AUTONOMOUS LEARNING

1. UniversidaddelasFuerzasArmadasESPE
UnidaddeEducaciónaDistancia
A12.MAYORGA.ROBERTO.INDEPENDENT STUDY
METHODS.

2. WHAT IS AUTONOMOUS LEARNING?
1.The process in which individuals take responsibility for their learning.
2. Term for an individual's focus on and control of learning rather than a
teacher.
3. refers to the student engaging in the learning environment
independent of instructor guidance/supervision and peer
interaction/communication. She/he takes primary responsibility for
her/his learning needs and goals, as well as for self-assessment of work
completed.

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTONOMOUS LEARNER
• know their needs and work productively with the teacher towards the
achievement of their objectives.
• learn both inside and outside the classroom.
• can take classroom based material and can build on it.
• know how to use resources independently.
• learn with active thinking.
• adjust their learning strategies when necessary to improve learning.
• manage and divide the time in learning properly.

4. STEPS TO INCREASE
AUTONOMY IN THE CLASSROOM
1) Stop spoon-feeding
Students have become accustomed to teachers telling them everything they need to do and the way in
which they must do it to the extent that they are unable to think for themselves when faced with an out
of school situation.
Students must learn to develop independence; there’s always the fear that what they think will be wrong
and that there is a right and wrong in regards to everything, but if they are not given the option to
think, it will be difficult for them to differentiate between the two.

5. STEPS TO INCREASE
AUTONOMY IN THE CLASSROOM
2)Implement autonomy
Students need to learn to be independent and need to know when to use it and when to seek advice so set
the assignment is to complete it through the use of their own initiative and see where that takes them.
3) Increase responsibility
To feel truly motivated and ambitious, and to succeed and do well, students need to be given responsibility
a position of leadership and guidance to others and doing this can increase autonomy and engagement.
4) Start early
Autonomous learning cannot be taught but rather, students can be exposed to autonomy; the earlier they
the faster they will learn to trust their own instincts.
By doing this, you as the teacher are able to see their ability and explore how you can help and guide them
5) Encourage creativity
If you want to adapt your current teaching techniques to encourage autonomy from your students, explore
itself to students working independently in order to become autonomous learners.

7. COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES
Communication strategies are employed by speakers when
confronted with some difficulties because of the fact that their
communication was misunderstood or was not caught clearly. Hedge
(2000) also states that learners use communication strategies in
order to make them understood and to maintain a conversation;
these strategies contain gesture, mime, synonym, and paraphrases.
The significance of these strategies is to help learners get involved in
conversations when they practice the language and to assist learners
in getting their message across or clarify what the speaker conveyed.

8. COGNITIVE STRATEGIES
Hedge (2000) defines cognitive strategies as “thought
processes used directly in learning which enables learners to
deal with the information presented in tasks and materials by
working on it in different ways”. According to Tudor (1996),
cognitive strategies include:
Repetition: repeating a chunk of language (a word or phrase)
in the course of performing language task.
Resourcing: Using available reference sources of information
about the target language, including dictionaries, textbooks,
and prior work.
Grouping: Ordering, classifying or labeling material used in a
language task based on common attributes; recalling
information based on grouping previously done.

9. META-COGNITIVE STRATEGIES
“Metacognitive strategies are actions which go beyond purely cognitive
devices, which provide a way for learners to coordinate their own
learning process”. Some of these strategies are:
Planning: previewing the organizing concept or principle of an
anticipated learning task (advance organization); proposing strategies
for handling an upcoming task; generating a plan for the parts,
sequence, main ideas, or language functions to be used in handling a
task (organizational planning).
Directed attention: Deciding in advance to attend in general to a
learning task and to ignore irrelevant destructors; maintaining attention
during task execution.

10. META-COGNITIVE STRATEGIES
“Metacognitive strategies are actions which go beyond purely cognitive
devices, which provide a way for learners to coordinate their own
learning process”. Some of these strategies are:
Planning: previewing the organizing concept or principle of an
anticipated learning task (advance organization); proposing strategies
for handling an upcoming task; generating a plan for the parts,
sequence, main ideas, or language functions to be used in handling a
task (organizational planning).
Directed attention: Deciding in advance to attend in general to a
learning task and to ignore irrelevant destructors; maintaining attention
during task execution.
REFERENCES:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WTkAs_jSzs&t=433s
http://www.spencerauthor.com/metacognition/
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/characteristics-of-autonomous-learners-education-essay.php