Nir Hus MD, PhD., Absite review q11
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Slides with topics that are covered and were tested in the recent Absite exams. Nir Hus MD., PhD. http://www.nirhus.com
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Absite Review Questions and Topics, Nir Hus MD., PhD.
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Slides with topics that are covered and were tested in the recent Absite exams.
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http://www.nirhus.com
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Is there a role for internal iliac artery ligation in post cesarean uterine a...
A pseudoaneurysm is a blood-filled cavity communicating with the arterial lumen owing to deficiency in one or more layers of the arterial wall. Development of pseudoaneurysms is a complication of vascular injury resulting from inflammation, trauma, or iatrogenic causes such as surgical procedures, percutaneous biopsy, or drainage. Pseudoaneurysm of the uterine artery is a rare but serious complication of gynecologic surgery that may be unnoticed in the early post-operative period. Without precise ultrasonographic and radiologic diagnosis before the manifestation of symptoms associated with hemorrhage, these pseudoaneurysms are prone to unpredictable rupture, resulting in exsanguination with high morbidity and mortality rates.
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This document discusses ultrasonography of pelvic masses in the first trimester of pregnancy. It begins by outlining the clinical implications of performing ultrasounds in the first trimester, which allow visualization of pelvic anatomy before the expanding uterus obscures structures. It then discusses the incidence of detecting pelvic masses and different ultrasound techniques that can be used. The main causes of pelvic masses are then outlined as being uterine, such as fibroids, or adnexal/ovarian masses. Characteristics, ultrasound appearance, management, and complications of different mass types like corpus luteum cysts are described in detail.
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Dr. Kelsey Lena is an Emergency Medicine Resident and Drs. Michael Avery and Joshua Davis are Surgery Residents at Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, NC. They are interested in medical education. With the guidance of Drs. Kyle Cunningham and Michael Gibbs, they aim to help augment our understanding of emergent abdominal imaging. Follow along with the EMGuideWire.com team as they post these monthly educational, self-guided radiology slides.
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Slides with topics that are covered and were tested in the recent Absite exams.
Nir Hus MD., PhD.
http://www.nirhus.com
Oncologcial Emergencies by Prof Ahmed Badheeb 2014 part 1
1) Oncologic emergencies can involve several body systems and include conditions like pericardial tamponade, superior vena cava syndrome, increased intracranial pressure, spinal cord compression, tumor lysis syndrome, sepsis, and symptomatic complications from the cancer or its treatment.
2) The case documents presented examples of patients presenting with pericardial tamponade, superior vena cava syndrome, increased intracranial pressure from brain metastases, and spinal cord compression from a plasmacytoma.
3) For each emergency, the document discussed diagnostic tests, treatment approaches like steroids, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and emphasized the importance of rapid diagnosis and management
Is there a role for internal iliac artery ligation in post cesarean uterine a...
A pseudoaneurysm is a blood-filled cavity communicating with the arterial lumen owing to deficiency in one or more layers of the arterial wall. Development of pseudoaneurysms is a complication of vascular injury resulting from inflammation, trauma, or iatrogenic causes such as surgical procedures, percutaneous biopsy, or drainage. Pseudoaneurysm of the uterine artery is a rare but serious complication of gynecologic surgery that may be unnoticed in the early post-operative period. Without precise ultrasonographic and radiologic diagnosis before the manifestation of symptoms associated with hemorrhage, these pseudoaneurysms are prone to unpredictable rupture, resulting in exsanguination with high morbidity and mortality rates.
Ultrasonography of pelvic mass in early pregnancy
This document discusses ultrasonography of pelvic masses in the first trimester of pregnancy. It begins by outlining the clinical implications of performing ultrasounds in the first trimester, which allow visualization of pelvic anatomy before the expanding uterus obscures structures. It then discusses the incidence of detecting pelvic masses and different ultrasound techniques that can be used. The main causes of pelvic masses are then outlined as being uterine, such as fibroids, or adnexal/ovarian masses. Characteristics, ultrasound appearance, management, and complications of different mass types like corpus luteum cysts are described in detail.
