International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
This document summarizes methods for protecting against distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It discusses traditional DDoS attack methods like ICMP floods and SYN floods. It also describes more advanced distributed techniques used by botsnets, including Trinoo, Tribe Flood Network, Stacheldraht, Shaft, and TFN2K. The document recommends ways to safeguard a network, such as using load balancing across multiple servers, increasing bandwidth capacity, and securing the DNS server. Protecting the network requires understanding various DDoS attack types and deployment of appropriate defenses.
Preventing Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Cloud Environments IJITCA Journal
Distributed-Denial of Service (DDoS) is a key intimidation to network security. Network is a group of
nodes that interrelate with each other for switch over the information. This information is necessary for
that node is reserved confidentially. Attacker in the system may capture this private information and
distorted. So security is the major issue. There are several security attacks in network. One of the major
intimidations to internet examine is DDoS attack. It is a malevolent effort to suspending or suspends
services to destination node. DDoS or DoS is an effort to create network resource or the machine is busy to
its intentional user. Numerous thoughts are developed for avoid the DDoS or DoS. DDoS occur in two
different behaviors they may happen obviously or it may due to some attackers .Various schemes are
developed defense against to this attack. The Main focus of paper is present basis of DDoS attack, DDoS
attack types, and DDoS attack components, intrusion prevention system for DDoS.
This report details various security vulnerabilities facing organisations that are connected to the Internet. It focuses primarily on Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, providing an understanding of how these types of attacks are carried out and outlines the current technological resources available to provide countermeasures to DoS attacks. The recommendations provided at the end of the report allow organisations to gain the ability to minimise the harmful impact that DoS attacks can inflict upon their business.
PASSWORD BASED SCHEME AND GROUP TESTING FOR DEFENDING DDOS ATTACKSIJNSA Journal
DOS ATTACKS ARE ONE OF THE TOP SECURITY PROBLEMS AFFECTING NETWORKS AND DISRUPTING SERVICES TO
LEGITIMATE USERS. THE VITAL STEP IN DEALING WITH THIS PROBLEM IS THE NETWORK'S ABILITY TO DETECT SUCH
ATTACKS. APPLICATION DDOS ATTACK, WHICH AIMS AT DISRUPTING APPLICATION SERVICE RATHER THAN
DEPLETING THE NETWORK RESOURCE. UP TO NOW ALL THE RESEARCHES MADE ON THIS DDOS ATTACKS ONLY
CONCENTRATES EITHER ON NETWORK RESOURCES OR ON APPLICATION SERVERS BUT NOT ON BOTH. IN THIS PAPER
WE PROPOSED A SOLUTION FOR BOTH THESE PROBLEMS BY AUTHENTICATION METHODS AND GROUP TESTING.
IRJET- A Survey on DDOS Attack in ManetIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins by introducing MANETs and some of the key security issues they face, including DDoS attacks. It then discusses different types of DDoS attacks like flooding and amplification/reflection attacks. The document proposes a new defense scheme against amplification attacks, which exploit protocols like DNS and NTP to amplify traffic. It describes using the Network Security Simulator to model and simulate DDoS attacks with master, zombie, and server entities to evaluate defense techniques and compare the impact of protocols like DNS and NTP.
Study of flooding based d do s attacks and their effect using deter testbedeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document provides an overview of threats affecting payments, including denial of service attacks, social engineering/phishing, malware, and emerging threats from new technologies. It summarizes the main types of denial of service attacks seen in 2016 such as flooding, protocol, and application layer attacks. These attacks are growing in size and frequency due to the rise of infected IoT devices. Social engineering and phishing attempts are also discussed, including common methods like posing as friends/authorities or fake recovery schemes. The document recommends controls for payment service providers to mitigate these threats.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes methods for protecting against distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It discusses traditional DDoS attack methods like ICMP floods and SYN floods. It also describes more advanced distributed techniques used by botsnets, including Trinoo, Tribe Flood Network, Stacheldraht, Shaft, and TFN2K. The document recommends ways to safeguard a network, such as using load balancing across multiple servers, increasing bandwidth capacity, and securing the DNS server. Protecting the network requires understanding various DDoS attack types and deployment of appropriate defenses.
Preventing Distributed Denial of Service Attacks in Cloud Environments IJITCA Journal
Distributed-Denial of Service (DDoS) is a key intimidation to network security. Network is a group of
nodes that interrelate with each other for switch over the information. This information is necessary for
that node is reserved confidentially. Attacker in the system may capture this private information and
distorted. So security is the major issue. There are several security attacks in network. One of the major
intimidations to internet examine is DDoS attack. It is a malevolent effort to suspending or suspends
services to destination node. DDoS or DoS is an effort to create network resource or the machine is busy to
its intentional user. Numerous thoughts are developed for avoid the DDoS or DoS. DDoS occur in two
different behaviors they may happen obviously or it may due to some attackers .Various schemes are
developed defense against to this attack. The Main focus of paper is present basis of DDoS attack, DDoS
attack types, and DDoS attack components, intrusion prevention system for DDoS.
This report details various security vulnerabilities facing organisations that are connected to the Internet. It focuses primarily on Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, providing an understanding of how these types of attacks are carried out and outlines the current technological resources available to provide countermeasures to DoS attacks. The recommendations provided at the end of the report allow organisations to gain the ability to minimise the harmful impact that DoS attacks can inflict upon their business.
PASSWORD BASED SCHEME AND GROUP TESTING FOR DEFENDING DDOS ATTACKSIJNSA Journal
DOS ATTACKS ARE ONE OF THE TOP SECURITY PROBLEMS AFFECTING NETWORKS AND DISRUPTING SERVICES TO
LEGITIMATE USERS. THE VITAL STEP IN DEALING WITH THIS PROBLEM IS THE NETWORK'S ABILITY TO DETECT SUCH
ATTACKS. APPLICATION DDOS ATTACK, WHICH AIMS AT DISRUPTING APPLICATION SERVICE RATHER THAN
DEPLETING THE NETWORK RESOURCE. UP TO NOW ALL THE RESEARCHES MADE ON THIS DDOS ATTACKS ONLY
CONCENTRATES EITHER ON NETWORK RESOURCES OR ON APPLICATION SERVERS BUT NOT ON BOTH. IN THIS PAPER
WE PROPOSED A SOLUTION FOR BOTH THESE PROBLEMS BY AUTHENTICATION METHODS AND GROUP TESTING.
IRJET- A Survey on DDOS Attack in ManetIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins by introducing MANETs and some of the key security issues they face, including DDoS attacks. It then discusses different types of DDoS attacks like flooding and amplification/reflection attacks. The document proposes a new defense scheme against amplification attacks, which exploit protocols like DNS and NTP to amplify traffic. It describes using the Network Security Simulator to model and simulate DDoS attacks with master, zombie, and server entities to evaluate defense techniques and compare the impact of protocols like DNS and NTP.
Study of flooding based d do s attacks and their effect using deter testbedeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document provides an overview of threats affecting payments, including denial of service attacks, social engineering/phishing, malware, and emerging threats from new technologies. It summarizes the main types of denial of service attacks seen in 2016 such as flooding, protocol, and application layer attacks. These attacks are growing in size and frequency due to the rise of infected IoT devices. Social engineering and phishing attempts are also discussed, including common methods like posing as friends/authorities or fake recovery schemes. The document recommends controls for payment service providers to mitigate these threats.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack is an attack meant to shut down a machine or network, making it inaccessible to its intended users. DoS attacks accomplish this by flooding the target with traffic, or sending it information that triggers a crash. In both instances, the DoS attack deprives legitimate users (i.e. employees, members, or account holders) of the service or resource they expected.
Victims of DoS attacks often target web servers of high-profile organizations such as banking, commerce, and media companies, or government and trade organizations
This document summarizes research analyzing the impact of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on file transfer protocol (FTP) services. The researchers created a test network topology in the DETER cybersecurity testbed to simulate FTP traffic between clients and a server. They launched various DDoS attack types against the FTP server to measure the impact on network performance metrics like throughput, link utilization, and packet survival ratio. The attacks were found to degrade these metrics and disrupt the FTP services. The study provides insights into how DDoS attacks negatively impact network services like FTP.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
- The iPremier company experienced a 75-minute distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack early one morning when traffic to their website was minimal. Few employees were aware of the source or extent of the attacks.
- The initial response was considered appropriate as personnel like the CEO and legal counsel avoided rash decisions that could have further harmed the company. However, the company was deficient in several operating procedures for responding to attacks.
- To prepare for future attacks, the company should purchase additional storage for logging data, update emergency procedures, employ more security personnel, and improve network defenses and monitoring. Failure to address deficiencies could result in loss of customer data, lawsuits, and major public relations issues for
This document summarizes a research paper that proposed and evaluated methods for mitigating denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on virtual machines. The paper implemented iptables connection limits on the host machine to prevent excessive connections from attacking IPs. It also tuned network performance by adjusting the receiving window size to maximize bandwidth utilization. The experimental results showed that the iptables security measures protected against DoS/DDoS attacks while window scaling optimization improved network performance during attacks.
This document is a dissertation submitted by Ameya Vashishth in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree. It discusses denial of service (DoS) attacks and mitigation techniques. The dissertation provides an overview of DoS attacks, describes different types of attacks like Smurf, ping flood, TCP SYN flood and UDP flood. It also discusses distributed DoS attacks and recommended tools to perform DDoS attacks. The document concludes with discussing various countermeasures that can be used to mitigate DoS and DDoS attacks.
The document summarizes distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and defenses against them. It provides an overview of DDoS attacks, describes several common DDoS tools (Trinoo, TFN, TFN2K, Stacheldraht), and discusses challenges in defending against them. It also presents a case study of a DDoS attack against the website GRC.com and the difficulties they faced in getting help stopping the attacks. The document advocates for coordinated technical solutions and consistent incentive structures to defend against DDoS attacks.
DISTRIBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE (DDOS) ATTACKS DETECTION MECHANISM ijcseit
Pushback is a mechanism for defending against Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. DDoS
attacks are treated as a congestion-control problem, but because most such congestion is caused by
malicious hosts not obeying traditional end-to-end congestion control, the problem must be handled by the
routers. Functionality is added to each router to detect and preferentially drop packets that probably
belong to an attack. Upstream routers are also notified to drop such packets in order that the router’s
resources be used to route legitimate traffic hence term pushback. Client puzzles have been advocated as a
promising countermeasure to DoS attacks in the recent years. In order to identify the attackers, the victim
server issues a puzzle to the client that sent the traffic. When the client is able to solve the puzzle, it is
assumed to be authentic and the traffic from it is allowed into the server. If the victim suspects that the
puzzles are solved by most of the clients, it increases the complexity of the puzzles. This puzzle solving
technique allows the traversal of the attack traffic throughout the intermediate routers before reaching the
destination. In order to attain the advantages of both pushback and puzzle solving techniques, a hybrid
scheme called Router based Pushback technique, which involves both the techniques to solve the problem
of DDoS attacks is proposed. In this proposal, the puzzle solving mechanism is pushed back to the core
routers rather than having at the victim. The router based client puzzle mechanism checks the host system
whether it is legitimate or not by providing a puzzle to be solved by the suspected host.
IRJET- DDOS Detection System using C4.5 Decision Tree AlgorithmIRJET Journal
This document proposes a machine learning model using the C4.5 decision tree algorithm to detect DDOS attacks. It trains the model on DDOS attack samples from the CICIDS2017 dataset, dividing the samples into training and test data. The Weka data mining tool is used to build the model with attribute filtering and 10-fold cross-validation. The trained model is then validated on the test data to accurately differentiate between benign and DDOS flooding traffic. This combined signature-based and anomaly-based detection approach can effectively detect complex DDOS attacks.
Augmented split –protocol; an ultimate d do s defenderijcsa
Distributed Denials of Service (DDoS) attacks have become the daunting problem for businesses, state
administrator and computer system users. Prevention and detection of a DDoS attack is a major research
topic for researchers throughout the world. As new remedies are developed to prevent or mitigate DDoS
attacks, invaders are continually evolving new methods to circumvent these new procedures. In this paper,
we describe various DDoS attack mechanisms, categories, scope of DDoS attacks and their existing
countermeasures. In response, we propose to introduce DDoS resistant Augmented Split-protocol (ASp).
The migratory nature and role changeover ability of servers in Split-protocol architecture will avoid
bottleneck at the server side. It also offers the unique ability to avoid server saturation and compromise
from DDoS attacks. The goal of this paper is to present the concept and performance of (ASp) as a
defensive tool against DDoS attacks.
Improving Cyber Security with VMware NSXDavid Hopland
Cyber security breaches have been increasing significantly in recent years across both public and private sectors. The average cost per breach in 2014 was $5.85 million according to the Ponemon Institute. Traditional perimeter security methods are no longer effective as attackers can now move laterally inside networks once gaining initial access. VMware's NSX platform enables microsegmentation by automating firewall provisioning and policies for individual workloads and virtual machines. This isolates applications and prevents lateral movement inside the network, potentially mitigating breaches like those seen at the USPS, DOS and NOAA. NSX provides security through virtual network isolation, segmentation of multitier networks, and advanced services across segments.
This document summarizes research on defeating denial-of-service (DoS) attacks in wireless networks in the presence of jammers. It describes common types of jamming attacks like constant, deceptive, random, and reactive jammers. Detection techniques for jammers and methods to reduce the impact of DoS attacks are discussed. The objective is to detect jammers, lessen the effect of DoS attacks, and improve wireless communication security. Key jamming criteria like energy efficiency, detection probability, denial-of-service level, and strength against physical layer techniques are also outlined.
This document proposes a Controller-Agent model to minimize distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on the Internet. The model identifies attacks at the victim and prevents them near the attacking source. It uses a new packet marking technique and agent design to identify the approximate source of an attack with a single packet, even with spoofed source addresses. The model only operates during attacks, processes victim traffic separately without disrupting other traffic, and can quickly respond to changes in attack traffic patterns. The authors believe this approach provides an effective and practical way to counteract DDoS attacks.
This document summarizes research on enhancing the DSR routing protocol to prevent distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses how DDoS attacks work, the challenges they present for MANETs due to their dynamic nature, and existing research on DDoS attack detection and prevention. The document reviews literature on analyzing DDoS attack behaviors and properties, characterizing attack traffic patterns, and using statistical analysis and neural networks to identify attacks. The goal of the research is to develop an enhanced DSR protocol that can detect and mitigate DDoS attacks in MANETs more effectively than previous approaches.
Nowadays DNS is used to load balance, failover, and geographically redirect connections. DNS has become so pervasive it is hard to identify a modern TCP/IP connection that does not use DNS in some way. Unfortunately, due to the reliability built into the fundamental RFC-based design of DNS, most IT professionals don't spend much time worrying about it. If DNS is maliciously attacked — altering the addresses it gives out or taken offline the damage will be enormous. Whether conducted for political motives, financial gain, or just the notoriety of the attacker, the damage from a DNS attack can be devastating for the target.
In this research we will review different DNS advanced attacks and analyze them. We will survey some of the most DNS vulnerabilities and ways of DNS attacks protection.
An Ultimate Guide to DDos Attacks: Detection, Prevention and MitigationTechApprise
In this ultimate guide, you will learn everything about the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks including What are DDoS attacks, Types of DDos Attack, Major Causes, How to Detect DDoS Attacks, and How to Prevent/Mitigate a DDoS Attack and much more.
TECHNICAL WHITE PAPER: The Continued rise of DDoS AttacksSymantec
Denial-of-service attacks—short but strong
DDoS amplification attacks continue to increase as attackers experiment with new protocols.
Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, as the name implies, attempt to deny a service to legitimate users by overwhelming the target with activity. The most common method is a network traffic flood DDoS attack against Web servers, where distributed means that multiple sources attack the same target at the same time. These attacks are often conducted through botnets.
