The document provides an analysis of the film A Civil Action. It discusses how the film depicts a personal injury lawyer, Jan Schlichtmann, taking on a civil case in Woburn, Massachusetts concerning a local tannery that had polluted the water supply. Several families believe their children were poisoned by contaminated drinking water from wells. The film examines the complex legal system and interface between science and law. It also shows how money influences litigation outcomes as the well-funded corporations have advantages over Schlichtmann's small firm.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Film: A Civil Action
#1 A Civil Action is a tragic movie informing viewers about a case that should have more light on
it. A Civil ACtion is based on the Woburn Toxic Trial, Anne Anderson et al. v. W.R. Grace & Co.
et al. It takes place in 1982, in the town of Woburn, Massachusetts and it about eight families. The
major partie in the trial and movie include the plaintiffs who were a group of eight families that
lived in a part of town served by the two municipal wells. The defendants who were W.R. Grace &
Co., owner of the Cryovac Plant, UniFirst Corporation, owner of Interstate Uniform Services, and
Beatrice Foods, Inc., owner of the John Riley Tannery (kennedy). Six people were treated for died
from leukemia, a form of blood cancer. The jury deliberated...show more content...
Trials do this in many ways, one way is by letting both sides speak. Whenever there is a problem
the first thing that happens is that both sides of the problem have a story. Trials let both sides tell
there story, therefore resolving the conflict. Trials also seek the truth to provide justice for the
side that is "hurt." The interface between science and law are so testy because science provides
an answer and the law seems to always want to stretch the answer and bend the words. Law takes
the science and tries to make it appear as the law wants. Science and law also have a testy
interface because science continues to push the law to the limit. Expert witnesses are sages.
They are sages because they tell the truth, the holy truth, and nothing but the truth. They provide
the solution the problem and end the dispute. An expert witness can make or break a trial
depending if you are prosecuting or defending. For a jury, the choice of experts or peers comes
down to a few things. One of the things being the situation you are in and which way you want
the jury to be persuaded toward. If it is a sad case, like this one, you would want peers that would
have feelings and would feel bad and give the people more and help them. If you were trying to
prove something you would want experts because they would feel less and be less affected by
feelings. Citizens have a voice in government but the
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2. A Civil Action Film Analysis
In the movie, "A Civil Action", Jan Schlichtmann, a personal injury lawyer, takes on an orphan case
from Woburn, Massachusetts concerning a local tannery that had polluted the water supply in the
town. Several families (Toonneys, Auferios, Anderson, Kaynes, and Robbins) all had children who
died from leukemia. (1) The devastated parents believed their children were slowly poisoned by
drinking water from the town's contaminated water supply. Schlichtmann, being a man only about
the money rather than the justice, decides to take this case because he finds reason to believe that
trichloroethylene (TCE) from Riley's Tannery, a subsidy for Beatrice Foods, and chemical company,
W.R. Grace are both very powerful and wealthy companies. Schlichtmann
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3. A Civil Action
A Civil Action
The movie A Civil Action is focused on describing and explaining what really goes on in a court
of law. The case the movie deals with is a small firm going after a national corporation in order to
get them to apologize for what they did to the city's water. It is believed that the company would
dump harmful waste such as trichloroethylene into the back of their site where the company was
located into a small running river. However, the river was connected to the city's water wells and
caused harm to many children that drank the water. The way each lawsuit is handled can be related
to a sociological perspective. The Marxist approach can best explain the process and outcome of the
case in A Civil Action.
Section 1:...show more content...
Schlichtmann knows that him and his small firm, Schlichtmann Conway & Crowley, need lots of
money in order to get an apology from whoever was responsible for contaminating the city's water.
Despite the need for more money in a large case like this, Jan Schlichtmann and his firm stop
working on all cases except the Anne Anderson at el., case. His firm began to have no other
income for the expenses of the case. In this situation, Schlichtmann's firm decides to pursue
Beatrice Foods and the W.R. Grace and Company for the losses of children these families had to
deal with. Originally when this case was presented to the major firms in the area, no one wanted
accept the case. It was unwanted, so it became known as orphan case because it was believed that
there would be no financial gain from the case. Similar to an orphan waiting to be brought into a
home, there were many victims waiting to be brought justice by a lawyer. With this case being a
civil case and a personal injury lawyer on the plaintiff's side, there was room for questions about
why Jan Schlichtmann wanted to take this case. Many personal injury lawyers are viewed in the
public as bottom feeders or vultures that prey on the misfortunes of others. For example, in the
beginning of the film there is a scene where Schlichtmann sees a man holding his head after a car
accident. The lawyer from Cornell (Schlichtmann) instantly gives the man in pain his business and
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4. A Civil Action Film
In the movie A Civil Action we see many different concepts, terminology, and an over all realistic
view into the litigation process. This movie shows us what really life lawyers have to deal with
while their case is going though the legal system. A Civil Action gives the view great insight on
how the litigants and judges play a roll in this complex legal system we have that is not just black in
white.
Here we get a glimpse of what it is like to be a personal injury lawyer taking on a civil trail case in
a U.S. court. He we see that Jan Schlichtmann, the lead attorney in this case, is like many of todays
real life personal injury lawyers that work on contingency, where they only gets paid if they win the
case or settles.
One of the first legal...show more content...
Facher gets his way in not letting the families testify because the judge agrees with him that it
would be too much for the families. When repeat players and relationships between lawyers and
judges come into play this can change the course of a case as it has severely hurt Mr.
