Integrating agriculture in National Adaptation Plans FAO
This document outlines FAO's support for national adaptation plans (NAPs) under the UNFCCC. It discusses the evolution of the NAP process and FAO's current work, including its role in the UNDP-UNEP Global Support Programme. The programme aims to integrate climate risks and opportunities into national planning and budgeting processes. It will provide $700,000 over 4 years to each participating country to strengthen capacities and mainstream adaptation. The document presents examples of FAO's work with countries to develop NAP roadmaps and align sectoral plans with national priorities. It closes by discussing knowledge sharing and opportunities for collaboration across organizations.
UNDP Support to Climate Change Adaptation Advancing Climate Resilient Livelih...ExternalEvents
The slides look at UNDPs work on resilience and climate change adaptation: training and technology, strengthening policies, institutions, capacities and knowledge and supporting the NAP process.
The presentation was made by Srilata Kammila, Regional Technical Specialist with UNDP on Day 1 of the Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans Workshop from the 5-7 April 2016, Rome, Italy
FAO-UNDP Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans programme (NAP-...UNDP Climate
The FAO-UNDP Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans programme (NAP-Ag) is a multi-year initiative funded by the Government of Germany. As a country driven process, it supports partner countries to identify and integrate climate adaptation measures for the agricultural sector into relevant national planning and budgeting processes. While the focus of the programme is mainly on the agricultural sectors, the results and process used are highly relevant in providing information to other sectors on how to integrate adaptation needs into national planning and budgeting. The Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans programme works with ministries of agriculture in Colombia, Gambia, Guatemala, Nepal, Kenya, the Philippines, Thailand, Uganda, Uruguay, Viet Nam and Zambia. The programme builds on prior adaptation work and focuses on national level processes with some regional activities. Available in Spanish and French.
High-level inter-ministerial workshop held in Hanoi June 6-7, 2017 hosted by the Ministry of Agricultural Development (MARD) of Viet Nam and supported under the Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans (NAP-Ag) Programme. The meeting was attended by over 75 national and provincial level government officials, including MONRE, MARD, MPI and the Ministry of Finance (MOF), UN and development partners, private sector representatives including insurance companies, as well as non-governmental organisations.
Available climate data, gaps and challenges: The experience of MyanmarNAP Events
- Myanmar has observed increasing temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more extreme weather events due to climate change. Further increases in temperature, rainfall changes, and more cyclones, floods, droughts are projected by 2050.
- Myanmar developed a National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) to prioritize adaptation for agriculture, early warning systems, forests, public health, water resources, coastal zones, energy, industry, and biodiversity.
- The goal is for Myanmar to achieve climate resilience and low-carbon development by 2030. Key needs are strengthening capacity, coordination, mainstreaming adaptation into development plans, technology, and financial support.
Integrating agriculture in National Adaptation Plans FAO
This document outlines FAO's support for national adaptation plans (NAPs) under the UNFCCC. It discusses the evolution of the NAP process and FAO's current work, including its role in the UNDP-UNEP Global Support Programme. The programme aims to integrate climate risks and opportunities into national planning and budgeting processes. It will provide $700,000 over 4 years to each participating country to strengthen capacities and mainstream adaptation. The document presents examples of FAO's work with countries to develop NAP roadmaps and align sectoral plans with national priorities. It closes by discussing knowledge sharing and opportunities for collaboration across organizations.
UNDP Support to Climate Change Adaptation Advancing Climate Resilient Livelih...ExternalEvents
The slides look at UNDPs work on resilience and climate change adaptation: training and technology, strengthening policies, institutions, capacities and knowledge and supporting the NAP process.
The presentation was made by Srilata Kammila, Regional Technical Specialist with UNDP on Day 1 of the Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans Workshop from the 5-7 April 2016, Rome, Italy
FAO-UNDP Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans programme (NAP-...UNDP Climate
The FAO-UNDP Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans programme (NAP-Ag) is a multi-year initiative funded by the Government of Germany. As a country driven process, it supports partner countries to identify and integrate climate adaptation measures for the agricultural sector into relevant national planning and budgeting processes. While the focus of the programme is mainly on the agricultural sectors, the results and process used are highly relevant in providing information to other sectors on how to integrate adaptation needs into national planning and budgeting. The Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans programme works with ministries of agriculture in Colombia, Gambia, Guatemala, Nepal, Kenya, the Philippines, Thailand, Uganda, Uruguay, Viet Nam and Zambia. The programme builds on prior adaptation work and focuses on national level processes with some regional activities. Available in Spanish and French.
High-level inter-ministerial workshop held in Hanoi June 6-7, 2017 hosted by the Ministry of Agricultural Development (MARD) of Viet Nam and supported under the Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans (NAP-Ag) Programme. The meeting was attended by over 75 national and provincial level government officials, including MONRE, MARD, MPI and the Ministry of Finance (MOF), UN and development partners, private sector representatives including insurance companies, as well as non-governmental organisations.
Available climate data, gaps and challenges: The experience of MyanmarNAP Events
- Myanmar has observed increasing temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more extreme weather events due to climate change. Further increases in temperature, rainfall changes, and more cyclones, floods, droughts are projected by 2050.
- Myanmar developed a National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) to prioritize adaptation for agriculture, early warning systems, forests, public health, water resources, coastal zones, energy, industry, and biodiversity.
- The goal is for Myanmar to achieve climate resilience and low-carbon development by 2030. Key needs are strengthening capacity, coordination, mainstreaming adaptation into development plans, technology, and financial support.
