentences, resembling a
telegram)
According
to form

6. COMPOSITION OF ABSTRACT
Concise statement of research problem
Purpose of study or investigation
Basic procedures
Sufficient methodological information
Main findings (specific data and statistical significance)
Principal conclusions
New and important aspect of study
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7. CONSIDERATIONS IN ABSTRACT
WRITING
1. Should be a miniature version of the paper, provide brief
summary of each section of paper.
2. Avoidance of abbreviation and acronyms
3. Minimization of words without disregard for grammar and
syntax
4. Avoidance of reference to data or methods not reported in
the paper
5. Should be written in past tense
6. Should be self-contained, able to stand alone without need
to consult full text.
7. Should not include references
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8. NEED OF AN ABSTRACT
• Communication: research reports are voluminous, and hence
theses requires time and energy to go through them. An
abstract provides awareness of a research work at a glance.
• Evaluation: experts/examiners make use of abstract in
evaluating research thesis. Helps in review the aspects
whenever they require further clarifications.
• Review: used by other researchers of the field to review
studies conducted in this area.
• Financial assistance: research organizations, universities and
institutes can register research abstracts for financial
assistance.
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9. GOOD ABSTRACT
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• Simple and clear language
• Economical device to communicate contributions of research
work
• Avoid repetition of research studies
• Brings name of researcher in the field through significant
contributions
• Helps to review similar studies without the loss of energy and
time
• Provides basis for preparing research papers
• Help surmount language barrier
• Aid in preparing bibliographies

10. Yogesh Kumar, Singh. "Fundamentals of Research
Methodology and Statistics." (2019).
World Health Organization. A practical guide for
health researchers. 2004.
https://www.slideshare.net/sheilawebber/abstracting
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REFERENCES

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