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Incarcerated inguinal hernia
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Recent trends in the mnagement of fibriod
This document discusses recent advances in fibroid management. It summarizes that fibroids are benign tumors arising from the uterus that can be single or multiple. Recent research shows specific genetic mutations are associated with fibroids. Treatment options discussed include medical management using drugs like NSAIDs, IUDs, and danazol, as well as surgical options like myomectomy, hysterectomy, and newer minimally invasive procedures like uterine artery embolization and radiofrequency ablation.
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Adnexal mass during Caesarean section
The document discusses adnexal masses discovered during Cesarean section. It notes that the incidence of discovering adnexal masses during C-sections has increased to around 0.49-1.64% as C-section rates have risen. Around half of masses are diagnosed incidentally during C-section. Common types of masses include follicular cysts, endometriomas, dermoids and paraovarian cysts. Management depends on size and appearance - smaller cystic masses may be observed while larger or suspicious masses should be removed to prevent complications. Removal during C-section can be done safely without increased risks when needed.
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- Indications for adrenalectomy including functional tumors and malignancy risk based on size.
- Various surgical approaches including open, laparoscopic, robotic, and newer minimally invasive techniques.
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AboubakrElnashar
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2) Specific trauma situations are examined like the elderly, pregnant patients, pediatrics, and special injuries involving the brain, chest, abdomen, and long bones. Management approaches are tailored to each group's unique needs.
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This document provides a series of case studies involving patients presenting with surgical emergencies and questions to test the reader's knowledge. It begins with 85-year-old Dorothy presenting with abdominal pain and distension who is found to have a tension pneumothorax on chest imaging. Subsequent cases include a 23-year-old with abdominal pain following laparoscopy, a 77-year-old with bowel obstruction, a 55-year-old with pancreatitis, and a 67-year-old with renal colic who deteriorates concerning for ruptured AAA. Throughout the cases, questions are provided to assess ABCs, appropriate investigations, diagnoses, and management of these acute surgical presentations. Key learning points are provided at the
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Dr. Brian Shreve is an Emergency Medicine Resident and Dr. Isolina Rossi is a Surgery Resident at Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, NC. They are interested in medical education. With the guidance of Drs. Kyle Cunningham and Michael Gibbs, they aim to help augment our understanding of emergent abdominal imaging. Follow along with the EMGuideWire.com team as they post these monthly educational, self-guided radiology slides on:
• Splenic Laceration
• Necrotizing Pancreatitis
• Hepatic Abscess
Drs. Milam and Thomas's CMC X-Ray Mastery Project: March Cases
Drs. Claire Milam and Alyssa Thomas are Emergency Medicine Residents and interested in medical education. With the guidance of Dr. Michael Gibbs, a notable Professor of Emergency Medicine, they aim to help augment our understanding of emergent imaging. Follow along with the EMGuideWire.com team as they post these monthly educational, self-guided radiology slides on:
• Esophageal Impaction
• Obstructive Lung Mass
• Descending Aortic Aneursym
• Pleural Effusion
• Dextrocardia and Situs Inversus
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• Malignant Pleural Effusion
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The document discusses adnexal masses discovered during Cesarean section. It notes that the incidence of discovering adnexal masses during C-sections has increased to around 0.49-1.64% as C-section rates have risen. Around half of masses are diagnosed incidentally during C-section. Common types of masses include follicular cysts, endometriomas, dermoids and paraovarian cysts. Management depends on size and appearance - smaller cystic masses may be observed while larger or suspicious masses should be removed to prevent complications. Removal during C-section can be done safely without increased risks when needed.
Surgery of the adrenals
This document outlines the history, surgical anatomy, approaches, techniques, and complications of adrenal gland surgery. It discusses:
- The history of open adrenalectomy dating back to the late 1800s and early adoption of laparoscopic approaches in the 1990s.
- Surgical anatomy of the right and left adrenal veins which can vary and need to be carefully managed.
- Indications for adrenalectomy including functional tumors and malignancy risk based on size.
- Various surgical approaches including open, laparoscopic, robotic, and newer minimally invasive techniques.
- Important technical aspects like patient positioning, gaining access, and intraoperative maneuvers for each approach.
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Drs. Lena, Avery, and Davis’s CMC Abdominal Imaging Mastery Project: August C...
Dr. Kelsey Lena is an Emergency Medicine Resident and Drs. Michael Avery and Joshua Davis are Surgery Residents at Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, NC. They are interested in medical education. With the guidance of Drs. Kyle Cunningham and Michael Gibbs, they aim to help augment our understanding of emergent abdominal imaging. Follow along with the EMGuideWire.com team as they post these monthly educational, self-guided radiology slides. This month’s topics include:
• Splenic Rupture
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• Ovarian Torsion
Blood Transfusion in Obstetrics Green-top Guideline 2015
This document provides guidelines for blood transfusion in obstetrics. It discusses reducing the risks of transfusion, general transfusion principles, strategies to minimize banked blood use, management of obstetric hemorrhage with blood components, pharmacological strategies, and management of intrapartum, postpartum anemia and women who decline blood products. The guidelines recommend optimizing hemoglobin, using cell salvage and restrictive transfusion protocols to reduce banked blood use, and considering tranexamic acid and fibrinogen concentrate for major hemorrhage. Clinicians should have clear protocols for hemorrhage management and intrapartum anemia transfusion criteria.
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The document provides information about renal biopsies, including their definition, history, indications, contraindications, preparation, procedure, post-procedure care, complications, and discharge/follow-up. A renal biopsy is a procedure that obtains kidney tissue, typically using a needle, to help diagnose kidney diseases. It has become safer since the 1950s with the development of needle biopsies and imaging guidance. Key indications include unexplained kidney issues like proteinuria or injuries. Risks include bleeding, but most complications are minor and self-limiting. Patients are monitored after the procedure and advised on follow-up care.
CURRENT TRENDS IN Renal cell carcinoma
1) Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. It accounts for 2-3% of all adult cancers.
2) Presentation and risk factors include sporadic and familial cases, with peak incidence in the 6th and 7th decades of life. Half of cases are now discovered incidentally.
3) Treatment depends on stage and includes surgery such as partial or radical nephrectomy, thermal ablation, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiation. Localized RCC is typically treated with surgery while advanced RCC utilizes systemic therapies.
Atypical HUS
This document presents the case of a 15-year-old male patient who presented in 2013 with fever, dark urine, vomiting, hematemesis, and epistaxis. Laboratory tests showed kidney dysfunction, low platelets and schistocytes. A renal biopsy found thrombotic microangiopathy consistent with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). The patient received plasmapheresis and dialysis but progressed to end-stage renal disease. The document provides details on the presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of aHUS, including that it is caused by overactivation of the alternative complement pathway and has a high risk of disease recurrence post-transplant without complement blockade treatment.
PUERPERAL GENITAL HAEMATOMAS
This document discusses puerperal genital haematomas, which are collections of blood outside blood vessels in the genital tract following childbirth. It covers the types (infralevator below levator ani muscle, supralevator above), causes (injury during birth, coagulopathies), risk factors (episiotomy, instruments), symptoms (pain, bleeding), investigations (blood tests, imaging), and management (conservative for small, surgery or embolization for large). Prompt diagnosis is key as excessive perineal pain should prompt examination, and treatment may require resuscitation, antibiotics, and monitoring for recurrence of bleeding.
Cesarean Scar Pregnancy
(usually in gestations of 7–8 w) to
provide pressure on the GS during US-guided
injection of MTX or Kcl into the GS.
AboubakrElnashar
3. Uterine artery embolization (UAE)
Indications:
1. Failed medical tt
2. Hemodynamically unstable
3. Ruptured CSP
4. Myometrial thickness <2 mm
5. Gestation >8 w
Complications:
1. Hge: 5-10%
2. Uterine atony: 5%
3. Infection: 1-2%
4. Nec
Trauma lecture
1) The document discusses the key components of trauma care including pre-hospital care, in-hospital care, rehabilitation, prevention, education, and research. It outlines the priorities of airway, breathing, and circulation for pre-hospital care and primary and secondary surveys for in-hospital care.
