A brain haemorrhage, also known as cerebral or intracranial haemorrhage, occurs due to the bursting of an artery in the brain, leading to severe bleeding and various types depending on the affected area. Symptoms include sudden severe headaches, numbness, and paralysis, while diagnosis is aided by CT and MRI scans. Treatment involves monitoring, stabilizing critical health parameters, and possibly surgery, with rehabilitation therapy necessary for recovery and prevention focusing on controlling blood pressure and lifestyle changes.

1. About Brain Haemorrhage
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2. Introduction
 A brain haemorrhage has many names like cerebral
haemorrhage, intracranial haemorrhage, intracranial or cerebral
hematoma and subarachnoid haemorrhage.
 It is caused due to bursting of an artery in the brain resulting in
heavy bleeding.
 The type of brain haemorrhage is determined from the region
where it occurs.

3. How does a Brain Haemorrhage occur
 When bleeding takes place inside the skull it is called
intracranial haemorrhage.
 If the bleeding takes place inside the brain it is intracerebral
haemorrhage.
 If the bleeding is between the brain and membranes covering it
then it is referred as subarachnoid haemorrhage.
 If bleeding occurs between the brain covering and skull then it
is subdural or epidural hematoma.
 If bleeding is between the layers of the brain coverings which
are very sensitive then person may experience sudden and
severe headache.

4. Causes of brain haemorrhage
 Chronic high blood pressure if not treated can cause weakening
of the blood vessel walls.
 Aneurysm which is weakening of the blood vessel wall. Due to
swelling it can burst causing bleeding.
 Drug misuse especially cocaine
 Head injury causes bleeding in the brain especially in people
less than 50 years.
 Abnormalities in blood vessels present from the time of birth.
 Amyloid angiopathy which occurs with ageing. Many small
bleeds are caused initially which are unnoticed.
 Low blood platelets caused by Haemophilia and sickle cell
anaemia.

5. Symptoms of Brain Haemorrhage
 Severe headache which is sudden
 Fatigue and numbness or tingling
 Loss of coordination
 Giddiness
 Unclear vision
 Pain near the eye region (above and behind)
 Hallucination
 Paralysis, particularly in face, arm, leg , more often on one
side of the body

6. Diagnosis of Brain Haemorrhage
 Computed tomography (CT) scan, in which images of brain
are created. It helps in easy by detection of skull fractures or
bleeding.
 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helps doctors to have a
close and clear view of your brain for identifying the cause of
bleeding.
 This type of imaging test may help your doctor to see the
brain more clearly and identify the bleeding source.

7. Treatment for Brain Haemorrhage
 Patients need to be monitored very closely if bleeding is inside
the brain.
 Initial step of treatment involves stabilizing the blood pressure
and ensuring normal breathing.
 Ventilator can be made available to ensure enough oxygen
supply to the brain and other vital organs of the body.
 Intravenous access is required so that patient can get fluids and
medicines especially in unconscious state.
 Special monitoring systems are needed for keeping track of the
heart beats, blood oxygen levels and intracranial pressure.
 Once the patient is stabilized, then doctors take decision to
operate the patient based on various factors.

8. Brain haemorrhage Complications
 Death can also occur despite of medication in some cases.
 Loss of movement
 Inability in communicating
 Bleeding may occur in the digestive system
 paralysis
 depression

9. Relation between Blood pressure, Paralysis
and Brain haemorrhage
 Long term high blood pressure problem if not treated on time
can lead to hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage.
 Blood pressure when remains high for a very long period, it
leads to weakening of the walls of blood vessels.
 Continuous high pressure on these walls cause damage to them
and leads to blockage of the blood vessels or sometimes leakage
of blood in the brain.
 Blood causes irritation in the brain tissues leading to swelling
also known as cerebral edema.

10.  The collected blood forms a mass called A hematoma or
hematoma.
 Swelling and hematoma inside the brain imparts pressure on the
brain gradually destroying it.
 Paralysis is one of the symptoms of brain haemorrhage.
 The face, hand or leg of the patient is paralysed many times just
one side of the body before a stroke.

11. How to Overcome Brain Haemorrhage
related Problems
 If you have any victim of brain haemorrhage make him/her lie
down flat with the head and shoulder slightly raised.
 This is done to reduce the blood pressure in the brain.
 If the person becomes unconscious then roll him/her so that he/she
can lie on the left side and try to pull the chin in forward direction.
 It opens the air passage and allows the vomit to come out.
 If the person is conscious speak positively with him/her and
provide mental support as much as you can.

12. Rehabilitation Therapy
 Rehabilitation therapy is needed for brain haemorrhage
patients after surgery or any treatment to help them lead a
normal by relearning the everyday tasks.
 It also aims to help the survivor to adapt to problems arising
after the attack, prevent any other complications and instruct
the guardians on how to support the survivor.

13.  In many hospitals a rehabilitation team is present with
different skills to help the patients.
 These can be physicians, pharmacists, nurses, psychologists,
physiotherapists along with speech and language therapists.
 Social workers also participate to treat patients from post
treatment depressions.

14. Prevention of Brain Haemorrhages
 Controlling blood pressure or hypertension.
 It has been found in a study that around 80% patients have high
blood pressure history.
 Have a healthy diet and exercise regularly.
 Meditate daily to keep your mind peaceful.
 Stress can cause overexertion of brain.
 Stop Smoking
 Avoid drugs such as cocaine which can increase the risk of brain
disorder.
 To avoid head injury drive carefully with your seat belt on.

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