This document provides the specification for 43 grade ordinary Portland cement. It outlines the requirements for the manufacture, chemical composition, physical properties, testing methods, and other details of the cement. The key points are:
- It specifies the chemical composition and limits for things like lime, silica, alumina, iron oxide, magnesia, sulphur content, and loss on ignition.
- The physical requirements include a minimum fineness of 225 m2/kg, soundness limits of 10mm and 0.8% via Le-Chatelier and autoclave tests, and setting time and compressive strength requirements.
- It describes the appropriate testing standards for determining these chemical and physical properties.
This document is the Indian Standard (IS 458:2003) for precast concrete pipes. It provides specifications for reinforced and unreinforced concrete pipes used for water mains, sewers, culverts, and irrigation. The standard covers material requirements, classifications, design considerations, and testing parameters. Concrete pipes are classified based on reinforcement and intended use for pressure or non-pressure applications. The document specifies requirements for cement, aggregates, reinforcement, concrete mix design, and other materials. It provides minimum dimensions and reinforcement levels for different pipe classes and manufacturing methods.
The document summarizes Indian Standard IS-4634:1991, which provides a method for testing the performance of batch-type concrete mixers. The standard describes testing the uniformity of concrete mixes by analyzing the variation in cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate between halves and batches. Concrete mixes use specified proportions, and materials must meet certain standards. Performance is assessed by calculating the percentage variation between sample ingredients, which should not exceed limits of 8% for cement and coarse aggregates, and 6% for fine aggregates.
This document specifies requirements for steel pipes, tubes, and fittings intended for various applications including boilers, pressure vessels, and structural uses. It covers acceptable manufacturing methods, quality standards, testing requirements, and approval processes. Key points include:
- Pipes can be manufactured via seamless or welded processes and may be hot or cold finished. Welded pipes use electrical resistance, induction, or submerged arc welding depending on the steel grade.
- All pipes must have a workmanlike finish and be free of defects. They will undergo visual inspection, dimensional checks, and non-destructive testing as specified.
- Each pipe must pass a hydrostatic pressure test at the manufacturer. Test pressures vary according
This document outlines specifications for structural steel intended for ship construction. It covers steel plates, shapes, bars, and rivets in various strength grades. The document specifies chemical composition requirements and acceptable manufacturing and heat treatment processes for each grade. It also provides requirements for ordering, chemical analysis, metallurgical structure, and impact testing based on steel grade and product thickness.
This document provides the specification for 39 grades of titanium and titanium alloy forgings according to ASME SB-381. It outlines the scope and grades covered, references related documents, defines terminology, and specifies ordering information, materials and manufacture, chemical composition requirements and tolerances, sampling methods for analysis, and tensile properties requirements. The specification is identical to ASTM Specification B381-10e1 and provides the standard requirements for titanium alloy forgings.
This document outlines British Standard BS 1881-116 from 1983 which provides the method for determining the compressive strength of concrete cubes. It describes the necessary apparatus, test specimens, procedures, type of failure, and calculations. The standard has been revised and amended since its original publication.
This document provides the full text of the Indian Standard IS 456:2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. Some key details include:
- It establishes standards and guidelines for the design, materials, workmanship, construction, and testing of plain and reinforced concrete structures.
- Major revisions from previous versions include expanded guidance on durability requirements, modified acceptance criteria for concrete, and the inclusion of higher strength concrete grades.
- It contains sections on materials, design considerations, structural design principles, and testing/inspection. The limit state and working stress methods for structural design are both included.
Plain and-reinforced-concrete(IS 456 2000)Parvez Alam
This document provides the full text of the Indian Standard IS 456:2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. It includes sections on materials, workmanship, inspection and testing of concrete structures. It also covers general design considerations and special design requirements for structural elements. The standard was revised in 2000 to incorporate changes related to durability, mix proportioning, environmental exposure conditions, and other aspects of concrete design and construction. It establishes requirements for the structural design of concrete structures using both working stress and limit state methods.
This document is the Indian Standard (IS 458:2003) for precast concrete pipes. It provides specifications for reinforced and unreinforced concrete pipes used for water mains, sewers, culverts, and irrigation. The standard covers material requirements, classifications, design considerations, and testing parameters. Concrete pipes are classified based on reinforcement and intended use for pressure or non-pressure applications. The document specifies requirements for cement, aggregates, reinforcement, concrete mix design, and other materials. It provides minimum dimensions and reinforcement levels for different pipe classes and manufacturing methods.
The document summarizes Indian Standard IS-4634:1991, which provides a method for testing the performance of batch-type concrete mixers. The standard describes testing the uniformity of concrete mixes by analyzing the variation in cement, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate between halves and batches. Concrete mixes use specified proportions, and materials must meet certain standards. Performance is assessed by calculating the percentage variation between sample ingredients, which should not exceed limits of 8% for cement and coarse aggregates, and 6% for fine aggregates.
This document specifies requirements for steel pipes, tubes, and fittings intended for various applications including boilers, pressure vessels, and structural uses. It covers acceptable manufacturing methods, quality standards, testing requirements, and approval processes. Key points include:
- Pipes can be manufactured via seamless or welded processes and may be hot or cold finished. Welded pipes use electrical resistance, induction, or submerged arc welding depending on the steel grade.
- All pipes must have a workmanlike finish and be free of defects. They will undergo visual inspection, dimensional checks, and non-destructive testing as specified.
- Each pipe must pass a hydrostatic pressure test at the manufacturer. Test pressures vary according
This document outlines specifications for structural steel intended for ship construction. It covers steel plates, shapes, bars, and rivets in various strength grades. The document specifies chemical composition requirements and acceptable manufacturing and heat treatment processes for each grade. It also provides requirements for ordering, chemical analysis, metallurgical structure, and impact testing based on steel grade and product thickness.
This document provides the specification for 39 grades of titanium and titanium alloy forgings according to ASME SB-381. It outlines the scope and grades covered, references related documents, defines terminology, and specifies ordering information, materials and manufacture, chemical composition requirements and tolerances, sampling methods for analysis, and tensile properties requirements. The specification is identical to ASTM Specification B381-10e1 and provides the standard requirements for titanium alloy forgings.
This document outlines British Standard BS 1881-116 from 1983 which provides the method for determining the compressive strength of concrete cubes. It describes the necessary apparatus, test specimens, procedures, type of failure, and calculations. The standard has been revised and amended since its original publication.
This document provides the full text of the Indian Standard IS 456:2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. Some key details include:
- It establishes standards and guidelines for the design, materials, workmanship, construction, and testing of plain and reinforced concrete structures.
- Major revisions from previous versions include expanded guidance on durability requirements, modified acceptance criteria for concrete, and the inclusion of higher strength concrete grades.
- It contains sections on materials, design considerations, structural design principles, and testing/inspection. The limit state and working stress methods for structural design are both included.
Plain and-reinforced-concrete(IS 456 2000)Parvez Alam
This document provides the full text of the Indian Standard IS 456:2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. It includes sections on materials, workmanship, inspection and testing of concrete structures. It also covers general design considerations and special design requirements for structural elements. The standard was revised in 2000 to incorporate changes related to durability, mix proportioning, environmental exposure conditions, and other aspects of concrete design and construction. It establishes requirements for the structural design of concrete structures using both working stress and limit state methods.
This document describes three methods for accelerated curing of concrete test cubes at 35°C, 55°C, and 82°C. The 35°C method involves curing test cubes submerged in a water tank maintained at 35°C ± 2°C for 24 hours. The 55°C method cures cubes at 55°C ± 2°C for at least 19.5 hours then cools them for 1-2 hours at 20°C ± 5°C. The 82°C method raises water in a curing tank to 82°C ± 2°C within 2 hours, holds it for 14 hours, then discharges the water after testing the hot cubes within 1 hour. All methods allow determining concrete
The document summarizes international standards regarding weld proximity. Several standards specify minimum distances between weld toes, generally 4 times the thickness of the welded parts. BS 2633 states weld toes of adjacent butt welds on ferritic steel pipework should be at least 4 times the pipe thickness and to avoid attachment welds crossing existing welds closer than twice the thickness or 40mm. BS 4515 also specifies a minimum toe-to-toe distance of 4 times the pipe thickness for steel pipelines. BS 2971 notes appropriate precautions shall be agreed upon if more than two welded seams cannot be avoided on carbon steel pipework.
This document provides standards and procedures for making test cubes from fresh concrete. It specifies requirements for moulds, including tolerances on dimensions and flatness for new and used moulds. The process for making cubes is also outlined, including filling the mould in layers and compacting each layer using a compacting bar or vibrator. Details must be reported such as sampling information, compaction method used, and cube identification.
