A descriptive research analysis
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•516 views
This study analyzed and compared the apology strategies used by 15 Iranian EFL and 15 Malaysian ESL university students of similar language proficiency. The author used established coding systems to analyze how frequently different apology strategies were used in identical situations. The findings showed similarities and differences in the strategies used between the two groups. The research aims to provide a descriptive account of apology strategies to help teachers, students, and those interested in language pragmatics.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Dedi sulistio presentation,
This document discusses a study on the effect of schema theory on reading comprehension of fourth semester students in the English Language Education study program at Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu. It provides background information on reading as an interactive mental process and introduces schema theory and its relationship to reading comprehension. The study aims to determine if there is a significant difference in reading post-test scores between students who were taught using schema theory and those who were not. It will use a quasi-experimental design and involve pre- and post-tests. The results are expected to provide insights into teaching techniques that can improve student reading motivation and comprehension skills.
Best and effective strategis for IELTS Preparatiuon
This study investigated the relationship between Iranian test-takers' use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies and their performance on the reading section of the IELTS exam. 60 Iranian EFL learners completed a sample IELTS reading test and a questionnaire about their cognitive and metacognitive strategy use while taking the test. The results showed a strong positive correlation between strategy use and reading test performance. No significant differences were found in strategy use between male and female test-takers. The findings suggest cognitive and metacognitive strategies are important for performance on the IELTS reading section.
Colloquium1a
The document summarizes a study on improving Indonesian EFL students' reading and writing skills through direct instruction of cognitive and metacognitive strategies. It begins with background on literacy rates and education levels in Indonesia. It then discusses issues with students' current approach to reading and writing in English. The study aims to investigate the effects of explicit strategy instruction on students' reading, writing, and ability to integrate information from reading to writing. A quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests will be used to compare outcomes between a control group and an experimental group receiving strategy instruction. Limitations are addressed and data collection and analysis methods involving questionnaires, tests, interviews and checklists are outlined.
The effectiveness of evaluation style in improving lingual knowledge for ajlo...
1. The study aimed to investigate how evaluation style can improve linguistic knowledge for female students at Ajloun College.
2. The sample consisted of 45 students divided into 3 groups: one evaluated by the teacher, one evaluated by classmates, and one self-evaluated.
3. The results showed statistically significant differences between the groups, with the group evaluated by classmates performing best, followed by the self-evaluated group, suggesting evaluation style can impact linguistic knowledge.
Summary on LANGUAGE TESTING & ASSESSMENT (Part I) Alderson & Banerjee
Summary on article by Ch. Alderson & J.Banerjee regarding Language Testing & Assessment. Diferent types of language testing, authors, hypothesis, conclusions and expectations. Ethics, politics and standards impact on language testing.
Tsl 3123 Language Assessment Module ppg
The document discusses the historical development of language assessment in Malaysia and changing trends. It describes 4 stages of development: pre-Independence, post-Razak Report, post-RahmanTalib Report, post-Cabinet Report, and current reforms under the Malaysia Education Blueprint. Key changes include establishing a common exam system, introducing school-based assessment, and shifting the focus to higher-order thinking skills. Contributing factors to changing trends include education reforms, recommendations from government reports, and poor performance on international assessments. The role of assessment in education is increasingly seen as integrated with instruction rather than just auditing learning.
The exploring nature of methodology in the current studies of language learni...
The exploring nature of methodology in the current studies of language learni...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
There is not a method abandoned as what it might be called a baby-and-bathwater type reaction. Still all the methods have failed to deliver quit the hoped-for miracles. In this way, methodology alone can never be a solution to find what is searching. Rather it is an aid and suggestion. In addition, in the case of methodology, it is true that we are moving in risky area. Research on the related literature of Language Learning Strategies (LLSs) shows that LLSs has a history of only thirty years that is much sporadic (Chamot, 2005a). Recently such strategies have been the focus of specific research (Oxford, 1990), and much of the research was descriptive. The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning(SILL) of Rebecca L. Oxford which is a kind of self-report questionnaire, as an important instrument to measure LLSs, has been used extensively by researchers in many countries, its reliability has been checked in multiple ways, and has been reported as high validity, reliability, and utility(Oxford, 1996a). In the current study, the investigator aims to explore nature of methodology and the use of SILL in the studies of LLSs.Assessment
The document discusses alternative forms of assessment compared to traditional assessment methods. It provides examples of alternative assessment such as portfolio assessment, protocol analysis, learning logs, journal entries, and dialogue journals. These alternative assessments focus on evaluating students' real-life language abilities through open-ended, process-oriented methods rather than isolated skills and standardized testing. The document also addresses issues of reliability, validity and objectivity for alternative assessments.
Recommended
Dedi sulistio presentation,
This document discusses a study on the effect of schema theory on reading comprehension of fourth semester students in the English Language Education study program at Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu. It provides background information on reading as an interactive mental process and introduces schema theory and its relationship to reading comprehension. The study aims to determine if there is a significant difference in reading post-test scores between students who were taught using schema theory and those who were not. It will use a quasi-experimental design and involve pre- and post-tests. The results are expected to provide insights into teaching techniques that can improve student reading motivation and comprehension skills.
Best and effective strategis for IELTS Preparatiuon
This study investigated the relationship between Iranian test-takers' use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies and their performance on the reading section of the IELTS exam. 60 Iranian EFL learners completed a sample IELTS reading test and a questionnaire about their cognitive and metacognitive strategy use while taking the test. The results showed a strong positive correlation between strategy use and reading test performance. No significant differences were found in strategy use between male and female test-takers. The findings suggest cognitive and metacognitive strategies are important for performance on the IELTS reading section.
