A mobile ad-hoc network is a category of wireless network which does not depend on a predefined network structure or topology. Ad hoc networks require no centralized administration or fixed network infrastructure such as base stations or access points, and can be quickly and inexpensively set up as needed. Two mobile nodes can exchange data directly if they are in the defined range of each other. If not, nodes can communicate via a multi-hop route with the help of other mobile nodes. This paper proposed an approach to improve data transmission by reducing the data traffic and it also increase data availability in the mobile ad-hoc network. In the proposed approach, MANET is server client based network, means a mobile host acts as a server and fulfill the others node’s request. Each mobile node has a buffer for temporarily storing data fragment for a specific time, If a mobile node requests for a particular data fragment and the request is multi hoped, then first request is sent to its neighbor node, neighbor node first match requested data fragment with stored data, if it is matched the request will be responded by this neighbor otherwise request will be routed to mobile server. In this way the overhead of the server and server traffic will be reduced. The proposed method reduces time consumed by data fetching directly from server routing through multiple nodes and thus, it also enhances data availability.
The purpose of the research was to determine the type and relative percentages of free oligosaccharides that were found in human breast milk from mothers in Bangladesh.
QSAR Modeling of Bisbenzofuran Compounds using 2D-Descriptors as Antimalarial...ijtsrd
In the present study we have performed Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis for 43bisbenzofuran derivatives to estimate the antimalarial activity using some 2D descriptors. Several significant QSAR models has been calculated for predicting the antimalarial activity (“logIC50) of these molecules by using the multiple linear regression (MLR) technique. Among the obtained QSAR models, a four parametric model was most significant having R2=0.9502. An external set was used for confirming the predictive power of the models. High correlation between experimental and predicted antimalarial activity values, was obtained in the validation approach that displayed the good modality of the derived QSAR models. Tripti Kaushal | Anita K | Bashirulla Shaik | Vijay K. Agrawal"QSAR Modeling of Bisbenzofuran Compounds using 2D-Descriptors as Antimalarial Agents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9497.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/9497/qsar-modeling-of-bisbenzofuran-compounds-using-2d-descriptors-as-antimalarial-agents/tripti-kaushal
Inhibition of Aldose Activity by Essential Phytochemicals of Cymbopogon citra...CSCJournals
The ambiguity of whether aldose reductase, an enzyme of polyol pathway, is linked to diabetes and its complication has been receded based on the recent studies made on the inhibition of its (Aldose reductase) activity. In our current study, we have used an in silico approach (molecular docking) to analyze the effect of essential phytochemicals obtained from Cymbopogon citratus on the aldose reductase activity. C.citratus is grown extensively in tropical countries including India for perfumery and pharmaceuticals. The essential phytochemicals of C.citratus like Myrcene, Citral, and Geraniol have been used as ligand for the molecular docking analysis with Aldose reductase as receptor. The docking analysis showed Myrcene, with binding energy of -8.76 Kcal/mol is best amongst Citral and Geraniol which are having binding energies of -7.24 Kcal/mol and -7.93 Kcal/mol respectively for inhibiting the activity of Aldose reductase.
The purpose of the research was to determine the type and relative percentages of free oligosaccharides that were found in human breast milk from mothers in Bangladesh.
QSAR Modeling of Bisbenzofuran Compounds using 2D-Descriptors as Antimalarial...ijtsrd
In the present study we have performed Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis for 43bisbenzofuran derivatives to estimate the antimalarial activity using some 2D descriptors. Several significant QSAR models has been calculated for predicting the antimalarial activity (“logIC50) of these molecules by using the multiple linear regression (MLR) technique. Among the obtained QSAR models, a four parametric model was most significant having R2=0.9502. An external set was used for confirming the predictive power of the models. High correlation between experimental and predicted antimalarial activity values, was obtained in the validation approach that displayed the good modality of the derived QSAR models. Tripti Kaushal | Anita K | Bashirulla Shaik | Vijay K. Agrawal"QSAR Modeling of Bisbenzofuran Compounds using 2D-Descriptors as Antimalarial Agents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9497.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/9497/qsar-modeling-of-bisbenzofuran-compounds-using-2d-descriptors-as-antimalarial-agents/tripti-kaushal
Inhibition of Aldose Activity by Essential Phytochemicals of Cymbopogon citra...CSCJournals
The ambiguity of whether aldose reductase, an enzyme of polyol pathway, is linked to diabetes and its complication has been receded based on the recent studies made on the inhibition of its (Aldose reductase) activity. In our current study, we have used an in silico approach (molecular docking) to analyze the effect of essential phytochemicals obtained from Cymbopogon citratus on the aldose reductase activity. C.citratus is grown extensively in tropical countries including India for perfumery and pharmaceuticals. The essential phytochemicals of C.citratus like Myrcene, Citral, and Geraniol have been used as ligand for the molecular docking analysis with Aldose reductase as receptor. The docking analysis showed Myrcene, with binding energy of -8.76 Kcal/mol is best amongst Citral and Geraniol which are having binding energies of -7.24 Kcal/mol and -7.93 Kcal/mol respectively for inhibiting the activity of Aldose reductase.
In Silico Structural and Functional Insights into the Lipoxygenase Enzyme of ...rahulmonikasharma
Lipoxygenases (LOX) are a family of enzymes known to play a key role in the plant response related to osmotic, drought and high-salinity stress. Plants contain multiple isoforms of the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme which differs in terms of its substrate preference, optimal pH, product formation, and stability. Till date, no study has been done to focus on the structural and functional aspect of lipoxygenase enzyme of Cajanus cajan, an important legume crop of Indian sub-continent. The present work revealed that the LOX enzyme of Cajanus cajanis a 96.65 kDa monomeric stable protein. It also contained an iron ion as a ligand in its predicted structure. Ramchandran’s analysis showed the modeled tertiary structure to be a stable one with 91.7% residues in the favoured regions. This study will be helpful to understand the structural aspects of LOX enzyme and would help future studies to enhance the expression of this enzyme in response to major abiotic (mainly salt stress) and biotic stresses.