This document outlines specifications for steel castings made of austenitic manganese steel and alloy modifications. It specifies the chemical composition requirements, heat treatment processes, permissible repairs by welding, and optional supplementary testing requirements such as bend tests. The standard is intended to ensure castings meet requirements for toughness, ductility and other properties by specifying allowed chemical compositions and procedures for processing the material.
The document outlines a method for determining the water absorption of concrete specimens cored from structures or precast components. It describes preparing three core specimens, drying them, weighing them before and after immersion in water, and calculating the water absorption percentage. Corrections are made to the measured absorption based on the length of the core specimen.
This document provides specifications for concrete batching and mixing plants. It outlines requirements for the plant components and systems. The plant must be capable of accurately batching and mixing materials like cement, fine and coarse aggregates, water, and admixtures. Storage bins are required for these materials. The batching equipment must weigh materials to within specified tolerances. The plant capacity must match the mixer size and be at least 100 cubic meters of concrete per hour.
This document provides standards and procedures for mixing and sampling fresh concrete in the laboratory. It describes how to prepare constituent materials, batch quantities, mix concrete using machine or hand mixing, and take samples for testing. The key steps include weighing materials accurately, mixing to uniform consistency, and sampling within 1 hour of mixing without remixing. Modifications must be reported in detail. The report documents the date, materials, mix design, mixing method, any changes, and samples taken.
This document provides standards for measuring dry film coating thickness on metal substrates using nondestructive coating thickness gages. It describes procedures for calibrating and verifying gages, obtaining measurements, and determining conformance to specified thickness requirements. The standard defines requirements for the number of measurement spots needed to determine the thickness of a coating on a given area. It also provides guidance on assessing nonconforming coating thicknesses.
This document outlines revisions made to the Indian Standard for ready-mixed concrete. Some key changes include:
- Rationalizing definitions and adding new terms
- Bringing material requirements in line with other concrete standards
- Introducing minimum testing frequencies for aggregates and water
- Modifying the basis of supply to align with other standards
- Making transportation time uniformly 2 hours
- Adding clauses on production/delivery, quality control, and order processing
This document provides recommendations for measuring the dynamic modulus of elasticity of plain concrete specimens in a laboratory. It outlines the test method, which involves applying a variable frequency force to a prismatic concrete sample and measuring its resonant frequency. This frequency is then used in an equation to calculate the dynamic modulus of elasticity. The document specifies the required test apparatus, sample preparation procedures, measurement and calculation methods, and reporting requirements.
This document is a British Standard specification for carbon steel welded horizontal cylindrical storage tanks. It provides requirements for design, construction, materials, welding, testing and other aspects of the tanks. The standard includes dimensions and capacities for a range of tank sizes with dished and flanged ends, suitable for both above-ground and underground storage of liquids. It specifies minimum plate thicknesses for shells, ends and compartments. The tanks are intended for static storage of petroleum and chemical products vented to the atmosphere, and can withstand internal pressures up to 0.4 bar and vacuums of 10 mbar.
This 9-page document summarizes testing of steel and tower welding parts to ASTM A36 and A123 standards. Key points:
- Chemical and mechanical tests were conducted on steel samples to evaluate properties like carbon content, tensile strength, and coating thickness.
- Coating thickness on the steel averaged 86μm and 94μm on welding parts, meeting the minimum thickness grades required in Table 1.
- The zinc coating was continuous and reasonably smooth/uniform, with allowances made for design factors. It withstood normal handling without peeling.
- All test results indicated the samples passed requirements for chemical composition, tensile strength, coating properties, and appearance under the ASTM standards.
This document provides information on best practices for maintaining a concrete batching plant and producing quality concrete. It discusses guidelines from various concrete and construction organizations for proper batching, mixing, transporting and placing concrete. Specific recommendations are provided for accurately measuring and batching materials, calibrating equipment, conducting quality control tests, and ensuring consistent concrete production. Adherence to the maintenance, testing and documentation procedures outlined in the document helps optimize batch plant operations and prevents variations in concrete performance.
This document provides the methods of testing for determining the normal consistency and setting time of gypsum plaster and concrete. It outlines two methods for determining setting time - one using a Vicat apparatus and the other using a potentiometer. The standard specifies the equipment needed, including a modified Vicat apparatus, consistometer, and Vicat mould. It describes the procedures for conducting tests to determine normal consistency and setting time in accordance with the standard.
This document outlines specifications for steel castings suitable for fusion welding and intended for high-temperature service. It specifies three grades of steel (WCA, WCB, WCC) based on mechanical properties and chemical composition. The castings must meet visual inspection standards and can be subjected to additional non-destructive testing. Welding repairs are allowed if procedures and personnel are qualified and the repairs meet the same inspection standards as the original casting. Heat treatment is required and must be suitable for the casting design and steel grade. Dimensional and chemical tolerances are provided for each grade.
The document is an Indian Standard specification for hot applied sealing compounds for joints in concrete structures. It provides:
- An overview of the specification's scope and purpose in summarizing the key properties required of sealing compounds.
- Details on the physical requirements and test methods for two grades (A and B) of sealing compounds. Grade B provides additional fuel resistance.
- Procedures for sampling, marking, and several test methods appendixes including pour point, flow, and aviation fuel resistance tests.
This document describes a British standard test method for determining the static modulus of elasticity in compression of hardened concrete. It provides definitions, requirements for test specimens and apparatus, procedures for casting/preparing specimens, conducting compressive strength and elasticity tests, and calculating results. The method involves applying a stress range from 0.5 MPa to one-third of the concrete's compressive strength, while measuring strain to determine the secant modulus of elasticity.
The document discusses the Superpave performance graded specification for asphalt binders. The specification grades asphalt binders based on the climate and expected pavement temperatures. A variety of tests are used to evaluate the binder properties related to different distresses at different temperatures. The rotational viscosity test evaluates workability at construction temperatures. The dynamic shear rheometer test evaluates rutting resistance at high in-service temperatures after both short-term aging from mixing and long-term aging. The bending beam rheometer and direct tension tests evaluate stiffness and strength respectively at low in-service temperatures. Conditioning such as short-term aging with the rolling thin film oven test and long-term aging with the pressure aging vessel better simulate
LSG is a Belgium-based company that has been active in the initiation, due diligence, development and management of renewable energy projects since 2007, focusing on Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States and Africa. They have identified and managed the development of four wind farm projects totaling 150MW, and evaluated and performed due diligence for over 30 wind farms totaling over 2000MW. Currently, LSG is leading the development of a 200MW wind farm project in Nigeria in partnership with PwC for the Nigerian Government.
This document provides guidelines for creating embroidered and laser cut emblems. It discusses acceptable artwork formats, emblem sizes that fit templates, types of embroidery including stitch types and coverage, recommended fabrics and threads, guidelines for garments, minimum sizes for embroidery and laser cutting elements, and how to include registered or trademark symbols.
Simple steps you can use to improve your company website's SEO, including how blogging and social media can improve your search engine rank. A beginner's guide to understanding SEO.
In her last vacation, Jenny Karina Cagua Serrano visited Girardot with her family where the hot weather provided a healthy environment full of flora and fauna. She explored incredible places, enjoyed exquisite meals, had dinner at her aunt's house, went to a party with her sister and cousin, and relaxed at the hotel listening to music before being happy to return home.
This document describes three methods for accelerated curing of concrete test cubes at 35°C, 55°C, and 82°C. The 35°C method involves curing test cubes submerged in a water tank maintained at 35°C ± 2°C for 24 hours. The 55°C method cures cubes at 55°C ± 2°C for at least 19.5 hours then cools them for 1-2 hours at 20°C ± 5°C. The 82°C method raises water in a curing tank to 82°C ± 2°C within 2 hours, holds it for 14 hours, then discharges the water after testing the hot cubes within 1 hour. All methods allow determining concrete
The document summarizes international standards regarding weld proximity. Several standards specify minimum distances between weld toes, generally 4 times the thickness of the welded parts. BS 2633 states weld toes of adjacent butt welds on ferritic steel pipework should be at least 4 times the pipe thickness and to avoid attachment welds crossing existing welds closer than twice the thickness or 40mm. BS 4515 also specifies a minimum toe-to-toe distance of 4 times the pipe thickness for steel pipelines. BS 2971 notes appropriate precautions shall be agreed upon if more than two welded seams cannot be avoided on carbon steel pipework.
This document provides standards and procedures for making test cubes from fresh concrete. It specifies requirements for moulds, including tolerances on dimensions and flatness for new and used moulds. The process for making cubes is also outlined, including filling the mould in layers and compacting each layer using a compacting bar or vibrator. Details must be reported such as sampling information, compaction method used, and cube identification.