Colloquium1a
The document summarizes a study on improving Indonesian EFL students' reading and writing skills through direct instruction of cognitive and metacognitive strategies. It begins with background on literacy rates and education levels in Indonesia. It then discusses issues with students' current approach to reading and writing in English. The study aims to investigate the effects of explicit strategy instruction on students' reading, writing, and ability to integrate information from reading to writing. A quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests will be used to compare outcomes between a control group and an experimental group receiving strategy instruction. Limitations are addressed and data collection and analysis methods involving questionnaires, tests, interviews and checklists are outlined.
The effectiveness of evaluation style in improving lingual knowledge for ajlo...
1. The study aimed to investigate how evaluation style can improve linguistic knowledge for female students at Ajloun College.
2. The sample consisted of 45 students divided into 3 groups: one evaluated by the teacher, one evaluated by classmates, and one self-evaluated.
3. The results showed statistically significant differences between the groups, with the group evaluated by classmates performing best, followed by the self-evaluated group, suggesting evaluation style can impact linguistic knowledge.
Summary on LANGUAGE TESTING & ASSESSMENT (Part I) Alderson & Banerjee
Summary on article by Ch. Alderson & J.Banerjee regarding Language Testing & Assessment. Diferent types of language testing, authors, hypothesis, conclusions and expectations. Ethics, politics and standards impact on language testing.
Tsl 3123 Language Assessment Module ppg
The document discusses the historical development of language assessment in Malaysia and changing trends. It describes 4 stages of development: pre-Independence, post-Razak Report, post-RahmanTalib Report, post-Cabinet Report, and current reforms under the Malaysia Education Blueprint. Key changes include establishing a common exam system, introducing school-based assessment, and shifting the focus to higher-order thinking skills. Contributing factors to changing trends include education reforms, recommendations from government reports, and poor performance on international assessments. The role of assessment in education is increasingly seen as integrated with instruction rather than just auditing learning.
The exploring nature of methodology in the current studies of language learni...
The exploring nature of methodology in the current studies of language learni...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
There is not a method abandoned as what it might be called a baby-and-bathwater type reaction. Still all the methods have failed to deliver quit the hoped-for miracles. In this way, methodology alone can never be a solution to find what is searching. Rather it is an aid and suggestion. In addition, in the case of methodology, it is true that we are moving in risky area. Research on the related literature of Language Learning Strategies (LLSs) shows that LLSs has a history of only thirty years that is much sporadic (Chamot, 2005a). Recently such strategies have been the focus of specific research (Oxford, 1990), and much of the research was descriptive. The Strategy Inventory for Language Learning(SILL) of Rebecca L. Oxford which is a kind of self-report questionnaire, as an important instrument to measure LLSs, has been used extensively by researchers in many countries, its reliability has been checked in multiple ways, and has been reported as high validity, reliability, and utility(Oxford, 1996a). In the current study, the investigator aims to explore nature of methodology and the use of SILL in the studies of LLSs.Assessment
The document discusses alternative forms of assessment compared to traditional assessment methods. It provides examples of alternative assessment such as portfolio assessment, protocol analysis, learning logs, journal entries, and dialogue journals. These alternative assessments focus on evaluating students' real-life language abilities through open-ended, process-oriented methods rather than isolated skills and standardized testing. The document also addresses issues of reliability, validity and objectivity for alternative assessments.
Powerpoint untuk seminar oja
- The document discusses using contextual teaching and learning (CTL) to improve students' descriptive writing abilities.
- It presents the problem of students lacking vocabulary, organization, and motivation in writing. The study aims to determine if CTL enhances descriptive writing.
- An experiment was conducted using pre- and post-tests with 27 students. Data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t-score to compare pre- and post-test results and evaluate if CTL improved writing ability.
Research Plan
This research plan aims to study the effectiveness of teacher written corrective feedback on student writing accuracy based on their English proficiency levels. The study will use a 3 x 3 factorial design to investigate the impact of three different types of feedback (direct, indirect, and metalinguistic) on three levels of students (low, intermediate, high) based on pre-test TOEFL scores. Fourth semester students majoring in English education will be the population sample. Students will complete a pre-test TOEFL, process writing assignments with one of the three feedback types, and a post-test TOEFL. Writing accuracy errors will be analyzed using descriptive statistics, checking statistical assumptions, and inferential or nonparametric tests to
Formative assessment
The document discusses formative assessment. It defines formative assessment as collecting evidence of students' thinking and learning to modify teaching to better meet students' needs. Feedback is identified as an essential tool for improving performance. Formative assessment consists of formal and informal diagnostic testing conducted throughout learning to modify teaching and activities to improve student attainment. The document outlines five key strategies for formative assessment and states the purpose is to provide feedback during learning to identify and close gaps between current and desired performance.
Research article main components
This study examined the impact of pre-reading and during-reading questions on vocabulary learning and retention in EFL classes. 88 intermediate English students were divided into two groups - one received texts with pre-reading questions and the other with inserted questions. Both groups read passages and completed vocabulary tests after each session for 5 sessions. After 2 weeks, a final vocabulary test was administered to measure retention. Results showed that the group with inserted questions performed better on vocabulary tests after each session and on the final retention test, rejecting the hypotheses that question type would not impact learning or retention. The findings suggest that during-reading questions lead to greater vocabulary gains and retention than pre-reading questions.