Such DDoS attacks have grown larger year over year. In 2013, the largest attack volume peaked at 300 Gbps. So far in 2014, we have already seen one attack with up to 400 Gbps in attack volume. In recent times, DDoS attacks have become shorter in duration, often lasting only a few hours or even just minutes. According to Akamai, the average attack lasts 17 hours. These burst attacks can be devastating nonetheless, as most companies are affected by even a few hours of downtime and many business are not prepared. In addition to the reduced duration, the attacks are getting more sophisticated and varying the methods used, making them harder to mitigate.
In 2014, amplification and reflection attacks were still the most popular choice for the attacker. This method multiplies the attack traffic, making it easier for attackers to reach a high volume of above 100 Gbps even with a small botnet. From January to August 2014, DNS amplification attacks grew by 183 percent. The use of the network time protocol (NTP) amplification method has increased by a factor of 275 from January to July, but is now declining again. The use of compromised, high bandwidth servers with attack scripts has become a noticeable trend.
Time line-of-ddos-campaigns-against-mit-threat-advisory Andrey Apuhtin
The document summarizes a series of DDoS attacks against the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) network in 2016. It describes the largest attacks which peaked at 295 Gbps using UDP floods and 89 Gbps using UDP, DNS, and UDP fragment vectors. Many of the attacks abused reflection techniques using protocols like DNS, NTP, and SNMP to amplify traffic. The majority of traffic came from UDP and DNS reflection vectors.
Passive ip traceback disclosing the locationsjpstudcorner
This paper proposes a new passive IP traceback technique called Passive IP Traceback (PIT) to trace spoofed IP addresses without requiring deployment on routers. PIT analyzes Internet Control Message Protocol error messages called "path backscatter" that are triggered by spoofing traffic and can disclose the locations of spoofers. Existing IP traceback methods face challenges in router deployment and inter-ISP collaboration. PIT overcomes these challenges by passively collecting path backscatter messages without changes to the network. The paper demonstrates PIT's effectiveness in tracing spoofers using a dataset of path backscatter messages.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document provides an overview of existing IP traceback mechanisms, including controlled flooding, input debugging, overlay networks, probabilistic packet marking, deterministic packet marking, packet messaging, packet logging, and hybrid approaches. It discusses taxonomy, capabilities, evaluation criteria, comparisons of mechanisms, and applications of traceback. The conclusion questions whether traceback is truly needed given current intrusion detection and prevention capabilities.
A Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack is an attack meant to shut down a machine or network, making it inaccessible to its intended users. DoS attacks accomplish this by flooding the target with traffic, or sending it information that triggers a crash. In both instances, the DoS attack deprives legitimate users (i.e. employees, members, or account holders) of the service or resource they expected.
Victims of DoS attacks often target web servers of high-profile organizations such as banking, commerce, and media companies, or government and trade organizations
This document summarizes research analyzing the impact of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on file transfer protocol (FTP) services. The researchers created a test network topology in the DETER cybersecurity testbed to simulate FTP traffic between clients and a server. They launched various DDoS attack types against the FTP server to measure the impact on network performance metrics like throughput, link utilization, and packet survival ratio. The attacks were found to degrade these metrics and disrupt the FTP services. The study provides insights into how DDoS attacks negatively impact network services like FTP.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
- The iPremier company experienced a 75-minute distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack early one morning when traffic to their website was minimal. Few employees were aware of the source or extent of the attacks.
- The initial response was considered appropriate as personnel like the CEO and legal counsel avoided rash decisions that could have further harmed the company. However, the company was deficient in several operating procedures for responding to attacks.
- To prepare for future attacks, the company should purchase additional storage for logging data, update emergency procedures, employ more security personnel, and improve network defenses and monitoring. Failure to address deficiencies could result in loss of customer data, lawsuits, and major public relations issues for
This document summarizes a research paper that proposed and evaluated methods for mitigating denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on virtual machines. The paper implemented iptables connection limits on the host machine to prevent excessive connections from attacking IPs. It also tuned network performance by adjusting the receiving window size to maximize bandwidth utilization. The experimental results showed that the iptables security measures protected against DoS/DDoS attacks while window scaling optimization improved network performance during attacks.
This document is a dissertation submitted by Ameya Vashishth in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree. It discusses denial of service (DoS) attacks and mitigation techniques. The dissertation provides an overview of DoS attacks, describes different types of attacks like Smurf, ping flood, TCP SYN flood and UDP flood. It also discusses distributed DoS attacks and recommended tools to perform DDoS attacks. The document concludes with discussing various countermeasures that can be used to mitigate DoS and DDoS attacks.
The document summarizes distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and defenses against them. It provides an overview of DDoS attacks, describes several common DDoS tools (Trinoo, TFN, TFN2K, Stacheldraht), and discusses challenges in defending against them. It also presents a case study of a DDoS attack against the website GRC.com and the difficulties they faced in getting help stopping the attacks. The document advocates for coordinated technical solutions and consistent incentive structures to defend against DDoS attacks.
DISTRIBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE (DDOS) ATTACKS DETECTION MECHANISM ijcseit
Pushback is a mechanism for defending against Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. DDoS
attacks are treated as a congestion-control problem, but because most such congestion is caused by
malicious hosts not obeying traditional end-to-end congestion control, the problem must be handled by the
routers. Functionality is added to each router to detect and preferentially drop packets that probably
belong to an attack. Upstream routers are also notified to drop such packets in order that the router’s
resources be used to route legitimate traffic hence term pushback. Client puzzles have been advocated as a
promising countermeasure to DoS attacks in the recent years. In order to identify the attackers, the victim
server issues a puzzle to the client that sent the traffic. When the client is able to solve the puzzle, it is
assumed to be authentic and the traffic from it is allowed into the server. If the victim suspects that the
puzzles are solved by most of the clients, it increases the complexity of the puzzles. This puzzle solving
technique allows the traversal of the attack traffic throughout the intermediate routers before reaching the
destination. In order to attain the advantages of both pushback and puzzle solving techniques, a hybrid
scheme called Router based Pushback technique, which involves both the techniques to solve the problem
of DDoS attacks is proposed. In this proposal, the puzzle solving mechanism is pushed back to the core
routers rather than having at the victim. The router based client puzzle mechanism checks the host system
whether it is legitimate or not by providing a puzzle to be solved by the suspected host.
IRJET- DDOS Detection System using C4.5 Decision Tree AlgorithmIRJET Journal
This document proposes a machine learning model using the C4.5 decision tree algorithm to detect DDOS attacks. It trains the model on DDOS attack samples from the CICIDS2017 dataset, dividing the samples into training and test data. The Weka data mining tool is used to build the model with attribute filtering and 10-fold cross-validation. The trained model is then validated on the test data to accurately differentiate between benign and DDOS flooding traffic. This combined signature-based and anomaly-based detection approach can effectively detect complex DDOS attacks.
Augmented split –protocol; an ultimate d do s defenderijcsa
Distributed Denials of Service (DDoS) attacks have become the daunting problem for businesses, state
administrator and computer system users. Prevention and detection of a DDoS attack is a major research
topic for researchers throughout the world. As new remedies are developed to prevent or mitigate DDoS
attacks, invaders are continually evolving new methods to circumvent these new procedures. In this paper,
we describe various DDoS attack mechanisms, categories, scope of DDoS attacks and their existing
countermeasures. In response, we propose to introduce DDoS resistant Augmented Split-protocol (ASp).
The migratory nature and role changeover ability of servers in Split-protocol architecture will avoid
bottleneck at the server side. It also offers the unique ability to avoid server saturation and compromise
from DDoS attacks. The goal of this paper is to present the concept and performance of (ASp) as a
defensive tool against DDoS attacks.
