Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana PMKVY is a remarkable scheme of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship MSDE Government of India. The scheme wishes for Skill Development Initiative schemes of the Government of India for recognition and calibration of skills. This scheme is aimed at encouraging talent towards employable skills and to surge working efficiency of credible and existing daily breadwinners, by giving monetary awards and rewards by providing quality training. Currently, only a very small proportion of India’s workforce has any formal skill training. Therefore, several sectors of the country’s economy face shortage of skilled people and are mired with low productivity due to poor quality of workforce. At the same time, large sections of the country’s youth are looking for economic and livelihood opportunities. In this context, skill development has become a key priority area for the country because skill development help to fulfil youth aspirations for good quality, better paid jobs and self employment opportunities. The paper has focused on present status and role of PMKVY and the effectiveness among unemployed youth in Nagaland through a case study Dimapur district of Nagaland. Dr. Debojit Konwar "A Case Study on the Performance of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana in Dimapur District of Nagaland" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd48047.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/48047/a-case-study-on-the-performance-of-pradhan-mantri-kaushal-vikas-yojana-in-dimapur-district-of-nagaland/dr-debojit-konwar
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowled...ijtsrd
The jobs created under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MGNREGA helped people sustain in Jharkhand during 2020 21 and also expected to do the same even this year. This was revealed in a report on the performances of the job scheme released by an independent organisation, Lib Tech India, late last week. “We have just complied the data as available in the public domain to arrive at the conclusion,” said Lavanya Tamang of the organisation, adding they considered several indicators such as work and employment and payment issues. This job scheme helped scores of migrant workers who returned to their homes in Jharkhand following lockdown last year sustain lives and livelihoods, the report said, adding “over 14 lakh new job cards were issued in the state during 2020 21 that recorded a 75 per cent increase over the number of the previous year 2019 20 ”. Results Depicted mean post test score 25.37 is higher than mean pre test score of 17.97. The actual gain knowledge score is 7.4 and post test SD =3.243 is more than pre test SD=3.102 and computed paired t test 23.29 p= 2.18 at the level of 0.05. Thus data showed higher than the tabled value t test = 2.18 at the level of 0.05 thus indicated significant difference and effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program. Conclusion The study concluded that effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program, in increasing the knowledge of adults regarding Mahatma Gandhi National. Ms. Manisha Malvi | Mr. Mata Deen | Mrs. Malika Roy "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding MGNREGA 2020 (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50345.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/50345/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-program-on-knowledge-regarding-mgnrega-2020-mahatma-gandhi-national-rural-employment-guarantee-act/ms-manisha-malvi
This report investigates student awareness, interests and aspirations around general and vocational education. Using a survey administered to students from class 10 to undergraduate students in four town of four district of Odisha (Khurdha-Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Bhadrak and Jajpur), we attempt to gain a better understanding of student aspirations, awareness levels, sources of information, key stakeholders and factors that influence their education and career choices. We then map student interests against sectors that are slated to experience the highest growth in terms of job creation. Our results indicate aspirations of students are largely misaligned with the needs of the Indian economy. It is important to create opportunities, generate awareness about various career options and the respective pathways available to realize career goals. The report outlines the key strategic options that can be considered to bolster the country’s response towards creating a skill development system that is responsive both to the aspirations of the youth and needs of industry.
Impact of Skill Development Training among School Teachers inventionjournals
Skill development training provided for the educated youths will maximize the merits of education system in India with productivity and employability skills expected by organizations and institutions in a developing country like India. The present study is used to analyze about the impact of skill development training provided to 63 school teachers from secondary and primary schools of Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu. A structured questionnaire was used in this study to explore the results with the help of statistical package for social science (SPSS). From the study it is revealed that the skill development is essential for younger generation to improvise their opportunities in the field of computer science in their career and for their future.
Detailed knowledge about skill Ecosystem in India. The root Causes, the problem, ideas to change the current skill ecosystem, the factors that can contribute in the development of Nation.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowled...ijtsrd
The jobs created under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MGNREGA helped people sustain in Jharkhand during 2020 21 and also expected to do the same even this year. This was revealed in a report on the performances of the job scheme released by an independent organisation, Lib Tech India, late last week. “We have just complied the data as available in the public domain to arrive at the conclusion,” said Lavanya Tamang of the organisation, adding they considered several indicators such as work and employment and payment issues. This job scheme helped scores of migrant workers who returned to their homes in Jharkhand following lockdown last year sustain lives and livelihoods, the report said, adding “over 14 lakh new job cards were issued in the state during 2020 21 that recorded a 75 per cent increase over the number of the previous year 2019 20 ”. Results Depicted mean post test score 25.37 is higher than mean pre test score of 17.97. The actual gain knowledge score is 7.4 and post test SD =3.243 is more than pre test SD=3.102 and computed paired t test 23.29 p= 2.18 at the level of 0.05. Thus data showed higher than the tabled value t test = 2.18 at the level of 0.05 thus indicated significant difference and effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program. Conclusion The study concluded that effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program, in increasing the knowledge of adults regarding Mahatma Gandhi National. Ms. Manisha Malvi | Mr. Mata Deen | Mrs. Malika Roy "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding MGNREGA 2020 (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50345.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/50345/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-program-on-knowledge-regarding-mgnrega-2020-mahatma-gandhi-national-rural-employment-guarantee-act/ms-manisha-malvi
This report investigates student awareness, interests and aspirations around general and vocational education. Using a survey administered to students from class 10 to undergraduate students in four town of four district of Odisha (Khurdha-Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Bhadrak and Jajpur), we attempt to gain a better understanding of student aspirations, awareness levels, sources of information, key stakeholders and factors that influence their education and career choices. We then map student interests against sectors that are slated to experience the highest growth in terms of job creation. Our results indicate aspirations of students are largely misaligned with the needs of the Indian economy. It is important to create opportunities, generate awareness about various career options and the respective pathways available to realize career goals. The report outlines the key strategic options that can be considered to bolster the country’s response towards creating a skill development system that is responsive both to the aspirations of the youth and needs of industry.