Critical evaluation of a master’s thesis
This thesis evaluated the relationship between teachers' knowledge of reading strategies, students' reasoning skills, and student performance in English. It investigated teachers' reading strategy knowledge, students' reasoning abilities in interpretation, deliberation and expression, and student English test scores. The thesis hypothesized no significant relationships between 1) teachers' reading knowledge and student reasoning, 2) student reasoning and English performance, and 3) teachers' reading knowledge and English performance. A questionnaire and English test were administered to teachers and students, and regression analysis was conducted. The analysis found no significant relationships between teachers' reading knowledge and student reasoning or English performance. It found a significant relationship between student interpretation skills and English performance, but not for deliberation and expression.
Sanders shauna annotated_bibliography
This document provides summaries of different research study designs by briefly describing examples of each design type. The designs included are: experimental, correlational, survey, grounded theory, ethnographic, narrative research, mixed methods, and action research. For each example a few key details are given such as the research topic, methodology used, and findings or purpose of the study to illustrate how it fits the particular design classification.
Research.proposal.presentation2
This research proposal aims to study the effects of three different English reading instruction methods (Sustained Silent Reading, Shared Reading, and General Reading Instruction) on the English language acquisition of Thai students in grades 1-3, as measured by standardized tests. 420 students across three grades and three treatment groups will be pre-tested and tested at regular intervals over one year. The researcher hypothesizes that Sustained Silent Reading and Shared Reading will lead to greater improvements in English proficiency than General Reading Instruction, based on prior studies. Precise methodology and procedures are outlined to train teachers, administer treatments, and analyze results.
Introduction to language testing (wed, 23 sept 2014)
A Brief History on the Approaches to
Language Testing
In the 1950s, an era of behaviorism and special
attention to constrastive analysis, testing focused on
specific language elements such as the phonological,
grammatical, and lexical contrasts between two
languages.
Between the 1970s and 1980s, communicative theories
of language brought with them a more integrative view of
testing in which specialists claimed that the whole of
communicative event was considerably greater than the
sum of its linguistic element (Clark, 1983; Brown, 2004: 8)
Definition of Language Testing
According to Oller (1979, 1-2), a language testing is a
device that tries to assess how much has been learned
in a foreign language course, or some part of a course
by learners.
According to Brown (2004: 3), a language testing is a
method of measuring a person’s ability, knowledge, or
performance in a given domain.
The impact analysis of psychological reliability of population pilot study fo...
The impact analysis of psychological reliability of population pilot study fo...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The purpose of research described in the current study is the psychological reliability, its’ importance, application, and more to investigate on the impact analysis of psychological reliability of population pilot study for selection of particular reliable multi-choice item test in foreign language research workAcademic Assessment 8
This document discusses different types of academic assessments used to evaluate students, including ability tests, achievement tests, norm-referenced tests, and curriculum-based assessments. It provides details on two specific achievement tests: the WIAT-III and Woodcock-Johnson III Test of Achievement. These tests measure academic skills in areas like reading, math, writing, and oral language. The document stresses the importance of selecting the appropriate assessment based on the purpose of testing and a student's individual needs to inform instruction and interventions.
Comparative study of the pakistani and indonesian student’s anxiety towards t...
This study compared the levels of anxiety toward English language learning between postgraduate students in Pakistan and Indonesia. A sample of 340 students (170 from each country) completed the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale. The results showed that both Pakistani and Indonesian students experienced anxiety related to English language learning. Specifically, male students and Indonesian students reported significantly lower anxiety levels than female students and Pakistani students respectively. The study concluded that collective efforts from teachers and students could help reduce English language learning anxiety.
Comparative study of the pakistani and indonesian student’s
This study compared the levels of anxiety toward English language learning between postgraduate students in Pakistan and Indonesia. A survey was administered to 340 students total, with 170 students from each country. The survey found that both Pakistani and Indonesian students experience anxiety related to English language learning. Male students and Indonesian students reported significantly lower anxiety levels than female students and Pakistani students respectively. The study suggests collective efforts from teachers and students could help reduce language learning anxiety.
Pilot Study for Validity and Reliability of an Aptitude Test
The study was conducted in the department of the English University of Gujrat during Spring- 2012 semester. A question
paper was designed to check the aptitude of the intermediate students of population 25. There were three sections; Grammar, vocabulary and reading comprehension, in the question paper. Section: A (Grammar) was proved valid with 84.33 % of validity. The validity of Section: B (vocabulary) and Section C (reading comprehension) were 91.64 % and 52.00 respectively. As a whole, the validity of all the questions was 75.99 %. Thus, the designed aptitude test may be considered reliable.
Which method, isolated or integrated, of teaching vocabulary is more effectiv...
This study examined the effectiveness of isolated versus integrated vocabulary instruction methods with 28 adult English language learners. Participants completed isolated and integrated reading tasks with vocabulary questions, as well as a delayed post-test. Results showed students scored similarly high on both initial tasks, averaging 86% on isolated and 85% on integrated. On the delayed post-test, students averaged 71% on multiple choice and 79% on short answer questions. While most students preferred integrated methods, performance did not significantly differ between approaches. The study concluded that both isolated and integrated instruction can effectively increase vocabulary learning for adult ELLs.
L2 assessment
The document discusses issues with language assessment tests and more constructive ways of testing. Some key points:
- Tests were previously misused as punishment or the only grading measure without reflecting what was taught.
- A more constructive approach sees testing as teacher-student interaction, judges students on their knowledge, aims to improve skills, and has clear criteria.
