The document outlines the life and contributions of theorist Abdellah, who emphasized nursing as a comprehensive service aimed at addressing patients' total needs. It details her biography, key assumptions, and the development of a framework consisting of ten steps to identify clients' problems and specific nursing skills. Abdellah's theoretical work is significant in shaping nursing practice and education, focusing on a patient-centered approach and the integration of research in nursing care.

2. OUTLINE:
 Biography:background of the theorist
 Abdellah’s theory :nursing as comprehensive service.
 Major assumptions,concepts and relationship
 10 steps to identify clients problems
 1)nursing skills
 2)nursing problems nursing practice
 Metaparadigms
 Characteristics of theory
 nursing process and abdellahs theory
 exercise

3. INTRODUCTION
 Biography:
Born-march 13,1919 ,in new York city.
Educational achievement:
 In 1942,nursing diploma from fitkin memorials hospital,school of nursing new
jerky(now ann may school of nursing)
 Bachelors degree in nursing 1945,Columbia university
 Masters degree in physiology 1947,Columbia university
 Doctorate in education in teachers college ,1955,Columbia university
Accomplishment:
 Military nursing services
 Served 40 years in U.S.public health service,(PHS) commissioned corps,a
branch of military

4. Also Worked In U.S.Public Health Service,dept.Of Health And Human
Service,commissioned Corps,a Branch Of Military,washington,D.C.
• Chief Nurse Officer,head Nurse
• Deputy U.S. Surgeon General(1982)
Uniformed Services University Of Health Sciences:
• Founder And First Dean,graduate School Of Nursing
Yale University School Of Nursing
• Nursing Instructor
• Retired In 1989

5. RESEARCH:
 She was pioneer nursing researcher,helped to transform nursing theory,nursing
care and nursing education.
 Leader in nursing research
 Has over one hundred publications related to nursing care,education and
advanced practice in nursing and nursing research.
 Author of more than 147 articles and books.
 Assisted in international nursing research studies during the korean war(china
,japa,australia,russia)
 Abdellahs reseach findings led to first tested coronary care unit.
 Theory and research data led to the establishment of the office of long term
care.

6.  In 1960,desire to promote client –centered comprehensive nursing
care,described nursing as A service to individuals,to families to society.
 Acc.To her,nursing is based on an art and sience moulds the
attitudes,intellectual competencies and technical skills of the individual nursing
officer in to desire and ability to help people,sick or well ,cope with their
health needs.

7. Abdellah explained nursing as a
comprehensive service,which includes:
 Recognizing the nursing problems of the patient.
 Deciding the appropriate course of action.
 Providing continuous care of the individuals total needs.
 Providing continuous care to relieve pain and discomfort.
 Adjusting the total nursing care plan to meet the patients individual needs.
 Helping the individual to maintain healthy state of mind and body.
 Instructing nursing personnel and family to help the individual
 Helping the individual to adjust to his limitations and emotional problems.
 Working with allied health professions
 Carrying out continuous evaluation and research to improve nursing techniques and
to develop new techniques to meet the health needs of people.

8. MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS,CONCEPTS AND
RELATIONSHIP:
 The language of abdellahs framework is readable and clear.
 She uses the term ‘she’for nurses , ‘he’for doctors and patients,and refer to the
object of nursing as ‘patient’ rather than client or consumer.
 Referred to nursing diagnosis.
 Need to appreciate the interconnections of social enterprises and social
problems
 Impact of social problems i,e poverty,racism,pollution,education on health care
delivery.

9.  Changing nursing education
 Continuing education for professional nnurses
 Abdellah and colleagues developed a list of
 21 nursing problems
 10 step to identify the clients problems
 11 nursing skills
To be used in developing a treatment typology.

10. 10 steps to identify the clients
problems:
 Learn to know the patient.
 Sort out relevant and significant data.
 Make generalizations about available data.
 Identify the therapeutic plan.
 Test generalizations with the patient and make additional generalizations.
 Explore the patients and family's reaction .
 Discuss and develop a comprehensive nursing care plan.

11. 11 nursing skills
 Observation of health status.
 Skills of communication.
 Application of knowledge
 Teaching of patients and families.
 Planning and organizations of work.
 Use of personnel resources.
 Therapeutic use of the self.
 Nursing procedure.

12. 21 nursing problems
 Three majour categories
 Physical ,sociological,and emotional needs of clients
 Types of interpersonal relationship between the nurse and patient.
 Common elements of client care.

13. Basic to all patients:
 To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort.
 To promote optimal activity:exercise,rest and sleep.
 To promote safety through the prevention of accidents,injury,or other trauma
and through the prevention of the spread of infection
 To maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformity.

14. Ustential care needs
 To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen