This document proposes using a controlled natural language interface for the semantic wiki Semantic MediaWiki. It aims to improve usability and expressivity. Key points:
- Using a controlled natural language instead of formal logic improves ease of use for non-experts and allows knowledge input without thinking in "subject-property-object" terms.
- An ontology meta-model extends Semantic MediaWiki to support the full range of OWL/RDF constructs like class domains and ranges.
- Forms, templates, and a natural language generation module allow editing knowledge in controlled natural language and translating between the wiki, ontology meta-model, and RDF formats.
- The approach supports multiple controlled natural
External or internal domain-specific languages (DSLs) or (fluent)
APIs? Whoever you are – a developer or a user of a DSL –
you usually have to choose side; you should not! What about
metamorphic DSLs that change their shape according to your
needs? Our 4-years journey of providing the "right" support
(in the domain of feature modeling), led us to develop an external
DSL, different shapes of an internal API, and maintain
all these languages. A key insight is that there is no one-size-fits-
all solution or no clear superiority of a solution compared
to another. On the contrary, we found that it does make sense
to continue the maintenance of an external and internal DSL.
Based on our experience and on an analysis of the DSL engineering
field, the vision that we foresee for the future of
software languages is their ability to be self-adaptable to the
most appropriate shape (including the corresponding integrated
development environment) according to a particular
usage or task. We call metamorphic DSL such a language,
able to change from one shape to another shape.
The talk has been presented at SPLASH conference in Portland (USA), Onward! Essays track.
Paper is here: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01061576/fr
For four years in the late 1990's and early 2000's I worked at Stanford University’s Section on Medical Informatics doing research in Artificial Intelligence. I was one of the primary architects on the Protege project (an open-sourced knowledge representation system) and spent quite a bit of time thinking about how to represent knowledge, the logical structure of knowledge, how to define constraints on information, and how to classify algorithms (a.k.a. “problem-solving methods”).
This talk, from 2001, describes the underlying architecture formal knowledge model used in Protege, how "slot widgets" play in the system, and goes on to describe PAL: the Protege Axiom Language. It's long, and really only for knowledge representation afficionados, but it's pretty complete.
Data FAIRport Prototype & Demo - Presentation to Elsevier, Jul 10, 2015Mark Wilkinson
A discussion and demonstration of a functional Data FAIRport, using W3C's Linked Data Platform, Ruben Verborgh's Linked Data Fragments, and Hydra's hypermedia controlled vocabularies. This is the output of the "Skunkworks" working group of the larger Data FAIRport project (http://datafairport.org).
This talk introduces the concepts of web 3.0 technology and how they relate to related technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Grid Computing and the Semantic Web:
• A short history of web technologies:
o Web 1.0: Publishing static information with links for human consumption.
o Web 2.0: Publishing dynamic information created by users, for human consumption.
o Web 3.0: Publishing all kinds of information with links between data items, for machine consumption.
• Standardization of protocols for description of any type of data (RDF, N3, Turtle).
• Standardization of protocols for the consumption of data in “the grid” (SPARQL).
• Standardization of protocols for rules (RIF).
• Comparison with the evolution of technologies related to data bases.
• Comparison of IoT solutions based on web 2.0 and web 3.0 technologies.
• Distributed solutions vs centralized solutions..
• Security
• Extensions of Peer-to-peer protocols (XMPP).
• Advantages of solutions based on web 3.0 and standards (IETF, XSF).
Duration of talk: 1-2 hours with questions.
A Provenance-Aware Linked Data Application for Trip Management and OrganizationBoris Villazón-Terrazas
A Provenance-Aware Linked Data Application for Trip Management and Organization, presented at the Triplification Challenge, I-Semantics 2011.
We present, an application for exploiting, managing and organizing Linked Data in the domain of news and blogs about travelling. El Viajero makes use of several heterogeneous datasets to help users to plan future trips, and relies on the Open Provenance Model for modelling the provenance information of the resources.
Knowledge Organization System (KOS) for biodiversity information resources, G...Dag Endresen
Slides from a presentation on the Knowledge Organization System (KOS) work program for GBIF. KOS developments for biodiversity information resources and input to the emerging Vocabulary Management Task Group (VoMaG).
Links
GBIF KOS prototype tools, http://kos.gbif.org/
Tool: Semantic Wiki prototype, http://terms.gbif.org/wiki/
Tool: ISOcat prototype demo, http://kos.gbif.org/isocat/
GBIF concept vocabulary term browser, http://kos.gbif.org/termbrowser/
GBIF Resources Repository, http://rs.gbif.org/terms/
GBIF Vocabulary Server, http://vocabularies.gbif.org/
GBIF Resources Browser, http://tools.gbif.org/resource-browser/
Given at the annual Open Universiteit Informatics faculty research meeting on March 6, 2012. Video is at http://video.intranet.ou.nl/mediadienst/_website/php/external_video.php?Q=1056|videoID
External or internal domain-specific languages (DSLs) or (fluent)
APIs? Whoever you are – a developer or a user of a DSL –
you usually have to choose side; you should not! What about
metamorphic DSLs that change their shape according to your
needs? Our 4-years journey of providing the "right" support
(in the domain of feature modeling), led us to develop an external
DSL, different shapes of an internal API, and maintain
all these languages. A key insight is that there is no one-size-fits-
all solution or no clear superiority of a solution compared
to another. On the contrary, we found that it does make sense
to continue the maintenance of an external and internal DSL.
Based on our experience and on an analysis of the DSL engineering
field, the vision that we foresee for the future of
software languages is their ability to be self-adaptable to the
most appropriate shape (including the corresponding integrated
development environment) according to a particular
usage or task. We call metamorphic DSL such a language,
able to change from one shape to another shape.
The talk has been presented at SPLASH conference in Portland (USA), Onward! Essays track.
Paper is here: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01061576/fr
For four years in the late 1990's and early 2000's I worked at Stanford University’s Section on Medical Informatics doing research in Artificial Intelligence. I was one of the primary architects on the Protege project (an open-sourced knowledge representation system) and spent quite a bit of time thinking about how to represent knowledge, the logical structure of knowledge, how to define constraints on information, and how to classify algorithms (a.k.a. “problem-solving methods”).
This talk, from 2001, describes the underlying architecture formal knowledge model used in Protege, how "slot widgets" play in the system, and goes on to describe PAL: the Protege Axiom Language. It's long, and really only for knowledge representation afficionados, but it's pretty complete.
Data FAIRport Prototype & Demo - Presentation to Elsevier, Jul 10, 2015Mark Wilkinson
A discussion and demonstration of a functional Data FAIRport, using W3C's Linked Data Platform, Ruben Verborgh's Linked Data Fragments, and Hydra's hypermedia controlled vocabularies. This is the output of the "Skunkworks" working group of the larger Data FAIRport project (http://datafairport.org).
This talk introduces the concepts of web 3.0 technology and how they relate to related technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Grid Computing and the Semantic Web:
• A short history of web technologies:
o Web 1.0: Publishing static information with links for human consumption.
o Web 2.0: Publishing dynamic information created by users, for human consumption.
o Web 3.0: Publishing all kinds of information with links between data items, for machine consumption.
• Standardization of protocols for description of any type of data (RDF, N3, Turtle).
• Standardization of protocols for the consumption of data in “the grid” (SPARQL).
• Standardization of protocols for rules (RIF).
• Comparison with the evolution of technologies related to data bases.
• Comparison of IoT solutions based on web 2.0 and web 3.0 technologies.
• Distributed solutions vs centralized solutions..
• Security
• Extensions of Peer-to-peer protocols (XMPP).
• Advantages of solutions based on web 3.0 and standards (IETF, XSF).
Duration of talk: 1-2 hours with questions.
A Provenance-Aware Linked Data Application for Trip Management and OrganizationBoris Villazón-Terrazas
A Provenance-Aware Linked Data Application for Trip Management and Organization, presented at the Triplification Challenge, I-Semantics 2011.
We present, an application for exploiting, managing and organizing Linked Data in the domain of news and blogs about travelling. El Viajero makes use of several heterogeneous datasets to help users to plan future trips, and relies on the Open Provenance Model for modelling the provenance information of the resources.