- The summary highlights some of the constructive principles discussed in the document for better language assessment.
Online assignment
This document provides an overview and summary of various competitive and placement tests used for college admissions and teaching positions. It discusses the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), the Teaching Knowledge Test (TKT), the National Eligibility Test (NET), and the State Eligibility Test (SET). For each test, it provides brief details on what the test measures, how it is structured, and which academic programs or jobs it is required for. The conclusion emphasizes that the purpose of placement tests is to properly assess students' levels and place them in appropriate classes, not to rank students against each other.
Dual language streams teaching in pharmaceutical education: evidence of compa...
Dual language streams teaching in pharmaceutical education: evidence of compa...HK Metropolitan University
Poster Presented at International Conference on Language Issues in English-medium Universities: a global concern, HKU, HK, June 18-20, 2008Language Testing Evaluation
This document discusses language testing and evaluation. It defines formative and summative evaluation, with formative used to provide feedback during instruction and summative used to assess learning after instruction. Examples of evaluation include textbook, materials, course, and instructional evaluations. The purpose of evaluation is to improve teaching and learning, assess student progress, and identify weaknesses. Evaluation methods can be norm-referenced, comparing students, or criterion-referenced, assessing specific skills. Testing can directly assess skills or indirectly measure underlying abilities. Objective testing uses multiple choice while subjective uses human judgment. Proper testing is crucial for the teaching-learning process and provides feedback to improve curriculum and instruction.
The relationship between Language testing & SLA
there is the study of contributions which these two descipline could have about each other in implementation of rules & theories and in the relm of research they can help each other
A comparison between elt and ell graduates with regard to their perceptions o...
This document reports on a study that compared the perceptions of effective teacher behaviors between graduates from two English teacher preparation programs in Turkey: the English Language and Literature (ELL) department and the English Language Teaching (ELT) department. The study administered a questionnaire to ELL and ELT pre-service teachers and conducted independent samples t-tests to analyze differences between the groups. Interviews were also conducted with select participants. The results found no significant differences between the groups' perceptions of most categories, except for error correction, where perceptions differed significantly.
A Genre-Based Investigation Of Discussion Sections Of English And Persian Den...
This document contains abstracts from presentations given at the National Interdisciplinary Conference on Current Issues of English Language Teaching and Learning in March 2015. The abstracts discuss various topics related to English language teaching and learning, including:
1) A study investigating the relationship between brain dominance, English proficiency level, and use of speaking and listening strategies among Iranian EFL learners.
2) A study examining the effect of technology confidence, computer accessibility, and other factors on Iranian EFL teachers' attitudes toward computer-assisted language learning.
3) The development of an Economics Academic Word List based on an analysis of economics dissertations.
Annotated biblography
This annotated bibliography summarizes 10 sources related to reading strategies and comprehension. The sources discuss various strategies like mind mapping, comprehension, metacognitive strategies, and extensive reading and their impact on reading proficiency. Several studies found that reading strategies help improve reading ability, while others identified specific strategies commonly used by students or gaps in teachers' reading instruction. The sources cover topics like strategy use by Iranian, Pakistani, Chinese students and perceptions of Pakistani English teachers.
More Related Content
What's hot
Powerpoint untuk seminar oja
- The document discusses using contextual teaching and learning (CTL) to improve students' descriptive writing abilities.
- It presents the problem of students lacking vocabulary, organization, and motivation in writing. The study aims to determine if CTL enhances descriptive writing.
- An experiment was conducted using pre- and post-tests with 27 students. Data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t-score to compare pre- and post-test results and evaluate if CTL improved writing ability.
Research Plan
This research plan aims to study the effectiveness of teacher written corrective feedback on student writing accuracy based on their English proficiency levels. The study will use a 3 x 3 factorial design to investigate the impact of three different types of feedback (direct, indirect, and metalinguistic) on three levels of students (low, intermediate, high) based on pre-test TOEFL scores. Fourth semester students majoring in English education will be the population sample. Students will complete a pre-test TOEFL, process writing assignments with one of the three feedback types, and a post-test TOEFL. Writing accuracy errors will be analyzed using descriptive statistics, checking statistical assumptions, and inferential or nonparametric tests to
Formative assessment
The document discusses formative assessment. It defines formative assessment as collecting evidence of students' thinking and learning to modify teaching to better meet students' needs. Feedback is identified as an essential tool for improving performance. Formative assessment consists of formal and informal diagnostic testing conducted throughout learning to modify teaching and activities to improve student attainment. The document outlines five key strategies for formative assessment and states the purpose is to provide feedback during learning to identify and close gaps between current and desired performance.
Research article main components
This study examined the impact of pre-reading and during-reading questions on vocabulary learning and retention in EFL classes. 88 intermediate English students were divided into two groups - one received texts with pre-reading questions and the other with inserted questions. Both groups read passages and completed vocabulary tests after each session for 5 sessions. After 2 weeks, a final vocabulary test was administered to measure retention. Results showed that the group with inserted questions performed better on vocabulary tests after each session and on the final retention test, rejecting the hypotheses that question type would not impact learning or retention. The findings suggest that during-reading questions lead to greater vocabulary gains and retention than pre-reading questions.
Critical evaluation of a master’s thesis
This thesis evaluated the relationship between teachers' knowledge of reading strategies, students' reasoning skills, and student performance in English. It investigated teachers' reading strategy knowledge, students' reasoning abilities in interpretation, deliberation and expression, and student English test scores. The thesis hypothesized no significant relationships between 1) teachers' reading knowledge and student reasoning, 2) student reasoning and English performance, and 3) teachers' reading knowledge and English performance. A questionnaire and English test were administered to teachers and students, and regression analysis was conducted. The analysis found no significant relationships between teachers' reading knowledge and student reasoning or English performance. It found a significant relationship between student interpretation skills and English performance, but not for deliberation and expression.