Identification of Bioactive Compounds in the acetone extract of Daedalea eleg...AI Publications
Daedalea elegans is a Nigerian wild (non-edible) higher fungus with great potentials in the pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetics and food industry. This current study investigates the bioactive compounds that can be found in the acetone extract of D. elegans using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). There were twenty-eight compounds identified to be present in the acetone extract of the fungi under study and these are Benzoic acid (0.40%), Nonanoic acid (0.14%), Oxetane, 2,2,4-trimethyl- (0.28%), n-Decanoic acid (0.09%), Phthalimide (0.44%) Dodecanoic acid (0.24%), E-2-Hexenyl benzoate (0.21%), 2,4-Difluorobenzene, 1-benzyloxy- (0.16%), Tetratetracontane (0.55%), Isopropylphosphonic acid, fluoroanhydryde (0.28%), Benzene, (1-methylundecyl)- (0.21%), Tetradecanoic acid (0.76%), Cyclohexanepropanol, .alpha.,2,2,6-tetrame (0.56%), Pentadecanoic acid (0.71%), E-2-Hexenyl benzoate (0.32%), Pentadecanoic acid (0.97%), 1-Decanol, 2-hexyl- (0.46%), 9-Tetradecenal, (Z) (1.67), n-Hexadecanoic acid (23.59%) is the second most abundant, Phthalic acid, butyl undecyl ester (1.08%), Eicosanoic acid (0.79%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (44.64%) was the highest in quantity, Octadecanoic acid (6.98%), Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (2.64%), 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-heptadeca-3,7,11,15-tetraenyl)-cyclohexanol (1.95%), 9(11)-Dehydroergosteryl benzoate (8.37%), 9(11)-Dehydroergosteroltosylate (1.28%), 4,6-Decadienal, 8-ethyl-10-[4-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3,9 (0.22%). These compounds possess activities which includes but not limited to cancer chemotherapy, antifeedant against pine weevil, antifungi agent in topical therapeutic preparation, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-convulsant, antioxidants, hypocholesterolemic, anti-androgenic, nematicide, analgesic, intermediate for food-grade additives, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes and plastic, antineoplastic agent, biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membrane to mention a few. This study has been able to show that D. elegans is a good source of bioactive compounds with great potentials that can be harnessed in various industries.
Novel Hybrid Molecules of Isoxazole Chalcone Derivatives: Synthesis and Study...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
medicine due to their significant role in the treatment of different health problems.
Methods: We have synthesized new series of isoxazole-chalcone conjugates (14a-m) by the
Claisen-Schmidt condensation of suitable substituted acetophenones with isoxazole aldehydes (12a-d).
In vitro cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds was studied against four different selected
human cancer cell lines by using sulforhodamine B (SRB) method.
Results: The adopted scheme resulted in good yields of new series of isoxazole-chalcone
conjugates (14a-m). Potent cytotoxic activity was observed for compounds -14a, 14b, 14e, 14i, 14j
and 14k against prostate DU-145 cancer cell line.
Conclusion: The observed potent cytotoxic activities were due to the presence of 3,4,5-
trimethoxyphenyl group.
An Integrative System For Prediction Of Nac Proteins In Rice Using Different ...ijsc
The NAC gene family encodes a large family of plant-specific transcription factors with diverse roles in various developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Creation of genome wide prediction tools for NAC proteins will have a significant impact on gene annotation in rice. In the present study, NACSVM, a tool for computational genome-scale prediction of NAC proteins in rice was developed integrating compositional and evolutionary information of NAC proteins. Initially, support vector machine (SVM)- based modules were developed using combinatorial presence of diverse protein features such as traditional amino acid, dipeptide (i+1), tripeptide (i+2), four-parts composition and PSSM and an overall accuracy of 79%, 93%, 93%, 79% and 100% respectively was achieved. Later, two hybrid modules were developed based on amino acid, dipeptide and tripeptide composition, through which an overall accuracy of 83% and 79% was achieved. NACSVM was also evaluated using position-specific iterated – basic local alignment search tool which resulted in a lower accuracy of 50%. In order to benchmark NACSVM , the tool was evaluated using independent data test and cross validation methods. The different statistical analyses carried out revealed that the proposed algorithm is an useful tool for annotating NAC proteins in genome of rice.
AN INTEGRATIVE SYSTEM FOR PREDICTION OF NAC PROTEINS IN RICE USING DIFFERENT ...ijsc
The NAC gene family encodes a large family of plant-specific transcription factors with diverse roles in
various developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Creation of genome wide prediction tools
for NAC proteins will have a significant impact on gene annotation in rice. In the present study, NACSVM,
a tool for computational genome-scale prediction of NAC proteins in rice was developed integrating
compositional and evolutionary information of NAC proteins. Initially, support vector machine (SVM)-
based modules were developed using combinatorial presence of diverse protein features such as
traditional amino acid, dipeptide (i+1), tripeptide (i+2), four-parts composition and PSSM and an overall
accuracy of 79%, 93%, 93%, 79% and 100% respectively was achieved. Later, two hybrid modules were
developed based on amino acid, dipeptide and tripeptide composition, through which an overall accuracy
of 83% and 79% was achieved. NACSVM was also evaluated using position-specific iterated – basic local
alignment search tool which resulted in a lower accuracy of 50%. In order to benchmark NACSVM ,
the
tool was evaluated using independent data test and cross validation methods. The different statistical
analyses carried out revealed that the proposed algorithm is an useful tool for annotating NAC proteins in
genome of rice.
Evaluation of In-vitro neuroprotective effect of Ethanolic extract of Canariu...AI Publications
The ethanolic extract of canarium solomonense leaves (ecsl) was studied for its neuroprotective activity. The neuroprotective activity of ECSL was found to have a significant impact on neuronal cell death triggered by hydrogen peroxide (MTT assay) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocker, is frequently used to induce cognitive impairment in laboratory animals. Injections of scopolamine influence multiple cognitive functions, including motor function, short-term memory, and attention. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, memory enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was evaluated. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, ECSL was found to have a substantial effect on the memory of scopolamine- induced amnesic rats. Our experimental data indicated that ECSL can reverse scopolamine induced amnesia and assist with memory issues.