Knowledge Organization System (KOS) for biodiversity information resources, G...Dag Endresen
Slides from a presentation on the Knowledge Organization System (KOS) work program for GBIF. KOS developments for biodiversity information resources and input to the emerging Vocabulary Management Task Group (VoMaG).
Links
GBIF KOS prototype tools, http://kos.gbif.org/
Tool: Semantic Wiki prototype, http://terms.gbif.org/wiki/
Tool: ISOcat prototype demo, http://kos.gbif.org/isocat/
GBIF concept vocabulary term browser, http://kos.gbif.org/termbrowser/
GBIF Resources Repository, http://rs.gbif.org/terms/
GBIF Vocabulary Server, http://vocabularies.gbif.org/
GBIF Resources Browser, http://tools.gbif.org/resource-browser/
Given at the annual Open Universiteit Informatics faculty research meeting on March 6, 2012. Video is at http://video.intranet.ou.nl/mediadienst/_website/php/external_video.php?Q=1056|videoID
Representing financial reports on the semantic web a faithful translation f...Jie Bao
Jie Bao, Graham Rong, Xian Li, and Li Ding (2010). Representing Financial Reports on the Semantic Web - A Faithful Translation from XBRL to OWL. In The 4th International Web Rule Symposium (RuleML).
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
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Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
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Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
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Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
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All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Empowering NextGen Mobility via Large Action Model Infrastructure (LAMI): pav...
A Controlled Natural Language Interface for Semantic MediaWiki
1. A Controlled Natural Language
Interface for Semantic MediaWiki
Jie Bao
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Paul R. Smart, Nigel R. Shadbolt
University of Southampton
Dave Braines, Gareth Jones
IBM UK
ACITA 2009, Sep 23, 2009 University of Maryland
2. Motivation
“The timely collection of facts obtained at the tactical (and
even the interpersonal level) may help to create better
operational decisions at all levels. The goal is to create
networks of soldiers who are capable of collecting
information within their sphere of influence and who can
share this information with other members of the net in a
timely fashion.”
---Defense Science Board. 2006 Summer Study on 21st Century Strategic
Technology Vectors, Volume II, Critical Capabilities and Enabling Technologies.
Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics,
Washington, DC, 2006.
2
3. Motivation
Intelligent
Agents/Assistants
Analysts Patrols / Field Reports
Remote
Sensors
Shared
Repository
Multinational Planning
Teams
Unmanned Vehicles
Military Platforms Non - Military
Organizations
3
4. Key Requirements
• Collaboration Support
– Can be used by a variety of different types of contributors
– Supports cross-platform access
• Ease of Use
– Requires least training
– Provides simple user interface
– Content ease to understand
• “Meaningful” Structure
– Enables some automated processing of data (e.g., automated
data propagation)
– Enables discovery of “hidden” knowledge from explicitly known
information.
4
6. Semantic Wiki
Multi-user content
creation and editing
Browser-based,
Cross-platform
easy to use
Semantic Support semantic
annotations for
Wiki automated processing
and inference
7. Semantic MediaWiki (SMW)
• It is the most popular semantic wiki system
extending MediaWiki (the Wikipedia’s platform)
Mediawiki: What you edit what you see
7
8. Semantic MediaWiki
To author knowledge
typed link (property)
SMW: What you edit what you see
(Modeling Script)
8
9. Semantic MediaWiki
To retrieve knowledge
SMW: What you edit what you see
(Querying Script)
9
10. Challenges
However, SMW is limited by
Expressivity constraints
• No support for the full range of RDF/OWL
• E.g., we can’t specify that “capital of” property should always link
a City to a Country (property domain and range)
Usability
• Thinking in the “subject-property-object” fashion may not be
ease (as one may think!)
• Based on our own experiments with entry-level users.
• Knowledge engineers may find it difficult to understand other’s
contributions.
• Users may prefer different languages styles or even different
natural languages.