Sanders shauna annotated_bibliography
This document provides summaries of different research study designs by briefly describing examples of each design type. The designs included are: experimental, correlational, survey, grounded theory, ethnographic, narrative research, mixed methods, and action research. For each example a few key details are given such as the research topic, methodology used, and findings or purpose of the study to illustrate how it fits the particular design classification.
Research.proposal.presentation2
This research proposal aims to study the effects of three different English reading instruction methods (Sustained Silent Reading, Shared Reading, and General Reading Instruction) on the English language acquisition of Thai students in grades 1-3, as measured by standardized tests. 420 students across three grades and three treatment groups will be pre-tested and tested at regular intervals over one year. The researcher hypothesizes that Sustained Silent Reading and Shared Reading will lead to greater improvements in English proficiency than General Reading Instruction, based on prior studies. Precise methodology and procedures are outlined to train teachers, administer treatments, and analyze results.
Introduction to language testing (wed, 23 sept 2014)
A Brief History on the Approaches to
Language Testing
In the 1950s, an era of behaviorism and special
attention to constrastive analysis, testing focused on
specific language elements such as the phonological,
grammatical, and lexical contrasts between two
languages.
Between the 1970s and 1980s, communicative theories
of language brought with them a more integrative view of
testing in which specialists claimed that the whole of
communicative event was considerably greater than the
sum of its linguistic element (Clark, 1983; Brown, 2004: 8)
Definition of Language Testing
According to Oller (1979, 1-2), a language testing is a
device that tries to assess how much has been learned
in a foreign language course, or some part of a course
by learners.
According to Brown (2004: 3), a language testing is a
method of measuring a person’s ability, knowledge, or
performance in a given domain.
The impact analysis of psychological reliability of population pilot study fo...
The impact analysis of psychological reliability of population pilot study fo...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The purpose of research described in the current study is the psychological reliability, its’ importance, application, and more to investigate on the impact analysis of psychological reliability of population pilot study for selection of particular reliable multi-choice item test in foreign language research workAcademic Assessment 8
This document discusses different types of academic assessments used to evaluate students, including ability tests, achievement tests, norm-referenced tests, and curriculum-based assessments. It provides details on two specific achievement tests: the WIAT-III and Woodcock-Johnson III Test of Achievement. These tests measure academic skills in areas like reading, math, writing, and oral language. The document stresses the importance of selecting the appropriate assessment based on the purpose of testing and a student's individual needs to inform instruction and interventions.
Comparative study of the pakistani and indonesian student’s anxiety towards t...
This study compared the levels of anxiety toward English language learning between postgraduate students in Pakistan and Indonesia. A sample of 340 students (170 from each country) completed the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale. The results showed that both Pakistani and Indonesian students experienced anxiety related to English language learning. Specifically, male students and Indonesian students reported significantly lower anxiety levels than female students and Pakistani students respectively. The study concluded that collective efforts from teachers and students could help reduce English language learning anxiety.
Comparative study of the pakistani and indonesian student’s
This study compared the levels of anxiety toward English language learning between postgraduate students in Pakistan and Indonesia. A survey was administered to 340 students total, with 170 students from each country. The survey found that both Pakistani and Indonesian students experience anxiety related to English language learning. Male students and Indonesian students reported significantly lower anxiety levels than female students and Pakistani students respectively. The study suggests collective efforts from teachers and students could help reduce language learning anxiety.
Pilot Study for Validity and Reliability of an Aptitude Test
The study was conducted in the department of the English University of Gujrat during Spring- 2012 semester. A question
paper was designed to check the aptitude of the intermediate students of population 25. There were three sections; Grammar, vocabulary and reading comprehension, in the question paper. Section: A (Grammar) was proved valid with 84.33 % of validity. The validity of Section: B (vocabulary) and Section C (reading comprehension) were 91.64 % and 52.00 respectively. As a whole, the validity of all the questions was 75.99 %. Thus, the designed aptitude test may be considered reliable.
Which method, isolated or integrated, of teaching vocabulary is more effectiv...
This study examined the effectiveness of isolated versus integrated vocabulary instruction methods with 28 adult English language learners. Participants completed isolated and integrated reading tasks with vocabulary questions, as well as a delayed post-test. Results showed students scored similarly high on both initial tasks, averaging 86% on isolated and 85% on integrated. On the delayed post-test, students averaged 71% on multiple choice and 79% on short answer questions. While most students preferred integrated methods, performance did not significantly differ between approaches. The study concluded that both isolated and integrated instruction can effectively increase vocabulary learning for adult ELLs.
L2 assessment
The document discusses issues with language assessment tests and more constructive ways of testing. Some key points:
- Tests were previously misused as punishment or the only grading measure without reflecting what was taught.
- A more constructive approach sees testing as teacher-student interaction, judges students on their knowledge, aims to improve skills, and has clear criteria.
- The summary highlights some of the constructive principles discussed in the document for better language assessment.
Online assignment
This document provides an overview and summary of various competitive and placement tests used for college admissions and teaching positions. It discusses the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), the Teaching Knowledge Test (TKT), the National Eligibility Test (NET), and the State Eligibility Test (SET). For each test, it provides brief details on what the test measures, how it is structured, and which academic programs or jobs it is required for. The conclusion emphasizes that the purpose of placement tests is to properly assess students' levels and place them in appropriate classes, not to rank students against each other.