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship Studies of 4-Methyl-2-(p-Substit...IJAEMSJORNAL
This research article reports the synthesis of a series of 4-methyl-2-(p-substitutedphenyl)quinoline derivatives which display potent antifungal activities. Moreover the potency of the synthesized compounds have been explored by means of Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship(QSAR) study carried out using regression analysis and statistically significant (r2) QSAR models. A number of descriptors were tested to adjudge a quantitative correlation between activity and structural features using training set and test set. It is evident from the QSAR study that majority of the antifungal activity is due to lipophilicity as well as cLogP influence on the biological activity. The results were interpreted on the basis of regression analysis. Since the developed QSAR models are found to be statistically significant and predictive, they can potentially be used for prediction of antifungal activities of new molecules before prioritization of their synthesis
NACSVMPred: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH FOR PREDICTION OF NAC PROTEINS IN RIC...cscpconf
NAC proteins are plant-specific transcriptional factors with diversified roles in various developmental processes and stress responses. Development of genome wide prediction tools for NAC proteins will substantially have an impact on rice gene annotation. NACSVMPred is an effort in this direction for computational genome-scale prediction of NAC proteins in rice by integrating compositional and evolutionary information of proteins. Support vector machine (SVM)-based modules were first developed using traditional amino acid, dipeptide (i+1), tripeptide (i+2), four-parts composition and PSSM and an overall accuracy of 79%, 93%, 93%,79% and 100% respectively was achieved. Further, two hybrid modules were developed based on amino acid, dipeptide and tripeptide composition, which achieved an overall accuracy of 83% and 79%. NACSVMPred was also evaluated with PSI-BLAST, which resulted in a lower accuracy of 50%. The different statistical analyses carried out revealed that the proposed algorithm is useful for rice genome annotation, specifically predicting NAC proteins.
QSAR Studies of the Inhibitory Activity of a Series of Substituted Indole and...inventionjournals
HF method, with the basis set 6-31G (d) was employed to calculate quantum some chemical descriptors of 37 substituted Indole. The best descriptors were selected to establish the quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) of the inhibitory activity against isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (Icmt), by principal components analysis (PCA), to a multiple regression analysis (MLR), to a nonlinear regression (RNLM) and to an artificial neural network (ANN). We accordingly propose a quantitative model and we interpret the activity of the compounds relying on the multivariate statistical analysis. This study shows that the MLR and have served to predict activity, but when compared with the results given by the ANN model. We concluded that the predictions achieved by this latter is more effective and much better than other models. The statistical results indicate that the model is statistically significant and shows very good stability towards data variation in the validation method. The contribution of each descriptor to the structure-activity relationship is evaluated.
Protein structure determination of insulin of zebra fish (Danio rerio) by hom...IOSR Journals
The protein sequence of insulin of zebra fish is obtained from UniProt. Due to lack of their structure, structure prediction is necessary, because the structure of protein plays an important role in their function. Our work is based on the production of two protein structure, from the same sequence, by computational approach and finally validates these generated structures. In this work two different widely acceptable online web tool are used for generating structure from the protein sequences of insulin of zebra fish. These are Swiss Model web server and ESyPred3D web server. After getting structure from this two web tool, the structures are passed by a series of quality tests. ProQ web software is used for checking quality of these generated structures. 3d-ss web tool is used for superimposition between two generated structures. It can compare between two structures. The Ramachandran plot is calculated by using VegaZZ software. CASTp (Computer Atlas of Surface Topology of protein) is a web tool, used to predict active sides with their respective volume and area. Finally ProFunc tool is used for analysis of two structures
Data Mining is a significant field in today’s data-driven world. Understanding and implementing its concepts can lead to discovery of useful insights. This paper discusses the main concepts of data mining, focusing on two main concepts namely Association Rule Mining and Time Series Analysis
A Review on Real Time Integrated CCTV System Using Face Detection for Vehicle...rahulmonikasharma
We are describes the technique for real time human face detection and counting the number of passengers in vehicle and also gender of the passengers.The Image processing technology is very popular,now at present all are going to use it for various purpose. It can be applied to various applications for detecting and processing the digital images. Face detection is a part of image processing. It is used for finding the face of human in a given area. Face detection is used in many applications such as face recognition, people tracking, or photography. In this paper,The webcam is installed in public vehicle and connected with Raspberry Pi model. We use face detection technique for detecting and counting the number of passengers in public vehicle via webcam with the help of image processing and Raspberry Pi.
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Lipoxygenases (LOX) are a family of enzymes known to play a key role in the plant response related to osmotic, drought and high-salinity stress. Plants contain multiple isoforms of the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme which differs in terms of its substrate preference, optimal pH, product formation, and stability. Till date, no study has been done to focus on the structural and functional aspect of lipoxygenase enzyme of Cajanus cajan, an important legume crop of Indian sub-continent. The present work revealed that the LOX enzyme of Cajanus cajanis a 96.65 kDa monomeric stable protein. It also contained an iron ion as a ligand in its predicted structure. Ramchandran’s analysis showed the modeled tertiary structure to be a stable one with 91.7% residues in the favoured regions. This study will be helpful to understand the structural aspects of LOX enzyme and would help future studies to enhance the expression of this enzyme in response to major abiotic (mainly salt stress) and biotic stresses.
