Presentation by James Baumgardner, Ph.D., Deputy Assistant Director Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis Division, CBO, to the 30th International Congress of Actuaries on April 4, 2014
This presentation provides information published in Raising the Excise Tax on Cigarettes: Effects on Health and the Federal Budget (June 2012), www.cbo.gov/publication/43319
Presentation at the Fifth Biennial Conference of the American Society of Health Economists, by Allison Percy, Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis Division
Presentation by Joyce Manchester, Chief, Long-Term Analysis Unit, to the Committee on the Long-Run Macro-Economic Effects of the Aging U.S. Population, National Academy of Sciences
Presentation to the 2014 Fall Research Conference of the Association of Public Policy and Mangement, by Joyce Manchester, Vermont Legislative Joint Fiscal Office and formerly of CBO, Michael Simpson and Geena Kim, of CBO
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at a seminar organized by the Association for Integrity and Responsible Leadership in Economics and Associated Professions.
Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan budgetary and economic analyses that support the Congressional budget process. CBO works hard to make its analyses objective, impartial, nonpartisan, and transparent.
Presentation by James Baumgardner, Ph.D., Deputy Assistant Director Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis Division, CBO, to the 30th International Congress of Actuaries on April 4, 2014
This presentation provides information published in Raising the Excise Tax on Cigarettes: Effects on Health and the Federal Budget (June 2012), www.cbo.gov/publication/43319
Presentation at the Fifth Biennial Conference of the American Society of Health Economists, by Allison Percy, Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis Division
Presentation by Joyce Manchester, Chief, Long-Term Analysis Unit, to the Committee on the Long-Run Macro-Economic Effects of the Aging U.S. Population, National Academy of Sciences
Presentation to the 2014 Fall Research Conference of the Association of Public Policy and Mangement, by Joyce Manchester, Vermont Legislative Joint Fiscal Office and formerly of CBO, Michael Simpson and Geena Kim, of CBO
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at a seminar organized by the Association for Integrity and Responsible Leadership in Economics and Associated Professions.
Since 1975, CBO has produced nonpartisan budgetary and economic analyses that support the Congressional budget process. CBO works hard to make its analyses objective, impartial, nonpartisan, and transparent.
Presentation by Julie Topoleski, Chief of the Long-Term Analysis Unit in CBO’s Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis Division, to the Social Security Advisory Board.
Both CBO and the Social Security Trustees project a shortfall in Social Security’s finances, but they differ in their assessment of its magnitude. This presentation describes that difference and the major factors that contribute to it.
Presentation by David E. Mosher, Assistant Director for CBO’s National Security Division, at the Professional Services Council’s 2016 Vision Federal Market Forecast Conference.
Pressure on the Department of Defense’s budget in future years will come from external fiscal constraints as well as growth within the department in the costs of weapon systems, manpower, and operation and maintenance. Given those fiscal constraints, if those causes of growth are not addressed, DoD will have to reduce forces, the number of weapons it buys, or operations and readiness.
Presentation by Damien Moore, CBO’s Assistant Director for Financial Analysis, at the Research Seminar in Quantitative Economics.
The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is a government-owned corporation responsible for insuring the benefits of 41 million people who participate in defined benefit pension plans provided by private employers. About 10 million of those participants are covered by plans offered by groups of employers; such plans are insured by PBGC’s multiemployer program. That program has drawn increased scrutiny from policymakers in recent years because of the high likelihood that it will not be able to meet all of its insurance obligations, potentially causing participants to lose insured benefits or putting pressure on the government to provide PBGC with greater federal resources. CBO has projected the claims on PBGC’s multiemployer program—which are likely to be relatively small in the coming decade but are projected to be much larger in the following decade—and has analyzed options for improving the program’s finances.
Presentation by Eric Labs, CBO’s Senior Analyst for Naval Forces and Weapons, at the 2017 Defense Outlook Forum.
Over the next 30 years, the Navy’s 2017 shipbuilding plan would cost 30 percent more than the service has received historically, CBO estimates. If future Navy shipbuilding budgets are in line with those over the past 30 years, the Navy’s fleet will be about 20 percent smaller in 2046 than under the Navy’s plan. A larger fleet of around 350 ships could cost about 60 percent more per year than average historical shipbuilding budgets.
Presentation by Christina Hawley Anthony, Robert Arnold, and Joshua Shakin, CBO Unit Chiefs, at a joint seminar by CBO and the Congressional Research Service.
If current laws governing taxes and spending did not change, the condition of the federal budget would worsen considerably over the next three decades. Growth in federal spending would continue to outpace growth in federal revenues, leading to ever larger budget deficits.
Federal spending is projected to rise noticeably in relation to the economy because of growth in spending in Social Security, the major health programs, and interest on the government’s debt. Federal revenues would also increase if current laws remained generally unchanged, but they would increase much more slowly than federal spending.
Presentation by Keith Hall, CBO Director, at the 19th annual meeting of the Retirement Research Consortium.
Presentation by Molly Dahl, Chief of CBO’s Long-Term Analysis Unit, at a meeting of the National Conference of State Legislatures’ Budget Working Group.
At 78 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), federal debt held by the public is now at its highest level since shortly after World War II. If current laws generally remained unchanged, CBO projects, growing budget deficits would boost that debt sharply over the next 30 years; it would approach 100 percent of GDP by the end of the next decade and 152 percent by 2048. That amount would be the highest in the nation’s history by far. The prospect of large and growing debt poses substantial risks for the nation and presents policymakers with significant challenges.
FRB-Richmond_ unsustainable fiscal policy_ implications for monetary policyFred Kautz
Economic research suggests that high debt levels ultimately could overwhelm a central bank’s efforts to keep prices stable. This essay will argue that these outcomes should be avoided in the United States by putting fiscal policy on a sustainable path.
Similar to A Tour of the Federal Budget and Possible Changes in Budget Policy (20)
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
Presentation by Mark Hadley, CBO's Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel, at the 2nd NABO-OECD Annual Conference of Asian Parliamentary Budget Officials.
Presentation by Daria Pelech, an analyst in CBO’s Health Analysis Division, at the Center for Health Insurance Reform McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University.
This slide deck highlights CBO’s key findings about the outlook for the economy as described in its new report, The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2024 to 2034.
Presentation by CBO analysts Rebecca Heller, Shannon Mok, and James Pearce, and Census Bureau research economist Jonathan Rothbaum at the American Economic Association Annual Meeting, Committee on Economic Statistics.
Presentation by Eric J. Labs, an analyst in CBO’s National Security Division, at the Bank of America 2024 Defense Outlook and Commercial Aerospace Forum.
Presentation by Elizabeth Ash, William Carrington, Rebecca Heller, and Grace Hwang of CBO’s Labor, Income Security, and Long-Term Analysis and Health Analysis divisions to the Children’s Health Group, American Academy of Pediatrics.
In the President’s 2024 budget request, total military compensation is $551 billion, including veterans' benefits. That amount represents an increase of 134 percent since 1999 after removing the effects of inflation.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
Website Link :
https://skyeresidences.com/
https://skyeresidences.com/about-us/
https://skyeresidences.com/gallery/
https://skyeresidences.com/rooms/
https://skyeresidences.com/near-by-attractions/
https://skyeresidences.com/commute/
https://skyeresidences.com/contact/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-and-balcony/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-king-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
#Skye Residences Etobicoke, #Skye Residences Near Toronto Airport, #Skye Residences Toronto, #Skye Hotel Toronto, #Skye Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Near Toronto Airport Accommodation, #Suites Near Toronto Airport, #Etobicoke Suites Near Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Pearson International Airport, #Toronto Airport Suite Rentals, #Pearson Airport Hotel Suites
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
A Tour of the Federal Budget and Possible Changes in Budget Policy
1. Congressional Budget Office
A Tour of the Federal Budget and Possible
Changes in Budget Policy
Presentation to Economics 10 at Harvard University
Douglas W. Elmendorf
Director
April 26, 2013
2. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Outline of the Talk
Where Does Federal Spending Go and Federal
Revenue Come From?
How Has the Federal Budget Changed Over Time?
What Will Happen to Federal Spending, Revenues,
and Debt Under Current Law?
What Will Be the Consequences of Those Trends?
What Criteria Could Be Used to Evaluate Proposed
Policy Changes?
What Policy Changes Have Been Proposed?
3. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Much of Federal Spending Goes to a Few Large Programs
Net Interest
Total Spending in 2012
$3,538 Billion
Social Security
Nondefense Discretionary
Spending
Defense
Medicare
4. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Mandatory Spending Totaled $2,031 Billion in 2012
Social Security
Social Security and Medicare
$1,234 Billion
Other Mandatory Spending
$797 Billion
5. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Defense
$670 Billion
Nondefense
$615 Billion
Discretionary Spending Totaled $1,285 Billion in 2012
6. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Federal Revenue Comes Mostly from Individual Income
Taxes and Payroll Taxes
Individual Income Taxes
Other
Corporate Income Taxes
Social Insurance Taxes
Total Revenue in 2012
$2,449 Billion
7. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
In 2012, Federal Revenue Was Low and Spending Was High Compared
with Past Averages
8. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
A Growing Share of Federal Spending Is Transfers to
People and State and Local Governments
0
25
50
75
100
1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Interest Payments and Other
Nondefense Compensation of
Federal Employees and
Purchases of Good and Services
Defense Compensation of
Federal Employees and
Purchases of Good and Services
Grants-in-Aid to State &
Local Governments
Benefit Payments to
Persons
Compensation of
Federal Employees
and Purchases of
Goods and Services
40% in 2011
Transfers to People
and State & Local
Governments
60% in 2011
Apart from
Interest Payments
and Other:
Percent
9. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
The Number of Civilians Employed by the Federal
Government Has Changed Little Over the Past 30 Years
Federal Employment by Type, In Millions of People Employed
Based on data from the national income and product accounts.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
Government Enterprises
Military
Civilian
10. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Total Average Federal Tax Rates for All Households,
by Before-Tax Income Group, 1979 to 2009
(Percent)
Based on data from The Distribution of Household Income and Average Federal Tax Rates, 2008 and 2009 (July 2012).
11. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
By 2023 Under Current Law, Federal Spending Will Shift
Further Toward Social Security and Medicare
12. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Under Current Law, Federal Spending on Social Security, Major
Health Care Programs, and Interest Will Grow Relative to GDP
Percentage of GDP
Projections from The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2013 to 2023 (February 2013).
13. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Under Current Law, Federal Spending and Revenues Will
Both Be Larger Relative to GDP than Historically
Percentage of GDP
Projections from The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2013 to 2023 (February 2013).
14. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Under Current Law, Federal Deficits Will Shrink Relative
to GDP for a Few Years and Then Increase Again
Percentage of GDP
Projections from The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2013 to 2023 (February 2013).
15. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Under Current Law, Federal Debt Held by the Public Will
Be Historically Large Relative to GDP
Actual Projected
Percentage of GDP
Projections from The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2013 to 2023 (February 2013).
16. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
High and Rising Debt Relative to the Size of the Economy
Is a Significant Concern for Several Reasons
Crowding out of capital investment will be greater in
the medium run and long run.
Lawmakers will have less flexibility to respond to
unexpected challenges.
There will be a heightened risk of a fiscal crisis.
17. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
High and Rising Debt Relative to the Size of the Economy
Is a Significant Concern for Several Reasons (Continued)
Debt would be even larger if current laws were modified
to delay or undo certain scheduled changes in policy.
The caps on discretionary funding set in 2011 (preceding
sequestration) are already very low relative to GDP.
Ten-year projections do not fully reflect long-term budget
pressures. Under current law, federal debt appears to be
on an unsustainable path.
18. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Proposed Changes in Budget Policy Can Be Evaluated
According to Many Criteria
How Much Would Debt Be Reduced?
