Abnormal Psychology

Topic 1
Is this Normal or Abnormal?

Situation 1: A man kissing another man

Normal
1. It is inside feeling and like other feelings which are inside us it would be normal.
2. It’s 2020 and love is free. Even if they are just friends, it’s ﬁne too because it is just a way
to show love.
3. It’s just a kiss. You can kiss anyone regardless of their gender.
4. It may be the culture of some countries. Maybe in Malaysia, it is rare but it does not
mean that it is abnormal.
5. Love knows no gender. Maybe they were just friends and the kiss was just a way of
showing love.
6. I do believe that this is just another form of love. This is not harmful or forceful kind of
relationship. Everyone is unique in their own way and that includes relationship among
same gender. I may not be one, but that does not prevent me from respecting them.
7. I do know some of my guy friends who are gay or bi, and also one of them was a
haemaphrodite. It wasn't easy to accept at ﬁrst, but I had to accept it at a certain point
that my guy friend was choosing to behave like a female.

Abnormal
1. It is weird and it might inﬂuence others to do so as well and from my beliefs it
is wrong.
2. The same gender having sexual tension and feelings towards each other just
does not sit right with me because I get uncomfortable just by the thought of
it.
3. The action is weird and disgusting. I will have the mindset that they is “gay”.
4. If it’s a mouth to mouth kiss or an intimate kiss, the action is showing some
disgusting and weird early signs such as having the ‘gay’ symptoms.
5. I have never seen any man kissing each other like that. It is so weird!
6. It is something which not according to nature.
7. It is something unusual action and it’s abnormal because it rare to see like
that.

Abnormal
1. In Malaysian culture, we rarely see a man kiss another man, it doesn’t have to
be an intimate kiss, kissing on the cheeks when greeting is something we
rarely see in our culture compared to Americans so i feel like it’s abnormal.
2. I just think it’s unusual and weird as it is not commonly seen in this culture.
3. It depends to situation. If they kiss each other lips lovely they show a speciﬁc
feeling but if as greeting I think is normal
4. If it happened to me, I will feel awkward and nausea. Because I don’t like, even
I think it’s normal, but physically and mentally are rejected. The reason why I
said that is normal but I can’t accept it because the people (guys) around me
they don’t have this behavior but girl did. Accept certain situation.
5. It's gay and maybe their hormone change.

Situation 2:
A woman refusing to eat for several days

Normal
1. This entirely depends on the situation and the reason she isn’t eating,
because sometimes people go or fasts where they only have liquid.
2. It is all depend on the individual preferences. some people would
choose not to eat for several days because they might not have
anything suitable to eat, they may not be able to eat or bite where they
only have some drinks, they can even be undergoing a treatment that
makes them lose appetite to eat or they could be fasting due to some
religious activities.
3. According their jobs or goals, maybe they want to lose weight like
models or athletes, or maybe they want to fast so they stop eating for a
few days.

Abnormal
1. I think she is too depressed. If she doesn’t eat anything at all, she is not in a healthy
state!
2. Even though she is insecure about the percentage of her body fat or wanting to slim
down to her desired weight, i feel that this act is abnormal due to the fact that it can
especially harm her physical health where she could experience stomach ache, migraine
and also gastrics.
3. If she does not eat for days, she may develop health problems. She may be stressed or
trying to lose weight.
4. Food is one of the main source that keeps us going and if ur refusing for certain reasons
like weight loss, mental health problems and more but there is always consequences.
5. I think refusing to eat for days is abnormal, however, skipping meals or less appetite to
eat is normal because of hormonal changes.

Abnormal
1. She insecure with her body weight, she worry that she will gaining weight and she might
have health problem such as stomach ache because she refusing to eat several days. It
can link with eating disorder.
2. She must be having depression which is considered not normal
3. She may get health problems if she did not eat for several days. And it may related to
eating disorders.
4. Refusing to eat for days would mean that something has become more important to her
than satisfying her basic needs- hunger. It shows that something is wrong with her.
5. When a women have this behavior, mostly they are in a huge depression, stress, emotion
and so on. Because as a human, we won’t refuse to eat at all, because our body need
food to maintain our body to keep have energy for our body.
6. Refusing to eat for several days is an alarming situation as food is our basic need to
survive. This could be the sign of physical, mental or even emotional health issues.