Impact of Skill Development Training among School Teachers inventionjournals
Skill development training provided for the educated youths will maximize the merits of education system in India with productivity and employability skills expected by organizations and institutions in a developing country like India. The present study is used to analyze about the impact of skill development training provided to 63 school teachers from secondary and primary schools of Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu. A structured questionnaire was used in this study to explore the results with the help of statistical package for social science (SPSS). From the study it is revealed that the skill development is essential for younger generation to improvise their opportunities in the field of computer science in their career and for their future.
Detailed knowledge about skill Ecosystem in India. The root Causes, the problem, ideas to change the current skill ecosystem, the factors that can contribute in the development of Nation.
Government of India’s ambitious Skill India program created National Skill development council (NSDC) to create a powerful network of training ecosystem to address employment skills and support gainful entrepreneurship. Despite the best efforts of the government, partners and other agencies involved in the outcomes of Skill India program have fallen short of objectives. The problem of skilling India can’t be solved by increasing expenditure and bringing in more training partners alone. We present here the reasons for the shortfall and approaches to overcome each pain area.
Start a Skill Development Training Centre. Best Education and Training Sector Business Ideas.
India has one in every of the biggest technical work force within the world. However, compared to its population it's not significant and there's a tremendous scope of improvement during this area. In India, the emphasis has been on general education, with vocational education at the receiving end. This has resulted in large number of educated folks remaining unemployed. This phenomenon has currently been recognized by the planners and therefore there's a larger thrust on vocationalization of education. Another shortcoming within the area of technical and education is that until currently, the number of engineers graduating is more than the diploma holders. This is often creating an imbalance, as additional workforces are required at the lower level.
For More Details, Click Here: - https://bit.ly/2WjReB3
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Registered under Indian Trust Act 1882 and with members, partners, associates in almost all the states of India SDC – SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT CLUB is a development organization incorporated by some well known social activists of India. SDC provides a wide range of effective services and support to its members and bridge the gap between various stakeholders of social change. In a very short span of time the organization delivered high end services to its member organizations and with a key focus on skill development sector it also organized various training programs and workshops for medium and small players in various states of the country.
Youth entrepreneurship through needs in tamil naduRAVICHANDIRANG
Entrepreneurship is one of the emerging aspect and boosting socio and economic
development of the country, entrepreneurship is a tool of key for the developing country. India
is the highly youth populated and properly utilized. Youth is one the virtual source which are
largely emerging in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, youth are taking risk in order to develop
and also to be succeed in business. Tamil Nadu is leading to promote the entrepreneurship for
the finance assistance for DIC, and various finance assistance particularly NEEDS scheme,
this scheme has been including for two categories that one is especially allot for youth because
this scheme main objectives to promote the youth for themselves and they are creating able to
availability on local sources to start up the new business environment and culture. The present
paper made an attempt to discuss the promotion of youth entrepreneurship through NEEDS in
Tamil Nadu.
Influence of Type of Courses Offered on Enrolment to Technical Vocational Edu...ijtsrd
Vocational Education and Training VET is considered as the best solution to improve opportunities of youth who have limited resources, skills or motivation to enable them to continue pursuing higher education Lerman, 2018 . TVET develops professional skills in youth with basic knowledge and scientific principles Billet, 2011 . This prepares youth for both formal employment and self employment. To promote self employment, TVETs curricula usually include entrepreneurship, agricultural science, home economics, hospitality and tourism related courses for social reproduction and the transformation of vocational practices Maclean and Wilson, 2009 . It is there important to understand what type of courses are offered in vocational training centres and it influence on enrolment to TVET. The study adopted Education Production Function Theory which suggests that an increase in enrolment to TVET is dependent on the inputs such as the type of course offered. The scope of the study was 28 County Vocational Training Centers with 161 trainers and 2931 trainees. Stratified random sampling was used in sampling out the 15 VTCs across Trans Nzoia County. Purposive sampling was used to sample VTC heads and director while simple random sampling was used to obtain trainers and trainees. The sample size had 464 respondents 1 VTC director, 15 head of VTCs, 108 trainers and 340 trainees. Questionnaires and interview guide was used to collect data. Jane Barasa | Matui Saleh Nawaji "Influence of Type of Courses Offered on Enrolment to Technical Vocational Education and Training in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/50083/influence-of-type-of-courses-offered-on-enrolment-to-technical-vocational-education-and-training-in-trans-nzoia-county-kenya/jane-barasa
Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 15 Jul 2015 launched his pet project Skill India Campaign in New Delhi on the occasion of the first ever World Youth Skills Day which included the launch of the National Skill Development Mission and unveiling of the new National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015.
