東大電子情報工学科の田浦先生におよるオペーレーティングシステム授業で行なった「仮想マシンにおけるメモリ管理及びExtended Page Table」についての発表のスライドです。
発表で取り扱ったのはMerrifiel(2017)の"Performance Implications of Extended Page Tables on Virtualized x86 Processors"です。
Memory Mapping Implementation (mmap) in Linux KernelAdrian Huang
Note: When you view the the slide deck via web browser, the screenshots may be blurred. You can download and view them offline (Screenshots are clear).
東大電子情報工学科の田浦先生におよるオペーレーティングシステム授業で行なった「仮想マシンにおけるメモリ管理及びExtended Page Table」についての発表のスライドです。
発表で取り扱ったのはMerrifiel(2017)の"Performance Implications of Extended Page Tables on Virtualized x86 Processors"です。
Memory Mapping Implementation (mmap) in Linux KernelAdrian Huang
Note: When you view the the slide deck via web browser, the screenshots may be blurred. You can download and view them offline (Screenshots are clear).
Rootlinux17: Hypervisors on ARM - Overview and Design Choices by Julien Grall...The Linux Foundation
Hypervisors are used in a broad range of domains ranging from Embedded systems, Automotive to big iron servers. The choice of hypervisor has a strong impact on the overall design of your project and its performance. This talk introduces the state of virtualization on ARM, and provides a description of three popular open source hypervisors: KVM, Jailhouse and Xen. Julien Grall explains respective key features, technical differences and suitability of the hypervisor for different application domains.
Julien Grall is a Software Virtualisation Engineer at ARM.
The talk was delivered at Root Linux Conference 2017. Learn more: http://linux.globallogic.com/materials. The video recording is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZNXtqFJpuc
공유 스토리지를 이용한 H/A Cluster 뿐만 아니라
Replication을 이용한 Shared Nothing H/A Cluster 제공
내장된 Application 인지형의 고가용성 기능 제공
DB에 대하여 이중으로 Check 하는 Depth 모니터링 기능
30개의 주요한 Applications 지원
Continguous Memory Allocator in the Linux KernelKernel TLV
Agenda:
Continguous Memory Allocator - how to allocate large continguous memory for large scale DMA in the kernel.
Speaker:
Mark Veltzer - CTO of Hinbit and a senior instructor at John Bryce. Mark is also a member of the Free Source Foundation and contributes to many free projects.
This presentation is about such well-known vulnerabilities as Meltdown and Spectre and the way they use imperfections of modern processors on an architectural level. In this regard, ARM architecture, which is now a standard in embedded system, is discussed.
The talk was delivered by Andrii Lukin (Senior Software Engineer, Consultant, GlobalLogic) at GlobalLogic Embedded Career Day #2 on February 10, 2018.
More about GlobalLogic Embedded Career Day #2: https://www.globallogic.com/ua/events/globallogic-kyiv-embedded-career-day-2-materials
Rootlinux17: Hypervisors on ARM - Overview and Design Choices by Julien Grall...The Linux Foundation
Hypervisors are used in a broad range of domains ranging from Embedded systems, Automotive to big iron servers. The choice of hypervisor has a strong impact on the overall design of your project and its performance. This talk introduces the state of virtualization on ARM, and provides a description of three popular open source hypervisors: KVM, Jailhouse and Xen. Julien Grall explains respective key features, technical differences and suitability of the hypervisor for different application domains.
Julien Grall is a Software Virtualisation Engineer at ARM.
The talk was delivered at Root Linux Conference 2017. Learn more: http://linux.globallogic.com/materials. The video recording is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZNXtqFJpuc
공유 스토리지를 이용한 H/A Cluster 뿐만 아니라
Replication을 이용한 Shared Nothing H/A Cluster 제공
내장된 Application 인지형의 고가용성 기능 제공
DB에 대하여 이중으로 Check 하는 Depth 모니터링 기능
30개의 주요한 Applications 지원
Continguous Memory Allocator in the Linux KernelKernel TLV
Agenda:
Continguous Memory Allocator - how to allocate large continguous memory for large scale DMA in the kernel.