This document outlines specifications for steel castings made of austenitic manganese steel and alloy modifications. It specifies the chemical composition requirements, heat treatment processes, permissible repairs by welding, and optional supplementary testing requirements such as bend tests. The standard is intended to ensure castings meet requirements for toughness, ductility and other properties by specifying allowed chemical compositions and procedures for processing the material.
The document outlines a method for determining the water absorption of concrete specimens cored from structures or precast components. It describes preparing three core specimens, drying them, weighing them before and after immersion in water, and calculating the water absorption percentage. Corrections are made to the measured absorption based on the length of the core specimen.
This document provides specifications for concrete batching and mixing plants. It outlines requirements for the plant components and systems. The plant must be capable of accurately batching and mixing materials like cement, fine and coarse aggregates, water, and admixtures. Storage bins are required for these materials. The batching equipment must weigh materials to within specified tolerances. The plant capacity must match the mixer size and be at least 100 cubic meters of concrete per hour.
This document provides standards and procedures for mixing and sampling fresh concrete in the laboratory. It describes how to prepare constituent materials, batch quantities, mix concrete using machine or hand mixing, and take samples for testing. The key steps include weighing materials accurately, mixing to uniform consistency, and sampling within 1 hour of mixing without remixing. Modifications must be reported in detail. The report documents the date, materials, mix design, mixing method, any changes, and samples taken.
This document provides standards for measuring dry film coating thickness on metal substrates using nondestructive coating thickness gages. It describes procedures for calibrating and verifying gages, obtaining measurements, and determining conformance to specified thickness requirements. The standard defines requirements for the number of measurement spots needed to determine the thickness of a coating on a given area. It also provides guidance on assessing nonconforming coating thicknesses.
This document outlines revisions made to the Indian Standard for ready-mixed concrete. Some key changes include:
- Rationalizing definitions and adding new terms
- Bringing material requirements in line with other concrete standards
- Introducing minimum testing frequencies for aggregates and water
- Modifying the basis of supply to align with other standards
- Making transportation time uniformly 2 hours
- Adding clauses on production/delivery, quality control, and order processing
This document provides recommendations for measuring the dynamic modulus of elasticity of plain concrete specimens in a laboratory. It outlines the test method, which involves applying a variable frequency force to a prismatic concrete sample and measuring its resonant frequency. This frequency is then used in an equation to calculate the dynamic modulus of elasticity. The document specifies the required test apparatus, sample preparation procedures, measurement and calculation methods, and reporting requirements.
This document is a British Standard specification for carbon steel welded horizontal cylindrical storage tanks. It provides requirements for design, construction, materials, welding, testing and other aspects of the tanks. The standard includes dimensions and capacities for a range of tank sizes with dished and flanged ends, suitable for both above-ground and underground storage of liquids. It specifies minimum plate thicknesses for shells, ends and compartments. The tanks are intended for static storage of petroleum and chemical products vented to the atmosphere, and can withstand internal pressures up to 0.4 bar and vacuums of 10 mbar.
This 9-page document summarizes testing of steel and tower welding parts to ASTM A36 and A123 standards. Key points:
- Chemical and mechanical tests were conducted on steel samples to evaluate properties like carbon content, tensile strength, and coating thickness.
- Coating thickness on the steel averaged 86μm and 94μm on welding parts, meeting the minimum thickness grades required in Table 1.
- The zinc coating was continuous and reasonably smooth/uniform, with allowances made for design factors. It withstood normal handling without peeling.
- All test results indicated the samples passed requirements for chemical composition, tensile strength, coating properties, and appearance under the ASTM standards.
This document provides information on best practices for maintaining a concrete batching plant and producing quality concrete. It discusses guidelines from various concrete and construction organizations for proper batching, mixing, transporting and placing concrete. Specific recommendations are provided for accurately measuring and batching materials, calibrating equipment, conducting quality control tests, and ensuring consistent concrete production. Adherence to the maintenance, testing and documentation procedures outlined in the document helps optimize batch plant operations and prevents variations in concrete performance.
This document provides the methods of testing for determining the normal consistency and setting time of gypsum plaster and concrete. It outlines two methods for determining setting time - one using a Vicat apparatus and the other using a potentiometer. The standard specifies the equipment needed, including a modified Vicat apparatus, consistometer, and Vicat mould. It describes the procedures for conducting tests to determine normal consistency and setting time in accordance with the standard.
This document outlines specifications for steel castings suitable for fusion welding and intended for high-temperature service. It specifies three grades of steel (WCA, WCB, WCC) based on mechanical properties and chemical composition. The castings must meet visual inspection standards and can be subjected to additional non-destructive testing. Welding repairs are allowed if procedures and personnel are qualified and the repairs meet the same inspection standards as the original casting. Heat treatment is required and must be suitable for the casting design and steel grade. Dimensional and chemical tolerances are provided for each grade.
The document is an Indian Standard specification for hot applied sealing compounds for joints in concrete structures. It provides:
- An overview of the specification's scope and purpose in summarizing the key properties required of sealing compounds.
- Details on the physical requirements and test methods for two grades (A and B) of sealing compounds. Grade B provides additional fuel resistance.
- Procedures for sampling, marking, and several test methods appendixes including pour point, flow, and aviation fuel resistance tests.
This document describes a British standard test method for determining the static modulus of elasticity in compression of hardened concrete. It provides definitions, requirements for test specimens and apparatus, procedures for casting/preparing specimens, conducting compressive strength and elasticity tests, and calculating results. The method involves applying a stress range from 0.5 MPa to one-third of the concrete's compressive strength, while measuring strain to determine the secant modulus of elasticity.
The document discusses the Superpave performance graded specification for asphalt binders. The specification grades asphalt binders based on the climate and expected pavement temperatures. A variety of tests are used to evaluate the binder properties related to different distresses at different temperatures. The rotational viscosity test evaluates workability at construction temperatures. The dynamic shear rheometer test evaluates rutting resistance at high in-service temperatures after both short-term aging from mixing and long-term aging. The bending beam rheometer and direct tension tests evaluate stiffness and strength respectively at low in-service temperatures. Conditioning such as short-term aging with the rolling thin film oven test and long-term aging with the pressure aging vessel better simulate
LSG is a Belgium-based company that has been active in the initiation, due diligence, development and management of renewable energy projects since 2007, focusing on Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States and Africa. They have identified and managed the development of four wind farm projects totaling 150MW, and evaluated and performed due diligence for over 30 wind farms totaling over 2000MW. Currently, LSG is leading the development of a 200MW wind farm project in Nigeria in partnership with PwC for the Nigerian Government.
This document provides guidelines for creating embroidered and laser cut emblems. It discusses acceptable artwork formats, emblem sizes that fit templates, types of embroidery including stitch types and coverage, recommended fabrics and threads, guidelines for garments, minimum sizes for embroidery and laser cutting elements, and how to include registered or trademark symbols.
Simple steps you can use to improve your company website's SEO, including how blogging and social media can improve your search engine rank. A beginner's guide to understanding SEO.
In her last vacation, Jenny Karina Cagua Serrano visited Girardot with her family where the hot weather provided a healthy environment full of flora and fauna. She explored incredible places, enjoyed exquisite meals, had dinner at her aunt's house, went to a party with her sister and cousin, and relaxed at the hotel listening to music before being happy to return home.
Cristobal Colón was born in Genoa, Italy and was an important marine admiral. He gained fame for discovering America after receiving financing from Catholic King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella for an expedition seeking a new trade route to Asia. On August 3rd, 1492, Colón set sail from Palos, Spain with three ships - the Niña, Pinta, and Santa María - and after a difficult journey with scarce food and sick crew, he made landfall in Guanahaní, which he incorrectly believed to be Asia and called the locals "Indians." Upon his return to Spain on January 15th, 1493, he brought goods and indigenous people to show the Catholic monarchs
Jenny spent her last vacation in Girardot with her family where the weather was very hot. She visited incredible places, tasted exquisite food, had dinner at her aunt's house, and went to a party with her sister and cousin. While listening to music at the hotel, she had an enjoyable vacation and returned home happy.
The white paper analyzes how investment portfolios may perform in a rising interest rate environment based on a case study of the US Federal Reserve's interest rate actions from 1982 to 2015. It identifies 5 periods of rising rates and finds that equities generally performed better when rates rose slowly, while performance was more complex when rates rose rapidly. The paper recommends strategies for protecting and enhancing portfolios, such as adjusting allocations to equities, fixed income, and currencies based on factors like an individual investor's risk tolerance.