The document discusses mainstreaming adaptation to climate change into development planning. Mainstreaming means systematically identifying climate risks and opportunities and modifying policies, strategies, and plans wherever necessary to address vulnerabilities across sectors in the long term. It involves taking a development-first approach where climate change is considered an integral part of development planning. The key steps for mainstreaming adaptation are to identify development goals and how they could be affected by climate change, identify which policies and plans need modification to reduce vulnerabilities, identify relevant adaptation options, engage actors responsible for implementation, and identify required resources and capacities as well as barriers. Mainstreaming helps make national investments work for climate change and can improve access to international climate funds.
Presentación realizada en el "Diálogo regional en hambre, inseguridad alimentaria y malnutrición en el Caribe: Desafíos en derecho a la alimentación y gobernanza", evento que se llevó a cabo en Antigua y Barbuda el 1 y 2 de agosto de 2013.
This document discusses adaptation planning support provided by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Readiness Programme. It provides information on:
1) Progress of GCF Readiness support provided to date, with over $29 million approved for 75 countries across regions.
2) Key elements of the adaptation planning process, including country strategies/plans, GCF country programmes, entity work programmes, and project/programme pipelines.
3) Examples of outcomes supported through GCF adaptation planning funding, such as establishing effective adaptation governance coordination, strengthening climate impact analysis and information sharing, and developing financing action plans.
4) The adaptation planning proposal, review, and funding process managed through the GCF Readiness Programme.
Social protection programs in Africa aim to promote livelihoods, provide social assistance, and protect vulnerable populations against risks. However, coverage of social protection is extremely low compared to other regions. While agriculture-led growth can reduce poverty, many Africans remain vulnerable to weather and other shocks. Graduation programs that combine cash transfers with livelihood support have shown the most consistent positive impacts. For social protection systems to be successful in Africa, countries will need to adopt a systems approach and consider design features like coordination, sustainability and national ownership.
Viet Nam experience with CPEIR and climate change finance trackingUNDP Climate
High-level inter-ministerial workshop held in Hanoi June 6-7, 2017 hosted by the Ministry of Agricultural Development (MARD) of Viet Nam and supported under the Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans (NAP-Ag) Programme. The meeting was attended by over 75 national and provincial level government officials, including MONRE, MARD, MPI and the Ministry of Finance (MOF), UN and development partners, private sector representatives including insurance companies, as well as non-governmental organisations.
Integrating climate change risks into planning and budgeting in VetnamExternalEvents
This document summarizes UNDP's efforts to support the integration of climate change adaptation into agriculture sector planning and budgeting in Vietnam. It outlines UNDP's role in making climate change knowledge usable for decision-makers by providing tailored tools and building local capacity. As examples, it describes mapping tools developed for Vietnam that incorporate climate vulnerability into existing planning processes, and how disaster risk reduction tools have been adapted to include climate change analysis. It also discusses the importance of public finance reviews for demonstrating climate-relevant expenditures and raising debates around funding. Key challenges discussed include balancing long-term climate projections with near-term risk management, tailoring tools to different scales, and building on existing government systems.
Integration of adaptation into agriculture sector planning and budgeting in V...UNDP Climate
Jenty Kirsch-Wood, UNDP Viet Nam
Presentation, Recording
· Tools for adaptation decision making should help promote sound risk management (within buffers/margins) not perfectly predict the future
· One size does not fit all. Farmer level tools are generally not helpful to national level planners and vice versa
· Need to be specific: what aspect of climate change are you trying to reflect at what scale
· Need to realistic in expectations: Avoid over-confidence in data. Try to create tools that planners can use to do their job better
· Build on government systems: Stand-alone external processes most likely will not be taken up- even if they are “better” and “more accurate”
· Recognise that everyone is learning: Tools need to evolve over time, and be able to integrate improvements in climate data & methodologies.
· Public expenditure reviews can help make climate change tangible to government
International climate change frameworks related to managing financial costs o...UNDP Climate
High-level inter-ministerial workshop held in Hanoi June 6-7, 2017 hosted by the Ministry of Agricultural Development (MARD) of Viet Nam and supported under the Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans (NAP-Ag) Programme. The meeting was attended by over 75 national and provincial level government officials, including MONRE, MARD, MPI and the Ministry of Finance (MOF), UN and development partners, private sector representatives including insurance companies, as well as non-governmental organisations.
The document discusses components of a National Adaptation Plan (NAP). A NAP is a strategic national plan developed by a country to implement climate change adaptation. It focuses on high-level approaches to reduce vulnerability and build climate resilience. Key elements of a NAP include assessments of climate risks and vulnerabilities, adaptation options, knowledge sharing, policy development, integrating adaptation into development plans, financing strategies, and monitoring frameworks. The document provides guidance for workshop participants to discuss components of a NAP in groups and present their proposed outlines.
Emerging cost related decision making tools for climate change risk in Viet NamUNDP Climate
This document summarizes an inter-ministerial technical workshop in Vietnam on tools for cost-related climate change decision making. It discusses the need for information on assets at risk, historical climate losses, climate impact projections, and adaptation costs to effectively prioritize climate-resilient investments. While Vietnam has collected some data on past damages, gaps remain in integrating climate projections, estimating indirect financial losses, and assessing slow-onset climate impacts. The document proposes strengthening systems for disaster and loss reporting, conducting climate risk assessments, improving inter-ministerial cooperation, and reviewing risk transfer mechanisms to support climate-resilient planning.