Improving Cyber Security with VMware NSXDavid Hopland
Cyber security breaches have been increasing significantly in recent years across both public and private sectors. The average cost per breach in 2014 was $5.85 million according to the Ponemon Institute. Traditional perimeter security methods are no longer effective as attackers can now move laterally inside networks once gaining initial access. VMware's NSX platform enables microsegmentation by automating firewall provisioning and policies for individual workloads and virtual machines. This isolates applications and prevents lateral movement inside the network, potentially mitigating breaches like those seen at the USPS, DOS and NOAA. NSX provides security through virtual network isolation, segmentation of multitier networks, and advanced services across segments.
This document summarizes research on defeating denial-of-service (DoS) attacks in wireless networks in the presence of jammers. It describes common types of jamming attacks like constant, deceptive, random, and reactive jammers. Detection techniques for jammers and methods to reduce the impact of DoS attacks are discussed. The objective is to detect jammers, lessen the effect of DoS attacks, and improve wireless communication security. Key jamming criteria like energy efficiency, detection probability, denial-of-service level, and strength against physical layer techniques are also outlined.
This document proposes a Controller-Agent model to minimize distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on the Internet. The model identifies attacks at the victim and prevents them near the attacking source. It uses a new packet marking technique and agent design to identify the approximate source of an attack with a single packet, even with spoofed source addresses. The model only operates during attacks, processes victim traffic separately without disrupting other traffic, and can quickly respond to changes in attack traffic patterns. The authors believe this approach provides an effective and practical way to counteract DDoS attacks.
This document summarizes research on enhancing the DSR routing protocol to prevent distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses how DDoS attacks work, the challenges they present for MANETs due to their dynamic nature, and existing research on DDoS attack detection and prevention. The document reviews literature on analyzing DDoS attack behaviors and properties, characterizing attack traffic patterns, and using statistical analysis and neural networks to identify attacks. The goal of the research is to develop an enhanced DSR protocol that can detect and mitigate DDoS attacks in MANETs more effectively than previous approaches.
Nowadays DNS is used to load balance, failover, and geographically redirect connections. DNS has become so pervasive it is hard to identify a modern TCP/IP connection that does not use DNS in some way. Unfortunately, due to the reliability built into the fundamental RFC-based design of DNS, most IT professionals don't spend much time worrying about it. If DNS is maliciously attacked — altering the addresses it gives out or taken offline the damage will be enormous. Whether conducted for political motives, financial gain, or just the notoriety of the attacker, the damage from a DNS attack can be devastating for the target.
In this research we will review different DNS advanced attacks and analyze them. We will survey some of the most DNS vulnerabilities and ways of DNS attacks protection.
An Ultimate Guide to DDos Attacks: Detection, Prevention and MitigationTechApprise
In this ultimate guide, you will learn everything about the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks including What are DDoS attacks, Types of DDos Attack, Major Causes, How to Detect DDoS Attacks, and How to Prevent/Mitigate a DDoS Attack and much more.
TECHNICAL WHITE PAPER: The Continued rise of DDoS AttacksSymantec
Denial-of-service attacks—short but strong
DDoS amplification attacks continue to increase as attackers experiment with new protocols.
Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, as the name implies, attempt to deny a service to legitimate users by overwhelming the target with activity. The most common method is a network traffic flood DDoS attack against Web servers, where distributed means that multiple sources attack the same target at the same time. These attacks are often conducted through botnets.
Such DDoS attacks have grown larger year over year. In 2013, the largest attack volume peaked at 300 Gbps. So far in 2014, we have already seen one attack with up to 400 Gbps in attack volume. In recent times, DDoS attacks have become shorter in duration, often lasting only a few hours or even just minutes. According to Akamai, the average attack lasts 17 hours. These burst attacks can be devastating nonetheless, as most companies are affected by even a few hours of downtime and many business are not prepared. In addition to the reduced duration, the attacks are getting more sophisticated and varying the methods used, making them harder to mitigate.
In 2014, amplification and reflection attacks were still the most popular choice for the attacker. This method multiplies the attack traffic, making it easier for attackers to reach a high volume of above 100 Gbps even with a small botnet. From January to August 2014, DNS amplification attacks grew by 183 percent. The use of the network time protocol (NTP) amplification method has increased by a factor of 275 from January to July, but is now declining again. The use of compromised, high bandwidth servers with attack scripts has become a noticeable trend.
Time line-of-ddos-campaigns-against-mit-threat-advisory Andrey Apuhtin
The document summarizes a series of DDoS attacks against the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) network in 2016. It describes the largest attacks which peaked at 295 Gbps using UDP floods and 89 Gbps using UDP, DNS, and UDP fragment vectors. Many of the attacks abused reflection techniques using protocols like DNS, NTP, and SNMP to amplify traffic. The majority of traffic came from UDP and DNS reflection vectors.
Passive ip traceback disclosing the locationsjpstudcorner
This paper proposes a new passive IP traceback technique called Passive IP Traceback (PIT) to trace spoofed IP addresses without requiring deployment on routers. PIT analyzes Internet Control Message Protocol error messages called "path backscatter" that are triggered by spoofing traffic and can disclose the locations of spoofers. Existing IP traceback methods face challenges in router deployment and inter-ISP collaboration. PIT overcomes these challenges by passively collecting path backscatter messages without changes to the network. The paper demonstrates PIT's effectiveness in tracing spoofers using a dataset of path backscatter messages.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document provides an overview of existing IP traceback mechanisms, including controlled flooding, input debugging, overlay networks, probabilistic packet marking, deterministic packet marking, packet messaging, packet logging, and hybrid approaches. It discusses taxonomy, capabilities, evaluation criteria, comparisons of mechanisms, and applications of traceback. The conclusion questions whether traceback is truly needed given current intrusion detection and prevention capabilities.
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) allows devices on an IP network to send error and control messages to other devices to report issues or unexpected network conditions. It provides communication between IP layers to facilitate troubleshooting by transmitting error messages with a type and code field as well as checksum for verification. Common ICMP message types include queries to request information and error messages sent in response to problems with IP datagrams.
The document discusses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). ICMP provides error reporting, congestion reporting, and first-hop router redirection. It uses IP to carry its data end-to-end and is considered an integral part of IP. ICMP messages are encapsulated in IP datagrams and are used to report errors in IP datagrams, though some errors may still result in datagrams being dropped without a report. ICMP defines various message types including error messages like destination unreachable and informational messages like echo request and reply.
32 Ways a Digital Marketing Consultant Can Help Grow Your BusinessBarry Feldman
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PASSWORD BASED SCHEME AND GROUP TESTING FOR DEFENDING DDOS ATTACKSIJNSA Journal
DOS ATTACKS ARE ONE OF THE TOP SECURITY PROBLEMS AFFECTING NETWORKS AND DISRUPTING SERVICES TO LEGITIMATE USERS. THE VITAL STEP IN DEALING WITH THIS PROBLEM IS THE NETWORK'S ABILITY TO DETECT SUCH ATTACKS. APPLICATION DDOS ATTACK, WHICH AIMS AT DISRUPTING APPLICATION SERVICE RATHER THAN DEPLETING THE NETWORK RESOURCE. UP TO NOW ALL THE RESEARCHES MADE ON THIS DDOS ATTACKS ONLY CONCENTRATES EITHER ON NETWORK RESOURCES OR ON APPLICATION SERVERS BUT NOT ON BOTH. IN THIS PAPER WE PROPOSED A SOLUTION FOR BOTH THESE PROBLEMS BY AUTHENTICATION METHODS AND GROUP TESTING.
PREVENTING DISTRIBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACKS IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENTS IJITCA Journal
Distributed-Denial of Service (DDoS) is a key intimidation to network security. Network is a group of nodes that interrelate with each other for switch over the information. This information is necessary for that node is reserved confidentially. Attacker in the system may capture this private information and distorted. So security is the major issue. There are several security attacks in network. One of the major intimidations to internet examine is DDoS attack. It is a malevolent effort to suspending or suspends services to destination node. DDoS or DoS is an effort to create network resource or the machine is busy to
its intentional user. Numerous thoughts are developed for avoid the DDoS or DoS. DDoS occur in two different behaviors they may happen obviously or it may due to some attackers .Various schemes are developed defense against to this attack. The Main focus of paper is present basis of DDoS attack, DDoS
attack types, and DDoS attack components, intrusion prevention system for DDoS.