The more that debt is reduced, the more that the harms caused by
high debt would be avoided—but also the greater the loss of
government benefits and services or the greater the burdens of
higher taxes.
How Quickly Would Debt Be Reduced?
Deficit reduction would have a smaller negative impact on output
and employment in the short run if it occurred after the economy
was stronger and the Federal Reserve was raising interest rates.
19. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Proposed Changes in Budget Policy Can Be Evaluated
According to Many Criteria (Continued)
How Would Policy Changes Affect Longer-Term
Economic Performance?
Lower debt would be good for the economy, but higher marginal tax
rates or smaller government investments would be a partly
offsetting drag on the economy.
Who Would Bear the Burden of Policy Changes?
There would be different effects on people at different income
levels, on people with similar incomes but other differences, and on
people in different generations.
20. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Proposed Changes in Budget Policy Can Be Evaluated
According to Many Criteria (Continued)
How Would the Country’s Resources and Government’s
Resources Be Allocated?
How much money should the government collect and what should it
spend that money on?
21. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
House Republicans Estimate Their Plan Would Balance the Budget In
2023 Through Large Cuts to Many Programs Relative to Current Law
22. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Senate Democrats Estimate Their Plan Would Reduce the Deficit In
2023 Through Changes in Spending and Taxes Relative to Current Law
23. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
The Budget Outlook Varies Under Different Projections
40-Year
Average 2012
CBO’s Projection
Under
Current Law
House
Republicans’
Estimate of
Their Plan
Senate
Democrats’
Estimate of
Their Plan
(Percent of GDP)
2023
Revenues 17.9 15.8 19.1 19.1 19.8
Total Outlays 21.0 22.8 22.9 19.1 21.9
Social Security and
Medicare 6.2 7.9 9.0 8.8 8.9
Defense 4.7 4.3 2.8 2.7 2.4
Net Interest 2.2 1.4 3.3 2.4 3.1
All other 7.9 9.1 7.9 5.2 7.7
Deficit -3.1 -7.0 -3.8 0.0 -2.2
24. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
CBO Analyzes Many Possible Changes to Federal Spending
and Revenues
CBO reports show budgetary effects and other effects
of possible changes in law.
Reducing the Deficit: Revenue and Spending Options
Reports on individual programs
Choices for Deficit Reduction
But CBO does not make policy recommendations.
25. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
CBO Analyzes Only Certain Types of Budget Proposals
President’s Budget—CBO will release its analysis in
mid-May.
Budget Resolutions—CBO does not analyze.
Other Proposals (Bowles-Simpson, think tanks, other
Congressional groups)—CBO does not analyze.
26. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Conclusion, Part 1
Under current law for 2023, federal spending for Social
Security and Medicare will be nearly 3 percent of GDP larger
than it has averaged during the past 40 years—while federal
spending for defense will be nearly 2 percent of GDP smaller,
and federal spending for all other programs will be the same
share of GDP. Interest payments will be about 1 percent of GDP
larger because the debt will be much larger, and revenues will
be about 1 percent of GDP larger.
Altogether, the deficit will be about 1 percent of GDP larger
than its average during the past 40 years.
27. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Conclusion, Part 2
House Republicans estimate that their plan would balance the
budget in 2023. Relative to current law for 2023, they would
leave revenues and spending for Social Security, Medicare, and
defense at roughly the same shares of GDP, but would cut all
other spending taken together by about one-third.
Senate Democrats estimate that their plan would reduce the
deficit to about 2 percent of GDP in 2023. Relative to current
law for 2023, they would raise revenues by about ¾ percent of
GDP, reduce defense spending by about ½ percent of GDP,
leave Social Security and Medicare spending at roughly the
same shares of GDP, and trim all other spending by a bit.
28. C O N G R E S S I O N A L B U D G E T O F F I C E
Conclusion, Part 3
Key Implication of CBO’s Budget Projections:
Putting the debt on a sustainable path will
ultimately require increases in taxes or cuts in
government benefits or services for people who
consider themselves to be in the middle class.