Abnormal
1. A woman refusing to eat for several days is a abnormal behavior because as a humans
we need to take food to keep our body in good health if though, we having or facing huge
problems.
2. If she worry about her weight or decide to get slim without eating it is not normal or she
scare to increase her weight or another problems and they're not worry about their
health
3. It is unusual for someone to accept starving that could harm themselves.
4. Having meals on daily basis is crucial for our body needs and not having any meals on
several days is alarming as not only this is harmful to a person’s physical health, this also
indicates that the person could be having troubling thoughts which harms his/her
mental health as well.
5. She has no appetite and it's unbalanced diet.

Situation 3:
A man driving a nail through his hand

Normal
1. Now we are living in 2020, so we should passed those
traditional belief. Because of gender, we should stop doing
or wearing speciﬁc things. As long as our appearance
doesn’t bother people, we can do whatever we like.

Abnormal
1. He must be drunk and too tired and got unconsciously injured himself. He
must be too hurt inside himself.
2. This is very rare behavior that we never saw before this which how a person
can hurt himself just for driving a nail.
3. Causing so much of pain to oneself is not normal.
4. No one would be in their right minds to purposely hurt themselves and enjoy
the feeling of excruciating pain.
5. Normal people don’t cause themselves so much pain. It also means that he is
stressed, so he self-harm to release his pressure.
6. It will very hurt and painful.
7. He is harming himself and that is a sign that something is wrong. Why would
someone cause pain to themselves.

Abnormal
1. No one would simply cause pain to themselves unless they really go through
some serious matter that they ﬁnd it difficult to handle. he is self-harming
himself in order to get some satisfaction and release his tensions. It could show
that he is going through stress that could slowly leads to depression which
causes him to self-harm.
2. This might cause him some serious injuries that might not even thought of.
3. It’s pain, disgusting and he is harming his own hand. So for me, it is wrong and
I really don't appreciate such vulgar behavior.
4. I don’t think someone would willingly harm themselves.
5. No one would hurt or harm themselves on purpose for no reason.
6. He can injure himself.

Abnormal
1. Self harming is not something people would do. If they self harm, the
reason for this is usually due to issue they have which troubles them and
affects their daily live activities.
2. Nobody like to harm him or herself,these people have problem and they
don't like themselves.
3. If he is a magician, I would be ﬁne with it, but if his intentions were to harm
himself, surely it is a part of abnormality.
4. His behaviors is like to harm himself.
5. He is using self-harm to release his stress. There are many ways to release
stress and we normally will not choose self-harm because it will bring harm
to us. So, he is in high stress and he need treatment soon.

Topic 2
1. What’s Mental Illness Stigmatization?
2. How to Fight Mental Illness Stigmatization?

● Mental illness stigmatization is used
to think that somebody was punished
by God or having an unclean spirit
inside their bodies, making the
person to behave abnormally that
other people find them annoying.
● To fight mental illness stigmatization,
the person can find support at
Malaysian Mental Health Association
(in Malaysia), and share their
experiences to others to educate the
public that there are many people
facing the same thing, by using
#EndTheStigma and/or add Photo
Frame if sharing on social media.
● The societies in different
countries can raise the
awareness by organising the
campaigns, like “Mental
Health Awareness Month” in
May and “World Mental Health
Day on 10th October”, to share
the infographics, videos,
promote their support
services and encourage the
public to wear a lime green
ribbon, which represents
hope, strength, support, and
encouragement for sufferers.

Topic 3
What are the Autonomic Arousal, Somatic and
Psychological symptoms?