This document summarizes a survey of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks based on vulnerabilities in the TCP/IP protocol stack. It begins by introducing DDoS attacks and their architecture, then classifies DDoS attacks according to the TCP/IP layer they target - application layer, transport layer, or internet layer. Specific attack types are described for each layer, including HTTP flooding, SYN flooding, Smurf attacks, and more. The document aims to provide understanding of existing DDoS attack tools, methods, and defense mechanisms.
This document provides an overview of denial of service (DoS) attacks, including categories and types. It discusses direct DoS attacks such as single-tier, dual-tier, and triple-tier distributed attacks. Indirect DoS attacks through viruses and worms are also covered. The document concludes with strategies for preventing DoS attacks, such as following security best practices, implementing intrusion detection, and coordinating with internet service providers.
Study of flooding based ddos attacks and their effect using deter testbedeSAT Journals
Abstract Today, Internet is the primary medium for communication which is used by number of users across the Network. At the same time, its commercial nature is causing increase vulnerability to enhance cyber crimes and there has been an enormous increase in the number of DDOS (distributed denial of service attack) attacks on the internet over the past decade. Whose impact can be proportionally severe. With little or no advance warning, a DDoS attack can easily exhaust the computing and communication resources of its victim within a short period of time. Network resources such as network bandwidth, web servers and network switches are mostly the victims of DDoS attacks. In this paper different types of DDoS attacks has been studied, a dumb-bell topology have been created and effect of UDP flooding attacks has been analyzed on web service by using attack tools available in DETER testbed. Throughput of web server is analyzed with and without DDoS attacks.
A SYNCHRONIZED DISTRIBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE PREVENTION SYSTEMcscpconf
DDoS attack is a distributed source but coordinated Internet security threat that attackers either degrade or disrupt a shared service to legitimate users. It uses various methods to inflict damages on limited resources. It can be broadly classified as: flood and semantic (logic) attacks. DDoS attacking mechanisms vary from time to time and simple but powerful attacking tools are freely available on the Internet. There have been many trials on defending victims from DDoS attacks. However, many of the previous attack prevention systems lack effective handling of various attacking mechanisms and protecting legitimate users from collateral damages during detection and protection. In this paper, we proposed a distributed but synchronized DDoS defense architecture by using multiple agents, which are autonomous systems that perform their assigned mission in other networks on behalf of the victim. The major assignments of defense agents are IP spoofing verification, high traffic rate limitation, anomaly packet detection, and attack source detection.These tasks are distributed through four agents that are deployed on different domain networks. The proposed solution was tested through simulation with sample attack scenarios on the model Internet topology. The experiments showed encouraging results. A more comprehensive attack protection and legitimate users prevention from collateral damages makes this system more effective than other previous works.
This document discusses distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It begins by defining DDoS attacks as using numerous compromised systems, or "zombie machines", to launch a coordinated attack against a target system to overwhelm its bandwidth and resources. The document then discusses how early DDoS attacks worked and how routers have evolved defenses. It describes how modern DDoS attacks are more sophisticated, using botnets of infected systems controlled remotely by attackers to amplify the scale and impact of the attacks.
A REVIEW ON DDOS PREVENTION AND DETECTION METHODOLOGYijasa
Denial of Service (DoS) or Distributed-Denial of Service (DDoS) is major threat to network security.
Network is collection of nodes that interconnect with each other for exchange the Information. This
information is required for that node is kept confidentially. Attacker in network computer captures this
information that is confidential and misuse the network. Hence security is one of the major issues. There
are one or many attacks in network. One of the major threats to internet service is DDoS (Distributed
denial of services) attack. DDoS attack is a malicious attempt to suspending or interrupting services to
target node. DDoS or DoS is an attempt to make network resource or the machine is unavailable to its
intended user. Many ideas are developed for avoiding the DDoS or DoS. DDoS happen in two ways
naturally or it may due to some botnets .Various schemes are developed defense against to this attack.
Main idea of this paper is present basis of DDoS attack. DDoS attack types, DDoS attack components,
survey on different mechanism to prevent DDoS
This document presents a case study on the impact of denial of service (DoS) attacks on cloud applications. It begins with an introduction to cloud computing and discusses how DoS and distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks are major security threats. The paper then reviews DoS and DDoS attacks, including their objectives to overwhelm resources or exploit vulnerabilities. Next, it discusses defense strategies against such attacks. Finally, the document describes how the case study will measure the stability of a questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and determine the impact of related variables on the results using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and Spearman correlation.
A survey of trends in massive ddos attacks and cloud based mitigationsIJNSA Journal
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks today
have been amplified into gigabits volume with
broadband Internet access; at the same time, the us
e of more powerful botnets and common DDoS
mitigation and protection solutions implemented in
small and large organizations’ networks and servers
are no longer effective. Our survey provides an in-
depth study on the current largest DNS reflection a
ttack
with more than 300 Gbps on Spamhaus.org. We have re
viewed and analysed the current most popular
DDoS attack types that are launched by the hacktivi
sts. Lastly, effective cloud-based DDoS mitigation
and
protection techniques proposed by both academic res
earchers and large commercial cloud-based DDoS
service providers are discussed
A survey of trends in massive ddos attacks and cloud based mitigationsIJNSA Journal
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks today
have been amplified into gigabits volume with
broadband Internet access; at the same time, the us
e of more powerful botnets and common DDoS
mitigation and protection solutions implemented in
small and large organizations’ networks and servers
are no longer effective. Our survey provides an in-
depth study on the current largest DNS reflection a
ttack
with more than 300 Gbps on Spamhaus.org. We have re
viewed and analysed the current most popular
DDoS attack types that are launched by the hacktivi
sts. Lastly, effective cloud-based DDoS mitigation
and
protection techniques proposed by both academic res
earchers and large commercial cloud-based DDoS
service providers are discussed
A SURVEY OF TRENDS IN MASSIVE DDOS ATTACKS AND CLOUD-BASED MITIGATIONSIJNSA Journal
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks today have been amplified into gigabits volume with broadband Internet access; at the same time, the use of more powerful botnets and common DDoS mitigation and protection solutions implemented in small and large organizations’ networks and servers are no longer effective. Our survey provides an in-depth study on the current largest DNS reflection attack with more than 300 Gbps on Spamhaus.org. We have reviewed and analysed the current most popular DDoS attack types that are launched by the hacktivists. Lastly, effective cloud-based DDoS mitigation and protection techniques proposed by both academic researchers and large commercial cloud-based DDoS service providers are discussed.
Among different online attacks obstructing IT security,
Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
are the most devastating attack. It also put the security experts under
enormous pressure recently in finding efficient defiance methods.
DoS attack can be performed variously with diverse codes and tools
and can be launched form different OSI model layers. This paper
describes in details DoS and DDoS attack, and explains how different
types of attacks can be implemented and launched from different OSI
model layers. It provides a better understanding of these increasing
occurrences in order to improve
International Journal of Computational Science and Information Technology (I...ijcsity
Denial of Service (DoS) or Distributed-Denial of Service (DDoS) is major threat to network security.Network is collection of nodes that interconnect with each other for exchange the Information. This information is required for that node is kept confidentially. Attacker in network computer captures this information that is confidential and misuse the network. Hence security is one of the major issues. There are one or many attacks in network. One of the major threats to internet service is DDoS (Distributed denial of services) attack. DDoS attack is a malicious attempt to suspending or interrupting services to target node. DDoS or DoS is an attempt to make network resource or the machine is unavailable to its intended user. Many ideas are developed for avoiding the DDoS or DoS. DDoS happen in two ways
naturally or it may due to some botnets .Various schemes are developed defense against to this attack.Main idea of this paper is present basis of DDoS attack. DDoS attack types, DDoS attack components,survey on different mechanism to prevent DDoS.