11. Challenges
However, SMW is limited by
Expressivity constraints
• No support for the full range of RDF/OWL
By extending SMW with an
• E.g., we can’t specify that “capital of” property should always link
OWL Meta-model
a City to a Country (property domain and range)
(introduced in details later)
Usability
• Thinking in the “subject-property-object” fashion may not be
ease (as you may think!)
• Based on our own experiments with entry-level users.
By allowing modeling/representing knowledge
• Knowledge engineers may find it difficult to (CNL)
using controlled natural language understand other’s
contributions.
• Users may prefer different languages styles or even different
natural languages.
12. Controlled Natural Language
Production of knowledge
without using a formal logic.
Every
A is B…
Potential production and
comprehension benefits
Multiple OWL-compliant
CNLs are available: CNL
e.g. Rabbit, Sydney OWL
Syntax, ACE-OWL
13. Controlled Natural Language
Example (In Rabbit syntax):
• The “capital of" relationship can only have a “City" as a
subject.
• The "capital of" relationship can only have a “Country"
as an object.
Instead of saying (In OWL Abstract Syntax)
ObjectProperty(ex:capital_of
domain(ex:City) range(ex:Country))
Or (In Description Logics)
∀capital_of.T ⊆City
∀capital_of -.T ⊆ Country
13
14. Solution Summary
• Collaboration Support
– Natively collaborative for a wiki
– Web-based interface accessible from any device that has a
browser.
• Ease of Use
– Simplify knowledge input using semi-automatically generated
forms
– Multiple OWL-compliant CNLs: e.g. Rabbit (English, Chinese),
ACE-OWL
• “Meaningful” Structure
– Meta-model do the translation between OWL and CNL, and
between OWL and SMW scripts
– Query and inference supported.
14
15. Architecture
Form Editor CNL Editing RDF Export
CNL Interface
Interface Interface Interface
CNLG
Module
RDF Export
Wiki Database
RDF Import Semantic Query
Interface
SELECT ?x
WHERE
{
?x rdf:typeowl:Class
RDF Model
}
Prototype system: http://tw.rpi.edu/proj/cnl
16. SMW OWL Meta Model
1
Class(Rabbit partial intersectionOf(animal OWL: “Rabbit eats
restriction(eat someValuesFrom(FreshVegetable))) some fresh vegetable”
3 2
Form-based editing Us wiki templates to
interface associated create OWL meta-model
with templates extensions for SMW
18. CNL Generation
Use SMW queries to retrieve knowledge statements in the OWL meta
model
{{#vardefine:label|{{CNL.getLabel|{{{1}}} }} }}
{{#vardefine:super |
{{#ask: [[:{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}]]
|?Category= |mainlabel=-|format=list|link=none }}
}}
Construct sentences according to the syntax of the target CNL
{{#if: {{#var:super}}
|{{#arraymap:{{#var:super}}|,|xxx|<li>Every
[[:{{{1}}}{{!}}{{#var:label}}]] is a kind of
[[:xxx|{{CNL.getLabel|xxx}}]] }}|}}
20. I/O Support
• Allows importing of an RDF/OWL ontology
• Exporting in three CNL syntaxes
• Ontology in the meta-model can be exported in
RDF.
• Some limitations apply
– Limitation supports for blank nodes
– Datatypes
– Ontology management (e.g. imports)
20
21. Related work
AceWiki
Differences:
• underlying wiki system
• editing interface
• light-weight extensions
• support for multiple CNLs
• customization of target
CNLs
Tobias Kuhn (2008)
21
22. Related work
ROO
Differences:
• Protégé-based vs. wiki-
based
• Rabbit only vs. multiple
CNLs
• Formal modeling only vs.
formal+informal modeling
Vania Dimitrova et al. 2008
22
23. Summary
• We have developed an OWL meta-model extension to SMW to
support the representation of OWL ontologies
• We have provided a light-weight form-based interface to support
ontology editing
• We have provided an RDF import mechanism to support the
import of existing ontologies
• We have developed multiple CNL ‘verbalizers’ to support the
serialization of semantic wiki content to CNLs
• Future work:
– Improved expressvity
– Enable users to create/customize CNL output
– Implement wiki-based CNL editing capability
http://tw.rpi.edu/proj/cnl/
23