"Through a policy driven approach we have waged a war against poverty and we have to win this war. India's youth is not happy simply asking for things. He or she wants to live with pride and dignity. I believe Indian youth has immense talent, they just want opportunities," Modi said.
This study provides a gender analysis of public sector budgets in education sector of Pakistan. An indepth analysis of pre-primary to secondary level education budgetary allocations and spending at federal and provincial (Punjab and Sindh) levels for the period of 2016-18 has been conducted through a gender lens. The research methodology is based on four key instruments, which help in systematically approaching our research questions. These instruments include review of existing secondary information and data, key informant interviews, stakeholder consultations, and a detailed review of budgetary processes. The study reveals gender disparity in out-of-school children at primary level. According to the study, 47 per cent boys as opposed to 58 per cent girls in Sindh whereas 39 per cent boys as opposed to 41 per cent girls were out-of-school in the Punjab. The study also finds noticeable gender disparities in budgetary allocations. The study concludes that in order to ensure sufficient allocations to promote girls’ education, the budget making process needs to be reconfigured. The gender lens should be introduced at a very early stage where budget call circulars are being sent to the departments concerned.
awareness of womenen entrepreneurship paper.pdf hariharan23900 hariharan 23900
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Mr. N. Hariharan BCOM CS ., DDTP., DOA., IBM, Currently pursing MBA Firs year at AR SCHOOL OF BUSINESS , Dindigul, Tamil nadu, India, DDTP – Diploma in desk top publishing in computer Software College, vadipatty, Madurai (13 July 2014) year of completed.DOA – Diploma in office automation in success software academy, vadipatty, Madurai (14 July 2016) year of completed. E- Tally - in success software academy, vadipatty, Madurai (12.06.2017) year of completed. IBM- International Business Management European University. Professional diploma programme 23.04.2021
Sakthi Arts and Science College for Women, Ottanchatram, Dindigul. ONE DAY NATIONAL LEVEL SEMIAR ON “STRATEGICAL SKETCHING OF POST PANDEMIC TRANSFORMATION IN INDAN TREND AND COMMERCE” In won paper presentation FIRST PRIZE and Best paper Award at 23.03.2021.
M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai. ONE DAY NATIONAL LEVEL ONLINE SYMPOSIM “MATHEMA 21” in Paper presentation winning 3rd Place At 05.05.2021.
He has published 58 papers published in international journal. Attended 52 webinars, paper presentation in 18 college national and international conference. Then 7 awars World record holder in AMIRTHAM 2021. Main area of specialization Commerce and Management. Finally total certificate is 205 it’s including quiz, webinar, pledge, workshops.
#hariharan23900
#hedunapublication
#authorhariharan
#hariharan
#hariharan23900
#researchpaper
#articlearea
#hariharan
#awards
#founderofhedunapublication
Study and Assessment on Rural Development Programme in Indiaijtsrd
Rural development has remained at the centre stage of national development in India. But poverty has persisted despite our efforts to tackle it since independence. Rural development focuses upon the development of the sections of rural economies, that experience serious poverty issues and effectively aims at developing their productivity. It also emphasises the need to address various pressing issues of village economies that hinder growth and improve these areas. The Government of India has lunched number of schemes for development of rural areas. The rural India facing the major problems of housing, absence of infrastructure in villages and towns to village connectivity by all weather roads and absence of employment opportunities in villages. This paper is to study the Government of India has announced, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MGNREGA to provide employment to rural people Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yoiana PMGSY to build roads, and Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yoiana Gramin PMAY G scheme is to provide houses. These 3 important schemes are play main role in rural development of India. The study reveals that against the target of 1.00 crore houses to be constructed by March 2019, 44.54 lakh houses have been constructed during 2017 18 under PMAY G scheme. The pace of construction of PMGSY roads reached an eight year high of 134 kilometre per day in 2017 18 as against an average of 73 Kilometres during the period 2011 to 2014. Hence, the pace of construction has increased by 93 . MGNREGA has provided employment to 5.12 crore households by generating more than 234.25 crore person days of wage employment covering 177 lakh works during FY 2017 18. Anima Kumari | Dr. K. C. Jha "Study and Assessment on Rural Development Programme in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52264.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/52264/study-and-assessment-on-rural-development-programme-in-india/anima-kumari