Dual language streams teaching in pharmaceutical education: evidence of compa...
Dual language streams teaching in pharmaceutical education: evidence of compa...HK Metropolitan University
Poster Presented at International Conference on Language Issues in English-medium Universities: a global concern, HKU, HK, June 18-20, 2008Language Testing Evaluation
This document discusses language testing and evaluation. It defines formative and summative evaluation, with formative used to provide feedback during instruction and summative used to assess learning after instruction. Examples of evaluation include textbook, materials, course, and instructional evaluations. The purpose of evaluation is to improve teaching and learning, assess student progress, and identify weaknesses. Evaluation methods can be norm-referenced, comparing students, or criterion-referenced, assessing specific skills. Testing can directly assess skills or indirectly measure underlying abilities. Objective testing uses multiple choice while subjective uses human judgment. Proper testing is crucial for the teaching-learning process and provides feedback to improve curriculum and instruction.
The relationship between Language testing & SLA
there is the study of contributions which these two descipline could have about each other in implementation of rules & theories and in the relm of research they can help each other
A comparison between elt and ell graduates with regard to their perceptions o...
This document reports on a study that compared the perceptions of effective teacher behaviors between graduates from two English teacher preparation programs in Turkey: the English Language and Literature (ELL) department and the English Language Teaching (ELT) department. The study administered a questionnaire to ELL and ELT pre-service teachers and conducted independent samples t-tests to analyze differences between the groups. Interviews were also conducted with select participants. The results found no significant differences between the groups' perceptions of most categories, except for error correction, where perceptions differed significantly.
What's hot (20)
Introduction to language testing (wed, 23 sept 2014)
Introduction to language testing (wed, 23 sept 2014)
The impact analysis of psychological reliability of population pilot study fo...
The impact analysis of psychological reliability of population pilot study fo...
Comparative study of the pakistani and indonesian student’s anxiety towards t...
Comparative study of the pakistani and indonesian student’s anxiety towards t...
Comparative study of the pakistani and indonesian student’s
Comparative study of the pakistani and indonesian student’s
Pilot Study for Validity and Reliability of an Aptitude Test
Pilot Study for Validity and Reliability of an Aptitude Test
Which method, isolated or integrated, of teaching vocabulary is more effectiv...
Which method, isolated or integrated, of teaching vocabulary is more effectiv...
Dual language streams teaching in pharmaceutical education: evidence of compa...
Dual language streams teaching in pharmaceutical education: evidence of compa...
A comparison between elt and ell graduates with regard to their perceptions o...
A comparison between elt and ell graduates with regard to their perceptions o...
Similar to A descriptive research analysis
A Genre-Based Investigation Of Discussion Sections Of English And Persian Den...
This document contains abstracts from presentations given at the National Interdisciplinary Conference on Current Issues of English Language Teaching and Learning in March 2015. The abstracts discuss various topics related to English language teaching and learning, including:
1) A study investigating the relationship between brain dominance, English proficiency level, and use of speaking and listening strategies among Iranian EFL learners.
2) A study examining the effect of technology confidence, computer accessibility, and other factors on Iranian EFL teachers' attitudes toward computer-assisted language learning.
3) The development of an Economics Academic Word List based on an analysis of economics dissertations.
Annotated biblography
This annotated bibliography summarizes 10 sources related to reading strategies and comprehension. The sources discuss various strategies like mind mapping, comprehension, metacognitive strategies, and extensive reading and their impact on reading proficiency. Several studies found that reading strategies help improve reading ability, while others identified specific strategies commonly used by students or gaps in teachers' reading instruction. The sources cover topics like strategy use by Iranian, Pakistani, Chinese students and perceptions of Pakistani English teachers.
Language Learning Strategies
This study examined the perceptions of language learning strategies between international students and their teachers at a private English language school in New Zealand. A questionnaire was administered to 131 students and 34 teachers to determine the frequency of strategy use by students and the perceived importance of strategies by teachers. The results found that there was a 71% match between strategies that students reported using frequently and teachers perceived as important. However, there were also some mismatches, such as two strategies that teachers saw as highly important but students reported using least frequently. Overall, the study found that teachers were generally aware of important language learning strategies, and many of their perceptions aligned with students' reported strategy use.
Chapter 3
This chapter outlines the research methodology used in the study. A quantitative survey approach using questionnaires was used to collect data from 40 English teachers and 135 secondary school students in 3 schools in Petaling district, Malaysia. The questionnaires included sections on demographics, the English Learning Motivation Questionnaire (ELMQ) to measure students' motivation, the Teaching Styles Survey (TSS) to identify teachers' teaching styles, and open-ended questions. Data was analyzed using SPSS to identify patterns in teaching styles and their relationship to motivation. The study aims to identify teaching styles, recognize motivation levels, investigate the relationship between styles and motivation, and identify ways to improve motivation.
Integrating receptive and productive skills in a reading
This document discusses several topics related to teaching English as a second language including:
1. Integrating receptive (listening, reading) and productive (speaking, writing) skills in an ESL reading lesson.
2. Factors that influence teachers' perceptions and evaluations of student writing errors, such as their training and expectations of students.
3. An error analysis study of writing by Saudi ESL students which found common errors in verb tense, word order, agreement, and other areas. The study concluded these errors should be addressed to improve teaching.
A comparison between elt and ell graduates with regard to their perceptions o...