Ethiopia institute of agricultural research eiarcenafrica
This project aims to reduce vulnerability of agricultural production in Ethiopia to climate change through application of seasonal climate forecasting and best agricultural practices. The objectives are to 1) create national vulnerability maps, 2) compare seasonal forecasting methods and customize forecasts, 3) assess synergies of adaptation-mitigation strategies with agricultural plans, 4) verify best climate adaptation options, and 5) build institutional capacity. Key activities include vulnerability mapping, forecasting method review, community surveys, adaptation option testing, and trainings. Key deliverables are vulnerability maps, improved forecasts, best adaptation packages, and policy recommendations. Expected outcomes are increased preparedness for climate variability, use of forecasts in farming, alternative land use policies, and enhanced technology use for climate
The document summarizes WFP's experience with weather index insurance in Ethiopia and outlines recommendations to scale up its use. It discusses WFP's mandate on disaster risk reduction and its Livelihoods, Early Assessment and Protection project in Ethiopia, which uses a weather index to trigger safety net assistance. The project helped shift from reactive disaster response to proactive risk management. It also reviews a study on making index insurance schemes more sustainable and scalable through approaches like bundling insurance with other services, strengthening local partners' capacity, and improving weather data infrastructure. Moving forward, WFP plans to continue risk transfer schemes, technical assistance on risk management, and work with partners to develop enabling environments for these tools.
This document discusses mainstreaming climate change adaptation through financing frameworks. It notes the large estimated costs of adaptation versus available climate funds. Countries must integrate climate change into national budgets and planning to address this gap. The adaptation gap is defined as climate damage not addressed by current and projected adaptation levels, as a percentage of total potential damage. Financing frameworks can support National Adaptation Plans by prioritizing adaptation, developing long-term strategies, building capacity, and coordinating monitoring and review of public expenditure and the adaptation gap over time. An online course is proposed to teach these concepts and tools to policymakers and planners.
The document presents a monitoring and evaluation tool developed by the Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG) to assess progress, effectiveness, and gaps in the process of formulating and implementing National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). The tool defines 10 essential functions that encapsulate the expected outcomes of the NAP process. It then establishes generic metrics that can be applied to each function to monitor progress over time and identify areas needing improvement. The tool is intended to help countries strengthen adaptation planning and implementation through a flexible, learning-based approach.
Lessons on Alignment from the NAP Global Support Programme (NAP-GSP) in BhutanNAP Global Network
Presentation by Ugyen Dorji and Netra Sharma, UNDP Bhutan, as part of the webinar " Strengthening Alignment Between Adaptation to Climate Change – Disaster Risk Management – Sustainable Development", held on March 04, 2020.
Farmers field school a holistic methodology for broadbased extensionDiraviam Jayaraj
The document discusses modifications made to the Farmer Field School (FFS) methodology to make it more broad-based and cost-effective. Key modifications include shortening the training period for facilitators from 4-6 months to 1 month, selecting community members instead of extension agents as facilitators, and expanding the subject matter beyond IPM to include other livelihood activities. The holistic FFS approach aims to address multiple aspects of dryland agriculture and livelihood improvement. Short-term training of facilitators and inclusion of various farm and off-farm activities in FFS help broaden its impact and scaling. FFS is highlighted as an empowering methodology that can provide collective solutions through on-farm assessment, group action,
Este documento presenta un curso sobre contenidos educativos digitales que incluye la creación de tableros interactivos con preguntas de opción múltiple para evaluar el aprendizaje. Muestra ejemplos de tableros y pasos para agregar más preguntas y páginas con respuestas. Explica cómo vincular diapositivas y agregar retroalimentación para cuando los estudiantes respondan correcta o incorrectamente.
Refugees, Food Security, and Resilience in Host Communities. 2020resilience
The document summarizes research on the impact of refugees on host communities' food security. While initially refugees and host communities face food security problems, over time markets adapt through labor and goods exchanges. Refugees may increase food production and prices in host areas. More evidence is needed on long-term impacts and how policies can strengthen host resilience, including public goods, infrastructure, and aligning incentives across stakeholders to solve protracted crises. The research agenda should analyze relative impacts of policy options to transition from aid to development.
The document discusses mainstreaming adaptation to climate change into development planning. Mainstreaming means systematically identifying climate risks and opportunities and modifying policies, strategies, and plans wherever necessary to address vulnerabilities across sectors in the long term. It involves taking a development-first approach where climate change is considered an integral part of development planning. The key steps for mainstreaming adaptation are to identify development goals and how they could be affected by climate change, identify which policies and plans need modification to reduce vulnerabilities, identify relevant adaptation options, engage actors responsible for implementation, and identify required resources and capacities as well as barriers. Mainstreaming helps make national investments work for climate change and can improve access to international climate funds.
Presentación realizada en el "Diálogo regional en hambre, inseguridad alimentaria y malnutrición en el Caribe: Desafíos en derecho a la alimentación y gobernanza", evento que se llevó a cabo en Antigua y Barbuda el 1 y 2 de agosto de 2013.
This document discusses adaptation planning support provided by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) Readiness Programme. It provides information on:
1) Progress of GCF Readiness support provided to date, with over $29 million approved for 75 countries across regions.
2) Key elements of the adaptation planning process, including country strategies/plans, GCF country programmes, entity work programmes, and project/programme pipelines.
3) Examples of outcomes supported through GCF adaptation planning funding, such as establishing effective adaptation governance coordination, strengthening climate impact analysis and information sharing, and developing financing action plans.
4) The adaptation planning proposal, review, and funding process managed through the GCF Readiness Programme.
Social protection programs in Africa aim to promote livelihoods, provide social assistance, and protect vulnerable populations against risks. However, coverage of social protection is extremely low compared to other regions. While agriculture-led growth can reduce poverty, many Africans remain vulnerable to weather and other shocks. Graduation programs that combine cash transfers with livelihood support have shown the most consistent positive impacts. For social protection systems to be successful in Africa, countries will need to adopt a systems approach and consider design features like coordination, sustainability and national ownership.
Viet Nam experience with CPEIR and climate change finance trackingUNDP Climate
High-level inter-ministerial workshop held in Hanoi June 6-7, 2017 hosted by the Ministry of Agricultural Development (MARD) of Viet Nam and supported under the Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans (NAP-Ag) Programme. The meeting was attended by over 75 national and provincial level government officials, including MONRE, MARD, MPI and the Ministry of Finance (MOF), UN and development partners, private sector representatives including insurance companies, as well as non-governmental organisations.