Themicro, small and medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the growth accelerators of the Indian economy and for promoting equitable development. The MSME contributes about 30% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). In terms of exports, they are an integral part of the supply chain and contribute about 40% of the overall exports.Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector has emerged as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector of the Indian economy over the last five decades. MSMEs not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at comparatively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural & backward areas, thereby, reducing regional imbalances, assuring more equitable distribution of national income and wealth. MSMEs are complementary to large industries as ancillary units and this sector contributes enormously to the socio-economic development of the country. The study aims to analyse the sustainability and success of MSME in India
Human Resource Training and Employee Performances in Enugu State, Nigeriaiosrjce
This research examined human resource development, employee Performances and training (HRTD)
in Enugu State Public Service with a focus on five ministries. Its relevance was based on the importance of
human resource training and development towards employee’s effective and efficient performances. This is with
the view that in Enugu State, the government set four (4) Point Agenda and Economic Programmes (EN: Vision
4:2020) which has to be achieved through the efforts of Employees in Ministries, Departments and Agencies
(MDAs). The rationale for this research was also based on the fact that HRTD has lot of effect/implication on
employee job performance for which its lack can be very devastating on organizations (MDAs) total
productivity. Summarily “a nation’s greatest asset is its Human Resource’’. Total population of the various
MDAs used for the survey was 780, while 264 was the sample size and questionnaires were distributed to the
264 sample in the study area. Two hundred and fifty (250) questionnaires were collected back and analyzed.
The data was presented in tabular form under frequencies and percentages were adopted as statistical tool, also
both secondary and primary data were utilized for analysis. The data analyzed revealed that human resource
development and training programme exists in Enugu State Public Service and Employees performances are
positively affected by these HRTD. That is to say there is an effect on employee job performance. Also that these
HRTD programmes available for employees job enhancement has also improved ministerial output, thereby,
enabling the state government to achieve their set economic and social objectives.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
More Related Content
Similar to A Case Study on the Performance of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana in Dimapur District of Nagaland
Government of India’s ambitious Skill India program created National Skill development council (NSDC) to create a powerful network of training ecosystem to address employment skills and support gainful entrepreneurship. Despite the best efforts of the government, partners and other agencies involved in the outcomes of Skill India program have fallen short of objectives. The problem of skilling India can’t be solved by increasing expenditure and bringing in more training partners alone. We present here the reasons for the shortfall and approaches to overcome each pain area.
Start a Skill Development Training Centre. Best Education and Training Sector Business Ideas.
India has one in every of the biggest technical work force within the world. However, compared to its population it's not significant and there's a tremendous scope of improvement during this area. In India, the emphasis has been on general education, with vocational education at the receiving end. This has resulted in large number of educated folks remaining unemployed. This phenomenon has currently been recognized by the planners and therefore there's a larger thrust on vocationalization of education. Another shortcoming within the area of technical and education is that until currently, the number of engineers graduating is more than the diploma holders. This is often creating an imbalance, as additional workforces are required at the lower level.
For More Details, Click Here: - https://bit.ly/2WjReB3
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Registered under Indian Trust Act 1882 and with members, partners, associates in almost all the states of India SDC – SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT CLUB is a development organization incorporated by some well known social activists of India. SDC provides a wide range of effective services and support to its members and bridge the gap between various stakeholders of social change. In a very short span of time the organization delivered high end services to its member organizations and with a key focus on skill development sector it also organized various training programs and workshops for medium and small players in various states of the country.
Youth entrepreneurship through needs in tamil naduRAVICHANDIRANG
Entrepreneurship is one of the emerging aspect and boosting socio and economic
development of the country, entrepreneurship is a tool of key for the developing country. India
is the highly youth populated and properly utilized. Youth is one the virtual source which are
largely emerging in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, youth are taking risk in order to develop
and also to be succeed in business. Tamil Nadu is leading to promote the entrepreneurship for
the finance assistance for DIC, and various finance assistance particularly NEEDS scheme,
this scheme has been including for two categories that one is especially allot for youth because
this scheme main objectives to promote the youth for themselves and they are creating able to
availability on local sources to start up the new business environment and culture. The present
paper made an attempt to discuss the promotion of youth entrepreneurship through NEEDS in
Tamil Nadu.
Influence of Type of Courses Offered on Enrolment to Technical Vocational Edu...ijtsrd
Vocational Education and Training VET is considered as the best solution to improve opportunities of youth who have limited resources, skills or motivation to enable them to continue pursuing higher education Lerman, 2018 . TVET develops professional skills in youth with basic knowledge and scientific principles Billet, 2011 . This prepares youth for both formal employment and self employment. To promote self employment, TVETs curricula usually include entrepreneurship, agricultural science, home economics, hospitality and tourism related courses for social reproduction and the transformation of vocational practices Maclean and Wilson, 2009 . It is there important to understand what type of courses are offered in vocational training centres and it influence on enrolment to TVET. The study adopted Education Production Function Theory which suggests that an increase in enrolment to TVET is dependent on the inputs such as the type of course offered. The scope of the study was 28 County Vocational Training Centers with 161 trainers and 2931 trainees. Stratified random sampling was used in sampling out the 15 VTCs across Trans Nzoia County. Purposive sampling was used to sample VTC heads and director while simple random sampling was used to obtain trainers and trainees. The sample size had 464 respondents 1 VTC director, 15 head of VTCs, 108 trainers and 340 trainees. Questionnaires and interview guide was used to collect data. Jane Barasa | Matui Saleh Nawaji "Influence of Type of Courses Offered on Enrolment to Technical Vocational Education and Training in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/50083/influence-of-type-of-courses-offered-on-enrolment-to-technical-vocational-education-and-training-in-trans-nzoia-county-kenya/jane-barasa
Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 15 Jul 2015 launched his pet project Skill India Campaign in New Delhi on the occasion of the first ever World Youth Skills Day which included the launch of the National Skill Development Mission and unveiling of the new National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015.
"Through a policy driven approach we have waged a war against poverty and we have to win this war. India's youth is not happy simply asking for things. He or she wants to live with pride and dignity. I believe Indian youth has immense talent, they just want opportunities," Modi said.
This study provides a gender analysis of public sector budgets in education sector of Pakistan. An indepth analysis of pre-primary to secondary level education budgetary allocations and spending at federal and provincial (Punjab and Sindh) levels for the period of 2016-18 has been conducted through a gender lens. The research methodology is based on four key instruments, which help in systematically approaching our research questions. These instruments include review of existing secondary information and data, key informant interviews, stakeholder consultations, and a detailed review of budgetary processes. The study reveals gender disparity in out-of-school children at primary level. According to the study, 47 per cent boys as opposed to 58 per cent girls in Sindh whereas 39 per cent boys as opposed to 41 per cent girls were out-of-school in the Punjab. The study also finds noticeable gender disparities in budgetary allocations. The study concludes that in order to ensure sufficient allocations to promote girls’ education, the budget making process needs to be reconfigured. The gender lens should be introduced at a very early stage where budget call circulars are being sent to the departments concerned.
awareness of womenen entrepreneurship paper.pdf hariharan23900 hariharan 23900
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Mr. N. Hariharan BCOM CS ., DDTP., DOA., IBM, Currently pursing MBA Firs year at AR SCHOOL OF BUSINESS , Dindigul, Tamil nadu, India, DDTP – Diploma in desk top publishing in computer Software College, vadipatty, Madurai (13 July 2014) year of completed.DOA – Diploma in office automation in success software academy, vadipatty, Madurai (14 July 2016) year of completed. E- Tally - in success software academy, vadipatty, Madurai (12.06.2017) year of completed. IBM- International Business Management European University. Professional diploma programme 23.04.2021
Sakthi Arts and Science College for Women, Ottanchatram, Dindigul. ONE DAY NATIONAL LEVEL SEMIAR ON “STRATEGICAL SKETCHING OF POST PANDEMIC TRANSFORMATION IN INDAN TREND AND COMMERCE” In won paper presentation FIRST PRIZE and Best paper Award at 23.03.2021.
M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai. ONE DAY NATIONAL LEVEL ONLINE SYMPOSIM “MATHEMA 21” in Paper presentation winning 3rd Place At 05.05.2021.
He has published 58 papers published in international journal. Attended 52 webinars, paper presentation in 18 college national and international conference. Then 7 awars World record holder in AMIRTHAM 2021. Main area of specialization Commerce and Management. Finally total certificate is 205 it’s including quiz, webinar, pledge, workshops.