In her last vacation, Jenny Karina Cagua Serrano visited Girardot with her family where the hot weather provided a healthy environment full of flora and fauna. She explored incredible places, enjoyed exquisite meals, had dinner at her aunt's house, went to a party with her sister and cousin, and relaxed at the hotel listening to music before being happy to return home.
Este documento presenta un trabajo final integrador para optar al título de [título al que opta] en la Universidad Adventista de Chile. El trabajo aborda [tema estudiado], utilizando un enfoque [tipo de investigación] y una metodología [metodología]. La investigación se realizó con una muestra de [población de estudio]. Los resultados principales muestran [resumen breve de los resultados obtenidos].
This document outlines Lion Brother's sales presentation strategy which includes using standardized marketing tools like screwpost portfolios, sample garments, and digital follow up. It recommends presenting samples in a portfolio that can be customized for each client and leaving samples behind in durable plastic portfolios to fuel creativity. Sources and pricing are provided for portfolios, plastic envelopes, sample garments, and digital marketing services like MailChimp and Constant Contact.
This document provides the specification for 43 grade ordinary Portland cement. It outlines the requirements for the manufacture, chemical composition, physical properties, packaging, and certification. The chemical composition must meet the requirements in Table 1. The physical properties include a minimum fineness, limits on soundness, setting times, and compressive strengths at various ages. There are also notes on additional tests, limits on chlorides, and the option to agree on additional requirements between the purchaser and supplier.
This document outlines specifications for nine classes of carbon steel billets, blooms, slabs, and bars intended for forgings. It specifies requirements for chemical composition, mechanical properties, dimensional tolerances, freedom from defects, sampling procedures, and testing methods. The standard aims to ensure the materials meet the needs of users for various forgings applications.
This document provides guidelines for proportioning concrete mixes of various grades, including ordinary, standard, high strength, self-compacting, and mass concrete. It outlines the data required for mix proportioning, including materials used, strength requirements, workability, and exposure conditions. It describes how to select the target mean strength based on the characteristic strength and standard deviation. Procedures are provided for calculating the standard deviation based on test results or assuming a value. The document also gives recommendations for selecting the initial water-cement ratio based on the design strength and type of cement. Mix proportioning methods are described for different concrete grades.
This document provides guidelines for proportioning concrete mixes of various grades and types according to requirements. It covers proportioning of ordinary, standard and high strength concrete as well as self-compacting and mass concrete. The guidelines include determining the target mean strength based on factors like characteristic strength, grade of concrete and standard deviation. The data required for mix proportioning is outlined, including type of cement, aggregates, admixtures, workability and exposure conditions. Methods for calculating standard deviation and selecting initial water-cement ratio are also described. Illustrative examples are provided for different concrete types in annexes.
This document provides the code of practice for the preparation and use of lime concrete according to Indian Standard IS 2541 from 1991. It outlines the appropriate materials for lime concrete including types of lime, cement, aggregates and water. It recommends mix proportions and provides guidance on workability, strength development, and laying of lime concrete for different applications such as foundations and floor finishes. The standard aims to guide the use of lime concrete based on existing knowledge and experience.
This document provides the specification for prestressed concrete poles used in overhead power transmission and telecommunication lines. It outlines various definitions related to pole design loads and failure conditions. It specifies requirements for materials like cement, aggregates, prestressing steel, and concrete strength. It also describes design considerations such as minimum depth of planting, transverse strength, and load factors. The document outlines manufacturing requirements including placement of reinforcement, prestressing, curing, and earthing. It specifies tests to be conducted during and after manufacture along with sampling and inspection criteria.
This document provides guidelines for the preparation and use of lime-pozzolana mixture concrete in buildings and roads. It discusses recommended mix proportions, materials, design considerations, strength characteristics, and preparation methods. Lime-pozzolana concrete has desirable properties such as low shrinkage, good workability, durability, and bond strength comparable to lean cement concrete. It can be used in foundations, floors, roofs, blocks, and as a base layer in composite road pavements. Compressive strength requirements vary from 1-4 MPa depending on the application.
This document provides the specification for cement concrete flooring tiles in India. It outlines the various types of tiles covered (plain cement, plain colored, terrazzo), classes based on duty (general purpose, heavy duty), materials used, dimensions, tolerances, testing methods, and other quality requirements. The revision updates certain provisions based on experience and comments received, including allowing a larger wearing layer thickness and modifying the abrasion resistance test method. It aims to improve quality while keeping requirements relevant to indigenous manufacturers.
This document is the Indian Standard specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for use in concrete. It outlines various requirements for aggregates including limits on deleterious materials, aggregate crushing value, impact value, abrasion value, and soundness. It defines terms related to aggregates and specifies four grading zones for fine aggregates of different particle sizes. The standard is intended to ensure aggregates are suitable for producing durable concrete structures.
This document provides guidelines for proportioning concrete mixes according to the requirements of Indian Standard IS 10262. It discusses the data required for mix proportioning including target strength, selection of water-cement ratio and water content. It provides tables to determine coarse aggregate content and maximum water content based on the nominal maximum size of aggregate. The standard deviation is discussed for calculating the target mean strength. Trial mixes are recommended to confirm the mix proportions meet the requirements for strength, workability and durability. The guidelines aim to achieve the specified concrete characteristics at the specified age and exposure conditions in a cost effective manner.
This document provides guidelines for proportioning concrete mixes according to the requirements of Indian Standard IS 10262:2009. It discusses the data required for mix proportioning including target strength, selection of water-cement ratio and water content. It also describes the estimation of coarse aggregate proportion and fine aggregate content. Trial mixes are recommended to establish the relationships between strength, workability and mix proportions for local materials. The guidelines are applicable for proportioning ordinary and standard grade concretes.
This document is the Indian Standard specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for use in concrete. It outlines the requirements and limits for quality parameters like deleterious materials, aggregate crushing value, impact value, abrasion value and soundness. It defines terms related to aggregates and specifies four grading zones for fine aggregates of progressively finer sizes. The standard is intended to cover aggregates commonly available in India for general structural and mass concrete construction.
This document is the Indian Standard code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete. It provides requirements and guidelines for materials, workmanship, inspection, testing, and the general design of concrete structures. The summary highlights some key changes between this fourth revision and previous versions, including more detailed guidance on durability design, new concrete grades over M40, modified acceptance criteria, and additional recommendations for structural analysis.
This document is the Indian Standard code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete. It provides requirements and guidelines for materials, workmanship, inspection, testing, and the general design of concrete structures. The summary includes:
- It is the fourth revision of the Indian Standard code of practice for concrete design and construction.
- Major revisions include expanded guidance on durability design and requirements to improve the durability of concrete structures.
- Acceptance criteria for concrete have been simplified based on British Standards.
- Additional guidance is provided for higher strength concretes, workability, mix design, formwork, reinforcement, placing, compaction and curing of concrete.
- The general design considerations section provides
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43gradeopc
1. . .
-r
IS 8112:1989
Indian Standard
43 GRADE ORDINARY PORTLAND
CEMENT - SPECIFICATION
( Firs-t Revision )
UDC 666.942.2
0 BIS 1990
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC3
NEW DELHI 110002
May 1990 Price Group 4
2. Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, CED 2
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on30 October
1989, after the draft finalized by the Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved
by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
This standard was first published in 1976 under the title ‘Specification for high strength ordinary
Portland cement’. Since publication of this standard, large number of amendments have been issued
from time to time in order to modify various requirements based on experience gained with the use
of the standard and the requirements of the users and also keeping in view the raw materials and fuel
available in the country for manufacture of cement. The important amendments include increasing the
value of total loss on ignition from 4 to 5 percent, modifying the requirement of total sulphur content
calculated as sulphuric anhydride ( SOa ) reducing the fineness by specific surface of cement from 350
ma/kg to 225 ma/kg, making autoclave soundness test compulsory irrespective of magnesia content,
incorporating a provision for retest in respect of autoclave soundness test after aeration of the
cement, incorporating a clause on false set of cement, permitting packaging of cement in 25 kg bags
and making compulsory provision for issuing a certificate indicating the total chloride content in*
cement. Further, in view of the decision to designate ordinary Portland cement by its 28-day compressive
strength, the title of this standard was modified as ‘43 grade ordinary Portland cement -Specification’.
In view of these large number of amendments, the Sectional Committee decided to bring out tic tust
revision of the standard incorporating all these amendments, so as to make it more convenient or the
users.
This specification intends to cover the requirements of ordinary Portland cement used for the manu-
facture of prestressed concrete sleepers also. Some requirements of 43 grade ordinary Portland cement
for uses, such as, manufacture of railway sleepers and precast products may be agreed to between the
purchaser and the supplier.