Autonomic Arousal Symptoms:
Responsible for many of the body's
automatic processes such as heart
rate, respiratory functions, digestion
stomach pain, rapid breathing and
dizziness
Somatic Symptom:
A person having a signiﬁcant focus
on physical symptoms, pain,
weakness or shortness of breath
and muscle ache
Arousal Symptoms:
- Hard time concentrating and
controlling thoughts
- Increased heart beat, uncontrolled
sweating and feeling of stress
Psychological Symptoms:
Feeling nervous, restless or tense;
having a sense of panic; having an
increased of heart rate; breathing
rapidly; sweating; trembling; feeling
weak or tired; trouble concentrating

Types of Speciﬁc Phobia:
1. Animal Type: Dogs, snakes, or
spiders
2. Natural Environment Type:
Heights, storms, water
3. Blood-Injection-Injury Type:
Fear of seeing blood, receiving
a blood test or shot, watching
TV shows that displaying
medical procedures
Agoraphobia is a fear of being in situations
where escape might be difficult or that help
wouldn't be available if things go wrong. Many
people assume it is simply a fear of open
spaces. Someone with agoraphobia may be
scared of travelling on public transport.
Social phobia happens during social
interactions, like talking to strangers,
speaking in public, dating, making eye
contact, entering rooms. When people feel so
self-conscious and anxious that it prevents
them from speaking up or socializing most of
the time, it is probably more than shyness.
Speciﬁc phobias are overwhelming and
unreasonable fear of objects or situations
that pose little real danger, but provoke
anxiety and avoidance.

Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder
(OCD) is an anxiety disorder
characterized by uncontrollable,
unwanted thoughts and ritualized,
repetitive behaviors that you feel
compelled to perform.
Compulsions are repetitive
behaviors or mental acts that a
person feels driven to perform in
response to an obsession. The
behaviors are aimed at
preventing or reducing distress or
a feared situation.
Symptoms:
● Hoarding items
● Repeating actions or phrases
● Easily distressed by the things
around them
● Fear of losing control
Examples of compulsions:
● Cleaning to reduce the fear that
germs
● Repeating to dispel anxiety
● Checking to reduce the fear of
harming oneself or others
● Ordering and arranging to
reduce discomfort

Symptoms:
● Re-living the traumatic event
through distressing, unwanted
memories
● Avoiding reminders of the
traumatic event, including
activities, places, people that
bring back memories of the
trauma
● Negative thoughts and feelings
like fear, anger, guilt, or feeling
● Feeling wound-up. This might
mean having trouble sleeping or
concentrating, feeling angry or
irritable
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
is a set of reactions that can occur
after someone has been through a
traumatic event. In other word, it is a
disorder that develops in some
people who have experienced a
shocking, scary, or dangerous event.
Examples:
● Effects of war
● Childhood trauma
● Unpredicted incidents
● Unable to cope with loss
● Effects of experiencing
disasters

Schizophrenia Disorder
Speech disorder
Effective communication can be
impaired, and answers to questions may
be partially or completely unrelated.
Delusions
False beliefs that are not based
in reality.
Negative Symptoms
refer to the absence of normal behaviors found in
healthy individuals, such as emotional expression,
enthusiasm, interest of the world
Abnormal Motor Behaviour
Inappropriate or bizarre posture, a
complete lack of response, or
useless and excessive movement.
Aggression
This happens due to
delusions and
hallucinations which
results that individual to
react aggressively
towards others.Hallucinations
Seeing or hearing things that don't exist.

Antisocial Personality Disorder
Aggressive behavior
Hostility, significant
irritability, agitation,
aggression or violence
Destructive behavior: impulsive
and reckless, failing to consider
or disregarding the
consequences of their actions
Rule breaking
They may display arrogance, think
lowly and negatively of others
Attachments and
emotional bonds are weak,
and interpersonal
relationships often revolve
around the manipulation,
exploitation, and abuse of
othersAggression toward people

Borderline Personality Disorder
Viewing
yourself
negatively

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Spend much time daydreaming about achieving
power and success, or on their appearance.
React with rage or contempt and try
to belittle the other person to make
themselves appear superior.
Believe they can only associate
with equally special people.
Be envious of others and believe
others envy them.
Have an exaggerated
sense of self importance
and sense of self
entitlement.