#hariharan23900
#hedunapublication
#authorhariharan
#hariharan
#hariharan23900
#researchpaper
#articlearea
#hariharan
#awards
#founderofhedunapublication
Study and Assessment on Rural Development Programme in Indiaijtsrd
Rural development has remained at the centre stage of national development in India. But poverty has persisted despite our efforts to tackle it since independence. Rural development focuses upon the development of the sections of rural economies, that experience serious poverty issues and effectively aims at developing their productivity. It also emphasises the need to address various pressing issues of village economies that hinder growth and improve these areas. The Government of India has lunched number of schemes for development of rural areas. The rural India facing the major problems of housing, absence of infrastructure in villages and towns to village connectivity by all weather roads and absence of employment opportunities in villages. This paper is to study the Government of India has announced, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MGNREGA to provide employment to rural people Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yoiana PMGSY to build roads, and Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yoiana Gramin PMAY G scheme is to provide houses. These 3 important schemes are play main role in rural development of India. The study reveals that against the target of 1.00 crore houses to be constructed by March 2019, 44.54 lakh houses have been constructed during 2017 18 under PMAY G scheme. The pace of construction of PMGSY roads reached an eight year high of 134 kilometre per day in 2017 18 as against an average of 73 Kilometres during the period 2011 to 2014. Hence, the pace of construction has increased by 93 . MGNREGA has provided employment to 5.12 crore households by generating more than 234.25 crore person days of wage employment covering 177 lakh works during FY 2017 18. Anima Kumari | Dr. K. C. Jha "Study and Assessment on Rural Development Programme in India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52264.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/52264/study-and-assessment-on-rural-development-programme-in-india/anima-kumari
Themicro, small and medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the growth accelerators of the Indian economy and for promoting equitable development. The MSME contributes about 30% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). In terms of exports, they are an integral part of the supply chain and contribute about 40% of the overall exports.Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector has emerged as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector of the Indian economy over the last five decades. MSMEs not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at comparatively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural & backward areas, thereby, reducing regional imbalances, assuring more equitable distribution of national income and wealth. MSMEs are complementary to large industries as ancillary units and this sector contributes enormously to the socio-economic development of the country. The study aims to analyse the sustainability and success of MSME in India
Human Resource Training and Employee Performances in Enugu State, Nigeriaiosrjce
This research examined human resource development, employee Performances and training (HRTD)
in Enugu State Public Service with a focus on five ministries. Its relevance was based on the importance of
human resource training and development towards employee’s effective and efficient performances. This is with
the view that in Enugu State, the government set four (4) Point Agenda and Economic Programmes (EN: Vision
4:2020) which has to be achieved through the efforts of Employees in Ministries, Departments and Agencies
(MDAs). The rationale for this research was also based on the fact that HRTD has lot of effect/implication on
employee job performance for which its lack can be very devastating on organizations (MDAs) total
productivity. Summarily “a nation’s greatest asset is its Human Resource’’. Total population of the various
MDAs used for the survey was 780, while 264 was the sample size and questionnaires were distributed to the
264 sample in the study area. Two hundred and fifty (250) questionnaires were collected back and analyzed.
The data was presented in tabular form under frequencies and percentages were adopted as statistical tool, also
both secondary and primary data were utilized for analysis. The data analyzed revealed that human resource
development and training programme exists in Enugu State Public Service and Employees performances are
positively affected by these HRTD. That is to say there is an effect on employee job performance. Also that these
HRTD programmes available for employees job enhancement has also improved ministerial output, thereby,
enabling the state government to achieve their set economic and social objectives.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
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The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
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Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
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Table 1: Funds disbursed and beneficiaries under PMKVY2.0 (2016-20) JSS and NAPS in NE States
States/UTs
Funds Disbursed Candidates Trained
CSCM-
PMKVY
till January
2021(In
INR)
NAPS
(2016-20
to20-21till
January
2) (In Cr)
JSS (2018-
19 to 20-21
till Aug 20)
(In INR)
CSCM
and
CSSM-
PMKVY
2.0
Apprentice
Count
JSS (2018-
19 to 20-21)
(January
21)
Arunachal Pradesh 144249768 0 6526000 67839 0 726
Assam 369532800 0 53922411 621930 7664 13659
Manipur 325988939 0 30256624 75946 11 7522
Meghalaya 127796760 0 0 37726 73 0
Mizoram 221273161 0 0 24647 0 0
Nagaland 254476980 0 8425000 31323 0 2500
Tripura 228006870 0.001 8072037 117731 1418 2555
Source: Secondary (Eastern Mirror Feb 08/2021)
Table 1 reveals that a total 31323 candidates from Nagaland benefitted under the Centrally Sponsored Centrally
Managed (CSCM) and CSSM –PMKYV 2.0, and 2,500 candidates under Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) (2018-19
to 2020-21). The schemes were implemented to ‘improve occupational skills and technical knowledge of the
non/neo literate’. However, the state didn’t receive any benefit under the National Apprenticeship Promotion
Scheme (NAPS) [1].
The MSDE reported candidates trained and certified under the government's flagship skills programme get 15-
19% higher wages than those without any formal certification. The third-party evaluation report of PMKVY2.0
has found that the mean monthly income of individuals trained and certified under PMKVY 2.0 – short term
training (STT) was 15% higher when compared to a comparison group of individuals who have not participated
in PMKVY. Further, the average monthly income of Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)-certified individuals
was found to be 19% higher than that of a comparison group of non-RPL certified individuals,” it added [2].
The total target for CSCM short term training (STT) PMKVY3.0 2020-21 in Nagaland is 1744 and in Phase-2
target allocation in transparent Request for Proposal (RFP) is 1321. The highest target of STT is in Dimapur of
195 and least in Longleng of 140 [3]. The MSDE released of recurring grant in Aid Rs. 6851357 lakh to Govt. of
Nagaland for implementation of Centrally Sponsored and State Managed (CSSM) component of PMKVY3.0
(2020-21) which is implemented by Department of Employment Skill Development & Entrepreneurship
(DESDE) [3]
Since five years to PMKVY came into existence an attempt has been made to assess the status and role of
PMKVY and the effectiveness among unemployed youth in Nagaland through a case study Dimapur district of
Nagaland.
