Air freight forwarders as shippers and customers of the servers play an important role in the whole process of the supply chain. However, air freight forwarders are an operations-intensive industry involving many participants and complex operations. Therefore, a strong information system is needed to optimize the performance of cargo control between overseas business partners, customers and branch offices, and to improve competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to use a Unified Modeling Language (UML) to model the logistics provider's air freight forwarding system. First, the study will discuss the concepts of supply chain management, the characteristics of global logistics management, and the third-party definition of logistics providers - air freight forwarders. Then the study use UML as a modeling tool to construct an air cargo forward system. From this study can see that system modeled by UML is better suited to the real needs of the business than ever before and take the information flow along the supply chain with maximum cost-effectiveness, delivery, and flexibility.
The presentation has covered the some of the important topics of the 'Logistics in manufacturing system' such as
1.0 History of logistics, 2.0 Logistics and value relationship, 3.0 Objectives of logistics system, 4.0 Warehouse function, types and objectives, 5.0 Logistics network planning, 6.0 In-house, third party and TMS (Transportation Management System) logistics services, 7.0 Green Logistics 8.0 Challenges of logistics system
Brigadier Charlie Hobson (Ret’d) shares with us his perspective of End to End Military Logistics.
Join us at the 3rd Annual Defence Logistics Middle East from 24-27 January 2010 in Abu Dhabi.
http://www.deflogme.com
The presentation has covered the some of the important topics of the 'Logistics in manufacturing system' such as
1.0 History of logistics, 2.0 Logistics and value relationship, 3.0 Objectives of logistics system, 4.0 Warehouse function, types and objectives, 5.0 Logistics network planning, 6.0 In-house, third party and TMS (Transportation Management System) logistics services, 7.0 Green Logistics 8.0 Challenges of logistics system
Brigadier Charlie Hobson (Ret’d) shares with us his perspective of End to End Military Logistics.
Join us at the 3rd Annual Defence Logistics Middle East from 24-27 January 2010 in Abu Dhabi.
http://www.deflogme.com
The Current Relevance of Materiality: Voluntary Reporting, Fraud, Blockchain ...inventionjournals
A literature review is performed on the current context of materiality. The concept of materiality is used mainly as a financial measure. In current company environment financial measures are only a part of the application of materiality levels. The current relevance of materiality is discussed based on the developments of voluntary reporting, fraud, blockchain and co-operative compliance. It is concluded whether materiality is outdated in the current company context.
Stakeholder pressures created the legal implications to the companies for the CSR activities and its reporting. CSR is gaining the importance in the field of research. The aim of the study is to provide the review of the development in the field of CSR. The analysis is carried out to understand the areas of the researches in CSR. In total 95 studies from various countries are selected. It is carried out by explaining various studies in the field of CSR to know the definition, the areas of researches and research methods used.
The Relationship between Organizational Justice, Organizational Commitment an...inventionjournals
The current study examines primarily the relationship between organizational justice, organizational commitment, and intention to leave. Investigating if there are gender differences in their levels of organizational justice, organizational commitment and intention to leave the organization is the second objective of this study. Data were collected from 384 health employees of a private hospital in Turkey by related instruments. Consequently, OJ was measured using Niehoff and Moorman’s (1993) scale; Mowday, Steers and Porter’s (1979) scale to measure OB was used and INTL was measured using Bluedorn’s (1982) scale. The reliabilities of the survey instrument was assessed, frequency tests were employed, correlation, regression and independent t-test were made in order to evaluate the relationships between organizational justice, organizational commitment and intention to leave of health employees’. The findings of the study suggest important implications for management theory and practice. The results show that OJ is positively related to OB and negatively related to INTL. OB is negatively related to INTL. As predicted, gender has significant effect on OB, OJ, and INTL. Further, males appear to have a higher OJ and INTL perception, females tend to engage higher OC.
Create stunning reports and dashboard using sparklines. Sparklines enable you to see trends and patterns resides in a single cell only and doesn't take up a lot of size on your dashboard... Try Sparklines now!
Consumer behaviour will control the verdict on product purchasing by consumers. This paper is intended to study on the factors that influence consumer behaviour with regard to purchasing Avon products in Malaysia, specifically women.
