The tundra has very cold winter temperatures averaging around -30 degrees Fahrenheit. In the summer, the sun shines all day and night, allowing a short growing season for plants with shallow roots like mosses, lichens, and cotton grass. Several animal species are well-adapted to survive in the harsh Arctic climate, such as the polar bear, arctic fox, and Norway lemming.

1. Tundra
By
Abby
www.freedigitalphotos.com

2. The winter temperatures average about -
30 degrees throughout most of the true
Arctic including the North Pole. The
coldest weather occurs in north-eastern
Siberia. There January temperatures
average -40 degrees , and have reached -
93degrees . Most other parts of Siberia and
the sub arctic sections of central Asia.

3. The reason
it is so cold
is because
It is so far
away from
the sun

4. Only the top
layer in the soil
can thaw in the
summer, which
doesn't allow
plants requiring
a deep root
structure to grow

5. In the summer,
the sun shines
all the time,
even at
midnight.

6. North pole
South pole
Antarctica
Alaska

7. It is widely known
that although no
‘normal’ human
beings live at The
North Pole,
‘magical’ people
do! The North Pole www.freeimages.com
is home to Santa
and his wife, and
all of his elf
helpers!

8. South pole has no
native
population or
permanent
residents, but
there are a
number of www.freeimages.com
researchers and
explorers who
stay for extended
periods.

9. Antarctica is
pushed into the
earth by the
weight of its ice
sheets If they
melted, it would
"spring back" www.freeimages.com
about 500m (1 625
ft). It would do this
very slowly taking
about 10,000 years
to do so

10. It is 2 times the size of Texas .
We have 29 volcanoes .
1,400 miles North to South.
2,700 miles East to West .
Over 1/2 the world's Glaciers.
55 miles east of Russia .
We are the only state to have
coastlines on three different
seas. www.freedigitalphotos.com
Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean
and Bering Sea.

11. Arctic willow
Arctic moss
bearberry
Caribou moss
Diamond-leaf willow

12. The arctic willow
grows to only about
15-20 cm in height. It
is very short because
of the short growing
season in the Arctic
and the frozen soil. It
has long trailing
branches that form
roots where they
touch the soil. The
arctic willow has the
ability to form a www.freedigitalphotos.com
pesticide to protect it
against insects.

13. The annual average water
temperature hovers just above 0°C,
reaching a maximum of only 4–6°C
at the height of summer. Nutrient
levels are also extremely low,
particularly nitrogen.

14. They were
used for
tobacco by the
Native
Americans,
who also used www.freedigitalphotos.com
the mealy red
berries for
food and
beverages.

15. Caribou moss
grows in arctic
regions around
the world. It
grows on the
ground and on www.freedigitalphotos.com
rocks. It looks
like a foamy,
gray-green
spongy mass,
and grows to be 1
to 4 inches high.

16. The twigs on a
willow are nice soft
and they bend
really easily. A
willow has very
www.freedigitalphotos.com
thin branches. The
leaves are quite
narrow and grow
very fast on the
branch.

17. Arctic Fox
penguin
Polar bear
Norway lemming

18. The arctic fox lives
farther north than
any other fox. The
arctic fox can hunt
Norway lemming
that they can't see
under the snow, www.freeimages.com
but if the arctic fox
can't kill enough to
eat, it will eat
leftovers from
other animals.

19. Penguins are birds
that cant fly.
Instead they fly
through the water.
Their wings make
them fast.
The torpedo shape
of their body helps
them swim at good
high speeds.
Penguins have two www.freeimages.com
eggs.

20. Polar bears live
along shores and
on sea ice in the
icy cold Arctic.
When sea ice
comes over the
ocean in cold icy
www.freeimages.com
weather, many
polar bears,
except females
having babies.

21. The Norway
lemming is a
common type of
lemming found
in the tundras.
Its scientific
name is lemmus
lemmus.

22. Polar bear
Norway lemming Arctic bunny
lichens perennial Cotton grass