2) Specific trauma situations are examined like the elderly, pregnant patients, pediatrics, and special injuries involving the brain, chest, abdomen, and long bones. Management approaches are tailored to each group's unique needs.
3) The goals of trauma care and definitive treatment are outlined as preventing early death, minimizing morbidity, and maximizing function through early intervention, cellular protection, and multidisciplinary rehabilitation.
Oligospermia
This document discusses varicoceles, including their definition, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, treatment options, and complications. Varicoceles involve dilated and tortuous veins in the spermatic cord and are a common cause of male infertility. While often asymptomatic, varicoceles can cause pain and negatively impact testicular function and sperm quality. Treatment involves surgical repair of the affected veins to prevent further damage to the testes.
RENAL CYSTIC DISEASE
This document discusses the classification and pathogenesis of renal cystic diseases, with a focus on autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). It provides definitions and classifications of renal cystic diseases. It describes the genetic basis and inheritance pattern of ADPKD, caused by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 genes. Clinical features include flank pain, hematuria, hypertension, and renal failure typically developing in the 4th-6th decades. Treatment focuses on controlling hypertension and complications to delay renal failure for which there is no cure.
Management of Thromboembolic Disease in Pregnancy and Puerperium
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are the leading causes of maternal death in the UK. DVT is suspected based on leg pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness, while PE is suspected by chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, low blood pressure, and blueish skin color in severe cases. Diagnosis involves duplex ultrasound, lung scans, CT scans, and tests of blood clots. Treatment involves blood thinners like low molecular weight heparin throughout pregnancy and after delivery to prevent clots from reoccurring or causing long term issues. For life-threatening PE, thrombolysis or surgery may be required.
Drs. Lena, Avery, and Davis’s CMC Abdominal Imaging Mastery Project: January ...
Dr. Kelsey Lena is an Emergency Medicine Resident and Drs. Michael Avery and Joshua Davis are Surgery Residents at Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, NC. They are interested in medical education. With the guidance of Drs. Kyle Cunningham and Michael Gibbs, they aim to help augment our understanding of emergent abdominal imaging. Follow along with the EMGuideWire.com team as they post these monthly educational, self-guided radiology slides. This month’s topics include:
- Hepatic Abscess
- Colo-renal Fistula
- Splenic Artery Aneurysm Rupture
Renal cystic disease -2
This document discusses various cystic diseases of the kidney. It begins with an introduction to renal cysts and their classification as genetic or non-genetic. It then focuses on Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD), the most severe form which presents in infancy. ARPKD is caused by mutations in the PKHD1 gene and is characterized by enlarged, echogenic kidneys with hepatic fibrosis. Clinical features range from respiratory distress in newborns to hypertension in older children. The document also briefly discusses other genetic cystic kidney diseases including Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Juvenile Nephronophthisis. Evaluation and treatment options for ARPK
Surgical emergencies yr 5 amk teaching
This document provides a series of case studies involving patients presenting with surgical emergencies and questions to test the reader's knowledge. It begins with 85-year-old Dorothy presenting with abdominal pain and distension who is found to have a tension pneumothorax on chest imaging. Subsequent cases include a 23-year-old with abdominal pain following laparoscopy, a 77-year-old with bowel obstruction, a 55-year-old with pancreatitis, and a 67-year-old with renal colic who deteriorates concerning for ruptured AAA. Throughout the cases, questions are provided to assess ABCs, appropriate investigations, diagnoses, and management of these acute surgical presentations. Key learning points are provided at the
Drs. Rossi and Shreve’s CMC Abdominal Imaging Mastery Project: May Cases
Dr. Brian Shreve is an Emergency Medicine Resident and Dr. Isolina Rossi is a Surgery Resident at Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, NC. They are interested in medical education. With the guidance of Drs. Kyle Cunningham and Michael Gibbs, they aim to help augment our understanding of emergent abdominal imaging. Follow along with the EMGuideWire.com team as they post these monthly educational, self-guided radiology slides on:
• Splenic Laceration
• Necrotizing Pancreatitis
• Hepatic Abscess
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Drs. Claire Milam and Alyssa Thomas are Emergency Medicine Residents and interested in medical education. With the guidance of Dr. Michael Gibbs, a notable Professor of Emergency Medicine, they aim to help augment our understanding of emergent imaging. Follow along with the EMGuideWire.com team as they post these monthly educational, self-guided radiology slides on:
• Esophageal Impaction
• Obstructive Lung Mass
• Descending Aortic Aneursym
• Pleural Effusion
• Dextrocardia and Situs Inversus
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Absite and Surgical Boards - Bullet points
This document contains a list of topics related to clinical management and basic science concepts in various medical disciplines including ABSITE, body as a whole, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular/respiratory, and others. Some examples of topics listed include treatment of hyperacute renal transplant rejection, characteristics of von Willebrand's disease, diagnosis of pancreatic abscess, treatment of neurogenic shock, and characteristics of bacterial endotoxins.