Importance of Diplomatic Immunities in Islamic Law (Shari’ah)inventionjournals
Diplomatic Immunity has always been emphasized in western countries. However, diplomatic immunity was originated by Islamic Law 1400 years ago with the advent of Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him). Islamic Law formulated the bases of rights of diplomats, bestowed privileges to envoy of other countries, presented some ideal examples which has much importance and purposeful effects among the different nations, cultures throughout the history of Muslim Ummah. Islamic Law has formulated foundations and rules to protect the diplomats from any sort of harm, killing, damaging their properties instead they must be given privilege and protocol to perform their duties as diplomats in host countries without any fear. Furthermore, even after providing maximum protection, if envoys face a problem, there are laws to protect them in every type of situation including war and peace, chaos and harmony. Additionally, it has never been neglected in the Jurisprudence of Islam, that how the diplomats have to show in the best manner to represent one’s own nation
Assignment on logistic and Supply chain Management Anup Roy
future prospect of logistic management
Geographic information System (GIS) and global positions system (GPS) influence logistic management
the different form of Logistic Management
The Current Relevance of Materiality: Voluntary Reporting, Fraud, Blockchain ...inventionjournals
A literature review is performed on the current context of materiality. The concept of materiality is used mainly as a financial measure. In current company environment financial measures are only a part of the application of materiality levels. The current relevance of materiality is discussed based on the developments of voluntary reporting, fraud, blockchain and co-operative compliance. It is concluded whether materiality is outdated in the current company context.
Stakeholder pressures created the legal implications to the companies for the CSR activities and its reporting. CSR is gaining the importance in the field of research. The aim of the study is to provide the review of the development in the field of CSR. The analysis is carried out to understand the areas of the researches in CSR. In total 95 studies from various countries are selected. It is carried out by explaining various studies in the field of CSR to know the definition, the areas of researches and research methods used.
The Relationship between Organizational Justice, Organizational Commitment an...inventionjournals
The current study examines primarily the relationship between organizational justice, organizational commitment, and intention to leave. Investigating if there are gender differences in their levels of organizational justice, organizational commitment and intention to leave the organization is the second objective of this study. Data were collected from 384 health employees of a private hospital in Turkey by related instruments. Consequently, OJ was measured using Niehoff and Moorman’s (1993) scale; Mowday, Steers and Porter’s (1979) scale to measure OB was used and INTL was measured using Bluedorn’s (1982) scale. The reliabilities of the survey instrument was assessed, frequency tests were employed, correlation, regression and independent t-test were made in order to evaluate the relationships between organizational justice, organizational commitment and intention to leave of health employees’. The findings of the study suggest important implications for management theory and practice. The results show that OJ is positively related to OB and negatively related to INTL. OB is negatively related to INTL. As predicted, gender has significant effect on OB, OJ, and INTL. Further, males appear to have a higher OJ and INTL perception, females tend to engage higher OC.
Create stunning reports and dashboard using sparklines. Sparklines enable you to see trends and patterns resides in a single cell only and doesn't take up a lot of size on your dashboard... Try Sparklines now!
Consumer behaviour will control the verdict on product purchasing by consumers. This paper is intended to study on the factors that influence consumer behaviour with regard to purchasing Avon products in Malaysia, specifically women.