Identification of Bioactive Compounds in the acetone extract of Daedalea eleg...AI Publications
Daedalea elegans is a Nigerian wild (non-edible) higher fungus with great potentials in the pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetics and food industry. This current study investigates the bioactive compounds that can be found in the acetone extract of D. elegans using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). There were twenty-eight compounds identified to be present in the acetone extract of the fungi under study and these are Benzoic acid (0.40%), Nonanoic acid (0.14%), Oxetane, 2,2,4-trimethyl- (0.28%), n-Decanoic acid (0.09%), Phthalimide (0.44%) Dodecanoic acid (0.24%), E-2-Hexenyl benzoate (0.21%), 2,4-Difluorobenzene, 1-benzyloxy- (0.16%), Tetratetracontane (0.55%), Isopropylphosphonic acid, fluoroanhydryde (0.28%), Benzene, (1-methylundecyl)- (0.21%), Tetradecanoic acid (0.76%), Cyclohexanepropanol, .alpha.,2,2,6-tetrame (0.56%), Pentadecanoic acid (0.71%), E-2-Hexenyl benzoate (0.32%), Pentadecanoic acid (0.97%), 1-Decanol, 2-hexyl- (0.46%), 9-Tetradecenal, (Z) (1.67), n-Hexadecanoic acid (23.59%) is the second most abundant, Phthalic acid, butyl undecyl ester (1.08%), Eicosanoic acid (0.79%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (44.64%) was the highest in quantity, Octadecanoic acid (6.98%), Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (2.64%), 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-heptadeca-3,7,11,15-tetraenyl)-cyclohexanol (1.95%), 9(11)-Dehydroergosteryl benzoate (8.37%), 9(11)-Dehydroergosteroltosylate (1.28%), 4,6-Decadienal, 8-ethyl-10-[4-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3,9 (0.22%). These compounds possess activities which includes but not limited to cancer chemotherapy, antifeedant against pine weevil, antifungi agent in topical therapeutic preparation, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-convulsant, antioxidants, hypocholesterolemic, anti-androgenic, nematicide, analgesic, intermediate for food-grade additives, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes and plastic, antineoplastic agent, biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membrane to mention a few. This study has been able to show that D. elegans is a good source of bioactive compounds with great potentials that can be harnessed in various industries.
Novel Hybrid Molecules of Isoxazole Chalcone Derivatives: Synthesis and Study...Ratnakaram Venkata Nadh
medicine due to their significant role in the treatment of different health problems.
Methods: We have synthesized new series of isoxazole-chalcone conjugates (14a-m) by the
Claisen-Schmidt condensation of suitable substituted acetophenones with isoxazole aldehydes (12a-d).
In vitro cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds was studied against four different selected
human cancer cell lines by using sulforhodamine B (SRB) method.
Results: The adopted scheme resulted in good yields of new series of isoxazole-chalcone
conjugates (14a-m). Potent cytotoxic activity was observed for compounds -14a, 14b, 14e, 14i, 14j
and 14k against prostate DU-145 cancer cell line.
Conclusion: The observed potent cytotoxic activities were due to the presence of 3,4,5-
trimethoxyphenyl group.
An Integrative System For Prediction Of Nac Proteins In Rice Using Different ...ijsc
The NAC gene family encodes a large family of plant-specific transcription factors with diverse roles in various developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Creation of genome wide prediction tools for NAC proteins will have a significant impact on gene annotation in rice. In the present study, NACSVM, a tool for computational genome-scale prediction of NAC proteins in rice was developed integrating compositional and evolutionary information of NAC proteins. Initially, support vector machine (SVM)- based modules were developed using combinatorial presence of diverse protein features such as traditional amino acid, dipeptide (i+1), tripeptide (i+2), four-parts composition and PSSM and an overall accuracy of 79%, 93%, 93%, 79% and 100% respectively was achieved. Later, two hybrid modules were developed based on amino acid, dipeptide and tripeptide composition, through which an overall accuracy of 83% and 79% was achieved. NACSVM was also evaluated using position-specific iterated – basic local alignment search tool which resulted in a lower accuracy of 50%. In order to benchmark NACSVM , the tool was evaluated using independent data test and cross validation methods. The different statistical analyses carried out revealed that the proposed algorithm is an useful tool for annotating NAC proteins in genome of rice.
AN INTEGRATIVE SYSTEM FOR PREDICTION OF NAC PROTEINS IN RICE USING DIFFERENT ...ijsc
The NAC gene family encodes a large family of plant-specific transcription factors with diverse roles in
various developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Creation of genome wide prediction tools
for NAC proteins will have a significant impact on gene annotation in rice. In the present study, NACSVM,
a tool for computational genome-scale prediction of NAC proteins in rice was developed integrating
compositional and evolutionary information of NAC proteins. Initially, support vector machine (SVM)-
based modules were developed using combinatorial presence of diverse protein features such as
traditional amino acid, dipeptide (i+1), tripeptide (i+2), four-parts composition and PSSM and an overall
accuracy of 79%, 93%, 93%, 79% and 100% respectively was achieved. Later, two hybrid modules were
developed based on amino acid, dipeptide and tripeptide composition, through which an overall accuracy
of 83% and 79% was achieved. NACSVM was also evaluated using position-specific iterated – basic local
alignment search tool which resulted in a lower accuracy of 50%. In order to benchmark NACSVM ,
the
tool was evaluated using independent data test and cross validation methods. The different statistical
analyses carried out revealed that the proposed algorithm is an useful tool for annotating NAC proteins in
genome of rice.
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The ethanolic extract of canarium solomonense leaves (ecsl) was studied for its neuroprotective activity. The neuroprotective activity of ECSL was found to have a significant impact on neuronal cell death triggered by hydrogen peroxide (MTT assay) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocker, is frequently used to induce cognitive impairment in laboratory animals. Injections of scopolamine influence multiple cognitive functions, including motor function, short-term memory, and attention. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, memory enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was evaluated. Using the Morris water maze, the Y maze, and the passive avoidance paradigm, ECSL was found to have a substantial effect on the memory of scopolamine- induced amnesic rats. Our experimental data indicated that ECSL can reverse scopolamine induced amnesia and assist with memory issues.
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship Studies of 4-Methyl-2-(p-Substit...IJAEMSJORNAL
This research article reports the synthesis of a series of 4-methyl-2-(p-substitutedphenyl)quinoline derivatives which display potent antifungal activities. Moreover the potency of the synthesized compounds have been explored by means of Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship(QSAR) study carried out using regression analysis and statistically significant (r2) QSAR models. A number of descriptors were tested to adjudge a quantitative correlation between activity and structural features using training set and test set. It is evident from the QSAR study that majority of the antifungal activity is due to lipophilicity as well as cLogP influence on the biological activity. The results were interpreted on the basis of regression analysis. Since the developed QSAR models are found to be statistically significant and predictive, they can potentially be used for prediction of antifungal activities of new molecules before prioritization of their synthesis
NACSVMPred: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH FOR PREDICTION OF NAC PROTEINS IN RIC...cscpconf
NAC proteins are plant-specific transcriptional factors with diversified roles in various developmental processes and stress responses. Development of genome wide prediction tools for NAC proteins will substantially have an impact on rice gene annotation. NACSVMPred is an effort in this direction for computational genome-scale prediction of NAC proteins in rice by integrating compositional and evolutionary information of proteins. Support vector machine (SVM)-based modules were first developed using traditional amino acid, dipeptide (i+1), tripeptide (i+2), four-parts composition and PSSM and an overall accuracy of 79%, 93%, 93%,79% and 100% respectively was achieved. Further, two hybrid modules were developed based on amino acid, dipeptide and tripeptide composition, which achieved an overall accuracy of 83% and 79%. NACSVMPred was also evaluated with PSI-BLAST, which resulted in a lower accuracy of 50%. The different statistical analyses carried out revealed that the proposed algorithm is useful for rice genome annotation, specifically predicting NAC proteins.
QSAR Studies of the Inhibitory Activity of a Series of Substituted Indole and...inventionjournals
HF method, with the basis set 6-31G (d) was employed to calculate quantum some chemical descriptors of 37 substituted Indole. The best descriptors were selected to establish the quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) of the inhibitory activity against isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (Icmt), by principal components analysis (PCA), to a multiple regression analysis (MLR), to a nonlinear regression (RNLM) and to an artificial neural network (ANN). We accordingly propose a quantitative model and we interpret the activity of the compounds relying on the multivariate statistical analysis. This study shows that the MLR and have served to predict activity, but when compared with the results given by the ANN model. We concluded that the predictions achieved by this latter is more effective and much better than other models. The statistical results indicate that the model is statistically significant and shows very good stability towards data variation in the validation method. The contribution of each descriptor to the structure-activity relationship is evaluated.
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The protein sequence of insulin of zebra fish is obtained from UniProt. Due to lack of their structure, structure prediction is necessary, because the structure of protein plays an important role in their function. Our work is based on the production of two protein structure, from the same sequence, by computational approach and finally validates these generated structures. In this work two different widely acceptable online web tool are used for generating structure from the protein sequences of insulin of zebra fish. These are Swiss Model web server and ESyPred3D web server. After getting structure from this two web tool, the structures are passed by a series of quality tests. ProQ web software is used for checking quality of these generated structures. 3d-ss web tool is used for superimposition between two generated structures. It can compare between two structures. The Ramachandran plot is calculated by using VegaZZ software. CASTp (Computer Atlas of Surface Topology of protein) is a web tool, used to predict active sides with their respective volume and area. Finally ProFunc tool is used for analysis of two structures
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Sentiment analysis is a type of natural language processing for tracking the mood of the public about a particular product or a topic and is useful in several ways. Polarity shift is the most classical task which aims at classifying the reviews either positive or negative. But in many cases, in addition to the positive and negative reviews, there still many neutral reviews exist. However, the performance sometimes limited due to the fundamental deficiencies in handling the polarity shift problem. We propose an Improvised Dual Sentiment Analysis (IDSA) model to address this problem for sentiment classification. We first propose a novel data expansion technique by creating sentiment-reversed review for each training and test review. We develop a corpus based method to construct a pseudo-antonym dictionary. It removes DSA’s dependency on an external antonym dictionary for review reversion. We conduct a range of experiments and the results demonstrates the effectiveness of DSA in addressing the polarity shift in sentiment classification. .
A New Detection and Decoding Technique for (2×N_r ) MIMO Communication Systemsrahulmonikasharma
The requirements of fifth generation new radio (5G- NR) access networks are very high capacity and ultra-reliability. In this paper, we proposed a V-BLAST2 × N_r MIMO system that is analyzed, improved, and expected to achieve both very high throughput and ultra- reliability simultaneously.A new detection technique called parallel detection algorithm is proposed. The performance of the proposed algorithm compared with existing linear detection algorithms. It was seen that the proposed technique increases the speed of signal transmission and prevents error propagation which may be present in serial decoding techniques. The new algorithm reduces the bit error probability and increases the capacity simultaneouslywithout using a standard STC technique. However, it was seen that the BER of systems using the proposed algorithm is slightly higher than a similar system using only STC technique. Simulation results show the advantages of using the proposed technique.
Broadcasting Scenario under Different Protocols in MANET: A Surveyrahulmonikasharma
A wireless network enables people to communicate and access applications and information without wires. This provides freedom of movement and the ability to extend applications to different parts of a building, city, or nearly anywhere in the world. Wireless networks allow people to interact with e-mail or browse the Internet from a location that they prefer. Adhoc Networks are self-organizing wireless networks, absent any fixed infrastructure. broadcasting of data through proper channel is essential. Various protocols are designed to avoid the loss of data. In this paper an overview of different broadcast protocols are discussed.
Sybil Attack Analysis and Detection Techniques in MANETrahulmonikasharma
Security is important for many sensor network applications. A particularly harmful attack against sensor and ad hoc networks is known as the Sybil attack [6], where a node Illegitimately claims multiple identities.Mobility cause a main problem when we talk about security in Mobile Ad-hoc networks. It doesn’t depend on fixed architecture, the nodes are continuously moving in a random fashion. In this article we will focus on identifying the Sybil attack in MANET. It uses air medium for communication so it is more prone to the attack. Sybil attack is one in which single node present multiple fake identities to other nodes, which cause destruction.
A Landmark Based Shortest Path Detection by Using A* and Haversine Formularahulmonikasharma
In 1900, less than 20 percent of the world populace lived in cities, in 2007, fair more than 50 percent of the world populace lived in cities. In 2050, it has been anticipated that more than 70 percent of the worldwide population (about 6.4 billion individuals) will be city tenants. There's more weight being set on cities through this increment in population [1]. With approach of keen cities, data and communication technology is progressively transforming the way city regions and city inhabitants organize and work in reaction to urban development. In this paper, we create a nonspecific plot for navigating a route throughout city A asked route is given by utilizing combination of A* Algorithm and Haversine equation. Haversine Equation gives least distance between any two focuses on spherical body by utilizing latitude and longitude. This least distance is at that point given to A* calculation to calculate minimum distance. The method for identifying the shortest path is specify in this paper.