Integrating climate change risks into planning and budgeting in VetnamExternalEvents
This document summarizes UNDP's efforts to support the integration of climate change adaptation into agriculture sector planning and budgeting in Vietnam. It outlines UNDP's role in making climate change knowledge usable for decision-makers by providing tailored tools and building local capacity. As examples, it describes mapping tools developed for Vietnam that incorporate climate vulnerability into existing planning processes, and how disaster risk reduction tools have been adapted to include climate change analysis. It also discusses the importance of public finance reviews for demonstrating climate-relevant expenditures and raising debates around funding. Key challenges discussed include balancing long-term climate projections with near-term risk management, tailoring tools to different scales, and building on existing government systems.
Integration of adaptation into agriculture sector planning and budgeting in V...UNDP Climate
Jenty Kirsch-Wood, UNDP Viet Nam
Presentation, Recording
· Tools for adaptation decision making should help promote sound risk management (within buffers/margins) not perfectly predict the future
· One size does not fit all. Farmer level tools are generally not helpful to national level planners and vice versa
· Need to be specific: what aspect of climate change are you trying to reflect at what scale
· Need to realistic in expectations: Avoid over-confidence in data. Try to create tools that planners can use to do their job better
· Build on government systems: Stand-alone external processes most likely will not be taken up- even if they are “better” and “more accurate”
· Recognise that everyone is learning: Tools need to evolve over time, and be able to integrate improvements in climate data & methodologies.
· Public expenditure reviews can help make climate change tangible to government
International climate change frameworks related to managing financial costs o...UNDP Climate
High-level inter-ministerial workshop held in Hanoi June 6-7, 2017 hosted by the Ministry of Agricultural Development (MARD) of Viet Nam and supported under the Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans (NAP-Ag) Programme. The meeting was attended by over 75 national and provincial level government officials, including MONRE, MARD, MPI and the Ministry of Finance (MOF), UN and development partners, private sector representatives including insurance companies, as well as non-governmental organisations.
The document discusses components of a National Adaptation Plan (NAP). A NAP is a strategic national plan developed by a country to implement climate change adaptation. It focuses on high-level approaches to reduce vulnerability and build climate resilience. Key elements of a NAP include assessments of climate risks and vulnerabilities, adaptation options, knowledge sharing, policy development, integrating adaptation into development plans, financing strategies, and monitoring frameworks. The document provides guidance for workshop participants to discuss components of a NAP in groups and present their proposed outlines.
Emerging cost related decision making tools for climate change risk in Viet NamUNDP Climate
This document summarizes an inter-ministerial technical workshop in Vietnam on tools for cost-related climate change decision making. It discusses the need for information on assets at risk, historical climate losses, climate impact projections, and adaptation costs to effectively prioritize climate-resilient investments. While Vietnam has collected some data on past damages, gaps remain in integrating climate projections, estimating indirect financial losses, and assessing slow-onset climate impacts. The document proposes strengthening systems for disaster and loss reporting, conducting climate risk assessments, improving inter-ministerial cooperation, and reviewing risk transfer mechanisms to support climate-resilient planning.
Ethiopia institute of agricultural research eiarcenafrica
This project aims to reduce vulnerability of agricultural production in Ethiopia to climate change through application of seasonal climate forecasting and best agricultural practices. The objectives are to 1) create national vulnerability maps, 2) compare seasonal forecasting methods and customize forecasts, 3) assess synergies of adaptation-mitigation strategies with agricultural plans, 4) verify best climate adaptation options, and 5) build institutional capacity. Key activities include vulnerability mapping, forecasting method review, community surveys, adaptation option testing, and trainings. Key deliverables are vulnerability maps, improved forecasts, best adaptation packages, and policy recommendations. Expected outcomes are increased preparedness for climate variability, use of forecasts in farming, alternative land use policies, and enhanced technology use for climate
The document summarizes WFP's experience with weather index insurance in Ethiopia and outlines recommendations to scale up its use. It discusses WFP's mandate on disaster risk reduction and its Livelihoods, Early Assessment and Protection project in Ethiopia, which uses a weather index to trigger safety net assistance. The project helped shift from reactive disaster response to proactive risk management. It also reviews a study on making index insurance schemes more sustainable and scalable through approaches like bundling insurance with other services, strengthening local partners' capacity, and improving weather data infrastructure. Moving forward, WFP plans to continue risk transfer schemes, technical assistance on risk management, and work with partners to develop enabling environments for these tools.
This document discusses mainstreaming climate change adaptation through financing frameworks. It notes the large estimated costs of adaptation versus available climate funds. Countries must integrate climate change into national budgets and planning to address this gap. The adaptation gap is defined as climate damage not addressed by current and projected adaptation levels, as a percentage of total potential damage. Financing frameworks can support National Adaptation Plans by prioritizing adaptation, developing long-term strategies, building capacity, and coordinating monitoring and review of public expenditure and the adaptation gap over time. An online course is proposed to teach these concepts and tools to policymakers and planners.
The document presents a monitoring and evaluation tool developed by the Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG) to assess progress, effectiveness, and gaps in the process of formulating and implementing National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). The tool defines 10 essential functions that encapsulate the expected outcomes of the NAP process. It then establishes generic metrics that can be applied to each function to monitor progress over time and identify areas needing improvement. The tool is intended to help countries strengthen adaptation planning and implementation through a flexible, learning-based approach.
Lessons on Alignment from the NAP Global Support Programme (NAP-GSP) in BhutanNAP Global Network
Presentation by Ugyen Dorji and Netra Sharma, UNDP Bhutan, as part of the webinar " Strengthening Alignment Between Adaptation to Climate Change – Disaster Risk Management – Sustainable Development", held on March 04, 2020.