Importance of Diplomatic Immunities in Islamic Law (Shari’ah)inventionjournals
Diplomatic Immunity has always been emphasized in western countries. However, diplomatic immunity was originated by Islamic Law 1400 years ago with the advent of Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him). Islamic Law formulated the bases of rights of diplomats, bestowed privileges to envoy of other countries, presented some ideal examples which has much importance and purposeful effects among the different nations, cultures throughout the history of Muslim Ummah. Islamic Law has formulated foundations and rules to protect the diplomats from any sort of harm, killing, damaging their properties instead they must be given privilege and protocol to perform their duties as diplomats in host countries without any fear. Furthermore, even after providing maximum protection, if envoys face a problem, there are laws to protect them in every type of situation including war and peace, chaos and harmony. Additionally, it has never been neglected in the Jurisprudence of Islam, that how the diplomats have to show in the best manner to represent one’s own nation
Assignment on logistic and Supply chain Management Anup Roy
future prospect of logistic management
Geographic information System (GIS) and global positions system (GPS) influence logistic management
the different form of Logistic Management
With the emergence of the international and domestic markets for aviation cargo, the volume of cargo, including
postal cargo, for civil aviation has increased, and several purely cargo airlines have emerged. Consequently,
competition among aviation logistics enterprises has intensified, and traditional air transportation can no longer meet
customer demands for services. Aviation logistics enterprises must strengthen the aviation logistics service supply
chain to expand their market. Accordingly, this paper discusses the situations and problems of the aviation logistics
service supply chain in China. Moreover, the strategic planning of aviation logistics enterprises in China for the
development of this supply chain is examined. To achieve the objectives of this study, the domestic aviation logistics
service supply chain in China is first investigated. Three of China’s aviation logistics enterprises are selected as
research objects for SWOT analysis. From the results of SWOT analysis, four key issues in the service supply chain
of China’s aviation logistics enterprises are identified: cargo terminals, competitiveness, diversification of service
types, and internal information sharing platforms. Finally, TRIZ analysis is performed on the four issues, and 11
strategies are designed for China’s aviation logistics service supply chain and then are divided into three phases
according to implementation time frame (i.e., short-, medium-, and long-term) to provide references that can be
applied to the practice of China’s aviation logistics enterprises.
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM APPROACH TO EXPERIMENT REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESScscpconf
This paper highlights a work under development on a regional competitiveness project. We
report on a multi-lateral, multi-scale perspective for building cooperative relationships that
enhance competitiveness Regionally. The approach mimics a System of Systems methodology
whereby entity relationships are captured and defined along several dimensions involving
multiple constituents and multiple domain concerns. We build a serious game that is a
distributed business simulator to approach the prototyping of this crossroads between supply
chain management, geographical economics and information systems
Logistics
Logistics is obtaining, producing, and distributing materials and products in the right qualities and to an end user. Logistics includes the science of planning for managing and implementing procedures for the most efficient and effective storage and transportation of goods and services. Services and other information from the source point to the consumer is sent through logistics channels to meet and fulfill customer needs.
Logistics has added benefits and functions that are different from transportation services. Logistics managers need to make decisions based on packaging, containerization, documentation, and insurance, storage, importing and exporting, regulations, and freight damage. They also deal with work and collaborating, claims, managing vendors and partners, and risk mitigation.
Transportation Services
Efficient transportation is important to the survival of a transportation and distribution service. Efficient transportation should be analyzed for the best delivery route, as well as cost-effective packaging that ensures low investment and safety of goods.
Transportation services include the movement of goods and services, people, and animals from one location to another by rail, road, air, sea, cable, space, or pipeline. Transportation services can be divided into three different areas: infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transportation allows communication and trade between the two parties.
When planning the shipment process, the method of transportation is a significant consideration. You need to determine the costs, how important is it to get the shipment to the end user in what period, the value of the goods as well as the size and weight of the goods.
For efficient results obtaining “ONE” integrated service provider will bring lean results.
The North Transportation provides wide spread options to serve all your business needs.
Specializing in "On Time" delivery, from construction jobsites to brick and mortar retail stores.
Our focus is building solutions tailored for our customers!
For efficient results obtaining “ONE” integrated service provider will bring lean results.
The North Transportation provides wide spread options to serve all your business needs.
Specializing in "On Time" delivery, from construction jobsites to brick and mortar retail stores.
Our focus is building solutions tailored for our customers!