Schilichtmann's plan. This led to no closing augments in the trial in Beatrice Foods being found
not liable and the trial against W.R. Grace continues. The reason W.R. Grace is able to continue is
because they have deep pockets and can afford to continue in a trail. However, Schilichtmann and
his firm did not have deep pockets and after a long trail finally took a settlement and this was the
end of their fight. Schilichtmann later went on and had the case sent to the EPA where they were
able to appeal it because they had the money and the resources to unlike Schilichtmann. So from this
we can see that money plays a huge roll in the litigation
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5. Essay on Civil Action
Civil Action
The legal system is an essential element in the successful operation of this country. It is a system
that is utilized every day, by every type of person, from the average blue–collar worker to the
average Wall Street broker. There is a multitude of ways that the legal system is put to use. One
such way is the class action lawsuit. A Civil Action, by Jonathan Harr, uses the account of a single
case, Anne Anderson, et al., v. W.R. Grace & Co., et al, to illustrate the power and importance of
class action lawsuits in the civil justice system.
The purpose of class action lawsuits is to give the common man the ability to take on the largest
corporate or private entities, who can afford the very best legal services,...show more content...
The harm must be linked to the behavior of the defendant, a factor often hard to prove.
The attempt to link the harm to the behavior of the defendant produced its share of successes and
failures for the Schlichtmann team. Not only did the plaintiffs have to prove that the corporations
contaminated the water, but they also had to show that the contamination caused the leukemia and
the other health problems. To do this they enlisted the help and expertise of numerous doctors and
specialists. Naturally the defending side recruited their own set of experts. As in any case, each
side is going to have an expert who will refute the testimony of the other side's expert. This is a
normal part of arguing a case, but can cause confusion and complication on the part of the jurors.
A lesser–anticipated pitfall associated with expert witnesses, is the possibility of them making a
mistake. Especially in a case such as Woburn, where both sides have a slew of expert testimony,
lawyers such as Schlichtmann aren't able to catch or prevent every mistake. Even if eventually
caught and corrected, one mistake can prove to be very damaging. In A Civil Action, George Pinder,
Schlichtmann's expert in hydrology and groundwater movement, made a minor calculating mistake.
Although minor, "Schlichtmann knew that Facher and Keating would not miss this mistake, and
that they would use it on cross–examination to attack Pinder's credibility" (Harr 327). An expert
witness whose credibility is
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6. Essay about A Civil Action
There are few things in life that could be worse than loosing you child to such a horrible disease as
leukemia. One can only imagine having such a tragedy repeat itself throughout you community time
after time. To compound such tragedies, imagine being poisoned yourself and having to fight some
of the largest local corporations to prove the truth and get it stopped. This is the community setting
for Jonathan Harr's true–to–life legal thriller A Civil Action. The book was an award winner for "Best
Seller" in 1995 and was named the 1995 National Book Critics Circle Award.
The setting of the book is in the New England state of Woburn, Massachusetts. This is a sleepy little
community that is overcast by local factories. The factories...show more content...
The W.R. Grace Company, Riley Eannery, and Unifirst Corporation were prominent factories in
Wobourn. Jan speculated they were to have illegally dumped a dangerous carcinogen known as TCE
into the ground, sewer, and water systems of the Woborn community. These poisons were thought by
Jan, and the community, to have polluted two water wells that acted as a water supply for the
community. Many of the people who worked at the factories experienced many medical problems
such as cancer and died at young ages. Community members experienced numerous medial problems
such as flu–like symptoms, memory loss, cancers, leukemia, burning eyes, and skin, and death. The
water over the years was said to have gone from natural, to smelling, to dark and dangerous.
Though Jan put off the Woburn case for a long time, he took it thinking that a public interest firm
would brunt the cost and workload. As it turned out, he and his associates had to take on the
companies, and their prominent attorneys, single handedly. Even the EPA couldn't conclude a
connection in the poisoning and refused to "help an attorney collect a settlement fee." As Jan
became obsessive with the Woborn case, a reader is able to tag along on a host of legal battles put
forth by the opposing counsel. Rarely used legal rules, such as "Rule 11", were put forth to destroy
Jan and the case itself. This is further complicated by the trial judge, Judge
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7. A Civil Action Term Paper
A Civil Action Paper
In class, we have learned many important topics in the legal, ethical, and regulatory environment of
business. However in the classroom setting, we have examined each of these topics individually.
Jonathan Harr's A Civil Action allows us to see how the topics learned relate to one another in the
context of a real world setting. His book provides an engaging read about the legal practice action
while connecting the topics of the relationship between law, business, and ethics; the court system
and litigation; alternative dispute resolution; and the nature of the corporation. A Civil Action
complements the material learned in class, and it helps to create an overall cohesiveness between the
topics learned in class that...show more content...
A court can exercise personal jurisdiction over any person or business that abides within a certain
geographic area, or any out of area defendant as long as there was minimum contact with the area to
justify jurisdiction. Each state has its own long arm statue in place that defines minimum contact.
Personal jurisdiction for federal courts is broad, extending to any persons within the United States,
whereas personal jurisdiction for state courts is much more narrow. Different courts have the
authority to hear different kinds of cases. Subject matter jurisdiction for federal courts is relatively
narrow. There must be an issue of federal law, or there must be a dispute between citizens or
businesses of different states and the amount in question must at least $75,000. States have a much
more broad subject matter jurisdiction; they can hear pretty much any matter, whether involving
state or federal law. Jurisdiction played a key role in the outcome of the lawsuit in A Civil Action.
The plaintiff's lawyer, Jan Schlichtmann, filed the original complaint against W. R. Grace and
Beatrice Foods in state court. Schlichtmann, a personal injury attorney, spends most of his time
there; personal injury is heard much less frequently in federal court. William Cheeseman, the
attorney for W. R. Grace, almost immediately removes the case to federal court since W. R. Grace's
headquarters is in New York and the amount in question is clearly over
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