Farmers field school a holistic methodology for broadbased extensionDiraviam Jayaraj
The document discusses modifications made to the Farmer Field School (FFS) methodology to make it more broad-based and cost-effective. Key modifications include shortening the training period for facilitators from 4-6 months to 1 month, selecting community members instead of extension agents as facilitators, and expanding the subject matter beyond IPM to include other livelihood activities. The holistic FFS approach aims to address multiple aspects of dryland agriculture and livelihood improvement. Short-term training of facilitators and inclusion of various farm and off-farm activities in FFS help broaden its impact and scaling. FFS is highlighted as an empowering methodology that can provide collective solutions through on-farm assessment, group action,
Este documento presenta un curso sobre contenidos educativos digitales que incluye la creación de tableros interactivos con preguntas de opción múltiple para evaluar el aprendizaje. Muestra ejemplos de tableros y pasos para agregar más preguntas y páginas con respuestas. Explica cómo vincular diapositivas y agregar retroalimentación para cuando los estudiantes respondan correcta o incorrectamente.
Refugees, Food Security, and Resilience in Host Communities. 2020resilience
The document summarizes research on the impact of refugees on host communities' food security. While initially refugees and host communities face food security problems, over time markets adapt through labor and goods exchanges. Refugees may increase food production and prices in host areas. More evidence is needed on long-term impacts and how policies can strengthen host resilience, including public goods, infrastructure, and aligning incentives across stakeholders to solve protracted crises. The research agenda should analyze relative impacts of policy options to transition from aid to development.
The document provides facts about the platypus, an unusual semi-aquatic egg-laying mammal that is found in eastern Australia, including Tasmania. It notes that the platypus has a duck-bill, beaver tail, and mole-like body, and that males have poisonous spurs. It also lists some predators of the platypus and provides additional details on their sleeping habits, swimming, burrowing behavior, and the lack of a plural term for multiple platypus.
The document discusses the history and development of the internet and world wide web. It provides details on common internet uses like communication via email and instant messaging. Internet access is gained through internet service providers. Browsers like Firefox and Internet Explorer allow users to access web pages by entering URLs. The document also covers online shopping, social networking, search tools, and security considerations for electronic commerce.
A man has been selling ice cream in the Greater Boston area for 66 years, only stopping for 22 months during his military service, and is very well known in the community due to his long career. A record-breaking sweet potato weighing 81 pounds was grown in Spain on March 8, 2004, and sweet potatoes are high in starch.
This document discusses different types of scanning devices such as flatbed scanners, portable scanners, magnetic card readers, and RFID. It also covers character and mark recognition devices like MICR, OCR, and OMR. Finally, it describes monitor features including resolution, dot pitch, and refresh rate.
This document discusses basic application software, including common features like graphical user interfaces, icons, windows, menus, and toolbars. It describes Microsoft Office 2007's new ribbon interface and contextual tabs. It also provides examples of common basic applications like word processors, spreadsheets, integrated packages, and software suites. The document explains how data can be shared between applications using copy and paste functions or Object Linking and Embedding.
Building resilience for food & nutrition security: Grassroots Perspective (SA...2020resilience
May 15 in Side Event "Promoting Cross-Border Learning to Increase the Resilience of Poor Women and Their Families Throughout South Asia". Presented by the Tarayana Foundation.
This document discusses the key components of a computer system unit. It describes the different types of system units including desktops, notebooks, tablets, and handhelds. It then explains how data and instructions are stored electronically using binary coding. The main components that make up a system unit are described in detail, including the system board, microprocessor, memory types, expansion slots, ports, cables, and power supply.
La ciencia y el método científico trabajo 2 cc.nnScarlet Rojas
La Tierra se formó hace aproximadamente 4,600 millones de años a partir de una nebulosa que colapsó y se contrajo, lo que aumentó su velocidad de rotación. Los fragmentos que se desprendieron colisionaron y se unieron, formando protoplanetas que con el tiempo dieron lugar a los planetas de nuestro Sistema Solar, incluida la Tierra. La Luna también se formó como resultado de una serie de colisiones de protoplanetas.
Building the resilience of the poor through sustainable land management in Ce...2020resilience
May 15 in Side Event " Building Resilience for the Poor Through Sustainable Land Management". Presented by Alisher Mirzabaev, University of Bonn and ZEF.
El documento describe la fisiología del gusto. Explica que el gusto se detecta a través de quimiorreceptores localizados en las papilas gustativas de la lengua, paladar y garganta. Estos receptores detectan cinco sabores básicos (salado, dulce, agrio, amargo y umami) y transmiten la información a través de nervios craneales al cerebro. También describe los mecanismos de transducción de señales en los receptores gustativos y las vías nerviosas involucradas en la percepción del
Nutirtion as an input and outcome of resilience2020resilience
This document discusses integrating nutrition into resilience programming. It notes that many countries face high levels of food insecurity and malnutrition, and that resilience efforts cannot succeed without also addressing nutrition. The document calls for making resilience programs more nutrition-sensitive by strengthening nutrition in policies and information systems, and by designing multi-sectoral prevention, preparedness and response efforts based on nutritional vulnerability analyses. Key actions include monitoring nutritional status indicators, integrating nutrition education into programs, and linking social protection to resilience and nutrition frameworks.
The document discusses the key components of an information system and computers. It defines the five parts of an information system as people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. It distinguishes between the different types of system software and application software, and describes the four main types of computers and microcomputers. The document also discusses computer hardware components like the system unit, input/output devices, storage, and communication devices. It defines data and the different types of files used to store it.