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION AND LOGISTICS.pdfgandhiraja3
Mid Star Logistics successfully serving customers over the years handling a high volume of transport. Our strong network helps our customers to do business with ease.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
A UML-Based Approach for Modeling of Air Cargo Forwarder System of Third-Party Logistics
1. International Journal of Business and Management Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X
www.ijbmi.org || Volume 5 Issue 11 || November. 2016 || PP—44-51
www.ijbmi.org 44 | Page
A UML-Based Approach for Modeling of Air Cargo Forwarder
System of Third-Party Logistics
Chin-Lung Chen1
, Tsu-Wen Tseng2
1
(Visual Communication Design, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan, ROC)
2
(Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan, ROC)
ABSTRACT: Air freight forwarders as shippers and customers of the servers play an important role in the
whole process of the supply chain. However, air freight forwarders are an operations-intensive industry
involving many participants and complex operations. Therefore, a strong information system is needed to
optimize the performance of cargo control between overseas business partners, customers and branch offices,
and to improve competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to use a Unified Modeling Language (UML) to
model the logistics provider's air freight forwarding system. First, the study will discuss the concepts of supply
chain management, the characteristics of global logistics management, and the third-party definition of logistics
providers - air freight forwarders. Then the study use UML as a modeling tool to construct an air cargo forward
system. From this study can see that system modeled by UML is better suited to the real needs of the business
than ever before and take the information flow along the supply chain with maximum cost-effectiveness, delivery,
and flexibility.
Keywords: Unified modeling language, Supply chain management, Logistics service provider, Air cargo
forwarder
I. INTRODUCTION
In today's global marketplace, companies are no longer competing as independent entities, but as part
of the supply chain [1]. With the shrinking efficiency of the international business, the company's global
logistics capabilities become increasingly focused on its manufacturing strategy [2]. The most competitive
companies are building decentralized global networks of small, more flexible facilities located in key regional
markets [3]. Supply chain management is no longer concerned about the flow of materials, but more concerned
with the flow of information. This trend in strategy suggests the need for a logistics system to help companies
effectively move goods between regional markets in their global supply network [2]. It requires a single
provider that can plan the overall optimization of the entire logistics operation base and develop a multi-modal
transport solution. Logistics Service Provider (LSP), which is the third-party logistics, is considered to be an
effective provider to meet these requirements. This study proposes a Unified Modeling Language (UML) to
develop an air freight forwarder system by:
1. Discuss the future of global logistics and air freight forwarders.
2. Understand the demand attributes of air freight forwarding services.
3. Build the air cargo forward system through UML.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Global Logistics and Air Cargo Forwarder
There are four factors which underline the dramatic rise of globalization those are global market forces,
technological forces, global cost force, and political and macroeconomic force [4]. In these situations,
businesses cannot ignore the tremendous growth potential of foreign markets, and they must search for
comparatively low cost, including raw materials, labor, etc. from countries worldwide. In global logistics,
components may be sourced in one country, assembled in another country, and distributed to customers all over
the world.Efficient supply chain involves many companies, including raw material suppliers, manufacturers,
agents and third-party logistics (3PL). In a competitive environment, the company's primary goal is to improve
its efficiency, improve its core competitiveness and outsource its non-core business. An important step in the
supply chain is the selection and cooperation of third-party logistics. In the chain, theglobal forwarding agent is
the center of international logistics. The business of airway forwarder is airfreight, which is to collect products
from various customers and airline ships where consignees are or to import products shipped by airline and
transport to consignees.Forwarding agents and airlines are interdependent. They usually contract with airlines
and play a key role in the airfreight workflow.The third-party logistics is an external provider that by agreement
performs customer specific logistics services based on long-term goals with mutual benefit and trust. It assumes
free flow of logistics information. The activities performed include at least management and execution of
transportation and warehousing [5].
2. A UML-Based Approach for Modeling of Air Cargo Forwarder System of Third-Party Logistics
www.ijbmi.org 45 | Page
2.2. Air Cargo Forwarder Information System
Software development life cycle can be divided into five stages: system planning, system analysis,
system design, system development and system implementation [6]. “System planning" attempts to determine
the strategic importance of information systems within an organization. “System analysis” begins with a project
definition and ends with a logical design. “System design” begins with the translation of logical specifications
and ends with technical design specifications. “System development” includes coding and testing. “System
implementation” will install the application software.The flexibility of the logistics system may represent a
potential source of improved efficiency. However, contrary to the flexibility of manufacturing systems that have
been extensively studied, it appears that the study of logistics system flexibility is significant because of its
absence[7].The information system of an LSP enables the transport service provider to distribute the shipment
status information to another party, such as a consignee, a third-party logistics company, a shipper, or another
transportation service provider. A transport service provider is a party that adds value to moving goods from one
place to another. For example, consolidators, warehousing entities, freight forwarders, document personnel,
carriers, or customs clearing personnel. Shipping status may be assigned at any time after the transport service
provider has tendered a shipment (accepted and placed in transit). As stipulated in the trading partner agreement.