Topic 6
Riddles Time - Guess Which Disorder

Second Scenario:
Tim is constantly thinking highly
of himself and he will try and
force his views and opinions on
others even though he knows he
is wrong. He will also be highly
defensive when he is confronted
with a mistake and he will start to
act aggressively towards others.
First Scenario:
My symptoms began in early adolescence, as I
quickly became aware that I was not like my peers.
Separation anxiety, fear of abandonment, self-harm
and emotional instability prevented me from
experiencing what should have been the typical life
of a teenager. I spent my days in isolation, not
understanding the overwhelming emotions that
attacked me from every side, often crying myself to
sleep wondering why the feelings just wouldn't go
away, and why I couldn't put a name to them.
Throughout my teens I failed to develop an identity,
falling behind academically, socially and
emotionally. It felt like I had got 'stuck' at age 11
when the problems began and that my body and
mind were developing but my sense of self and
capacity to regulate emotion lagged way behind. It
wasn't until I was ﬁnally diagnosed that I began to
realise what all these symptoms mean, and I was
ﬁnally able to start unpicking my past in order to
understand my present.
Borderline Personality Disorder

Scenario 1
Amanda is angry when
service in a restaurant is
poor, but instead of
complaining to the
management, Amanda
ruminates about how much
to leave as a tip.
Scenario 2
Karen visited the supermarket
without wearing a facial mask.
When confronted by workers,
she screamed and said that the
workers were harassing her and
violating laws. She make sure to
scream and throw things before
leaving the store.

Scenario 1
Mandy felt that she is constantly
watched and despised by her co-workers
in her workplace. She felt that others
weren’t pleased with how the manager
was nice to her on her ﬁrst week of the
job. Because of this, she fears that her
co-workers could be plotting a scheme
which could jeopardise her occupation
due to the intense environment there
and her constant perception on how she
is heavily disliked there.
Scenario 2
Randy stated that he began hearing
voices in his head during his school
times. He was a victim of bullying and
because of that unpleasant
experience, he noticed that “these
voices” directs him to harm others
such as assaulting others out of the
blue as self-defense although majority
of them do not have any form of
connection with him.

Scenario 2
Rayn does not have many friends,
but he has this one very best friend
named Kate. One day, Kate brought
her 2 year old niece, Lily and
introduce her to Rayn. They hang out
often and people around seem to
look at Rayn weirdly every time he is
with Kate and her niece. He knew Lily
for years, but at one point he
realised Lily doesn’t age at all. She
looked the same all those years.
Scenario 1
James always want to be the
centre of the conversation.If
he never get to be the
centre,he will feel
uncomfortable. His mood
always swing and will always
act aggressively during
conversation.
Histrionic Personality Disorder

Scenario 1
When Lily was 2 year old, her mom
neglected her and her dad
consumed drugs due to
schizophrenia and commit suicide.
Lily was left alone back then until
someone placed her at a foster
home. After some times, she were
adopted. During her primary school,
she was being sexually abused by her
friend’s brother. Lily then became
more aggressive, violent and rob the
bank.
Scenario 2
Lylia’s family had always
thought her to be different.
When she was young she often
distance herself from others.
She often spend a lot of time
alone in her thoughts. Because
of this, as she grew up, she had
no interest to maintain a close
relationship with others.

Your Depressed Moment. Give 2.

I felt depressed when it is a must for
me to go to tuition for all subjects
everyday after school, and even
weekends and school holidays. I did
not have the time to have a good rest,
struggle to sleep well and revised what
I had learned at school. Because of
that, I didn't really have any hobbies,
but just enjoyed my time very much
during physical educations; when I
won a lot of trophies and medals
during sport competitions; art class
and music class at school.
I felt depressed when I wasn’t allow to
use the computer and internet access
to do my homework as expected. But
then, the modern generation is
making students to use computer to
do the projects and searching for the
information. Because of that, I started
to get familiar with and develop the
skills by using the computers at the
library where students are free to
access before I have my own laptop.
And now, many people approach me
to solve their technical issues.

With Medication and Psychotherapy
What else a Bipolar Disorder Patients can do for
him or herself to manage their life better?

● Monitor and elevate your
mood
● Develop a schedule
● Sleep hygiene
● Limit stress
● Take your time in making
wise decisions
● Build a good support
network
● Join a support group
● Communicate openly
● Exercise frequently
● Find new hobbies
● Take time to relax
● Be more optimistic
● Avoid alcohol and drugs
● Take medications only as
prescribed
● Make a wellbeing plan
● Make a suicide safety plan

Abnormal Psychology

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