Absite review basic science session 5
This document outlines a course for surgical residents called Basic Science 101. The goals of the course are to improve residents' understanding of the ABSITE exam, comprehend core basic science knowledge areas tested, and increase individual ABSITE scores by 10-20%. The course involves weekly review sessions over 7 weeks covering body systems. Residents are expected to complete a learning styles inventory, attend sessions, study beforehand, answer questions, and take pre/post-tests to assess knowledge improvement and performance on the ABSITE exam.
Mrcs Part A Experience
This document provides advice and recommendations from Kareem Hamimy for preparing for the MRCS Part A exam. It includes the following:
- Hamimy passed the MRCS Part A exam in January 2014 after 4 months of preparation, finding 4 months to be sufficient time to study.
- The emrcs.com website is recommended as the most useful studying aid, providing excellent practice questions similar to the exam and feedback.
- Recommended revision books are listed for anatomy, physiology, and pathology. Essential Revision Notes and Oxford Training in Surgery are also suggested.
- Recommended question books include resources from emrcs.com, Oxford, Pastest, and others.
03.sabiston surgery questions 17th ed
This document contains a chapter summary on the inflammatory response and sepsis as well as sample multiple choice questions that test understanding of the key concepts. It discusses that sepsis affects over 1 million people in the US each year and that cytokines are small hormone-like proteins secreted by cells that mediate inflammation. Recombinant human activated protein C has been approved by the FDA for treatment of severe sepsis.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) in Neurology
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) in Neurology provides comprehensive neurology education resources including question banks, sample exam papers, and self-assessment reviews to help neurology aspirants prepare for entrance exams. The Neurology website was established in 2011 by Dr. Sunil Kumar as a non-profit educational resource with a mission to provide up-to-date and advertisement-free neurology knowledge to support exam preparation.
Pediatric Surgery Review
1. The document provides an overview of common pediatric surgical conditions, including congenital diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, intussusception, Meckel's diverticulum, Hirschsprung disease, and anorectal malformations.
2. It describes the definition, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management of each condition. Diagrams and images are provided to illustrate key aspects.
3. The review is intended for 6th year medical students to familiarize them with important pediatric surgical topics.
Content Strategy 2015: Marketing, Mobile, and the Enterprise
Content remains a fundamental challenge for all of our organizations. Instead of talking about "what's next," let's talk about what's needed. Find out what basic questions every company should ask in 2015 before committing budget to new content marketing and management programs.