As a follow-up to the execution of RosettaNet's PIPs (Partner Interface Processing), for example, shipment lost,
delivery address not found, storage not open. Shipping status information monitors the progress of the
shipment(RosettaNet is a subsidiary of Uniform Code Council, Inc.).
2.3. UnifiedModeling Language
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the name of the modeling language, rather than method or
process. UML is composed of very specific notations and associated grammatical rules for building software
models. UML itself does not prescribe or suggest how to use this notation in the software development process
or as part of the object-oriented design methodology.UML supports a rich set of graphical notation elements. It
describes notations for classes, components, nodes, activities, workflows, use cases, objects, states, and how the
relationships between these elements are modeled. UML also supports the notation of custom extensions
through stereotypes. UML includes four views, which are UseCase View, Logical View, Process View,
Implementation View, and Development View; and there are nine diagrams, they are Use Case Diagram, Class
Diagram, Object Diagram, Activity Diagram, Sequence Diagram, State Diagram, Collaboration Diagram,
Component Diagram, Deployment Diagram.UML is derived from a shared set of commonly accepted concepts
that have been successfully demonstrated in the modeling of large and complex systems, especially software
systems. It provides significant benefits to software engineers and organizations by helping to build rigorous,
traceable, and maintainable models that support the full software development lifecycle.
III. METHOD
3.1. The Scope of Air Cargo Forwarder System
The entire e-LSP solution is the process of moving goods and funds across borders, typically in three
steps: trade compliance and loaded-cost solutions, transportation management solutions and trade settlement
solutions [8]. Because the process of e-LSP is very complex, involving national laws and regulations, tariffs,
taxes, banks, etc., this research cannot study all the views of e-LSP, so the only focus on the management of air
cargo forwarder system.
3.2. The Air Freight Forwarder Process Flow
In general, air freight forwarders are responsible for handling cargo flows from customers (shippers) to
customers (consignees) in international trade flows; including customs brokers, since most freight forwarders
use customs operations, distribution centers or freight transport waiting for air freight covering the services of
schedule arrangement, palletizing loading planning and customs check-in(Fig.1).The export flow and the import
flow are described below. The export flow includes:(1) the marketing issues of buyers and sellers;(2) confirming
the order, booking the transit and obtaining MAWB-No; (3) the place of storage and access;(4) the production
of export documents (invoices, packing lists, entries, and B/L);(5) access to cargo information and palletizing
load plan;(6) the broker or himself authorizeexport customs;(7) check the customs examination or not;(8)
customs clearance release;(9) lifting or departure the cargo. The import flow includes:(1) the marketing issue for
both buyer, and then confirming the order; (2) receiving the departure information of the destination forwarding
agent;(3) through the airline company to obtain delivery orders;(4) make the declaration of import documents;(5)
the broker or himself authorize import customs;(6) to pay taxes according to the import tax bill; (7) check the
customs examination or not;(8) customs clearance release;(9) proof of delivery.The steps of this study in
developing an air cargo forwarding system are as follows:(1) create the Use Case Diagram;(2) createthe Actor’s
Relational Diagram;(3) createtheActivity Diagram;(4) create the Class Diagram;(5) create the Sequence
Diagram;(6) repeated development.
3. A UML-Based Approach for Modeling of Air Cargo Forwarder System of Third-Party Logistics
www.ijbmi.org 46 | Page
Figure1. The international air cargo procedure
3.3. Design the System by UML’s Diagram
3.3.1. Create UML model
Rational Rose is a UML design tool for use in this study. First, create the Rational Rose UML model. It
will automatically make five parts likeUse Case View, Logical View, Component View, Deployment View, and
Model Properties.
3.3.2. Use Case Diagram
In UML, Use Cases are the primary method of capturing system functionality from the user's
perspective and can often be substituted for the "functional requirements" document. According to the
international trade process, as shown in Fig.1, the Use Cases of international trade and air freight forwarder
systems are described below(Fig.2):
Pre-request: The user should be identified before entering the system.