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The study has following objectives
1. To find out role of PMKVY in up gradation of skill in the district.
2. To find out impact of the PMKVY among unemployed youth.
3. To find out the problems and policy implication.
HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis are framed for the study
1. PMKVY has positive impact on empowerment by development of skill.
2. There is significant relationship between level of education and PMKVY training placement.
METHODOLOGY:
This research is conducted in Dimapur town, state of Nagaland, located in northeast region of India.
The primary data are collected from 30 respondents. The simple random sampling technique is used by using
questionnaire to gather the information from the respondents at the same time secondary data are also used
according to need of the study.
The analysis of data is made with help of simple tabular analysis and percentage method.
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To find out the impact of PMKVY paired t test has been used in case of two dependent or correlated of equal
two samples. In this situation both the population mean and the standard deviation are not known. In such a
situation to apply‘t’ test, at first it is calculated the differences of pairs of values and then calculated the mean
differences. The statistics‘t’ has been calculated as
with (n degree of freedom.
Where, = Mean of differences, S=Estimate of Standard deviation.
S=
d= Difference of the pair of values.
= Mean of differences.
The calculated value of‘t’ has been compared with corresponding table value. If the calculated value is greater
than the table value, it is said to be significant and the hypothesis is rejected. On the other hand if the calculated
value is less than the table value, it is said to be not significant and there is no reason to reject the hypothesis.
To find out the relationship of PMKVY training placement and education Chi square test has been used.
The Formula for Chi-Square is
χ2
c = Ʃ
Where
c=degree of freedom
O=Observed frequency
E=Expected frequency
The calculated chi square value compare with table chi square to draw conclusion or to test the hypothesis.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:
The study relates Dimapur district of Nagaland.
The study is based on expressed opinion of the respondent.
The Study relates in the year 2021 only.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
Socio economic profile gives the better understanding and perception of the research and also helps to studythe
main streams of the study about the impact the of PMKVY training skill on empowerment and the relationship
between education and placement.
Table 2: Profile of the Study
Sl. Nos. No of Respondent Per cent
1. Age Groups
(i) Below 20 years
(ii) 20─30 years
(iii) 30─40 years
- -
3 10.00
20 66.66
7 23.34
2. Family Size
(i) Below 5 Members
(ii) 5─10 Members
- -
14 46.66
16 53.34
3. Marital Status
(i) Married
(ii) Unmarried
- -
4 13.33
26 86.67
4. Gender
(i) Male
(ii) Female
- -
21 70.00
9 30.00
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5. Educational Qualification
(i) Up to HSLC
(ii) HSSLC & above
(iii) Graduate & above
- -
5 16.67
8 26.67
17 56.66
6. Present Status
(i) Self employed
(ii) Unemployed
(iii) Not interested to gainful employment
- -
21 70.00
7 23.34
2 6.66
Source: Primary
Table 2 reveals that the majority trainee 66.66 per cent is age group of 20-30 years, 23.34 per cent from 30-40
years and lease 10 per cent from below 20 years. The family size of the respondents 53.34 per cent is belonging
5-10 members and 46.66 per cent belonging below 5 members of which 86.67 per cent is married and 13.33 per
cent is unmarried. Out of 30 respondents 70 per cent is male and 30 per cent is female.
The table reveals that the educational qualification of the respondent’s that the majority 56.66 per cent having
graduation signifies the present scenario of unemployment in the district as well as interest of educated youth to
technical or skill based education. The table revels, the respondents 26.67 per cent having qualification HSLC
standard and 16.67 per cent up to HSLC standard.
PMKVY is a programme designed as an outcome-based skill training of Ministry of Skill Development &
Entrepreneurship (MSDE). This skill certification enhances to mobilize a large number of youth to take up skill
training and become employable. The table 2 reveals that 70 per cent of trainee self employed or get
employment opportunity in different sectors after successfully completion their training and 23.34 per cent yet to
receive employment opportunity and 6.66 per cent are not interested to gainful employment.
Table 3: Profile of the District:
Heads State / District 2011 Per cent 2021 (Projected) Per cent (Projected)
Population
Nagaland 1978502 0.16 (India) 2073074 -
Dimapur 378811 19.14 (State) 396918 19.15
Literacy
Nagaland 1342434 79.55 - 79.55
Dimapur 278037 84.79 - 86.79
Area
Nagaland 16579 km2
- 16579 km2
-
Dimapur 927km2
5.59 927km2
5.59
Source: Census 2011 and India Census. Net.
Table 3 reveals that 19.14 per cent of population belongs from the districts as per census 2011 with coverage of
5.59 per cent of State’s total geographical area. The literacy rate 84.79 per cent of the district is higher compared
to all Nagaland literacy rates 79.55.