Orthopaedics Mc Qs
This document contains 74 multiple choice questions related to orthopaedic surgery. The questions cover topics such as the origin of bone, causes of acute osteomyelitis, characteristics of Brodie's abscess, signs of tuberculosis of the spine, healing of tuberculous arthritis, location of osteoid osteoma, features of osteosarcoma, sites of common bone metastases, imaging modalities to evaluate bone metastases, synonyms for Paget's disease, cell type resembling multiple myeloma tumor cells, parts of the humerus commonly involved in radial nerve palsy, location of Volkmann's ischemia, signs of early Volkmann's contracture, fracture types of the humerus commonly seen in children, sites of
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Case presentation
A 23-year old female presents with a rash, bruising, nosebleeds, and heavy menstruation. Her physical exam and labs reveal an isolated thrombocytopenia. Her peripheral smear shows decreased platelet numbers and slightly larger platelets, suggesting early release from the bone marrow in response to peripheral destruction. Further history and testing are needed to determine the cause of the thrombocytopenia.
Vasculites and kidney
This document discusses vasculitides that can affect the kidneys and their management during and after kidney transplantation. Small vessel vasculitides like microscopic polyangiitis commonly cause nephritis and renal failure. Recurrence rates of ANCA-associated vasculitis after kidney transplantation are reported between 9-40%, usually occurring around 31 months. The optimal timing for kidney transplantation in vasculitis is after at least one year of remission, though remission is more important than seronegativity. Outcomes of transplantation are generally good if vasculitis is well controlled beforehand.
Post Operative ICU Management of Orthotopic Liver Transplant Patients
(1) Post-operative liver transplant patients require intensive care to stabilize organ systems and monitor graft function and complications. Continuous monitoring of hemodynamics is important to ensure adequate perfusion.
(2) Pulmonary support is often needed until patients can breathe independently. Infections are common. Hepatic function is closely tracked through labs and imaging. Primary non-function or thrombosis are serious complications.
(3) Electrolytes, glucose, nutrition, and infection surveillance all require close attention. Sepsis is a major risk, so cultures are important for any fever. Immunosuppression aims to prevent rejection while avoiding side effects.
renal transplantation-.pptx
This document discusses pediatric kidney transplantation, including its history, indications, recipient and donor evaluation processes, surgical procedure, immunosuppression regimens, complications, and long-term management. Key points include: the first successful human kidney transplant was in 1950; recipients must not have active infection or malignancy; living donors are preferred when possible; tissue typing and crossmatching are important; immunosuppression involves induction agents, steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and other drugs; and complications can include rejection, infection, graft failure, and malignancy. Long-term follow up is needed to monitor graft function and patient health.
Cases in cardiology part one PART THREE MAGDI SASI
A 55-year-old female presented with symptoms of weight loss, abdominal discomfort, and an enlarged spleen. Laboratory tests showed an elevated white blood cell count with immature cells. The first line of management is a bone marrow aspiration to confirm the diagnostic approval of acute myeloid leukemia.
A 60-year-old male presented with swelling of the neck, weight loss, fatigue, and recurrent infections. Examination found lymphadenopathy, enlarged spleen and liver. Laboratory tests showed an elevated white blood cell count with lymphocytosis. The poor prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia except CD38 is lymphocyte doubling time greater than 2 years.
A 62-year-old man with risk factors for infective
Post liver transplantation complications and immunosuppression
This document discusses post liver transplantation complications and immunosuppression. It begins with a brief history of liver transplantation and then discusses various complications that can occur including technical complications, medical complications, graft dysfunction, rejection, and infections. It also covers long term complications and special scenarios related to immunosuppression in liver transplant patients.
Case Report: Prostate Cancer/Septic Shock
Mr. C.E. is a 79-year-old man who presented with septic shock and was found unresponsive at home. He has a history of metastatic prostate cancer, for which he underwent radical prostatectomy and cystectomy with an ileal conduit placement. In the ICU, he was diagnosed with septicemia from both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, acute kidney injury, uremia, and metabolic acidosis. Testing showed obstruction of the ureter leading to infection. Though aggressive treatment was planned, after discussing his living will with family, all life-saving interventions were withdrawn and he was made comfort care only, passing away comfortably later that day.