Main process: Based on authorization, the user is allowed to use the approved parts and select the related
business on marketing, bill of lading, filing, customs declaration, shipment status, goods receipt and
delivery, and forwarding.
Description:Afterentering the correct ID, the customer can select the "online inquiry" under marketing, as
well as the forwarding agent "online quotation". After the offering, it can book a flight after order
confirmation.
Sub-process: Depending on the user's choice, the system will enter another sub-system.
Abnormal process: Enter a user pin that is either empty or belongs to the wrong user.
Figure2. User Case Diagram
3.3.3. Actor’s Relational Diagram
An actor is the user of the system. This includes human users and other computer systems. Actors use
aUse Case to perform a number of works that are valuable to the business. A set of use cases that an actor can
access defines their overall roles in the system and their range of actions, as shown in Fig. 3. The actors are
classified as end users (B2C) who are consignees, business users who do business with banks (B2B), and
government (B2G). Actor's Relationship Diagram clearly describes the interrelationships among users:
Customer: There are shippers and consignees depending on the business to be taken. Customer material can
be used worldwide. Designers must categorize user types of Shipment Track & Trace, as well as global
freight statistics.
Air Line
Custom
Distribution Center
Freight Transport
Forwarder
Custom broker
Truck
Owner
(SHPR/CNEE)
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Forwarding agent: Users in the global station. Designers must consider authorization, personal information
(including e-mail addresses, cell phone numbers, warning messages to be sent).
Customsbroker: It can be a forwarding agent (forwarding agent also provides service of customs
declaration).
Custom: Shipping documents randomly inspects with trade van system for cargo release.
Banks: Insurance policy delivery and cash flow management of ATM.
Logistics: e-logistics information exchange.
Figure3.Actor’s Relational Diagram
3.3.4. Activity Diagram
Activity Diagrams are used to show how differences between workflows or processes in a system can
be constructed, how they start, a number of decision paths that can be taken from the beginning to the end, and
parallel processing can occur during execution (shown in Fig. 4). Activities are typically implemented by one or
more Use Cases, the Activity describes the process that is undertaken, and the Use Case how an Actor will use
the system to realize all or part of an Activity. Illustrations for user’s actions are:
Shipper: Quotation query.
Sales: Generatequotation sheet.
Customer Service: Quotation review, global customer data keying, shipping notification.
Co-loaders: Consolidation, reservation, cargo loading plan and airfreight.
OP: Document production, house airway bill production, master airway bill production, freight calculation,
and account production.
Accounting: Billing production and mailing.
Airline Company: freight report.
The activity flow diagram is as follows:
Customer request or online inquiry.
Marketing departments accept inquiries, quotes, approved by the supervisor, and then provided to the
customer.
After confirmation of quotation, direct transfer the order.The quotation details will be reviewedby customer
service department.
After order approval, customer service sets up Global Customer Data.
Customer Service will issue a shipping notice or shipping instruction after the product is packed.
OP (or co-loader) books to the airline and prepare the cargo loading plan.
OP prepares shipping documents, master and house airway bill, as well as freight collected or prepaid.
Accountantproduces bills.
Accountant delivers bills.
Accountant closed the account.
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Figure4. Activity Diagram
3.3.5. Class Diagram
The following example, "Authenticating Login Users," illustrates how to design a static model using
notations. Fig. 5 shows the relationship between the user and their permissions and account details. It also
includes customer preferences. This notation indicates that the customer can have one or more accounts, and the
account is made up of one or more Account Items. The attributes (or data) associated with each class are
detailed (at the top) and supported behavior (in the bottom).
Figure5. Class Diagram
3.3.6. Sequence Diagram
UML provides a graphical way to depict object interactions over time in Sequence Diagrams. These
typically display users or actors, and the objects and components they interact with when they use the Use Case.
A sequence diagram usually represents a single Use Case "scenario" or event flow. Sequence Diagrams are an
excellent way to document usage scenarios and to capture the required objects early in the analysis and to verify
objects usage later in the design. Sequence Diagrams show the flow of messages from one object to another and
thus correspond to methods and events supported by classes/objects. Fig. 6 shows an example of a Sequence
Diagram where the user or actor on the left initiates an event flow and a message flow corresponding to the Use
Case scenario.