This document compares the perceptions of effective teaching behaviors between graduates from two English teacher training programs in Turkey - the English Language Teaching (ELT) department and the English Language and Literature (ELL) department. The ELT program spreads methodology courses across four years, while the ELL program concentrates these courses into the final 1.5 years. A questionnaire was administered to 22 ELT and 22 ELL pre-service teachers to investigate differences in their perceptions. Interviews were also conducted with 4 participants from each group. The study aims to determine if perceptions differ between the two groups who receive different amounts and timing of methodology training.
2011 Majid et al oet
This document summarizes a study that investigated the similarities and differences in opinion between teachers and students regarding Malaysia's revised school-based Oral English Test (OET).
The study found that both teachers and students viewed the OET as "just another test." Teachers' opinions focused more on how the test integrated with classroom activities, helped assess students' language abilities. Students' opinions centered more on the affirmation and feedback they received from the test. The only similarity was that both groups saw the OET as "just another test." The study provided insights that could help refine implementation of the school-based OET.
Learning styles
This document outlines a thesis proposal that investigates the language learning styles used by Kurdish EFL students at Salahaddin University. The study aims to identify the predominant learning styles of students, examine relationships between learning style and gender or teaching style, and understand how styles impact language proficiency. The proposal describes the research questions, hypotheses, objectives, scope, methodology involving questionnaires and observations, participants, and work schedule. If approved, the study could provide valuable insights into enhancing the English language learning process in Kurdistan.
Language Assessment
This study examined the impact of cooperative performance on cloze tests on the development of vocabulary knowledge. 70 English language learners were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group completed cloze tests cooperatively in small groups, while the control group studied the same passages individually. Both groups took a pre-test and post-test of vocabulary knowledge. The results showed no significant difference between the groups on the pre-test, but the experimental group performed significantly better on the post-test, indicating that cooperative performance on cloze tests improved vocabulary learning. The researchers concluded cooperative learning is effective for vocabulary development as it allows students to learn from each other and receive more input.
The impact of structure on word meaning and fill in-the-blank tests procedure...
The impact of structure on word meaning and fill in-the-blank tests procedure...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
The purpose of research described in the current study to investigate the impact of structure knowing on two types of test, i.e. word-meaning test and fill-in-the-blank test, their correlation and procedures on both short-term and long-term retention of vocabulary items. The importance of the present study, to test the condition that learners are not allowed to use guess strategy or randomly answer the tests and they should give reason semantically for their answer, otherwise their answer, even is correct, is not scored. The population for subject recruitment was all undergraduate students from second semester at large university in Iran (both male and female) that study English as a compulsory paper. In Iran, English is taught as a foreign language.S.nazari bibliography
This document provides summaries of 5 source documents that could be cited in a research paper on language learning strategies for adult learners. Each summary is 1-3 sentences and provides the authors, purpose, audience and relevance to the research topic. The sources discussed include journal articles and a book on topics such as online vs traditional learning, language learning strategies, methodology in language teaching, and factors that influence learning.
Activity 3 (Individual)PRINCESSRASCO.pptx
The document discusses using the Comprehensive Literacy Assessment (CRLA) to assess reading performance of Grade 2 learners in Pinagbirayan Elementary School. It provides 5 questions about analyzing the results of the CRLA assessment administered in SY 2021-2022. Related literature is presented on using early reading assessments to inform instruction, the importance of diagnostic assessment to identify conditions impacting performance, and strategies used after implementing a reading program. Descriptive statistics will be used to determine percentages of readers at different levels. Instructional tools should target students with low comprehension. The advantage of CRLA is it determines students' strengths and weaknesses to guide reading interventions.
Teachers' and Students' Attitudes Toward Error Correction in L2 Writing
Comparing student and teacher attitudes toward various aspects of language and instruction including the way writing errors are corrected is a fruitful activity in language education and SLA classroom research. To contribute to this line of inquiry, the present study investigated the preferences of 30 EFL teachers and 100 L2 students as to various language features as well as error marking techniques in writing. Two questionnaires were developed to elicit views of students and teachers on various error correction techniques in L2 writing. To add a qualitative dimension to the study and to triangulate the findings, nine teachers who took part in the survey study were invited for follow-up interviews. The results revealed that there are noticeable differences in the preferences and attitudes of teachers and students toward issues related to marking writing papers.
Furthermore, not only were differences observed between students and teachers in terms of their preferences and attitudes, but there was also disagreement between teachers themselves and among students as to the most appropriate error correction techniques. Further results and implications of the study are discussed in the paper.
APPROACHES EMPLOYED BY SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS TO TEACHING THE LITERATURE C...
This document summarizes a study that investigated the approaches used by secondary school English teachers in Sabah, Malaysia to teach the literature component. The study found that teachers most commonly used the paraphrastic approach, followed by the information-based and moral-philosophical approaches. Classroom observations of two teachers - one with an English teaching qualification and one without - showed they both used similar teaching approaches. The findings suggest teaching approaches are influenced by students' language proficiency, attitudes, exam-focused culture, prescribed materials, and class sizes. The implication is that generating personal student responses may be difficult unless these issues are properly addressed.
A Comparison Of The Effects Of Task Repetition And Elicitation Techniques On ...
This document summarizes a research study that compared the effects of task repetition and elicitation techniques on EFL learners' expository and descriptive writing abilities. 70 10th grade female students participated and were divided into two groups - a task repetition group and an elicitation techniques group. Both groups received writing tasks and were tested before and after the study. The results showed that both techniques improved writing abilities but the task repetition group performed better for expository writing. The study aimed to determine the impact of different teaching techniques on developing writing skills.