Overview of kidney transplant
renal transplant kidney transplant for non nephrologist
basics of kidney transplant overview of transplant
Hyperkalemia
This document discusses hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), including its causes, effects on the heart, diagnosis, and treatment. It describes a case report of a 69-year-old woman who experienced hyperkalemia after dialysis. Her symptoms included abdominal pain, fatigue, and arrhythmia. Treatment involved calcium, insulin, glucose, and emergent dialysis to lower her potassium level. The document then provides details on potassium regulation in the body, effects of high potassium on heart function, electrocardiogram changes seen with hyperkalemia, common causes, and approaches for treating acute hyperkalemia including membrane stabilization, promoting potassium influx, and potassium removal methods like dialysis or sodium polystyrene sulfonate.
Blood transfusion reactions
This document summarizes blood transfusion reactions. It defines transfusion reactions as any unfavorable events occurring during or after a transfusion. Common causes include identification errors. Reactions are classified as immune-mediated (hemolytic, non-hemolytic) or non-immune. Hemolytic reactions include immediate (intravascular) and delayed (extravascular) types. Non-hemolytic reactions include febrile non-hemolytic, allergic, anaphylactic, and transfusion-related acute lung injury. The document describes the signs, symptoms, management, and laboratory investigation of various transfusion reactions.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a liver inflammation caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is the most common cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis worldwide and a major cause of chronic liver disease. HCV is a positive-sense RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family with 6 genotypes. It infects hepatocytes and lymphocytes. Chronic HCV can lead to serious liver problems like cirrhosis or liver cancer over many years. Diagnosis involves liver tests, HCV antibody and RNA detection. There is no vaccine but treatment with antiviral drugs can cure most cases of HCV infection.
Hepatic angiosarcoma-going-but-not-gone-lessons-from-a-single-centre-experience
Abstract
Hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare tumour that is often difficult to diagnose. Historically, most cases of hepatic angiosarcoma were seen in the setting of industrial epidemics caused by exposure of workers to toxins such as vinyl chloride. Cases associated with recognised exposure to carcinogens have fortunately been extremely rare for the last three or more decades. However, the tumour has by no means disappeared in the Australian community. In this case series, we describe three cases of hepatic angiosarcoma that were seen at our institution since 2002. The first case presented with cholestatic liver function tests and was found to have angiosarcoma on liver biopsy. In the second case, the patient was admitted for decompensated liver disease on a background of presumed hepatitis B cirrhosis. The diagnosis of hepatic angiosarcoma was made only at autopsy after the patient died from multi-organ failure. The third case presented with ascites and the diagnosis of disseminated angiosarcoma was again made at autopsy following a negative ante-mortem liver biopsy.
Chapter 5
This document summarizes three patient cases involving liver failure:
1. A 40-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain and fatigue due to alcohol abuse and acetaminophen overdose. Her condition deteriorated rapidly and she underwent successful liver transplantation.
2. A 62-year-old man with cirrhosis presented with recurrent variceal bleeding and developed hepatorenal syndrome while awaiting transplantation. He was treated with TIPS and CRRT and ultimately received a liver.
3. A 52-year-old woman with autoimmune cirrhosis presented with symptoms of heart failure and was found to have pulmonary hypertension on echocardiogram. She was evaluated for liver transplantation.
RENAL TRANSPLANTATION AN OVERVIEW.ppt
Renal transplantation provides better outcomes than dialysis for patients with end-stage renal disease. Candidates are evaluated for medical contraindications and kidney function is assessed in living donors. HLA matching and negative cross-matching between donor and recipient improve graft survival. While immunosuppression carries risks, multidrug regimens can prevent rejection and maximize allograft longevity. Long-term monitoring is needed due to potential complications. Overall, transplantation usually improves quality and length of life for eligible patients with kidney failure.
Acute pancreatitis case discussion
This document discusses three case studies of patients presenting with acute pancreatitis and its complications:
Case 1 involves a 56-year-old man with severe acute pancreatitis, respiratory failure, and multiple organ dysfunction. CT reveals pancreatic necrosis. Intensive care support is needed.