The document discusses denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It defines DoS as an attack that renders a system unable to provide normal services by flooding it with traffic. DDoS uses multiple compromised systems to launch a coordinated DoS attack against one or more targets, multiplying the attack effectiveness. Attacks are classified by the system targeted (clients, routers, firewalls, servers), part of the system (hardware, OS, TCP/IP stack), and whether they exploit bugs or just overload resources. Common DDoS tools like Trinoo and TFN are mentioned. Protection from these large-scale attacks remains a challenge.
The document discusses distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, including how they work, common tools and methods used, and examples of recent large-scale DDoS attacks. It provides details on how botnets are used to overwhelm websites and infrastructure with malicious traffic. Specific DDoS attack types like UDP floods, SYN floods, and reflection attacks are outlined. Recent large attacks are described, such as those targeting bitcoin exchanges, social trading platforms, and Hong Kong voting sites ahead of a civil referendum.
DOS / DDOS introduction
How Easy it is to get information
Real Life Examples MyDoom , GitHub , Dyn , Windows Server and Windows 10 servers running Internet Information Services (IIS) are vulnerable to denial of service (DOS) attacks
Base of Attacks
Types of DOS / DDOS
Attack Tools , LOIC, XOIC, Stacheldracht
DOS/DDOS Weaknesses
Category of OS/ DDOS
What to defend?
Botnets and Botnets mitigations
Michael Calce, a.k.a. MafiaBoy
Point of entrance / OSI Model ( If time permit)
Distributed reflection denial of service attack: A critical review IJECEIAES
As the world becomes increasingly connected and the number of users grows exponentially and “things” go online, the prospect of cyberspace becoming a significant target for cybercriminals is a reality. Any host or device that is exposed on the internet is a prime target for cyberattacks. A denial-of-service (DoS) attack is accountable for the majority of these cyberattacks. Although various solutions have been proposed by researchers to mitigate this issue, cybercriminals always adapt their attack approach to circumvent countermeasures. One of the modified DoS attacks is known as distributed reflection denial-of-service attack (DRDoS). This type of attack is considered to be a more severe variant of the DoS attack and can be conducted in transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP). However, this attack is not effective in the TCP protocol due to the three-way handshake approach that prevents this type of attack from passing through the network layer to the upper layers in the network stack. On the other hand, UDP is a connectionless protocol, so most of these DRDoS attacks pass through UDP. This study aims to examine and identify the differences between TCP-based and UDP-based DRDoS attacks.
A ROBUST MECHANISM FOR DEFENDING DISTRIBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACKS ON WEB...IJNSA Journal
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have emerged as a popular means of causing mass targeted service disruptions, often for extended periods of time. The relative ease and low costs of launching such attacks, supplemented by the current inadequate sate of any viable defense mechanism, have made them one of the top threats to the Internet community today. Since the increasing popularity of web-based applications has led to several critical services being provided over the Internet, it is imperative to monitor the network traffic so as to prevent malicious attackers from depleting the resources of the network and denying services to legitimate users. This paper first presents a brief discussion on some of the important types of DDoS attacks that currently exist and some existing mechanisms to combat these attacks. It then points out the major drawbacks of the currently existing defense mechanisms and proposes a new mechanism for protecting a web-server against a DDoS attack. In the proposed mechanism, incoming traffic to the server is continuously monitored and any abnormal rise in the inbound traffic is immediately detected. The detection algorithm is based on a statistical analysis of the inbound traffic on the server and a robust hypothesis testing framework. While the detection process is on, the sessions from the legitimate sources are not disrupted and the load on the server is restored to the normal level by blocking the traffic from the attacking sources. To cater to different scenarios, the detection algorithm has various modules with varying level of computational and memory overheads for
their execution. While the approximate modules are fast in detection and involve less overhead, they provide lower level of detection accuracy. The accurate modules employ complex detection logic and hence involve more overhead for their execution. However, they have very high detection accuracy. Simulations carried out on the proposed mechanism have produced results that demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed defense mechanism against DDoS attacks.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
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GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
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Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
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For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
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In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
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TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
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Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
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Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
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HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
A041201010
1. International Journal of Computational Engineering Research||Vol, 04||Issue, 1||
A Survey of Protection Against DoS & DDoS Attacks
1,
Mrs.S.Thilagavathi , 2,Dr.A.Saradha
1,
Head, Department of Computer Science, Terf’s Academy College of Arts&Science
Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India
2,
Head, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Institute of Road and Transport Technology
Erode, Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT
Denial-of-Services (DoS) attacks cause serious threats to the today internet world. The problem of DoS
attacks has become well known, but it has been hard to find out the Denial of Service in the Internet. So
the users have to take own effort of a large number of protected system such as Firewall or up-to-date
antivirus software. If the system or links are affected from an attack then the legitimate clients may not
be able to connect it. There have been a number of solutions and tools to detect the DoS attacks.
However there are no end solutions which can protect against the DoS attacks. This paper focuses on
techniques used in different DoS attacks and describes the characteristics of tools used in DoS attack
network and also presents the proposed solutions.
INDEX TERMS : Denial-Of-Service, Distributed Dos, DDoS Attack Tools, Traceback Mechanisms,
Intrusion Detection and Prevention Method, IP Address Spoofing, IP Address Monitoring, Blocked IP
Address, Client-Side Script.
I.
INTRODUCTION
A denial of service (DoS) attack aims to deny access by legitimate users to shared services or
resources. This can occur in a wide variety of contexts, from operating systems to network-based services on the
Internet. A DoS attack aims to disrupt the service provided by a network or server. On February 9, 2000, Yahoo,
eBay, Amazon.com, E*Trade, ZDnet, Buy.com, the FBI, and several other Web sites fell victim to DDoS
attacks resulting in substantial damage and inconvenience. More importantly, traditional operations in essential
services, such as banking, transportation, power, health, and defense, are being progressively replaced by
cheaper, more efficient Internet-based applications. Internet-based attacks can be launched anywhere in the
world, and unfortunately any Internet-based service is a potential target for these attacks.This paper presents an
overview of the DoS problem in section 2 and it includes classification of DoS attacks and how they are
accomplished. In section 3 existing solutions and section 4 follows the problem and proposed solutions. This
paper is concluded in section 5.
II.
OVERVIEW OF DDOS ATTACKS
One common method of attack involves saturating the target machine with external communications
requests, such that it responds so slowly as to be rendered effectively unavailable. Such attacks usually lead to a
server overload. In general terms, DoS attacks are implemented by either forcing the targeted computer(s) to
reset, or consuming its resources so that it can no longer provide its intended service or obstructing the
communication media between the intended users and the victim. A DDoS attack uses many computers to
launch a DoS attack against one or more targets. A typical DDoS attack consists of four elements[6].
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
The real Attacker;
The handler who are capable of controlling multiple agents.
The Zombie hosts who are responsible for generating a stream of packets toward the victim.
The victim or the target host.
The virus-infected computers are called zombies – because they do whatever the DDoSer commands
them to do. A large group of zombie computers is called a robot network, or botnet. The computer could be part
of a botnet without the knowledge of user. That’s because it may be busy participating in a DDoS attack at the
same time the user are using it. Or, the user might find out that the computer is infected when the Internet
service provider (ISP) drops the user service because of computer is sending an unusually high number of
network requests[19].
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Figure 1: Architecture of DoS attack
Zombie computers in a botnet receive instructions from a command and control server, which is an infected web
server. DDoSers who have access to a command and control server can recruit the botnet to launch DDoS
attacks
2.1. Denial of Service type
There are many types of DDoS attacks. They target different network components – routers,
appliances, firewalls, applications, ISPs, even data centers – in different ways. DDoS attackers use a variety of
DDoS attack methods. The malicious hacker group Anonymous, for example, started with a tool that could
launch Layer 7 DDoS attacks and Layer 3 DDoS attacks from any computer. These attacks had a common
attack signature – that is, common code. As a result, the attacks could be detected and mitigated fairly
easily[19].Denial of service can be divided into three forms.