Mass of cement packed in bags and the tolerance requirements shall be in accordance with thorelevant
provisions of the Standards of Weights and Measures ( Packaged Commodities ) Rufes, 1977 ani! B-1.2
( see Annex B for information ). Any modification in these rules in respect of tolerance 01~ mass of
cement would apply automatically to this standard.
X.
This standard contains 11.4.1 which permits the purchaser to use his option for testing and 6.1, 6.5,
9.2.1 and 9.3 which call for agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
In the formulation of this standard considerable assistance has been rendered by National Council for
Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi as many of these modifications are based on studies c;+rriej
out by them.
The composition of the committee responsible for the formulation of this stai>d:ird is given ;!!
Annex C.
For the purpose of deciding whether a parriculat requirement of this standard is complied with, the
final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rountfcd off in
accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off nurnerlcal vaiues ( revised )‘. The rl.unaber of
significant places retained in the rounded otT value shou!d he the same as that of the specified value in
this standard.
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IS 8Il2 ‘:1989
Indian Standard
43 GRADE ORDINARY PORTLAND
CEMENT- SPECIFICATION
( First Revision)
1 SCOPE Table 1 Chemical Requirements for High
I.1 This standard covers the manufacture, chemi-
Strength Portland Cement
cal and physical requirements of 43 grade ordinary ( &use 5.1 )
Portland cement. S1No. Characteristic Reaolrement
2 REFERENCES
(1) (2) - (3)
i) Ratio of percentage of
lime to percentages of
Not greater than 1.02
and not less than 0.66
2.1 The Indian Standards listed in Annex A are
necessary adjuncts to this standard.
silica, alumina and irdn
oxide, when calculated
by the formula:
3 TERMINOLOGY
3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the defini-
tions given in IS 4845 : 1968 shall apply.
CaO - 0.7 sot
28 Si~6;F2.$~0, +
I *
ii) Ratio of percentage of Not less than 0’66
alumina to that of iron
oxide
4 MANUFACTURE
iii) Insoluble residue, per- Not more than 2
cent by mass
4.1 43 grade ordinary Portland cement shall be
manufactured by intimately mixing together
calcareous and agrillaceous and/or other silica,
alumina or iron oxide bearing materials, burning
them at a clinkering temperature and grinding
the resultant clinker so as to produce a cement
capable of complying with this specification. No
material shall be added after burning other than
gypsum ( natural or chemical ) or water or both,
and not more than done percent of air-entraining
agents or other agents, which have proved not to
be harmful.
iv) Magnesia, percent by mass Not more than 6
v) Total sulphur content Not more than 2’5
calculated as sulphuric and 3’0 when trical-
anhydride ( SOa ). per-
cent by mass
cium aluminate ( see
Note 1 ). ~percent -by
mass is 5 or less and
greater than 5 respac-
tively
vi) Total loss on ignition Not more than 5 per-
cent
NOTES
5 CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1 When! tested in accordance with the methods
given in IS 4032 : 1985. 43 grade ordinary Port-
land cement shall comply with the chemical
requirements given in Table 1.
6 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1 Fineness
When tested for fineness by Blaine’s air permea-
bility method as described in IS 4031 ( Part 2 ) :
1988, the specific surface of cement Fhall not be
less than 225 m’/kg.
ment between the purchaser and the manutacturer.
NOTE - A higher fineness of cement, when speci-
fically required .’ may be agreed to by mutual agree-. _ ^
1 The tricalcium aluminate content ( CIA ) is cal-
culated by thz formula:
GA - 2’65 ( AllOr ) - 1’69 ( FelOI ),
where each symbolin brackets refers to the percent
( by mass of total cement ) of the oxide, excluding
any contained in insoluble residue referred to at
Sl No. ( iii ).
2 Alkali aggregrate reactions have been noticed in
aggregates in some parts of the country. On large
and important jobs where the concrete is likely to
be exposed to humid atmosphere or wetting action
it is advisable that the aggregate be tested for alkali
aggregate reaction. In the case of reactive aggre-
gates, the use of, cement with alkali content below
0.6 percent expressed as sodium oxide< Na,O ) is
recommended.
3 Total chloride content in cement shall not exceed
0.05 percent by mass for cement used in prestressed
concrete structures and long span reinforced con-
crete structures.Method of test for determination of
chloride content in cement is given in IS 12423 : 1988.
4 The limit of total chloride content in cement for
use in plain and other reinforced concrete structures
is being reviewed. Till that time, the limit may be
mutually agreed to between the purchaser and the
manufacturer.
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4. 6.2 Soundness
6.2.1 When tested by the ‘Le-Chatelier’ method
and autoclave test described in IS 4031 ( Part 3 ) :
1988, unaerated cement shall. nor have an
-expansion of more than 10 mm and 0’8 percent
respectively.
6.2.1.1 In the event of cements failing to comply
with any one or both the requirements specified
in 6.2.1, further tests in respect of each failure
shall be made as described in IS 4031 ( Part 3 ) :
1988 from another portion of the same sample
after aeration. The aeratian shall be done by
spreading out the sample.to a depth of 75 mm at
a relative humidity of ‘50 to 80.percent for a.total
period of 7 days. The expansion of cements so
aerated shall be not more than: 5 mm and 0’6
percent when tested by ‘Le-Chatelier’ method, and
autoclave test respectively.
6.3 Setting Time
The setting time of cement, when tested by the
Vicat apparatus method described in- IS 4031
( Pact. 5), : 1988 shall confor.m to the following
requirements:
a) Initial. setting time in minutes - not less
than 30
b) Final setting time in minutes - ;;;rm;;
63.1. If cement exhibits false set, the ratio of
final penetration measured after 5 minutes ~of
completion ofmixing period to the initial penetra-
tion measured exactly after 20 seconds of com-
pletion of mixing, period, expressed as percent,
shall be not less than 50. In the event of cement
exhibiting. false set, the initial and final setting
time of cement when tested by the method
described in IS 4031 ( Part 5~)c: 1988 after break-
ing the false set,. shall conform to 6.3.
6.4 Compressive Strength
The, average compressive strength. of at least three
mortar cubes ( area of face 50 cm? ) composed of
one part of cement, three parts of standard sand
( conforming to IS 650 : 1966 ) by mass and’ P/4
+ 3’0 percent ( of combined mass of cement
plus. sand ).water, and prepared, stored and tested
in the manner described in IS 403’1 ( Part 6 ) :
1988, shall be as follows:
a) 72 fl hour not less than 23 MPa
b) 1’68f2 hours not less than’ 33 MPa
c) 672 f4 hours not less than, 43 MPae
NOTE - P isthe percentage of water required to
produce a paste of standard consistency ( see 11.3 ).
6.5 By agreement between the purchaser and the
manufacturer, transverse strength test of plastic
mortar in accordance with the method described
in IS 403 1 ( Part 8 ) : 1988 may be specified in
addition to the test specified in 6.4. The permis-
sible values of the transverse strength shall be
mutually agreed to between the purchaser andlthe
supplier at the time of placing order.
6.6 Notwithstanding the strength requirements
specified in 6.4 and 6.5, cement shall show a
progressive increase in strength from the strength
at 72 hours.
7.1 The cement shall be stored in suuh a manner
as to permit easy access for proper inspection and
in a suitable weather-tight building to protect the
cement from dampness and to minimize warehouse
deterioration.
8 MANUFACTURER’S CERTIFICATE
8.1 The manufacturer shall satisfy himself that
the cement conforms to the requirements of this
standard, and,if requested, shah furnish a certi-
ficate to this effect to the purchaser or his
representative, within ten days of dcspatch of the
cement.
8.2 The manufacturer shall furnish a certificate,
within ten days of despatch of cement, indioating
the total chloride content in -percent by mass of
cement.
Y DELIVERY
YJ The cement shall be packed in bags [jute
sacking bag conforming to IS 2580 : 1982, double
hcssian bituminized, ( CR1 type ), multiwall paper
conforming to IS 11761 : 1986, polyethylene lined
( CR1 type ) jute, light weight jute conforming to
IS 12154 : 1987, woven HDPE conforming to
IS 11652 : 1986, woven polypropylene conforming
to lS 11653 : 1986, jute synthetic union conform-
ing to IS 12174.: 1987 or any other approved
composite bags ] bearing the manufacturer’s name
or his registered trade-mark, if any, and the words
‘43 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement’. The
number of bags ( net mass ) to the tonne or the
average net mass of the cement shall be legibly
and indelibly marked on each bag. Bags shall be
in good condition at the time of inspection.
9.1.1 Similar information shall be provided in the
delivery advices accompanying the shipment of
packed or bulk cement ( see 9.3 ).
9.2 The average net mass of cement per bag shall
be 50 kg (see Annex B.).