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Figure6. Sequence Diagram
3.3.7. Repeat project development and new needs supplement
According to the previous chart, the system will not be able to meet the needs of users in a variety of
multitasking. Therefore, the needs for an international air forwarding system for international transport
companies are:
User Security Control: For Internet applications, a well-planned user security control must be designed for
both internal users and global external users.
Version Control: The system will be verified at the branches and outstations. Therefore, the information
center to control various system versions is a challenge.
Workflow: A branch or substation has its own workflow. The effective management of organizational
workflow is the goal that managers and system operators should strive for.
Report Designer: Flexible report designer will allow users to design reports according to their needs.
Multilanguage: It is important to consider branches and outside stations for multilingual systems that are
appropriate for a globalized system when designing your system.
Multi-platform: The system must consider a variety of cross-industry integration platforms.
Message format: Provides a system to allow the exchange of all message formats that are also suitable for
all levels of the local system.
Support Database: When a database is exchanged, it can integrate many formats of databases for system
integration.
Multi Sections: The standardized operating system must take into account the differences between the
subsystems of each branch and outstations.
Mail Tool: The auto mail tool sends a message to receivers by e-mail or fax.
And a system operating mode can be quickly set-up through UML as following:
Global user settings: User security controls (data is not shareable, and subordinator’s data can be read by
the supervisor).
User rights control: A tree structure for user page management, where each group is authorized to run, such
as modifiable but not deletable, obtainable but not printable, and so on.
Multi-node and section: Function set for multiple nodes and sections.
Automatic accounts: Users can set up automatic accounts according to company rules.
Parameter: Branch can set its own management or operation model based on workflow.
Reporting: Integration with the system, can be designed.
Route setting: Fax or mail to the consignee.
3.3.8. System mode analysis and structure setting
This study gets a system structure and mode from the UML diagram as showing Fig.7. The
international airfreight forwarding system provides multiple index searches, allowing users to change pages
during the same search phase and to support fuzzy search. In the personal information page, it will be classified
as security, customer data, quotation data and so on. Each part of the system will pre-set the sample of standard
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operating time, the exception management will warn when the category violet standard workflow and in an
exceptional condition.Functions of the system structure and mode are:
Parameter setup: The Outside section can set up its own management or operational modes on its workflow,
such as monetary, language, messaging, message delivery for a warranting system for shipping
management.
Business &marketing: Co-loader web setup, company data availability and online quote management, quote
review and outdated quotation filing. Forwarding-related charges can be entered via the unit price and the
system automatically calculates the charges. The expense report will provide an estimated profit for
business management.
Airwaybill of landing: This is the key to the entire airfreight system. It includes OP air freight import and
export airway bill of landing, the management of interchangeable global airway bill of landing. When
section A ships the product to section B, the B/L of A can be transmitted to section B system.
Documentation: Send the customer's shipping instructions (such as invoices or packing lists) to the custom
clearance data system via a file. In this way, it will save the OP typing time and immediately print out the
custom clear data and EDI transmission. It can transfer different formats to the custom clearance data
system.
Globaldata: Set unique codes and basic information for the global shipper/consignee. Each department can
have its own fax number, contact person, salesperson, customs brokers, e-mail and so on. It may also
include their relationship to the shipper/consignee/agent, from which the user can read who is the consignee
and then the agent.
DSS: Exploredinformation from global shipping guidance, customer information, and user performance,
which can be used by decision-makers in branch settings or strategies review.
Financial systems: Global financial system managers in the branch can manage based on co-load in/out,
consolidation in/out, income and cost.
Cargo tracking: It shows the status of transit goods arriving at the terminal consignee or gateway (the point
at which the goods are transferred from one area to another is exchanged between the lines). A requesting
partner to perform Cargo Track and Tracewhen this transaction did not complete successfully. By providing
shipping conditions from the start, users will capture the global supply chain, forecast demand and supply in
the market, and competition strength.
e-Logisticsmessage flow: e-logistics messages will provide global communication standards (RNIF, SMS,
RTF) and provide EDI/XML/ebXML message exchange.
Automaticdeclaration: The customs clearance document will automatically generate XML (also used for
EDI) format files for customs clearance. Track files are automatically generated after clearance.
Custom service: The system will link all customers according to their type. It can also connect banksto do
the transfer and financing business. In the future, the system will provide cross-industry or customized
systems-based services according to the business category:
(1) P/O control or VMI: Inventory management includes order handle, information format, order transmits,
confirm and deal with.
(2) Trucks and GPRS: The management before productsdeliver.
(3) WMS: In distribution and warehouse management,the following information and IT technology are
closely related, including the picking, stock, customs clearance, inventory management, billing
handling, packing lists and so on. Through IT flow management, product in/out and inventory can be
handled.
The internationalairfreight forwarding system will strengthen the integration of information technology and
supply chain of the fourth party logistics. The system design features are as follows:
Standardization: In order to maintain a unified system, it is necessary to set up a standard system that is
suitable for the global sections. A distributed database can be applied to a standardized database. However,
updating the database is important.
Flexibility: System parameter settings will help the system with the flexibility in the face of various
languages, modes of operation and exchange rates. In addition, a standardized system will be verified for
needs of a section.
Modular: The system will be modularized according to the user's differences. Develop their types, objects,
and components to make them detachable and assembled. The need for modulation will result in the system.
Format: Under the multi (crossindustry) alliance, users tend to use information exchange as a system
integration. Combined with e-logistics and the Internetthose had formed a formatting effect.
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Customization: The goal of logistics is to provide high-quality services by meeting the needs of customers.
A system developed by object-oriented will be easily integrated with another system. In addition, a
customized service can also be provided[9].
Differentiation: In international trade flows, customs clearance must be verified in accordance with
government regulations. Under the standardized system, shipping documents will vary according to the
laws of each section. However, various clearance systems must be operated under a standardized airway
forwarding system.
Figure7. System modeling
IV. CONCLUSION
Traditional waterfall model system development workflow is an interview, system analysis and design,
programming, testing, setup, and maintenance. When a new flow is entered, the previous flow must end. In
other words, changes in customer demand will be stopped. Therefore, in the system development document, the
program is completed for the writing work, and ignore the user's needs. UML iterative mode system
development hires an object as a unit to enter and develop in a respective flow repeatedly. Each time, change is
allowed. The advantages of the iterative model are: (1) needs allowing change; (2) reduce conflicts with
customers; (3) improve the quality of software repeatedly development; (4) project members can learn more; (5)
more interaction with customers.As mentioned in the previous section, documents in a traditional development
model are more difficult to display the relationship between a user and a system. This is why the development of
the system from the perspective of the use case is very important.More and more enterprises outsource their
information systems to experts. 3PL and 4PL to provide information to customers, prepare and build
information systems to consumers. In order to meet all types of user needs, information systems must be
designed to be standardized, flexible, modular, formatted, customized and differentiated. In this way, the analyst
can use the same modular language to adapt to various categories, such as air cargo forwarder systems. It will
make the system easier to integrate with users at the customer site (B2B, B2C), intro-industry or cross-industry
or bank (B2B), and government's custom (B2G). This study uses UML as a system development tool to explore
the application of international logistics information system. It also focuses on the analysis of requirements
management, combined with object-oriented technology to set up by the distributed module components to build
the air forwarding system. If UML, JAVA component programming language, data mining technology, and
embedded search engine tools together and used to manage the category, the enterprise will be in a new stage.
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distribution network,European Journal of Operational Research, 133(1), 2001, 81-93.
[3] A.D.MacCormack,L.J.Newman, andD.B.Rosenfield, The new dynamics of global manufacturing site location,Sloan Management
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[4] P.P.Dornier, R.Ernst, M. Fender, and P. Kouvelis, Global operations and logistics: text and cases (John Wiley & Sons,2008).
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[6] J.A.Hoffer, J.F.George, and J.S. Valacich,Modern Systems Analysis and Design (Fifth Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008).
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[9] L.L.Berry, Relationship Marketing, inL.L. Berry, G.L. Shostack, and G. Upah(Ed.), Emerging perspectives on services
marketing(Chicago: AMA, 1983) 25-28.
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