Case 2 involves a 61-year-old man whose acute pancreatitis is complicated by infection of pancreatic necrosis from bile duct stones. Surgery is eventually needed to debride necrotic tissue.
Case 3 involves a 45-year-old man whose acute pancreatitis is complicated by a pancreatic rupture and collection. Percutaneous drainage is initially done but surgery is later needed to drain solid necrotic debris from the collection. He develops a
Transplantation immunology dr. ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Gn master class
The document discusses several cases of glomerular disease:
1) A 27-year-old male with nephrotic syndrome and a kidney biopsy showing IgG and C3 deposits along the glomerular basement membrane consistent with membranous nephropathy.
2) A 78-year-old female admitted with nephrotic syndrome after a history of NSAID use, with a biopsy showing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
3) A 26-year-old male with nephrotic syndrome and renal impairment, whose biopsy demonstrated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with C3 deposition and subendothelial electron dense deposits. Follow up showed elevated
Acute pancreatitis
1) Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that can range from mild to severe. It involves autodigestion of the pancreas by its own enzymes.
2) There are two main types - edematous pancreatitis which is mild and necrotizing/hemorrhagic pancreatitis which is more severe and can lead to loss of pancreatic function.
3) Causes include gallstones, alcohol abuse, medications, trauma, hyperlipidemia and sometimes the cause is unknown. Clinical features include severe abdominal pain, nausea and tenderness on examination. Investigations include blood tests and imaging. Management involves IV fluids, nil by mouth, antibiotics if infected, and sometimes
Nyps case review
New York Pathological Society case presentation including "minimal change PBC", autoimmune hepatitis and drug/toxin induced liver injury.
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Post Operative ICU Management of Orthotopic Liver Transplant Patients
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Topics absite
Review some recent (2009) topics used in the absite and general surgical board exams, http://www.nirhus.com
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Absite killer 2004
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of climate change on global wheat production. Researchers found that rising temperatures will significantly reduce wheat yields across different regions of the world by the end of the century. Under a high emissions scenario, wheat production is projected to decrease between 6-27% globally depending on the region, posing substantial risks to global food security.
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The most common reason for arteriovenous (AV) graft failure is venous obstruction caused by intimal hyperplasia. Early failures are usually due to technical issues, while late failures are usually caused by intimal hyperplasia developing on the venous side of the graft.
Lower extremity fasciotomies involve making two incisions. The first incision is made posteriorly along the medial tibia to open the superficial posterior space. The soleus muscle is then longitudinally incised to open the deep posterior space. A second incision is made anteriorly along the lateral fibula to access the anterior and lateral muscle compartments. Injury to the superficial peroneal nerve during this procedure would result in decreased ability
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Slides with topics that are covered and were tested in the recent Absite exams.
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1) Patients with septic shock are normovolemic despite increased cardiac output and low peripheral resistance due to a hyperdynamic state induced by sepsis. A low systemic vascular resistance is useful for diagnosis.
2) Superficial spreading melanoma is more common on the trunk/arms/thighs in white races, starting as an asymmetric macule with irregular borders and color variation that penetrates quickly. Resection margins are 1cm for lesions <1mm, 2cm for 1-4mm, and 3cm for >4mm.
3) For cardiac tamponade diagnosis, listening to breath sounds is most useful to differentiate from tension pneumothorax, which presents with absent breath sounds over the affected hemith
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The document discusses post-operative wound infection rates based on wound classification, nerves at risk of injury during laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, and anatomical areas to avoid when using staples. It also describes the typical paths of perineal fistulas in Crohn's disease based on the location of the external opening.
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Slides with topics that are covered and were tested in the recent Absite exams.
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Editor's Notes
- http://www.rad.washington.edu/mskbook/facialfx.html
- A- CMV infection – inclusion bodies in macrophages
- A involves preformed recipiant AB.
- B
- B
- B – this complex inhibits IL2,3,4, INF-gamma
- C – in the liver
- D
- C
- A
- C
- D – 1 st step
- B - stent
- D - stent
- A – start pulse steroids. Re Bx in 5-7 days.
- D
- A
- C