2
5. IS 8112 : 1989
9.2:1 The average net mass of cement per bag tested in the manner described in the relevant
may also be 25 kg subject to tolerances as given clauses.
in 9.2.1.1 and packed in suitable bags as agreed
to between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 11.2 Temperature for Testing
9.2.1.1 The number of bags in a sample taken for
weighment showing a minus error greater than 2
percent of the specified net mass shall be not
more than 5 percent of the bags in the sample.
Also the minus error in none of such bags in the
sample shall exceed 4 percent of the specified net
mass of cement in the bag. However, the average
net mass of cement in a sample shall be equal to
or more than 25 kg.
9.3 Supplies of cement in bulk may be made by
arrangement between the purchaser and the
supplier ( manufacturer or stockist ).
The temperature range within wh-ich physical tests
may be carried out shall, as far as possible. be
27 $2’C. The actual temperature during. the
testing shall be recorded.
11.3, Consistency of Standard Cement Paste
The quantity of water required to produce a ,paste.
of standard consistency, to be used for the deter-
mination of the water content of mortar for the
compressive strength tests and for the determina-
tion of soundness and setting time, shall be
obtained by the method described in IS 4031
( Part 4 ) : 1988.
NOTE - A single bag or container containing 1 000
kg or more net mass of cCment shall be considered
as bulk supply of cement. Supplies of cement may
11.4 Independent Testing
also be made in intermediate containers, for 11.4.1 If the purchaser or his representativeexample, drums of 200 kg, by agreement between the
purchaser and the manufacturer. requires independent tests, the samples shall be
taken before or immediately after delivery at t&
10 SAMPLING
option of the purchaser or his, representa&e, and
_the tests shall be carried out in accordance with
10.1 Samples for Testing and by Whom to be this standard on the written instruction of the
Taken purchaser or his representative.
A sample or samples for testing may be taken by
the purchaser or his representative, or by any
person appointed to superintend the work for
purpose of which the cement is required or by
latter’s representative.
-10.1.1 The samples shall be taken within three
weeks of the delivery and all the tests shall be
commenced within one week of sampling.
10.1.2 When it is not possible to test the samples
within one week, the samples shall be packed and
stored in air-tight containers till such time that
they are tested.
11.4.2 Cost of Testing
The manufacturer shall supply, free of charge, the
cement required for testing. Unless otherwise
specified in~the enquiry and order, the cost of the
tests shall be borne as follows:
a) by the manufacturer if the results show that
the cement does not comply with this stan-
dard, and
b) by the purchaser if the results show that the
cement complies with this standard.
10.2 In addition to the requirements of 10.1, the
11.4.3 After a representative sample has been
methods and -procedure of sampling shall be in
drawn, tests on the sample shall be carried out as
accordance with IS 3535 : 1986.
expeditiously as possible.
10.3 Facilities for Sampling and Identification
The manufacturer or supplier shall afford every
facility, and shall provide all labour and materials
for taking and packing the samples for testing the
cement and for subsequent identification of the
cement sampled.
11 TESTS
11.1 The sample or samples of cement for test
shall be taken as described in 10 and shall be
12 REJECTION
12.1 Cement may be rejected if it does not comply
with any of the requirements of this specification.
12.2 Cement remaining in bulk storage at the
mill, prior to shipment. for more than six months,
or cement in bags in local storage in the hands of
a vendor for more than 3 months after completion
df tests, may be retested before use and may be
rejected, if it fails to conform to any of the
requirements of this specification.
3
6. -Is8112:1989
IS jvo.
650:1966
2580:1982
3535:1986
ANNEX A
( Clause 2.1 )
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS
Title IS No.
Specification for standard sand 11652 -: 1986
for testing of cement (first
revision )
Speci6cation for jute sacking 11653 : 1986
bags for packing cement ( second
revision )
Methods of sampling hydraulic 11761 : 1986
cements (first revision )
4031 Methods of physical test for
( Parts 1 to 13 ) hydraulic cement (first fevifion ) 12154:1gg7
4032:1985 Method of Chemical analysis of
hydraulic cement ($Frsr revision ) 12174 : 1987
4845 : 1968 Definitions and terminology
relating to hydraulic cement
12423 : 1988
4905 : 1968 Methods for random sampling
Title
Specification for high density
polyethylene ( HDPE ) woven
sacks for packing cement
Specification for -polypropylene
( PP ) woven sacks for packing
cement
Specification for multi wall paper
sacks for cement, valved-sewn-
gussetted type
Specification for light weight
jute bags for packing cement
Specification for jute synthetic
union bag for packing cement
Method for calorimetric analysis
of hydraulic cement
ANNEX B
( Clause 9.2 )
TOLERANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASS OF CEMENT
PACKED IN BAGS
B-l The average net mass of cement packed in
bags at the plant in a sample shall be equal to~or
more than 50 kg. The number of bags in a sample
shall be as given below:
Batch Size Sample Size
100 to I50 20
151 to 280 31
281 to 500 50
501 to I 200 80
1 201 to 3 200 125
3 201 and over 200
The bags in a sample shall be selected at random
( see IS 4905 : 1968 ).
B-l.1The number of bags in a sample showing a
minus error greater than 2 percent of the specified
net mass ( 50 kg ) shall be not more than 5 per-
cent of the bags in the sample. Also the minus
error in none of such bags in the sample shall
exceed 4 percent of the specified net mass of
cement in the bag.
NOTE -The matter given in B-l and B-l.1arc
extracts based on the Standards of Weights and
Measures (Packaged Commodities ) Rule+ 1977 to
which reference shall be made for full datails. Any
modification made in these Rules and other related
Acts and Rules would apply automatically.
B.l.2 ln case of a wagon/truck load of 20 to 25
tonnes, the overall tolerance on net mass of
cement shall be Otto +0’5 percent.
NOTE - The mass of a jute sacking bag conform-
ing to IS 2580 : 1982 to hold 50 kg of cement is 531 g.
the mass of a double hessian bituminized (CR1
type ) bag to hold 50 kg of cement is 630 g. the mass
of a 6.~1~ paper bag to hold 50 kg of cement is
approximately 400 g and the mass of a polyethylene
lined ( CR1 type ) jute bag to hold 50 kg of cement
is approximately 480 g.
7. . IS 8112 : 1989
ANNEX A. .
COMPOSITION OF THE TECHNICAL COMWTI’EE
’ . CEMENT AND CONCRETE SECTIONAL COMMITTEE, CED 2#
Chdff?Wl
DR H. C. VISVESVARAYA
Members
SHRI K. P. BANERIEE
SHRI HARISH N. MALANI ( illrernare )
SHRI S. K. BANERJ~B
CHIEF ENQINEER j BD )
SHRI J. C. BASUR ( Aflernate )
CHIEF ENOINEER( DESIGNS)
SUPERINTENDINOENGINEER( S & S )
( Alrernare )
CHIEF ENGINEER( RESEARCH-CUM-
DIRECTOR )
RESEARCHOFFICER( CONCRETE
TECHNOLOGY) ( Alrernare )
DIRECTOR
JOINT DIRECTOR( Alrernare )
DIRECTOR
CHIEF RESEARCHOFFICER( AIrernura )
.DIRECTOR( C & MDD-II )
DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( C & MDD-II )
f, Alrernure )
SHRI V. K. GHANEKAR
SHRI S. GOPINATH
SHRI A. K. GUPTA
SHRI J. SUNGUPTA
SHRI P. J. JAGUS
DR A. K. CHATTERJEE( AIrernure )
JOINT DIRECTORSTANDARDS( B & S )/CB-I
JOINT DIRECTOR STANDARDS( B dr S )/
CB-II ( Alrernure )
SHRI N. G. J&HI
SHRI R. L. KAPOOR
SHRI R. K. SAXENA ( AIrernure )
DR A. K. MULLICK
SHRI G. K. MAJUMDAR
SHRI P. N. MEHTA
SHRI S. K. MATHUR ( AIrernure )
SHRI NIRMAL SINGH
SHRI S. S. MI~LANI ( AIrernure )
SHRI S. N. PAL
SHRI BIMAN D.WWPTA ( AIrernure )
SHRI R. C. PARAIE
L-r-COL R. K. SIN~H ( Airernure )
SHRI 13. S. PASRICHA
SHRI Y. R. PHULL
SHRI S. S. SEEHRA( Alrernare )
DR MOHAN RAI
DR S. S. REHSI ( Afternate )
SHRI A. V. RAMINA
DR K. C. NARAN~ ( Alrernure )
SHRI G. RAMDAS
SHRI T. N. SUBBA RAO
SHRI S. A. REDDI ( AIrernare )
Representing
National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi
Larsen and Toubro Limited, Bombay
National Test House, Calcutta
Bhalcra Beas Management Board, Nangal Township
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab
A. P. Engineering Research Laboratories, Hyderabad
Central Soil and Matirials Research Station, New Delhi
Central Water Commission, New Delhi
Structural Engineering Research Centre ( CSIR ), Ghaziabad
The India Cements Limited, Madras
Hyderabad Industries Limited, Hyderabad
National Buildings Organization. New Delhi
The Associated Cement Companies Ltd. Bombay
Research, Designs and Standards Organization ( Ministry of
Railways ), Lucknow
Indian Hume Pipes Co Limited, Bombay
Roads Wing ( Ministry of Transport ), Department of Surface
Transport, New Delhi
National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi
Hospital Services Coosultaocy Corporation ( India ) Ltd.