Processing Over Encrypted Query Data In Internet of Things (IoTs) : CryptDBs,...rahulmonikasharma
Internet of Things (IoT) is the developing technologies that would be the biggest agents to modify the current world. Machine-to-machine communications perform with virtual, mobile and instantaneous connections. In IoT system, it consists of data-gathering sensors various other household devices. Intended for protecting IoT system, the end-to-end secure communication is a necessary measure to protect against unauthorized entities (e.g., modification attacks and eavesdropping,) and the data unprotected on the Cloud. The most important concern hereby is how to preserve the insightful information and to provide the privacy of user data. In IoT, the encrypted data computing is based on techniques appear to be promising approaches. In this paper, we discuss about the recent secure database systems, which are capable to execute SQL queries over encrypted data.
Quality Determination and Grading of Tomatoes using Raspberry Pirahulmonikasharma
In India cultivation of tomatoes is carried out by traditional methods and techniques. Today tremendous improvement in field of agriculture technologies and products can be seen. The tomatoes affect the overall production drastically. Image processing technique can be key technique for finding good qualities of tomatoes and grading. This work aimed to study different types of algorithms used for quality grading and sorting of fruit from the acquire image. In previous years several types of techniques are applied to analyses the good quality fruits. A simple system can be implemented using Raspberry pi with computer vision technology and image processing algorithms.
Comparative of Delay Tolerant Network Routings and Scheduling using Max-Weigh...rahulmonikasharma
Network management and Routing is supportively done by performing with the nodes, due to infrastructure-less nature of the network in Ad hoc networks or MANET. The nodes are maintained itself from the functioning of the network, for that reason the MANET security challenges several defects. Routing process and Scheduling is a significant idea to enhance the security in MANET. Other than, scheduling has been recognized to be a key issue for implementing throughput/capacity optimization in Ad hoc networks. Designed underneath conventional (LT) light tailed assumptions, traffic fundamentally faces Heavy-tailed (HT) assumption of the validity of scheduling algorithms. Scheduling policies are utilized for communication networks such as Max-Weight, backpressure and ACO, which are provably throughput optimality and the Pareto frontier of the feasible throughput region under maximal throughput vector. In wireless ad-hoc network, the issue of routing and optimal scheduling performs with time varying channel reliability and multiple traffic streams. Depending upon the security issues within MANETs in this paper presents a comparative analysis of existing scheduling policies based on their performance to progress the delay performance in most scenarios. The security issues of MANETs considered from this paper presents a relative analysis of existing scheduling policies depend on their performance to progress the delay performance in most developments.
DC Conductivity Study of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticlesrahulmonikasharma
The dc conductivity of consolidated nanoparticle of CdS has been studied over the temperature range from 303 K to 523 K and the conductivity has been found to be much larger than that of single crystals.
A Survey on Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction Methods for LTE-OFDMrahulmonikasharma
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is generally preferred for high data rate transmission in digital communication. The Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standards for the fourth generation (4G) wireless communication systems. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) are the two multiple access techniques which are generally used in LTE.OFDM system has a major shortcoming of high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) value. This paper explains different PAPR reduction techniques and presents a comparison of the various techniques based on theoretical results. It also presents a survey of the various PAPR reduction techniques and the state of the art in this area.
IOT Based Home Appliance Control System, Location Tracking and Energy Monitoringrahulmonikasharma
Home automation has been a dream of sciences for so many years. It could wind up conceivable in twentieth century simply after power all family units and web administrations were begun being utilized on across the board level. The point of home robotization is to give enhanced accommodation, comfort, vitality effectiveness and security. Vitality checking and protection holds prime significance in this day and age in view of the irregularity between control age and request observing frameworks accessible in the market. Ordinarily, customers are disappointed with the power charge as it doesn't demonstrate the power devoured at the gadget level. This paper shows the outline and execution of a vitality meter utilizing Arduino microcontroller which can be utilized to gauge the power devoured by any individual electrical apparatus. The primary expectation of the proposed vitality meter is to screen the power utilization at the gadget level, transfer it to the server and build up remote control of any apparatus. So we can screen the power utilization remotely and close down gadgets if vital. The car segment is additionally one of the application spaces where vehicle can be made keen by utilizing "IOT". So a vehicle following framework is additionally executed to screen development of vehicles remotely.
Thermal Radiation and Viscous Dissipation Effects on an Oscillatory Heat and ...rahulmonikasharma
An anticipated outcome that is intended chapter is to investigate effects of magnetic field on an oscillatory flow of a viscoelastic fluid with thermal radiation, viscous dissipation with Ohmic heating which bounded by a vertical plane surface, have been studied. Analytical solutions for the quasi – linear hyperbolic partial differential equations are obtained by perturbation technique. Solutions for velocity and temperature distributions are discussed for various values of physical parameters involving in the problem. The effects of cooling and heating of a viscoelastic fluid compared to the Newtonian fluid have been discussed.
Advance Approach towards Key Feature Extraction Using Designed Filters on Dif...rahulmonikasharma
In fast growing database repository system, image as data is one of the important concern despite text or numeric. Still we can’t replace test on any cost but for advancement, information may be managed with images. Therefore image processing is a wide area for the researcher. Many stages of processing of image provide researchers with new ideas to keep information safe with better way. Feature extraction, segmentation, recognition are the key areas of the image processing which helps to enhance the quality of working with images. Paper presents the comparison between image formats like .jpg, .png, .bmp, .gif. This paper is focused on the feature extraction and segmentation stages with background removal process. There are two filters, one is integer filter and second one is floating point Filter, which is used for the key feature extraction from image. These filters applied on the different images of different formats and visually compare the results.