Interpretacion de hemograma automatizadoScarlet Rojas
Este documento describe los diferentes tipos de hemogramas según los parámetros que incluyen y la tecnología utilizada para obtenerlos. Explica que el hemograma tipo VI es el más completo ya que incluye más de 30 parámetros obtenidos con autoanalizadores de hematología de última generación. El objetivo del documento es presentar a médicos y profesionales de laboratorio clínico aspectos relevantes para la interpretación clínica de cada parámetro del hemograma tipo VI, considerando sus indicaciones y limitaciones.
Harpa is a major concert hall in Reykjavik with 300,000 square feet of space that can seat up to 1,800 people. Haukadalur is a group of geysers connected to hot springs in the same valley. Gullfoss is a stair-like waterfall in southwest Iceland that forms the golden circle tour. Laugardalsvöllur is Iceland's national stadium that can seat 15,427 people and Árbæjarsafn is a remnant of Old Reykjavik that is still used as a farm today.
Social Protection and Agriculture – Findings from Ethiopia’s Productive Safet...essp2
The document outlines findings from Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) and key lessons that can inform social protection programs. The PSNP aimed to address food insecurity and promote development. It provided predictable multi-year support to nearly 8 million people through public works projects, direct support, and other initiatives. Evaluations found the PSNP reduced food gaps and increased investments in areas like fertilizer and soil conservation. Key lessons included the importance of government ownership, integration with broader development goals, coordination among stakeholders, targeting approaches, monitoring and evaluation, and opportunities for ongoing learning and adjustment of programs.
The Impact of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Nets Programme: 2006-2012essp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI). Conference on "Towards what works in Rural Development in Ethiopia: Evidence on the Impact of Investments and Policies". December 13, 2013. Hilton Hotel, Addis Ababa.
A review of the Ethiopian context
Presented by IWMI's Gebrehaweria Gebregziabher at a Roundtable on Building Resilience to Climate Change through Community Dialogues held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 20, 2016
Kenya Case Study - FAO-UNDP Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Pl...UNDP Climate
The document provides details about Kenya's efforts to integrate agriculture into its national adaptation planning process. Some key points:
- Kenya has developed advanced national climate policies, strategies, and plans, including its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) from 2015, which supports the country's constitution and development goals.
- The NAP process in Kenya aligns with UNFCCC guidelines and focuses on reducing vulnerability and integrating adaptation into all sectors. Significant efforts have been made to implement agricultural sector interventions through frameworks like the Climate-Smart Agriculture Strategy.
- The UNDP-FAO NAP-Ag programme is working closely with six Kenyan ministries to ensure successful integration of agriculture into adaptation planning and implementation. Since 2016
How do households balance risk and return when new economic opportunities arise? Can nancial-services interventions help households cope with the increased risk that often accompanies new, high-return opportunities? We randomly assigned rural households in Mozambique to subsidies for modern agricultural inputs, formal savings facilitation programs (either a \basic" or a \matched" savings program), or both sub-
sidy and savings programs. Households receiving only subsidies raised their subsequent consumption levels, but also faced greater risk (higher consumption variability). Households receiving both programs saw simi-
lar increases in consumption, but a much smaller increase in variability. This risk-reduction occurs alongside (and is possibly partly the result of) adjustments in broad \portfolios" of intertemporal activities (asset hold-
ings, borrowing, and investments). A program oering generous savings matches (without input subsidies) has similar impacts as the combination of basic savings and subsidies. While households appear willing to take
on the increased risk associated with high-return opportunities, facilitating formal savings can help households oset a substantial part of the increased risk.
Socio-economic scenarios to develop and test agricultural adaptation policies...Marieke Veeger
A multi-stakeholder process was used to develop four scenarios for the agriculture sectors in Central America and the Andes region. The scenarios explored different socioeconomic and climate futures. Government policies and adaptation plans for Honduras and Colombia were tested across the scenarios. This led to improvements in the plans, including adding new strategic objectives and elements. The scenario process directly engaged stakeholders and helped ensure the policies would be robust across a range of uncertain futures and have a greater likelihood of achieving climate-smart agriculture goals.
Poster presented at CSA Conference 2015 in Montpellier by Marieke Veeger and Joost Vervoort.
Read more about the conference: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.
This document summarizes the work of IFPRI in assessing the impacts of the global crisis triggered by the Russia-Ukraine war across multiple countries. Phase 1 uses country-level models to evaluate the effects on economies and populations. Phase 2 will quantify and compare the effectiveness of different policy responses. Preliminary results show GDP falls in most countries, though impacts vary widely. Rising fuel prices are typically the main driver of economic losses. Food and fertilizer price shocks most affect poverty and food security. The crisis could increase the poor population by 17 million and undernourished by 15 million, while deteriorating diets for 73 million people.
Introduction to the NAP and NAMA processes and the relation to climate financeFAO
National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) are two processes introduced by the UNFCCC for developing countries to plan and implement climate adaptation and mitigation actions. FAO is working with countries to integrate agriculture into NAPs and identify NAMAs in the agriculture sector. International climate finance can help support NAP and NAMA implementation through funds like the Green Climate Fund. Private sector engagement and investment is important for NAMAs to be sustainable and leverage additional financing.
Addressing Chronic Food Insecurity in the Horn of AfricaFrederic Mousseau
This document summarizes a report on addressing chronic food insecurity in the Horn of Africa. It finds that while promising new approaches have been tried, limitations remain. The Productive Safety Net Programme in Ethiopia has helped many, but questions remain around its sustainability and ability to promote graduation from food insecurity. Disaster risk reduction efforts by donors and governments are fragmented and not well integrated with humanitarian responses. Food aid reform is also needed to allow more appropriate and cost-effective responses, such as local procurement and cash transfers. Overall, while innovations show potential, a lack of coordination, commitment and follow-through remains an obstacle to fully addressing the region's food insecurity challenges.
