1) The document describes an anti-lock braking system (ABS) which uses sensors and controllers to prevent wheels from locking during braking. It modulates brake pressure to keep wheels rotating just before the lockup point, allowing steering control during heavy braking.
2) The ABS components are described including electronic control unit, hydraulic control unit, wheel sensors. The working involves isolating brake pressure from wheels about to lock to allow them to rotate freely again.
3) A mathematical model and Simulink model are presented. Results show vehicle stopping distance is reduced with ABS compared to without ABS due to better traction from controlled wheel slip.
An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety anti-skid braking system used on aircraft and on land vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks and buses. ABS operates by preventing the wheels from locking up during braking, thereby maintaining tractive contact with the road surface
An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety anti-skid braking system used on aircraft and on land vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks and buses. ABS operates by preventing the wheels from locking up during braking, thereby maintaining tractive contact with the road surface
automatic braking system and brake actuation before collisonashutosh singh
In this project the pneumatic bumper and brake is used to protect the man and vehicle. This system is only activated when any obstacle comes in front of vehicle, the obstacle is sensed by sensor and it gives the signal to the control unit and due to this bumper system and braking system activated. Bumper is energized by compressor and it compressed the air and send it to the pneumatic piston. This system is used in any type of light vehicles.
Global Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Market: Trends and Opportuni...Daedal Research
The report titled “Global Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Market: Trends and Opportunities (2013-2018)” provides an in-depth analysis of global advanced driver assistance system market. For more mail me: info@daedal-research.com
automatic braking system and brake actuation before collisonashutosh singh
In this project the pneumatic bumper and brake is used to protect the man and vehicle. This system is only activated when any obstacle comes in front of vehicle, the obstacle is sensed by sensor and it gives the signal to the control unit and due to this bumper system and braking system activated. Bumper is energized by compressor and it compressed the air and send it to the pneumatic piston. This system is used in any type of light vehicles.
Global Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Market: Trends and Opportuni...Daedal Research
The report titled “Global Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Market: Trends and Opportunities (2013-2018)” provides an in-depth analysis of global advanced driver assistance system market. For more mail me: info@daedal-research.com
Vehicle safety system
it covers
hydraulic brakes
working of drum ,disk brakes
abs
airbags
ESP/ESC(electronic stability programme)
future trends in safety systems
cruise control
ACC
Linear Control Technique for Anti-Lock Braking SystemIJERA Editor
Antilock braking systems are used in modern cars to prevent the wheels from locking after brakes are applied. The dynamics of the controller needed for antilock braking system depends on various factors. The vehicle model often is in nonlinear form. Controller needs to provide a controlled torque necessary to maintain optimum value of the wheel slip ratio. The slip ratio is represented in terms of vehicle speed and wheel rotation.
In present work first of all system dynamic equations are explained and a slip ratio is expressed in terms of system variables namely vehicle linear velocity and angular velocity of the wheel. By applying a bias braking force system, response is obtained using Simulink models. Using the linear control strategies like PI-type the effectiveness of maintaining desired slip ratio is tested. It is always observed that a steady state error of 10% occurring in all the control system models.
An anti-lock braking system or anti-skid braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system that allows the wheels on a motor vehicle to maintain tractive contact with the road surface according to driver inputs while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up (ceasing rotation) and avoiding uncontrolled skidding.
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
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In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
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What Causes 'Trans Failsafe Prog' to Trigger in BMW X5
abs
1. INTRODUCTION
ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 1
• Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system that allows
the wheels on a motor vehicle to maintain tractive contact with the road surface
according to driver inputs while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up
and avoiding uncontrolled skidding.
• ABS generally offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances
on dry and slippery surfaces.
• ABS modulates the brake line pressure independent of the pedal force, to bring
the wheel speed back to the slip level range that is necessary for optimal
braking performance.
2. PROJECT OUTLINE
ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 2
• Objectives of ABS
• Components of ABS
• Working of ABS
• Mathematical model
• System model
• Results
• Conclusion
• References
3. OBJECTIVES OF ABS
ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 3
• To reduce stopping distance
1. The road surface type and conditions can be inferred from the vehicle's
braking pressure, wheel slip measurements, and deceleration rate
comparisons.
2. The wheel slip is regulated so that the road adhesion coefficient is
maximized. By keeping all of the wheels of a vehicle near the maximum
friction coefficient, an antilock system can attain maximum fictional
force
3. In turn, this strategy leads to the minimization of the vehicle stopping
distance.
4. ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 4
• Stability
1. A locked-up wheel generates a reduced braking force, smaller than the peak
value of the available adhesion between tires and road. A locked-up wheel
will also lose its capability to sustain any lateral force. This may result in the
loss of vehicle stability.
2. The basic purpose of a conventional ABS system is thus to prevent any
wheel from locking and to keep the longitudinal slip in an operational range
by cycling the braking pressure.
5. ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 5
• Steerability
1. Good peak frictional force control is necessary in order to achieve
satisfactory lateral forces and, therefore, satisfactory steer-ability.
2. If an obstacle appears without warning, emergency braking may not be
sufficient. When the wheels are locked, car no longer respond to the driver’s
steering intention.
3. With ABS car remains steerable even during emergency braking, and thus the
obstacle can be safely avoided.
6. COMPONENTS OF ABS
ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 6
The primary components of the ABS braking system are:
• Electronic control unit (ECU)
1. It receives signals from the sensors in the circuit and controls the brake
pressure at the road wheels according to the data analysed by the Unit.
2. ECU assists the vehicle operator to prevent wheel lockup by regulating the
wheel slip.
• Hydraulic control unit or modulator
1. It receives operating signals from the ECU to apply or release the brakes
under ABS conditions.
2. It executes the commands using three solenoid valves connected in series
with the master cylinder and the brake circuits- one valve for each front
wheel hydraulic circuit, and one for both of the rear wheels. Thus brakes can
be actuated by controlling hydraulic pressure.
7. ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 7
• Power booster and master cylinder assembly
1. It is activated when the driver pushes down on the brake pedal. The master
cylinder transforms the applied pedal force into hydraulic pressure which
is transmitted simultaneously to all four wheels.
2. It provides the power assistance required during braking.
• Wheel sensor unit
1. Speed sensors are comprised of a magnet wrapped in a coil and a toothed
sensor ring. An electrical field given off by the contact between the magnet
and the toothed ring creates a AC voltage.
2. The voltage frequency is directly proportional to the wheel's rotational
speed.
3. It monitors the rotational speed of the wheel and transmits this data to the
ABS control module.
8. WORKING OF ABS
ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 8
• If a wheel-speed sensor signals a lock up - the ECU sends a current to the
hydraulic unit. This energizes the solenoid valve. The action of the valve
isolates the brake circuit from the master cylinder. This stops the braking
pressure at that wheel from rising, and keeps it constant. It allows wheel
velocity to increase and slip to decrease.
• When the velocity increases, ECU re-applies the brake pressure to restrict
the wheel slip to a particular value.
• Hydraulic control unit controls the brake pressure in each wheel cylinder
based on the inputs from the system sensor. This in result controls the wheel
speed.
9. MATHEMATICAL MODEL
ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 9
• Wheel slip:
When the braking action is initiated, a slippage between the tire and the
contacted road surface will occur, which make the speed of the vehicle to be
different from that of the tire.
• The longitudinal slip is defined as
𝑆 =
𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 − 𝜔𝑅 𝑤
𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
The side slip angle is
𝛼 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
𝑉𝑠𝑦
𝑉𝑥
Force and velocity components on tyre
10. ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 10
• Vehicle Dynamics
According to Newton's second law, the equation of motion of the simplified
vehicle can be expressed by,
𝑚 𝑡 𝑉 = −𝐹𝑡 − 𝐹𝑎
The road friction force is given by Coulomb law
𝐹𝑡 = 𝜇𝑁
The total mass of the quarter vehicle can be written as
𝑚 𝑡 = 𝑚 𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑒 +
𝑚 𝑐
4
Thus, the total normal load cm be expressed by
𝑁 = 𝑚 𝑡 𝑔 − 𝐹𝑙
𝐹𝑙is the longitudinal weight transfer load due to braking
12. ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 12
• Wheel dynamics
According to Newton's second law, the equation of motion at wheel
level for the rotational DOF is given by,
𝐽 𝑤 𝜔 = −𝑇𝑏 + 𝐹𝑡 𝑅 𝑤
14. SYSTEM MODEL
ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 14
Assumption: Only a linear model was considered and does not include actual road
conditions. The system here is modelled only for straight line braking.
15. INPUT PARAMETERS FOR SIMULINK MODEL
ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 15
Gravitational constant 𝑔 = 32.18 𝑓𝑡/𝑠2
Initial velocity of vehicle 𝑣0 = 88 𝑓𝑡/𝑠
Wheel Radius 𝑅𝑟 = 1.25 𝑓𝑡
Mass of vehicle 𝑚 = 50 lbs
Maximum Braking Torque 𝑇𝑏 𝑚𝑎𝑥
= 1500 𝑙𝑏𝑓 ∗ 𝑓𝑡
Hydraulic Lag 𝑇𝐵 = 0.01 𝑠
Moment of Inertia 𝐽 𝑤 = 5 𝑓𝑡4
23. CONCLUSION
ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 23
• It is inferred that ABS improves the braking performance.
• The stopping distance after using ABS system has considerably reduced.
• The error in slip and desired slip is used to manipulate brake pressure in brake
cylinder.
24. REFERENCES
ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM 24
• Tianku Fu,“Modelling and performance analysis of ABS system with non-linear control”,
2000.
• Tobias Eriksson,“Co-simulation of full vehicle model in Adams and anti-lock brake system
model in Simulink”, 2014.