Speaker:
Mark Veltzer - CTO of Hinbit and a senior instructor at John Bryce. Mark is also a member of the Free Source Foundation and contributes to many free projects.
This presentation is about such well-known vulnerabilities as Meltdown and Spectre and the way they use imperfections of modern processors on an architectural level. In this regard, ARM architecture, which is now a standard in embedded system, is discussed.
The talk was delivered by Andrii Lukin (Senior Software Engineer, Consultant, GlobalLogic) at GlobalLogic Embedded Career Day #2 on February 10, 2018.
More about GlobalLogic Embedded Career Day #2: https://www.globallogic.com/ua/events/globallogic-kyiv-embedded-career-day-2-materials
About the author: Priya Autee is software engineer at Intel working on various leading edge IA features and Intel(R) RDT expert. She is focused on prototyping and researching open source APIs like DPDK, Intel(R) RDT etc. to support NFV/compute sensitive requirements on Intel Architecture. She holds Masters in Computer Science from Arizona State University, Arizona.
Oracle ACFS is a general purpose portable cluster file system build on the enhanced ASM available since Oracle 11.2 and benefiting from the existing ASM mirroring and striping leading to performance and fault tolerance. In the presentation you will look at the concept and the architecture of ACFS. You will see how to use familiar tools such as sqlplus, asmca, asmcmd and OEM DC to configure, implement and manage ACFS. The presentation will provide an idea for deployment of ACFS for Snapshots and replications. Being fully integrated with ASM, ASM views can be used to monitor performance and usage.
VMware’s Nathan Small who works as a Staff Engineer at Global Support Services has put together a great presentation about Advanced Root Cause Analysis. The presentation was designed to give you more insight into how a VMware Technical Support Engineer reviews logs, gathers data and performs in-depth analysis. Nathan is hoping to show you the skills they’re using every day to help determine the root cause for an issue in your environment. With this core knowledge, you will become more self-sufficient within your own environment and be able to diagnose an issue as it occurs rather than after the damage has been done.
Snapdragon is a family of mobile systems on a chip (SoC) by Qualcomm. Qualcomm considers Snapdragon a "platform" for use in smartphones, tablets, and smartbook devices.
ARM is a family of RISC-based microprocessors and microcontrollers designed by ARM Inc., Cambridge, England.
ARM chips are high-speed processors that are known for their small die size and low power requirements.
PPT is presenting the Qualcomm Snapdragon SoC family use in mobile devices and further ARM microcontroller architecture is discussed with its programmer's model, instructions set, etc.
LCU14 209- LLVM Linux
---------------------------------------------------
Speaker: Behan Webster
Date: September 16, 2014
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★ Session Summary ★
This session will provide an update on the status of the LLVMLinux project; a project which is cooperating with both the Linux kernel and LLVM communities to build the Linux kernel with Clang/LLVM. This talk will also cover new things in LLVM which make clang even more attractive to the kernel community. LLVM is an extensive compiler technology suite which is already commonplace from Android/Renderscript and OpenCL through to high performance computing clusters.
---------------------------------------------------
★ Resources ★
Zerista: http://lcu14.zerista.com/event/member/137735
Google Event: https://plus.google.com/u/0/events/cp34l6uc5rmu189qn8eq3ps3bkc
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcVQxjb6iQ4&list=UUIVqQKxCyQLJS6xvSmfndLA
Etherpad: http://pad.linaro.org/p/lcu14-209
---------------------------------------------------
★ Event Details ★
Linaro Connect USA - #LCU14
September 15-19th, 2014
Hyatt Regency San Francisco Airport
---------------------------------------------------
http://www.linaro.org
http://connect.linaro.org
[GeeCON2024] How I learned to stop worrying and love the dark silicon apocalypseTomasz Kowalczewski
Computation is increasingly constrained by power. With each advancement in the manufacturing process, a decreasing percentage of the CPU can operate at full capacity, leading to the emergence of the term 'dark silicon'. This trend necessitates techniques that utilize chip area to optimize power efficiency through specialized accelerators.