[1]
DoS
In a DoS attack, one computer and one internet connection is used to flood a server with packets, with
the aim of overloading the targeted server’s bandwidth and resources[3]. Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks
exceeding 20G bps, which will overwhelm almost any online service's bandwidth, more than quadrupled so far
in 2013, compared with the previous year, according to the network management firm. While the attacks
account for only approximately 1 percent of all data floods, the increase in large-bandwidth DoS attacks
suggests that more serious groups are now using denial of service as a common tactic.[20]
DDoS attack
A distributed denial of service attack (DDoS) occurs when multiple systems flood the bandwidth or
resources of a targeted system, usually one or more web servers. This is the result of multiple compromised
systems (for example a botnet) flooding the targeted system with traffic. When a server is overloaded with
connections, new connections can no longer be accepted[4].
[2] DRDoS
This type of attack is more detrimental than a typical DDoS attack. This is because a DRDoS attack has
more machines to share the attack, and hence the attack is more distributed. This is also creates a greater volume
of traffic because of its more distributed nature[3].
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III. EXISTING SOLUTIONS
3.1 Classification of DDoS Attack
DDoS attacks can be divided into two categories: Bandwidth attack and Resource attack.
In a bandwidth attack, simply try to generate packets to flood the victim’s network so that the legitimate
requests cannot go to the victim machine.
A resource attack aims to send packets that misuse network protocol or malformed packets to tie up
network resources so that resources are not available to the legitimate users any more.
Figure 2.Classification of DDoS Attack
3.1.1 Bandwidth Attacks
Flood attack: This attack occur when a network or service becomes so weighed down with packets
initiating incomplete connection requests that it can no longer process genuine connection requests.Once
this buffer is full no further connections can be made, and the result is a Denial of Service.
TCP Flood : A stream of TCP Packets with various Flags set are sent to the victim IP Address. The
SYN,ACK and RST flags are commonly used.
ICMP Flood: A stream of ICMP packets are sent to a victim IP address.
UDP Flood: A stream of UDP packets are sent to the victim IP address.
Teardrop : This attack creates a stream of IP fragments with their offset field overload. The destination
host that tries to reassemble these malformed fragments eventually crashes or reboots.
Smurf attack: The victim is flooded with Internet Control Message Protocol. The attackers sends
numerous ICMP “echo-request” packets to the broadcast address of many subnets. These packets contain
the victim’s address as the source IP address [4][6][10].
3.1.2 Reflected attack
A distributed reflected denial of service attack (DRDoS) involves sending forged requests of some type
to a very large number of computers that will reply to the requests. Using Internet Protocol address spoofing, the
source address is set to that of the targeted victim, which means all the replies will go to the target.ICMP Echo
Request attacks (Smurf Attack) can be considered one form of reflected attack, as the flooding host(s) sends
Echo Requests to the broadcast addresses of miss-configured networks, thereby enticing many hosts to send
Echo Reply packets to the victim. Some early DDoS programs implemented a distributed form of this
attack[16].
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TCP SYN Attack : This attack occurs during the three-way handshake that marks the onset of a TCP
connection. If an attack occurs, the attacker sends an abundance of TCP SYN packets to the victim.
Malformed Packet Attack : A ping of death is a type of attack on a computer that involves sending a
malformed or otherwise malicious ping to a computer.
3.2 DDoS Attack Tools
There are many security problems in today’s Internet. But none of these problems have been completely
solved; some of the tools and technical solutions have been helped to reduce the danger from the intrusions [9].
There are several DDoS attack tools are available. But some of the well known DDoS tools are given below :
[1] Trinoo
[2] Tribe Flood Network(TFN),
[3] Tribe Flood Network 2000 (TFN2K),
[4] Stacheldraht,
[5] Mstream and
[6] Shaft
[7] Trinity
[8] Knight
[9] Kaiten
Trinoo is one of DDoS attack tool and is able to launch packet flooding attacks. It has the ability to
control the duration of the attack as well as the size of the flooding packets .Trinoo is the first DDoS attack tool.
This is the first DDoS attack tool. It has been able to achieve bandwidth depletion and can be used to launch
UDP flood attacks against one or many
addresses. The trinoo was the first attempt at client-server
programming by its author and was designed and implemented in a period of monthsTribe Flood Network (TFN)
is able to perform bandwidth depletion and resource depletion attacks. It is able to implement Smurf, UDP fl
ood, TCP SYN flood, ICMP echo request flood, and ICMP directed broadcast. TFN2K is a derivative of TFN
and is able to implement Smurf, SYN, UDP, and ICMP flood attacksTribe Flood Network 2000 (TFN2K) has
the special feature of being able to add encrypted messages between all attack components. Stacheldraht is based
on early versions of TFN attempts to eliminate some of its weak points and implement Smurf, SYN flood, UDP
flood, and ICMP flood attacks. Mstream is a simple point-to-point TCP ACK flooding tool that is able to
overwhelm the tables used by fast routing routines in some switches.Shaft is a DDoS tool similar to Trinoo and
is able to launch packet flooding attacks. It has the ability to control the duration of the attack as well as the size
of the flooding packets [2][6]Trinit is the first DDoS tool that is controlled via IRC. Trinity is capable of
launching several types of flooding attacks on a victim site, including UDP, IP fragment, TCP SYN, TCP RST,
TCP ACK, and other floods[7].Knight is IRC based DDoS attack tool. It provides SYN attacks, UDP flood
attacks, and an urgent pointer. This is designed to run Windows Operating systems.Kaiten is another IRC based
DDoS attack tool. It includes code for UDP and TCP flooding attacks, for SYN attacks, It also randomizes the
32 bits of its source address[8].
3.3 Trceback Solutions
Dos attacks are easy to generate but very hard to detect. In denial of service attacks, the packets are
routed correctly but the destination becomes the target of the attackers. Once the target system is attacked, the
detection mechanisms are necessary to detect an attack with less false positive rate and more accuracy rate
ICMP Traceback method involves every router on the network pick a packet probabilistically and generate an
ICMP traceback message directed to the same destination as the selected packet.. The IP Trace is used to
identify the actual path of the attack[9] Algebric approach to IP Traceback scheme is based on algebraic
techniques.It generate traceback data using polynomial function and storing data in unused bits of IP header.
Fast Internet Traceback a new packet marking approach. FIT is scalable to vast scattered attacks with thousands
of attackers. It uses path reconstruction algorithm with node marking instead of link marking at the end user
side. Performance and deployment ability of FIT is better than other packet marking schemes. It will take
minimal processing time of router to track very small number of attack packet. But it goes through the false
positive and negative rate[11].Advance and Authenticated Marking approach is more efficient and accurate for
the attacker path reconstruction within the seconds and has low false positive rate. Traces the origin of spoofed
IP packets[12].Hash Based IP Traceback has been proposed by Snoeren et al. In this method a Source Path
Isolation Engine (SPIE) is used which produces review track of traffic and it can trace origin of single IP packet.
The data (8 bytes) and the IP header (20 byte) both are logged on intermediate routers. This operation uses 28
byte data in hashing. The main advantages of this method are low storage of data and it ignores eavesdropping
but it create overhead to generate 28 byte hash[13]
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Another packet marking scheme is Deterministic Packet Marking. In this method each packet is marked and
they are used to find out the source of a traffic flow. It will include all size of packets whether it is small or big.
And due to this computation work and packet header size both increases. Also there is no overload prevention
method exist [14].Probabilistic packet marking scheme is somewhat similar like DPM. In this, router mark
packet with all its path details probabilistically and victim machine recreate the graph. It is more efficient than
Deterministic packet marking scheme. But the same drawback applies to this scheme as in DPM have. Also in
this scheme more number of packets gets involved in trace back processes which increase the computational
time[15].
IV. Proposed Solutions
There are many problems in DoS attacks and there exists no easy way to solve DoS problem. DDoS
attacks are among the hardest security problems to address because they are difficult to prevent and very
difficult to trace out.To overcome these problems a novel method is propsed in this system This system is
known as PSYADoS(Protection System Against DoS attack). This system gives an solution to solve the
following problems.