English Language Teacher Knowledge and the Classroom Practices
This paper previews the research about teacher knowledge and cognition among English Language Teachers and presents a pilot study resting upon the assumption that a gap between teacher professional knowledge and classroom practices exists.10 teachers from a language center volunteered to become the subjects of this study. A sample Teaching Knowledge Test (TKT) part 2, classroom observations, teacher interviews and student feedbackformed the data for this study.
Sh. tamizrad pragmatic development in a second or
This document presents six classroom techniques for developing learner pragmatics in a second language. The techniques aim to raise learner awareness of appropriate request and suggestion forms and contexts in the L1 and L2. Learners first understand pragmatics' importance and request/suggestion speech acts. Next, they analyze L1 examples and compare request/suggestion forms across contexts. Then, they learn target language forms and practice determining appropriateness. Learners then produce oral and written requests and suggestions in different contexts. Finally, they receive feedback on their productions to improve pragmatic competence. The goal is to expose learners to input, provide practice opportunities, and offer teacher feedback to develop pragmatic ability in the second language.
Paper Presented at Tehran University
The document discusses using portfolio assessment to evaluate the reading comprehension of Iranian high school students. It defines portfolios and their characteristics, compares them to traditional assessment, and outlines the benefits and challenges of using portfolios. It then describes a study that examined the effects of portfolio assessment on students' reading test performance, finding that the experimental group who used portfolios performed better.
Assessment purposes and approaches
Overview of Assessment
It is an integral part of instruction, as it determines whether or not the goals of education are being met.
3 criteria of assessment
Validity
Reliability
Practicality
(Farhady,2012)
Assessment
Assessment information is needed by administrators, teachers, staff developers, students, and parents to assist in determining appropriate program placements and instructional activities as well as in monitoring student progress. (O’Malley,1994)
Assessment Purposes of ELL Students
Screening and identification
Placement
Reclassification or exit
Monitoring Student Progress
Program Evaluation
Accountability
(O’Malley,1994)
The Effect of Formative Assessment on English Learning of Higher Vocational ...
The Effect of Formative Assessment on English Learning of Higher Vocational ...English Literature and Language Review ELLR
The paper makes an empirical research on the effect of formative assessment on English learning of higher vocational college students. It finds that: formative assessment attaches importance to the learning process, which is conducive to the development of good English learning habits; formative assessment can enhance students’ confidence in English learning, improve the atmosphere of team cooperative learning and autonomous learning, but cannot change the learning motivation of students. Overall, formative assessment has a greater impact on students with lower English proficiency.Similar to A descriptive research analysis (20)
A Genre-Based Investigation Of Discussion Sections Of English And Persian Den...
A Genre-Based Investigation Of Discussion Sections Of English And Persian Den...
Integrating receptive and productive skills in a reading
Integrating receptive and productive skills in a reading
A comparison between elt and ell graduates with regard to their perceptions o...
A comparison between elt and ell graduates with regard to their perceptions o...
The impact of structure on word meaning and fill in-the-blank tests procedure...
The impact of structure on word meaning and fill in-the-blank tests procedure...
Teachers' and Students' Attitudes Toward Error Correction in L2 Writing
Teachers' and Students' Attitudes Toward Error Correction in L2 Writing
APPROACHES EMPLOYED BY SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS TO TEACHING THE LITERATURE C...
APPROACHES EMPLOYED BY SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS TO TEACHING THE LITERATURE C...
A Comparison Of The Effects Of Task Repetition And Elicitation Techniques On ...
A Comparison Of The Effects Of Task Repetition And Elicitation Techniques On ...
English Language Teacher Knowledge and the Classroom Practices
English Language Teacher Knowledge and the Classroom Practices
The Effect of Formative Assessment on English Learning of Higher Vocational ...
The Effect of Formative Assessment on English Learning of Higher Vocational ...
Recently uploaded
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar KanvariaISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Recently uploaded (20)
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
A descriptive research analysis
- 1. A Descriptive-Comparative Analysis of Apology Strategies: The case of Iranian EFL and Malaysian ESL University Students By Seyed Yasin Yazdi Amirkhiz
- 2. Research analysis :3 • This research has a descriptive approach- comparative approach because it describes and compares the apology strategies that Iranian students used. • The aim of this study is to provide a descriptive account of the apology strategies used by Iranian EFL and Malaysian ESL learners. • The author analyzed EFL and Malaysian ESL learners in apology situations so 15 Iranian and 15 Malaysian learners were confronted with identical apology situations. It is important to mention that they were of the same language proficiency. The study showed similarities and differences in matters od frequency and typology of strategies and methods that were used by the students. • The model used in this study for data classification has been based on Cohen and Olshtain (1981: 113-134) and Olshtain and Cohen (1983: 22-23), as well as on the CCSARP coding manual (Blum-Kulka et al., 1989: 289). The data were analyzed by two raters (researchers themselves) and inter-rater-reliability was established through consensus (r=.85). • The findings of this study might be of pedagogical help and significance to teachers, students and those interested in pragmatics in general and apology speech act in particular.
- 3. Reason • The author states that he decided to do this reseach because he wanted to provide a descriptive account of the apology strategies used by Iranian EFL and Malaysian ESL learners; I believe that the author chose to conduct this research because he wanted to analyze the students’ performance in speaking skill. Analyzing the methods and the strategies that students’ use in a particular situation, is crucial in their second language process because it allows teachers to know the problems that their students are facing and their strengths.