Alamouti-STBC based Channel Estimation Technique over MIMO OFDM Systemrahulmonikasharma
The examination on various looks into on MIMO STBC framework in order to accomplish the higher framework execution is standard that the execution of the remote correspondence frameworks can be improved by usage numerous transmit and get radio wires, that is normally gathered on the grounds that the MIMO procedure, and has been incorporated. The Alamouti STBC might be a promising because of notice the pick up inside the remote interchanges framework misuse MIMO. To broaden the code rate and furthermore the yield of the symmetrical zone time square code for more than 4 transmit reception apparatuses is examined. The outlined framework is beated once forced with M-PSK (i.e upto 32-PSK) regulation. The channel estimation examine in these conditions.
Empirical Mode Decomposition Based Signal Analysis of Gear Fault Diagnosisrahulmonikasharma
A vibration investigation is about the specialty of searching for changes in the vibration example, and after that relating those progressions back to the machines mechanical outline. The level of vibration and the example of the vibration reveal to us something about the interior state of the turning segment. The vibration example can let us know whether the machine is out of adjust or twisted. Al-so blames with the moving components and coupling issues can be distinguished. This paper shows an approach for equip blame investigation utilizing signal handling plans. The information has been taken from college of ohio, joined states. The investigation has done utilizing MATLAB software.
This paper discusses a new algorithm of a univariate method, which is vitally important to develop a short-term load forecasting module for planning and operation of distribution system. It has many applications including purchasing of energy, generation and infrastructure development etc. We have discussed different time series forecasting approaches in this paper. But ARIMA has proved itself as the most appropriate method in forecasting of the load profile for West Bengal using the historical data of the year of 2017. Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average model gives more accuracy level of load forecast than any other techniques. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) has been calculated for the mentioned forecasted model.
Impact of Coupling Coefficient on Coupled Line Couplerrahulmonikasharma
The coupled line coupler is a type of directional coupler which finds practical utility. It is mainly used for sampling the microwave power. In this paper, 3 couplers A,B & C are designed with different values of coupling coefficient 6dB,10dB & 18dB respectively at a frequency of 2.5GHz using ADS tool. The return loss, isolation loss & transmission loss are determined. The design & simulation is done using microstrip line technology.
Design Evaluation and Temperature Rise Test of Flameproof Induction Motorrahulmonikasharma
The ignition of flammable gases, vapours or dust in presence of oxygen contained in the surrounding atmosphere may lead to explosion. Flameproof three phase induction motors are the most common and frequently used in the process industries such as oil refineries, oil rigs, petrochemicals, fertilizers, etc. The design of flameproof motor is such that it allows and sustain explosion within the enclosure caused by ignition of hazardous gases without transmitting it to the external flammable atmosphere. The enclosure is mechanically strong enough to withstand the explosion pressure developed inside it. To prevent an explosion due to hot spot on the surface of the motor, flameproof induction motors are subjected to heat run test to determine the maximum surface temperature and temperature class with respect to the ignition temperature of the surrounding flammable gas atmosphere. This paper highlights the design features of flameproof motors and their surface temperature classification for different sizes.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
A Framework for Improving the Performance of MANET by Controlling Data Traffic using Proposed Mechanism
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In Silico Molecular Insights on the Structure-Function Aspects of ACC
Deaminase of a Non-Pathogenic Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Krishnendu Pramanik1
, Pallab Kumar Ghosh2
, Tushar Kanti Maiti1
*
1
Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan-713104,
West Bengal, India
2
Department of Marine Science, Calcutta University, Ballygunge Science College, 35 B.C Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal,
India
*Corresponding author: email: tkmbu@yahoo.co.in
Abstract—Bacterial 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) is known to involve in breaking down the 1-
aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), immediate precursor of ethylene, into a-ketobutyrate and ammonia. This is required when stress
(biotic or abiotic) induced ethylene content is accelerated in plant cells resulting in reduction in plant biomass and yield. Klebsiellapneumoniae,
although previously considered only as a pathogenic bacteria, there are some strains reported till date to prove it as a plant growth promoting
bacteria (PGPB). ACCD activity has reported from the said strain but the present study is emphasized on its molecular proteomic structures and
functions studied in silico. The present work revealed that the ACCD of K. pneumoniae is a 36.5 kDatetrameric stable protein found in
intracellular condition. The phylogenetic analysis clearly depicts its similarity with several other ACCD reported from different bacterial genera.
The structure-function insight would definitely help future researchers in designing wet lab as well as dry lab experiments.
Keywords-Klebsiella pneumoniae; non-pathogenic; PGPR, in silico; protein modeling.
__________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
ACC deaminase(EC3.5.99.7)is a microbial hydrolase family
enzyme found both in fungi and bacteria [1]. On the other hand,
ACC is the precursor of plant hormone ethylene found in plant
cells, isolated from Pseudomonas sp. strain ACP [2]. Ethylene
is a plant hormone essential for plant growth, fruit ripening;
however excess ethylene has deleterious effect of root and soot
development. The ACC deaminase producing rhizobacteria
split the ACC into alpha ketobutyrate and ammonia using as
carbon or nitrogen source, eventually reduce the level of ACC
and ethylene [3]. Thus rhizobacteria are bound to root or seed
and act as a sink for ACC and reduced the levels of ethylene.
So ACC deaminase producing PGPR promote plant growth
particularly under stress conditions by the regulation of
accelerated ethylene production in response to various stress.
Thus ACC deaminase enzyme or protein (ACCD) has
importance in agriculture particularly in stress condition. There
are very few report of the in silico characterization of this
protein found in rhizobacteria [4]. The present study describes
in silico analysis of molecular proteomic structure of the
ACCD protein isolated from Klebsiellapneumoniae. Attempts
were also made the computational analysis of this protein to
know the structural and functional insight essential for both dry
and wet laboratory experiments.
II. MATERIAL AND METHODS
a. Retrieval and selection of reference sequence
Protein and corresponding gene sequence of
Klebsiellapneumoniae was retrieved from NCBI
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) database in FASTA format.
This sequence was used for further computational investigation
including the molecular modeling.
b. Construction of phylogenetic tree of similar sequences
BLAST search was performed by using NCBI-BLAST to find
the similar protein sequences with selected protein and
phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA7 [5] software
to find the evolutionary distances among the proteins. Whole
genome sequences were omitted and partial sequences were
selected from the search result.
c. Primary sequence analysis
Primary sequence analysis included the physicochemical
characteristics of the K. pneumoniae protein (AEQ29825.1).