Module 5: Financing mechanisms and sources – the FAO Learning tool on Nationa...FAO
The document discusses financing mechanisms and sources for Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in the agriculture, forestry, and other land use sector. It outlines that NAMAs require financing for implementation which can come from domestic public and private sources as well as international sources. Some key international sources discussed include the Green Climate Fund, NAMA Facility, and Global Environment Facility. Criteria for financing from these sources include demonstrating mitigation potential and support for sustainable development. Examples are provided of NAMAs in countries like Costa Rica and Mongolia that have received financial support.
The document provides an overview of the third evaluation of the PREGEC Charter and its results. The evaluation had two main objectives: 1) to assess the effectiveness of regional solidarity mechanisms in responding to food and nutrition crises, and 2) to assess the contribution of social protection programmes to national ambitions to eradicate chronic food and nutrition insecurity. Major findings included that regional solidarity instruments do not have an outcome-based monitoring and evaluation system, social protection coverage is generally low, and there is a lack of coordination between response instruments and no outcome monitoring system. Recommendations focused on improving coordination between different types of programmes, developing shock-responsive social protection, and expanding social protection coverage.
This document summarizes the key lessons learned from food security policy advisory projects in Cambodia, Ethiopia, and Mozambique. The projects aimed to better integrate food and nutrition security into national development policies, strategies, and programs. They found that while the projects raised awareness and established coordination mechanisms, fully integrating food security required engagement across many sectors. Linking policy work with pilot programs helped demonstrate solutions and engage stakeholders. Ensuring political will, strong institutions, local capacity, and continued donor support will be important for sustainability. Overall, the projects highlighted the cross-cutting nature of food security and the need for a coordinated, multisectoral approach to policy integration.
Presentations by speakers at the CCAFS' "Planning Climate Adaptation in Agriculture" Side Event during the UNFCCC SB 40 climate negotiations in Bonn. Speakers are: Gabrielle Kissinger, David Kaluba, David Howlett and Pradeep Kurukulasuriya.
http://ccafs.cgiar.org/blog/mainstreaming-agriculture-national-adaptation-plans-0#.U7jmRPldW8w
Nutrition element portfolio review usaid_ Roshelle Payes & Rebecca Egan_10.14.11CORE Group
The document discusses USAID's nutrition approach, outlining its principles, components, target areas, and role of operating units. It provides context on the global burden of undernutrition and its causes. It then describes the recent shift in global and USAID nutrition strategies from vertical to integrated approaches, from under-fives targeting to the 1000-day window, from nutrient-specific to diet quality measures, from recuperative to preventive focus, and from health platforms to multi-sectoral delivery. It poses questions about reaching the 30% undernutrition reduction goal and delivering comprehensive nutrition interventions at scale through integrated frameworks.
1. FAO, WFP, and UNICEF drafted a Joint Resilience Strategy for Somalia in May 2012 to strengthen the nexus between food security, livelihoods, and basic social services to build long-term resilience.
2. The strategy has three building blocks: enhanced productive sectors, access to basic social services, and safety nets for social protection.
3. Implementation will focus on different livelihood groups across Somalia, starting in selected districts, through programming aligned with communities and partners to promote cross-sectoral approaches.
There is potential for synergies between social protection and agriculture policies to reduce poverty. Coordinating cash transfers with agricultural assistance can help households address basic needs and invest in economic activities. Evidence shows combined interventions have positive impacts on investment, food security, and productivity. However, political and institutional challenges like lack of cross-sector coordination must be addressed. Aligning targeting, avoiding unintended price impacts, and building stakeholder consensus are keys to realizing coherence between social protection and agriculture. While combined programs cannot solve poverty alone, coherence can help mitigate rural out-migration by improving income opportunities.
Food and Agriculture in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development - Perspec...FAO
FIRST Webinar #1 - Implementing Sustainable Food and Agriculture in the Context of the 2030 Agenda
This webinar is organized jointly with the European Commission Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development, in the framework of the FAO-EU Partnership Programme: Food and Nutrition Security Impact, Resilience, Sustainability and Transformation (FIRST).
SPEAKERS:
Mr Jean-Marc Faurès, Senior Programme Officer, FAO Strategic Programme on Sustainable Agriculture
Mr Attaher Maiga, FAO Representative to Rwanda
Find out more about FIRST, FAO-EU Partnership Programme: http://www.fao.org/europeanunion/eu-projects/first/en/
The document discusses climate change challenges and opportunities in Ghana, and the need for climate finance. It notes that climate change affects Ghana's development prospects now by posing risks but also opportunities through new international support mechanisms. Ghana's climate policy addresses adapting to impacts and mitigating emissions through climate-resilient and low-carbon development. Effective response requires significant financial flows above what has been committed. The document outlines MoFEP's roles in mobilizing, locating, implementing, and tracking climate finance through the national budget and public financial management systems to build large-scale response and integrate funding into wider development planning and processes.
DRM Webinar I: Governing and managing disaster risk in the agriculture sectorFAO
Over the past decade, economic damages resulting from natural hazards have amounted to USD 1.5 trillion caused by geophysical hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis and landslides, as well as hydro-meteorological hazards, including storms, floods, droughts and wild fires. Climate-related disasters, in particular, are increasing worldwide and expected to intensify with climate change. They disproportionately affect food insecure, poor people – over 75 percent of whom derive their livelihoods from agriculture. Agricultural livelihoods can only be protected from multiple hazards if adequate disaster risk reduction and management efforts are strengthened within and across sectors, anchored in the context-specific needs of local livelihoods systems.