4.1 Intrusion Detection and Prevention Method
An intrusion detection system (IDS) inspects all inbound and outbound network activity and identifies
suspicious patterns that may indicate a network or a system attack from some one attempting to break into a
system. There are a number of hacking and intrusion incidents increasing year on year as technology rolls out, it
may be exposed to a variety of intruder threats. Intrusion Detection Systems detect unauthorized access
attempts. There are basically two main types of IDS being used today: Network based, and Host based (looking
for instance at system logs for evidence of malicious or suspicious application activity in real time).
The existing Network-Based Intrusion Detection system have the following disadvantages:
Intrusion detection becomes more difficult on modern switched networks
Current network-based monitoring approaches cannot efficiently handle high-speed networks
Most of Network-based systems are based on predefined attack signatures--signatures that will always be a
step behind the latest underground exploits
The proposed system introduces a new Network based Intrusion detection method. It can monitor all traffic
entering and leaving the network. The proposed IDS protects a system from attack, misuse, and compromise.
The user who enters into a server will be monitored by this method.
Figure 3: CPU Performance
In the above graph CPU performance is figured. Depending upon the graph the X axis shows the
performance of the system and Y axis shows no of uesr working in it. It reveals that number of users comes at
many times, the system becomes slow. At this moment we may know that the server is aimed for an attack. So
the above graph is useful to monitor the CPU Performance.
4.2 IP Address Spoofing
IP address spoofing is the creation of forged source IP address for the purpose of the identify of the
sender or impersonating another computer system. IP address spoofing mostly used in Denial-of-Service
attacks. In such attacks, the aim is to flood the victim with overwhelming amounts of traffic, and attacker does
not care about receiving response of attack. IP address blocking is commonly used to protect against the attacks.
On a website, an IP address ban is often used to prevent a disruptive member from access. In Existing system, IP
address banning is used to limit the content to a specific region. The proposed method is used to detect the
attackers IP address(that is a source IP address) and it identify that the user is unauthorized user. This system
can store all the IP addresses in list which is called an admin list. Even a single user IP address can also store by
this method until the user logout from the server.
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4.3 IP Address Monitoring
The PYSADOS tool is used to monitor the IP address also. The user press F5(refresh) more than once,
automatically this tool will be capture and store the user IP address into the database with the user’s details and
the time of their login. The Algorithm in the below is used to capture and store the unauthorized IP address into
the database.
4.3.1 Algorithm for Monitoring Unknown IP address
vip=getip("address");
If (Ip!=ValidIp(vip)&& Ip<=proxy("vip"))Then
{
time=30;
gtime=refr("time");
If(rEcap("StrVal")==getstr("vstr")&& gtime>=1) Then
{
ready->work;
get(login)=siteurl->vip;
}
else
{
banfile=fopen("$file_location_banlist","w")
setbanlist=add(vip);
print(banfile,"Str",gettime());
}
}
Figure 4:Screenshot of a IP Address Monitoring
4.4 Blocked IP address
Many users operate from shared IP addresses, often those belonging to proxies used by large networks
or home users with their Internet service providers. Since it is impossible to distinguish between individual users
operating from shared IP addresses, blocking one may affect a very large number of legitimate users (ranging up
to millions). Users operating from dynamic IP addresses change IP addresses periodically. This can compound
the auto block problem, particularly when they are also shared, because a block targeted at a malicious user may
shift to a legitimate user while the target shifts to an unblocked IP address. This proposed system is used to store
the blocked spam IP address. This address will be added to the Admin List.
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Figure 5 ; Screenshot of Blocked IP Address
4.4.1 Algorithm for storing Spam IP Address
Vip=getip("address");
function validip()
{
$pattern = "/^([1]?d{1,2}|2[0-4]{1}d{1}|25[0-5]{1})(.([1]?d{1,2}|2[0-4]{1}d{1}|25[0-5]{1})){3}$/";
return (preg_match($pattern, $ip) > 0) ? true : false;
}
if(rEcap()->fail)
{
//move ip to banlist
block("vip")
}
else //if it Ok
{
banfile=fopen("$file_location_banlist","w")
setbanlist=add(vip);
while(Ip==EoF)
{
record=FETCH("Banlistfile");
if(record==vip)
{
DELETE("Record");
}
else
{
Print("Spam IP");
}
}
}
Symbols used in description
Vip= user ip
rEcap=recatch Google Api
Proxy=Proxy ip Checker Function
vstr=users Replay String
gtime=gettime refresh "seconds">(aprox_value="30sec")
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4.5.Client-Side Script
Security on the web is based on a variety of mechanisms, including an underlying concept of trust
known as the same origin policy. This essentially states that if content from one site is granted permission to
access resources on the system, then any content from that site will share these permissions, while content from
another site will have to be granted permissions separately. Cross side scripting vulnerabilities have been
reported and exploited since the 1990s. Prominent sites affected in the past include the social-networking sites
Twitter, Facebook, MySpace, YouTube and Orkut. In recent years, cross-site scripting flaws surpassed buffer
overflows to become the most common publicly reported security vulnerability, with some researchers in
viewing as many as 68% of websites as likely open to Cross side scripting attacks. Cross-site scripting uses the
known vulnerabilities in web-based applications, their servers, or plug-in systems. On which they rely.
Exploiting the fold malicious content into the content being delivered from the compromised site. By finding
ways of injecting malicious scripts into web pages, an attacker can gain elevated access-privileges to sensitive
page content, session cookies, and a variety of other information maintained by the browser on behalf of the
user. The expression "cross-site scripting" originally referred to the act of loading the attacked, third-party web
application from an unrelated attack site, in a manner that executes a fragment of JavaScript prepared by the
attacker in the security context of the targeted domain. These are held in the existing client-side-script.
The proposed system aims to overcome the existing client side scripting. This system can check not
only the client side malicious content but also check the server side script of Code Execution, Command
Execution, Header Injection, File Disclosure, File inclusion, File Manipulation, LDAP Injection, SQL Injection.
It can display how long it has been scanned and how many numbers of files have been scanned. It can produce
the graph to identify where the errors are and how to replace the errors. It can also identify how much it has
been injured and can edit easily wherever the errors occurred. We can check to find out the errors by using two
methods of Top-Down and Bottom-Up approach.
Figure 8: Types of Files to be scanned in this System
The above figure is shows how to check the vulnerable type injections both in the Client side and Server Side
Figure 9: Result of Script Scanning
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4.6 Mathematical Model
This system is used to stop a DoS attack by identifying the Spam IP and discard them before reaching
the victim. The web surfer might surf the source code programs also. This system could check the client side
and the server side scripting to avoid the harmful attackers. So this system is also examine the malicious
content into the content being delivered from the compromised site by applying the following equations
Where c can scan the script to find out the errors in the α coding.
C can check the malicious content of the Coding, t is to calculate the timings of C and n is the total timing
calculated by the c&C and also t.
α
finding out the errors in the script
β
finding out the vulnerable coding and
Ƴ rectifying the infected coding.
= safe
If α, β, Ƴ are correct then the script will be in safe.
4.7 Graphical Model
The graphical model shows the scanning of script wherever it has the errors in it and also it shows the
modification of error code. In its scanning if the white color displays there is no error and if the orange color
indicates there is changes made in it. If the red color is indicated the code must be completely modified.The
developers must be careful to be safe in the codings. This type of code is called the vulnerable code. The graph
model is useful to keep the script in safe.
Figure 10 : Graph Model
III.
CONCLUSIONS
DoS and DDoS attacks are advanced and powerful methods of attacking a network system to make it
either unusable to the legitimate users or downgrade its performance. This survey indicates that an overall DoS
detection mechanism by combing different detectors in order to provide robust and effective detection. Since
Dos attacks are complex and difficult to combat till now. There is no single point solution, everyone is
vulnerable. This survey examines the possible solutions to this problem.
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We cannot separate good traffic system from the more attacks. This Proposed system is used to show the
Flood IP address and also it proves that the users are authentication user by using recapturing techniques. It can
defend against blocking,based on the analysis of existing solutions, the proposed desirable solutions are to
defend DDoS.
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