ExpasyProtParam tool [6] was used to determine the molecular
weight and amino acid composition.
d. Secondary structure prediction
Prediction of secondary structure (which involved the
estimation of number of helices, sheets, turns, and coils in the
amino acid sequence) was done from CFSSP: Chou and
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Fasman secondary structure prediction server
(www.biogem.org/tool/choufasman) [7-8].
e. Tertiary homology protein modeling and evaluation
SWISS-MODEL (ProMod3 version 1.0.2) workspace [9] was
used for determining the homology protein model of
AEQ29825.1. Evaluation of built model was done in SAVES
server (http://services.mbi.ucla.edu/SAVES/). Ramachandran
plot was constructed in RAMPAGE
(http://morded.bioc.cam.ac.uk/~rapper/rampage.php) using the
pdb file. The energetically allowed regions for backbone
dihedral angles ϕ against ѱ amino acid residues was visualized
in the Ramachandran plot.
f. Functional analysis
Functionally interacting proteins of AEQ29825.1 were
predicted by STRING server (http://string.db.org). The motif
search tool (http://www.genome.jp/tools/motif/) was used to
identify functional motifs in the AEQ29825.1 protein sequence.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
a. Retrieval and selection of reference sequence
In silico study of ACC deaminase protein of
Klebsiellapneumoniae has not been previously studied unless
in very preliminary form, that’s why the present work was
undertaken. But, similar computational investigation was done
in other bacterial genera. Pramanik et al [4] worked on
Mesorhizobium ACC deaminase giving a detailed structural
and functional insight on the protein.
b. Construction of phylogenetic tree of similar sequences
Phylogenetic studies (Fig. 1) with similar protein sequences
revealed that ACCD of K. pneumoniae (AEQ29825.1)
clustered with ACCD of different bacterial species which
includes Serratiarubidaea (AEQ29824.1), Bacillus cereus
(AEQ29826.1), Klebsiellaoxytoca (ACJ12921.1),
Pseudomonas entomophila (ACQ55296.1), Pseudomonas
putida (ABJ91236.1) and Pseudomonas fluorescens
(ACJ69586.1). Among this, closest clustering was observed
with AEQ29825.1, AEQ29826.1 and ACJ12921.1. Similar
phylogenetic assessment with protein sequences was observed
in the works of Verma et al [10], Pramanik et al [4, 11-13].
Figure 1.Phylogenetic tree of different ACCD of different species.
c. Primary sequence analysis
Primary sequence analysis revealed a set of physicochemical
characteristics of the protein of interest. The protein consisted
of 335 amino acid residues having molecular weight ~36.51
kDa. The Glycine was found highest in content in terms of
percentage of the total amino acids (Fig. 2). Physicochemical
characterization is important in terms of knowing the nature of
protein [4].
Figure 2.Amino acid composition of selected protein AEQ29825.1.
d. Secondary structure prediction
Prediction of secondary structure (Fig. 3) showed that the
proteins has secondary elements of alpha helix 62.7%, sheets
34.3% and turns 13.4%. The high content of alpha helices
indicated the stable nature of the protein [4, 10].
e. Tertiary homology protein modeling and evaluation
After target-template alignment (Fig. 4), homology protein
model was built (Fig. 5) using the best match template
(1tzm.1.A) obtained from SWISS sever. The built model
clearly showed that the protein actually consisted of four
polypeptide chains. Ramchandran plot (Fig. 6, 7) revealed that
96.6% residues resided in favored region, 2.9% in allowed
region and rests (0.5%) were in outlier region. A good quality
model is expected to have more than 90% in the favored region
[4]. Moreover, the overall quality factor for the pdb model was
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97.007% for each chain as found from SAVES server. It
implied the characteristics of a good quality as well as a high
resolution model.
Figure 3.Secondary structure of AEQ29825.1 protein.
Figure 4.Target-template alignment of AEQ29825.1 with 1tzm.1.A
proteins.
f. Functional analysis
STRING analysis (Fig. 8, 9) detected a list of ten functionally
interacting protein partners with AEQ29825.1 (written as
“dcyD” in the center of the STRING network). These proteins
were yecS, yecC, sseA, metC, KPN_02418, ynjE, malY,
KPN_04233, KPN_03410 and yfbQ. Besides, two functional
motifs were found from motif search (Fig. 10) which includes
PALP-pyridoxal-phosphate dependant enzyme (PF00291) and
Sin_N- Sin-like protein conserved region (PF4801).
IV. CONCLUSION
The present study encompasses the in silico detailed
investigation on the important ACC deaminase enzyme of
Klebsiellapneumoniae, a PGPR. From this study it was
revealed that ACC deaminase of K. pneumoniae is a 36.5
kDatetrameric stable protein found intracellularly within the
said bacterial species. The constructed phylogenetic tree
exposed its similarity with some of the other ACCD of
different bacterial species. Morever, this study is first to work
out the “in detailed”, in silico approach of
Klebsiellapneumoniae ACC deaminase. For future laboratory
experiments and to design primers specific for the
amplification of the cDNA of the particular protein, this study
might be very helpful to the researchers.
Figure 5.Built tertiary protein model for the selected protein
AEQ29825.1.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are gratefully acknowledged to Department of
Science and Technology, New Delhi, Government of India for
financial supports to K. Pramanik (1st author) as DST-
INSPIRE Research fellow (Reg. No. IF150197) and P.K.Ghosh
(2nd author) as National Post-Doctoral Fellow (DST, SERB)
(Reg. No. NPDF/2016/00323 dt.05.07.16).
Figure 6.Ramachandran plot for the selected protein AEQ29825.1.
Evaluation of residues
Figure 7.Amino acid residues of Ramachandran plot.
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Figure 8.STRING network showing functional interacting protein
partners with the selected proteinAEQ29825.1.
Figure 9.List of proteins interacting with the selected
proteinAEQ29825.1.
Figure 70.Motif search result showing functional motifs for the
selected protein AEQ29825.1.
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