This series of three webinars on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRR/M) in agriculture is organized to:
1. Discuss the new opportunities and pressing challenges in reducing and managing disaster risk in agriculture;
2. Learn and share experiences about disaster risk reduction and management good practices based on concrete examples from the field; discuss how to create evidence and conditions for upscaling of good practices; and
3. Exchange experiences and knowledge with partners around resilience to natural hazards and climate-related disasters.
The webinar covers:
• Institutional capacity development for DRM for resilience, food security and nutrition
• Mainstreaming DRM in agriculture sector planning
• Linking planning and capacity development for DRM, resilience and climate change adaptation (CCA)
Similar to Resilience Policy: Some Notes From Ethiopias PSNP (20)
Building institutional capacity for information, monitroting and measurement ...2020resilience
The document discusses building institutional capacity for statistics in Ethiopia. It notes that building capacity through developing human resources, legal frameworks, and statistical infrastructure helps create good governance and reliable data. Ethiopia's Central Statistical Agency has focused on training statisticians, strengthening branches with computers, and collaborating with other organizations. Challenges include retaining staff and improving office infrastructure, but lessons from Ethiopia's efforts include owning new techniques, prioritizing agriculture and nutrition data, allocating an annual budget, and utilizing new technologies.
Building resilience by strengthening governance and accountability of post-di...2020resilience
May 17 in Parallel Session 8C "Building resilience by strengthening governance and accountability". Presented by Suprayoga Hadi, Deputy Minister for the Development of Disadvantaged Regions, Indonesia.
Is Better Global Governance of the Food System the Answer to Improve Resilience?2020resilience
May 16 in Parallel Session 3D "Food Price Spikes & Financial Crises: Dealing with Regional and International Market Shocks". Presented by Maximo Torero, IFPRI.
Addressing Social, Health, Nutrition, and Political Shocks2020resilience
The Democratic Republic of the Congo faces an ongoing humanitarian crisis due to protracted conflict and political instability. While there was optimism during the 2003-2006 political transition, the eastern region remains unstable with ongoing violence and displacement of people. Agriculture and food security are largely neglected by the government despite high rates of malnutrition. Food imports have increased substantially while export crops receive little support. Building resilience among communities will be challenging given reliance on emergency aid and weak government institutions.
Lessons Learned from Building Resilience in South Sudan2020resilience
South Sudan gained independence in 2011 with 8.5 million people whose main livelihoods are agriculture, livestock, and fishing, though urban areas depend on food imports. Political instability, declining oil production and taxes, natural disasters, and weak policies have influenced food insecurity. Over 4 in 5 households can meet needs without unsustainable coping strategies, while at least 1 in 5 have minimal food consumption and cannot afford other needs without irreversible strategies. To improve resilience, interventions must address instability, diversify agriculture, strengthen coping strategies, and improve production and market linkages. South Sudan relies heavily on oil exports, so the economy must diversify income generation, especially through prioritizing agriculture.
Harnessing Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Approaches for Improved Resilience2020resilience
1) The document discusses ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) approaches for improving resilience in Africa and implications for policy.
2) It provides examples from Mozambique, Togo, and Burkina Faso that demonstrate how relatively small investments in ecosystem rehabilitation can significantly increase water access, food security, and livelihood opportunities.
3) The author argues that current food security policies focus too much on agricultural productivity and trade while neglecting the central role of ecosystem management. Effective policies should value ecosystems as productive assets and invest in ecosystem restoration to maintain the supply of wild foods and income sources.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
3. Introduction
Policy
Goals – objectives or targets that are to be attained or promoted;
Instruments – means deployed to achieve policy goals or targets;
Causal framework – summarises the expected link between
instruments and goals;
Resilience
the capability to anticipate risk, limit impact, and bounce back rapidly
through survival, adaptability, evolution, and growth in the face of,
sometimes considerable, change.
Resilience policy
4. Premise and aim
Premise
Significant commonalities in East Africa - chronic food
insecurity and attendant causes and consequences;
Lessons can be distilled from country-level experiences;
These lessons may inform other initiatives at the country
and/or regional levels;
Aim
highlight key lessons from the PSNP for future resilience-
related interventions; particularly those involving
cooperation between donors, governments, and other
stakeholders;
5. The PSNP
Motivation
the drought of 2002-03;
New Coalition for Food Security in Ethiopia (2003)
Features
Coordination and commitment – donors (9), government;
Predictability - multi-year planning and financing;
Combine transfers with asset building – PW plus direct support ;
Integrated with the broader development agenda;
Large
o Beneficiaries - Up to 8 million persons, nearly 300 woredas (40%);
o Cost - US$1.5 billion (2005-09); US$2.1 billion (2010-14)
6. The PSNP
Impact
Five years (2006-2010) of participation in the PSNP-PW:
o reduced the length of the last hungry season by 1.29 months;
o raises livestock holdings by 0.38 tropical livestock units;
Impact of access to the PSNP along with the OFSP/HABP is
even higher:
o length of the last hungry season lower by 1.5 months per year; and
o livestock holdings higher by 0.99 TLU;
o fertilizer use rose, investments in agriculture increased, and crop
yields increased
Note: these impacts occurred against the background of rising
food prices and widespread drought
7. Key Lessons
Crisis can be an opportunity – 2002-03 drought and PSNP;
Principles:
Ownership – Government program;
Integration – part of the national development effort/plan;
Coordination – among donors, donors and government,
within government;
Complementarity – addressing emergency, enhancing
resilience, and promoting development (E.g. Drought Risk
Financing (DRF))
8. Key Lessons
Process
Dialogue – genuine;
What and how – implementation strategy;
Monitoring and evaluation
a part of the initial design and mutual understanding;
independent but collaborative – government, donors, the
national statistical agency, external evaluators;
interim rigorous evaluations – three so far;
o Create opportunities to learn and adjust (Payroll and Attendance Sheet
System (PASS), Client cards )
o Help bridge results-based budgeting and longer term programming
designed to achieve impact