New Delhi
Geological Survey of India, Calcutta
Development Commissioner for Cement Industry ( Ministry of
Industry ). New Delhi
M.N. Dastur and Company Private Limited, Calcutta
Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters
Hindustan Prefab Limited, New Delhi
Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi; und dentral Road Research
Institute ( CSIK ). New Delhi
Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi
Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ). Roorkee
Dalmia Cement ( Bharat ) Limited, New Delhi
Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi
Gammon India Limited, Bombay
8. IS 8112: 1989
Membera
DR M. RAMAIAH
D@A. G. MADH~VA RAO ( Alfernate )
SHRIA. U. RIJHSIN~HANI
SHRI C. S. SHARMA(-Alternate )
SECRETARY
SHRI K. R. SAXENA ( Alternate )
SUPERINTENDINQENGINEER( DESIGNS)
E~ECUTI~ ENGINEER( SMD DIVISION)
( Alternate )
SHRIL. SWAR~OP
SHRI H. BHATTACHARYA
( Alternate )
SHRIS. K. GUHA THAKURTA
SHRIS.P. SANKARNARAYANAN
( Alternate )
DR H. C. VISVESVARAYA
SHRI D. C. CHATURV~DI( Alternate )
SHRIG. RAMAN,
Direcror ( Civ Engg )
Representing
.
Strucfuisii Engmeering Research Cenfte (’ CSIR ), Madras
Cement Coiporatibn of’Ilidia; Neti Delhi
Ct%tral Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi
Public Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu
Orissa Cement Limited, New Delhi
Gannon Dunkerly & Co Ltd. Bombay
The Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta
Director General, BIS ( Ex-officio Member )
Secretary
SHRI N. C. BANDYOPADHYAY
Joint DireCtor (Civ Engg ), BIS
Cement, Pozzolana and Cement Additives Subcommittee, CED 2 : 1
Convener
DR H. C. V~SV~SVARAYA
Members
National Council for Cement and Building Materials.
New Delhi
DR A. K. MULLICK
DR ( SHRIMATI) S. LAXMI 3
( AIternufes to Dr H. C. Visvesvaraya )
SHRIS. K. BANERJEE
SARI N. G. BASAK
SHRIT. MADNFZSHWAR( Affernafe )
SHRI SOMNATFZBANFRJEE
CHIEP ENOINEER( RESEARPH-CUM-
DIRECTOR)
National Teit House, Calcutta
Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi
RUURCH OFFICER( CT ) ( Alternate )
SHRIN.. B. DE.QI c
SHRIJ. K. ~PATEL( Alternate )
DIRECTOR
RESEARCHOPPICER( Alternate )
DIRE~~~~(C&MDDII)
De~un DIRECTOR( C t MDD II )
( Al;ternufe )
SHRIR. K. GA~ANI
SHRIR. K. VAISHNAV~( Alternote )
SHRI J. SEN GLPTA
SHRI P. J. JAIXJS
DR A. K. CHA~TERJEE(hernate )
JOINT DIRECTOR,STANDARDS
( B & S )/CB-I
JOINTDIRECTOR,STANDARDS
( B &, $ )/CB-II ( Alternate )
SHRIR. L. KAPOOR
SHRI R. K. DA?TA ( Aft’ernute )
SHRI W. N. KARODE
SHRI R. KUNJITHAPATTAY
SXRI G. K. MAJUMDAR
Cement Manufacturers Association, Bombay
Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab
Gujarat Engineering Research Institute, Vadodara
Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute, Nasik
Central Water Commission, New Delhi
Shree Digvijay~Cement Co Ltd. Bombay
National Buildings Organization, New Delhi
The Associated Cement Companies Ltd. Bombay
Research, Designs and Standards Organization, Lucknow
Roads Wing (Ministry of Transport ) ( Department of Surface
Transport ), New Delhi
The Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay
Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd, Poliyur, Tamil Nadu
Hospital Services Consultancy Corporation ( India ) Lad,
New Delhi
6
9. .
Members
SHRI K. P. MQHIDEEN
SHRI NIRMAL SINGH
SHRI S. S. MICILANI ( Alternate )
SHRI Y. R. PHULL
SHRI M. R. CHA-ITERI~E ( Alternate )
SHRI A. V. RAMANA
DR K. C. NARANO ( Alternate )
COL V. K. RAO
SHRI N. S. GALAND@ ( AIlernare )
SHRI S. A. REDDI
DR S. S. REHSI
DR IRSHAD MASOOD ( Alternate )
SHRI A. U. RIJHSIN~HAN~
SHRI M. P. SINGH
SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (D)
SIZNIORDEPUTY CHIEP E‘NO~NEER
( GENERAL ) ( Alternafe )
SHRI L. SWAR~~P
SHRI I-I. BHATTACHARYA ( Alrernute )
SHRI V. M. WAD
IS 8112: 1989
Representing
Central Warehousing Corporation, I&w Delhi
Development Commissioner for Cement Industry ( Ministry of
Industry )
Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi
Dalmia Cement ( Bharat ) Ltd, New Delhi
Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters
Gammon India Ltd. Bombay
Central Building Research Institute~( CSIR ), Roorkee
Cement Corporation of India Ltd, New Delhi
Federation of Mini Cement Plants, New Delhi
Public Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu
Orissa Cement Ltd. New Delhi
Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai
?
10. . .
,’
, I
Bureau efIn&an Standards -*
.-
.BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to pfomote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and
attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form
without the prior permissicn in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a~standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Slandards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue
of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Addition..‘.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. CED 2 ( 4746 )
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah &far Marg, New Delhi 110002
Telephones: 323 0131,323 33 75,323 94 02
Regional Offices:
Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg
NEW DELHI 110002
Eastern : l/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola
CALCU?TA 700054
Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022
Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113
. Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East)
MUMBAI 400093
Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR.
COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. >GHAZIABAD: GUWAHATI.
HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR.
. ,
Telegrams: Manaksanstha
(Common to all offices)
Telephone
32376 17,3233841
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832 92 95,832 78 58
832 78 91,832 78 92
PATNA. PUNE. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.
Printed at Dee Kay Printers, New Delhi, India
11. AMENDMENT NO. 1 JANUARY 1991
TO
IS 8112 : 1989 43 GRADE ORDINARY PORTLAND
CEMENT - SPECIFICATION
( First Revision )
( Page 3, Chuse 9.2.1.1 ) - Insert the following new clauses
after 9.2.1 .l:
‘9.2.2 When cement is intended for export and if the purchaser so
requires, packing of cement may be done in bags other than those given
in 9.2 and 9,2.1 with an average net mass of cement per bag as agreed to
between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
9.2.2.1 For this purpose the permission of the certifying authority shall
be obtained in advance for each export order.
9.2.2.2 The words ‘FOR EXPORT’ and the average net mass of cement per
bag shall be clearly marked in indelible ink on each bag.
9.2.2.3 The packing material shall be as agreed to between the supplier
and the purchaser.
9.2.2.4 The tolerance requirements for the mass of cement packed in
bags shall be as given in 9.2.1.1 except the average net mass which shall
be equal to or more than the quantity in 9.2.2.’
(CED 2)
Printed at Dee Kay Printers, New Delhi-l 10015, India.
12. AMENDMENT NO. 2 NOVEMBER 1991
TO
IS 8112 : 1989 43 GRADE ORDINARY PORTLAND
CEMENT - SPECIFICATION
(First Revision)
( Page 4, clause B-l.2 ) - Substitute ‘up to 25 tonnes’ for ‘of 20 to 25
tonnes’.
(CED2) -
Printed at Dee Kay Printers, New Delhi- 1iO0 15, India.
13. AMENDMENT NO. 3 NOVEMBER 1993
TO
IS 8112 : 1989 43 GRADE ORDINARY PORTLAND
CEMENT - SPECIFICATION
( First Revision)
[ Page 3, clause 9.2.1.1 ( see also Amendment No. 1 )] - Substitute the
following for the existing matter:
‘9.2.2 When cement is intended for export and if the purchaser so requires,
packing of cement may be done in bags or in drums with an average net mass
of cement per bag or drum as agreed to between the purchaser and the
manufacturer.