The presentation will outline key concepts that led to the dark silicon such as Moore’s law and breakdown of Dennard scaling, followed by an overview of current and upcoming CPU accelerators. The focus will then shift to vector units and the specifics of vector programming. Attendees will be introduced to registers, a range of vector operations, and methods to develop branchless algorithms such as sorting networks. The session will conclude with an overview of the new Java Vector API and how it was already picked up by projects to do AI inference (Llama 2) and vector search (AstraDB and Cassandra).
-> Deep dive inside the kernel Interrupt management subsystem.
-> Entire presentation is oriented towards 8259 Interrupt controller.
-> Detail understanding of how request_irq() function works.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
2. Outline
1
Physical Memory
2
Virtual Memory Usage in Linux
3
MMU Behavior
Translation Walk
Memory Attributes
4
Summary
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3. Two points for Physical Memory
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4. Physical Memory Length&Offset
Three ways to define them in Linux
CONFIG CMDLINE
atags by uBoot
Device tree
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
¤
a r c h / arm64 / b o o t / d t s / f o u n d a t i o n −v8 . d t s
...
#a d d r e s s −c e l l s = <2>;
#s i z e −c e l l s = <2>;
...
memory@80000000 {
d e v i c e t y p e = ”memory” ;
r e g = <0x00000000 0 x80000000 0 0 x80000000 >,
<0x00000008 0 x80000000 0 0 x80000000 >;
};
...
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5. Outline
1
Physical Memory
2
Virtual Memory Usage in Linux
3
MMU Behavior
Translation Walk
Memory Attributes
4
Summary
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6. Virtual Address Layout in Linux
0xFFFF 8000 0000 0000 − 0xFFFF FFBB FFFE FFFF vmalloc area [∼240GB]
0xFFFF FFBF FBC 0 0000 − 0xFFFF FFBF FBDF FFFF UART [2MB]
0xFFFF FFBF FBE 0 0000 − 0xFFFF FFBF FBE 0 FFFF PCI I/O [64KB]
0xFFFF FFBF FC 00 0000 − 0xFFFF FFBF FFFF FFFF Modules [64MB]
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7. Outline
1
Physical Memory
2
Virtual Memory Usage in Linux
3
MMU Behavior
Translation Walk
Memory Attributes
4
Summary
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9. ARMV8 page size & Linux Support
ARMV8 supports 4KB, 16KB, 64KB Page size.
Table: Selection Page Size between 4KB & 64KB
4KB
64KB
Software Conf.
Default
TCR EL1.TG1=0b10 & TCR EL1.TG0=0b00
CONFIG ARM64 64K PAGES
TCR EL1.TG1=0b11 & TCR EL1.TG0=0b01
AARCH64 VMSA Under Linux Kernel
*Hardware Conf.
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10. Address Translation (1)
1
AArch64 Linux allows 39-bit (512GB) virtual addresses for
both user and kernel translation.1
2
Which TTBR is used depends only on the VA[63] bit
presented for translation.2
1
2
Documentation/arm64/memory.txt
D5-1711,DDI0487A.a-2
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12. Two Descriptors Type
Table Descriptor
BlockPage Descriptor
Block Desc.: First or second Level descriptor,which bit[1] is 0,
gives the base address of a block of memory.
4KB
64KB
Block Size
1GB & 2MB
512MB
Page Desc.: Third descriptor, gives the base address of a
block of memory.
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13. Table Attributes
Bits[63:59] of descriptor define the attributes for next-level
translation table access.
NSTable[63] Ignored from Non-secure state
APTable[62:61]
APTable[62:61] Effect
00
No effect on permissions in subsequent levels of lookup.
01
Access at EL0 is not permitted.
10
Write access is permitted at any EL.