9.2.2.1 For this purpose the permission of the certifying authority shall be
obtained in advance for each export order.
9.2.2.2 The words ‘FOR EXPORT’ and the average net mass of cement per
bag/drum shall be clearly marked in indelible ink on each bag/drum.
9.2.2.3 The packing material shall be as agreed to between the manufacturer
and the purchaser.
9.2.2.4 The tolerance requirements for the mass of cement packed in
bags/drum shall be as given in 9.2.1.1 except the average net mass which shall
be equal to or more than the quantity in 9.2.2.’
(CED2)
Printed at Dee Kay Printers, New Delhi-l 10015, India.
14. AMENDMENT NO. 4 OCTOBER 1998
TO
IS 8112 : 1989 43 GRADE ORDINARY PORTLAND
CEMENT - SPECIFICATION
(FkstRevEon)
(Page3, clause 94.1) - Substitute the following for the existing clause:
‘93.1 The average net mass of cement per bag may also be 25 kg, 10 kg, 5 kg,
2 kg or 1 kg, subject to tolerances as given in 9.2.1.1 and packed in suitable bag
as agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
(Page 3, clause 93.1.1) - Substitute the following for the existing clause:
‘9.2.1.1 The number of bags in a sample taken for weighment showing a minus
error greater than 2 percent of the specified net mass shall not be more than
5 percent of the bags in the sample. Also the minus error in none of such bags in
the sample shall exceed 4 percent of the specified net mass of cement in the bag.
However, the average mass of the cement in a sample shall be equal to or more
than 25 kg, 10 kg, 5 kg, 2 kg or 1 kg, as the case may be.’
( Page 4, clause B-1.2 ) - Substitute ‘up to 25 tonnes’@ ‘20 to 25 tonnes’.
(CED2)
Repqraphy Unit,BE, New Delhi, India
15. AMENDMENT NO. 5 OCTOBER1999
TO
IS 8112 : 1989 43 GRADE ORDINARY PORTLAND
CEMENT - SPECIFICATION
(First Reviim)
(Page 1, clause 5.1) -Insert the following after the clause:
‘5.2 Total chloride content in cement shall not exceed 0.1 percent by mass for
cement used in structures other than prestressed concrete. For determination of
chloride content in cement, IS 12423 may be referred.
NOTE - For use in special structures like prestressed concrete, where chloride is a critical
parameter, the limit of chloride content shall be 0.05 percent and shall be required to be
measured if desired by the purchaser.’
[ Page 1, Table 1, Sl No. (iii), co1 3 ] -Substitute ‘3.o’for ‘2’.
[ Page 1, Table 1, Sl No. (iv), co1 3 ] - Substitute ‘6.0’ for ‘6’.
( Page 1, Table 1, Notes 3 and 4 ) - Delete.
(CED2)
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
16. AMENDMENT NO. 6 JUNE 2000
TO
IS 8112 : 1989 43 GRADE ORDINARY PORTLAND
CEMENT - SPECIFICATION
( First Revbion )
Substitute ‘net mass’ for ‘average net mass’ wherever it appears in the
standard.
( Cover page 2, para 3 ofForaoord ) - Substitute the following for the
existing text:
“Specific requirements of ordinary Portland cement for manufacture of railway
sleepers to be designated as 43-S grade are given in the standard in 5.2, 6.1,
6.2.2, 6.3, 6.4 and 9.1. To differentiateit with normal grade, ‘43-S grade’ shall
be marked on the bags/packages for such cement in place of ‘43-S grade’.”
(Page 1, clause 5 )- Ilaert a new clause 5.2 as follows:
‘5.2 Cement used for railway sleepers shall satisfy the following
chemical/mineralogical requirements and shall be designated as 43-S grade:
i) Magnesia, percent by mass - Not more than 5.0
ii) Tricalcium atuminate content, percent -Not more than 10.0
iii) Tricalcium silicate, percent - Not less than 45’
(Page 1,clause 6.1) - Insert the following at the end of the clause:
‘For 43-S grade cement, the specific surface shall not be less than 370 m2/kg.’
(Page 1,TabZe 1, Note 1 ) - Insert the following at the end:
‘Thetricalcium silicate content (C3S) is calculated by the formula:
C3S = 4.07 CaO - 7.60 Si02 - 6.72 A203 - 1.43 Fe203 - 2.85 SO3 ’
(Page 2, clause 6.2.1.1) - Insert a new clause 6.2.2 as follows:
‘6.2.2 For 43-S grade cement, soundness of unaerated cement when tested by the
Le-Chatelier method shall not have an expansion of more than 5 mm.’
1
17. Anrend No. 6 to IS 0112 : 19X9
(Page 2, clause 6.3 ) - Insert the following under (a) :
‘Initial setting time for 43-S grade cement in minutes - Not less than 60.’
(Page 2, clause 6.4 ) - Insert the following as new para:
‘For 43-S grade cement, compressive strength at 168 f 2 h shall not be less than
37.5 MPa .’
( Page 2, cluctse 9.1, line 12 ) - Insert the following after ‘43 Grade
Ordinary Portland cement’:
“or ‘43-S Grade Ordinary Portland Cement’, whichever is applicable.”
(CED2)
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
2
18. AMENDMENT NO. 7 DECEMBER 2003
TO
IS 8112:1989 43 GRADE ORDINARY PORTLAND
CEMENT — SPECIFICATION
( Page 1, clause
existing sentence:
( First Reviswtt )
4.1, last sentence ) — Substitute the following for the
‘No material shall be added after burning, other than gypsum (natural or
chemical) or water or both; performance improvers; and not more than one
percent of air-entraining agents or other agents including colouring agents,
which have proved not to be harmful. Limit of addition of performance
ireprovers shall be as follows and shall be inclusive of one percent additives as
mentioned above:
Perfimnanw [mprowr Percentage Requirement
Addition, Max
Fly ash 5 As per IS 3812 (Part 1)
Granulated slag 5 As per IS 12089
Silica fume 5 As per IS 15388
Limestone 5 CaCO~ content calculated from CaO content sfrdl not be
less than 75 percent when tested as per IS 1760 (Part 3)
Rice husk ash 5 a) Reactive sitica shaIl not be less than 85 percent when
tested as per IS 3812 (Part I)
b) Pozzolanic Activity Index shall nor be less than 90
percent when tesIed as per 10 of IS 1727
c) f...osson ignition sha!t not be more than 8 percent when
tested as per 1S 1727
a) Sificon dioxide (Sioz) phss ahsminium oxide (Abo3)
plus iron oxide (Fc203) in percent by mass shall not
& less than 95 percent when tested as per IS 1727
b) Loss on ignition shall not be more than 1 percent
when tested as per IS 1727
c) Total alkalis as sodium oxide (NazO) in percent by
mass shall not be more than 0.6 percent when tested
as per IS 4032
d) Particles retained on 45 micron N sieve ( wet sieving)
shall not be more than 1 percent when test as per
IS 1727
—
1
Metakaoline 5
19. Amend No. 7 to IS 8112:1989
If a combination of above performance improvers is added, the maximum limit
of addition shall be 5 percent.
[ Page 1, Table 1, S1 No. (iii) ( see also Amendment No. 5 ) ] — Substitute
the following for the existing matter:
S1No. Characteristic Requirement
(1) (2) (3)
iii) Insoluble residue, percent a) [n case no flyash, silica fume, rice husk ash and
by mass metakaoline is added — Not more than 3.0
b) In case of addition of fly ash and/or silica fume an~or
rice husk ash and/or metakaoline — Not more than 5.0
( Page 2, clause 6.3.1. line 6 ) — Substitute ‘less than’ for the words ‘not
less than’.
( Page 2, clause 9.1, last sentence) — Insert the following sentence before
the existing sentence:
‘Bags shall also be marked with the type and the percentage of performance
improvers added.’
( Page 4, Annex A ) — Insert the following matter at the appropriate place:
IS No. Title
1727:1967 Methods of test for pozzolanic materials @-strevision)
1760 (Part 3): Methods of chemical analysis of limestone, dolomite and allied
1992 materials : Part 3 Determination of iron oxide, alumina, calcium
oxide and magnesia (first revision)
3812 ( Part 1 ): Pulverized fuel ash — Specification : Part I For u$e w
2003
12089:1987
15388:2003
(CED2)
pozzolana in cement cement mortar and concrete (second
revision)
Granulated slag for the manufacture of Portland slag cement —
Specification
Silica fume — Specification
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
2