11
Write access is not permitted at any EL. Read access at EL0 is not neither.
UXNTable[60] Excution Never from EL0
PXNTable[59] Excution Never from EL1
Cache Policies of page table memory is defined by TCR EL1.
¤
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
#i f n d e f
/∗ PTWs
#d e f i n e
#e l s e
/∗ PTWs
#d e f i n e
#e n d i f
CONFIG SMP
c a c h e a b l e , i n n e r / o u t e r WBWA n o t s h a r e a b l e ∗/
TCR FLAGS
TCR IRGN WBWA | TCR ORGN WBWA
c a c h e a b l e , i n n e r / o u t e r WBWA s h a r e a b l e ∗/
TCR FLAGS
TCR IRGN WBWA | TCR ORGN WBWA | TCR SHARED
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14. BlockPage Attributes(1)
UXN,bit[52] Determines whether execution at EL0 of
instructions fetched from the region is permtted.
PXN,bit[51] Determines whether execution at EL1 of
instructions fetched from the region is permtted.
Contiguous, bit[50] A hint bit indicating the translation table
entry is one of a contiguous set of entries. That is, TLB can
cache a single entry to cover the contiguous translation table
entries.
Page Size
4KB
64KB
AARCH64 VMSA Under Linux Kernel
3rd Index Bit Range
0bxxxxx0000
0bxxxxxxxx00000
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15. BlockPage Attributes(2)
nG,bit[11] Determines whether the TLB entry applies to all
ASID values, or only to the current ASID value.nG=0,means
the region is available for all processes.
AF,bit[10] Access flags. 0 indicates a page or block of
memory is accessed for the first time, never hold in TLB, and
an Access flag fault is generated. Linux’s swap usage.
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16. BlockPage Attributes(3)
SH,bits[9:8] Shareability field.
SH[1:0]
00
01
10
11
Normal Memory
Non-shareable
Unpredictable
Outer Shareable
Inner Shareable
AP[2:1],bits[7:6]
AP[2:1]
00
01
10
11
Access from EL1
Read/write
Read/write
Read-only
Read-only
Access from EL0
None
Read/write
None
Read-only
NS,bit[5] Non-secure bit. For memory access from Non-secure
state, this bit is ignored.
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17. BlockPage Attributes(4)
AttrIndx[2:0],bits[4:2] Memory Attributes index field, for the MAIR EL1.
Bits of MAIR EL1 encoded as follows.
Encoding
00RW,RW! =00
0100
01RW,RW! =00
10RW
11RW
Meaning
Write-through transient
Non-Cacheable
Write-back transient
Write-through non-transient
Write-back non-transient
Attr<n>[3:0] Meaning
0000
nGnRnE
0100
nGnRE
1000
nGRE
1100
GRE
Linux Support: 0000,0100,1100
R:Read allocate policy – 0(No)1(Yes)
W:Write allocate policy – 0(No)1(Yes)
Transient hint:an access is unlikely to be repeated in future.
Linux Support:0100,1111
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18. Device Memory Attribute
Gathering
Multiple memory accesses of the same type, read or write, to
the same memory location to be merged into a single
transaction.
Multiple memory accesses of the same type, read or write, to
different memory locations to be merged into a single memory
transaction on an interconnect.
Reordering
The order of transactions is out of program order.
Early Write Acknowledgement
It is a hint to the platform memory system. Assigning the No Early
Write Acknowledgement attribute to a Device memory location
recommends that only the endpoint of the write access returns a
write acknowledgement of the access, and that no earlier point in
the memory system returns a write acknowledge.
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19. Outline
1
Physical Memory
2
Virtual Memory Usage in Linux
3
MMU Behavior
Translation Walk
Memory Attributes
4
Summary
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20. Summary
Big changes for VMSA in AARCH64 Linux:
Virtual address & Physical address extend 48bit.
The pagetable is splited into user and kernel.
Page size supported 4KB & 64KB
Introduce new concept for Device Memory.
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