The scheme is designed as a skill certification and reward scheme with an aim to enable and mobilize large
number of Indian youth to take up skill training and become employable for sustainable livelihood. To keep the
trainings imparted in the scheme-market relevant, a total of 252 job roles were taken up for implementation in
the first two years of PMKVY. This training has been imparted in 198 job roles out of the 252 job roles
applicable to the scheme. Whereas in Nagaland the common job roles are like MUA, RSA, FOA, food and
beverages ,cabin crew, etc.
Table 4: Job Roles of the respondents
Job role Frequency Per cent
Makeup Artist 7 23.34
Retail Sales Associates 8 26.66
Front Office Associates 10 33.34
Others 5 16.66
Total 30 100.00
Source: Primary
Table 4 shows that 23.34 per cent of respondents are performing Makeup Artist, 26.66 per cent Retail Sales
Associates 33.34 per cent Front office Associates and 16.66 per cent engaged in other skills and job roles like
food and beverage, cabin crew, helper, electrician, etc.
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Fig1 Job Roles of the Respondents
Percent Position
Makeup Artist 23.34
Per cent
Retail Sales Associates
26.66 Per cent
FrontOffice Associates
33.34 Per cent
Others16.66 Per cent
Many unemployed youths takes up this course under PMKVY scheme because this scheme offers cost-free,
industry related skills training to unemployed youth and school or college dropouts to make them fit for
employment. This scheme also offers valid certification and a skill India card basis which the candidate can
apply for jobs and earn a livelihood. Apart from those benefits the trainees have their option like to support
financially, self interest, to gain knowledge, personal experiences, etc.
Table 5 Level of Education and Employment
Qualification/Categories Up to HSLC Undergraduate Graduate Total Per cent
Self employed 2 7 12 21 70.00
Unemployed 3 1 5 9 30.00
Source: Primary
Table 5 reveals that out of 30 respondents 70 per cent is self employed and 30 per cent is unemployed with
different educational qualification after having training of PMKVY.
Table 6 Statistics of Education and Employment
Education/Employment Observed N Expected N Residual
Up to HSLC 5 10.00 -5.00
Undergraduate 8 10.00 -2.00
Graduate 17 10.00 7.00
Self employed 21 15.00 6.00
Unemployed 9 15.00 -6.00
Table 6.1 Chi-Square Test
Employment Education
Chi-Square 4.800a
7.800b
df 1 2
Asymp. Sig. .028 .020
A. 0 cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 15.0
B. b. 0 cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 10.0.
Table 6 and 6.1 the chi square result shows that œ=0.020 less than P=0.05 the null hypothesis is rejected and
concluded that there is significant relationship between level of education and employment.
Impact of Training on Empowerment:
Table 2 and 5 reveals that 70 per cent (21 nos.) respondents are self employed in different fields and 30 per cent
(9 nos.) are unable to find employment opportunities.
Table 7 Impact of PMKVY Training on Income
Income Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Before training 1609.52 21 875.73 191.10
After training 8380.95 21 4239.41 925.11
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Table 7.1: Statistics of paired t Analysis on Income
Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean t df Sig
-6771.42 4551.60 993.24 -6.817 20 0.001
From the Paired‘t’ statistics of table 7 and 7.1 shows that t= -6.817 and p value is 0.0001, less than 0.05 (0.001
<0.05) since the hypothesis is rejected and the mean income is significantly higher after PMKVY training and
there is strong evidence that training increases the level of income of the respondents.
Table 8: Impact of PMKVY Training on Savings.
Savings Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Before training 328.57 21 187.46 40.90
After training 3200.00 21 1290.34 281.57
Table 8.1: Statistics of paired t Analysis on Savings
Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean t df Sig
-2871.42 1365.70 298.02 -9.63 20 0.001
From the Paired‘t’ statistics of table 8 and 8.1 shows that t= -9.63 and p value is 0.0001, less than 0.05 (0.001
<0.05) since the hypothesis is rejected and the mean savings is significantly higher after training and there is
strong evidence that PMKVY training increases the level of savings of the respondents.
Table 9: Overall Impact of PMKVY Training Skill on Income and Savings
Impact of Training Mean Income/Saving Before Training Mean Income/Saving After Training
On Income 1609.52 8380.95
On Savings 328.57 3200.00
Source: Primary
Table 9 shows after training mean income increases from Rs 1609.52 to Rs 8380.95 and mean savings increases
from Rs 328.57 to Rs 3200.
Fig 2: Overall Impact of PMKVY Training Skill on Income and Savings
PROBLEMS, SUGGESTION AND
CONCLUSION:
PMKVY is a remarkable scheme of calibration of
skills of the Ministry of Skill Development &
Entrepreneurship, Government of India. However,
there are certain challenges associated with this
scheme too and the concern department need to be
addressed these challenges if PMKVY has to be
succeed.
Trained in one role and placed in another is one of the
greatest problems of skilling India program. People
get assessed and certified in one particular job role
and ended up being placed in a completely different
job. So the government should take various steps to
absorb the skills like setting up of many new
industries in the country such that the unemployment
problem could be solved.
People get trained in one place and avail placement
opportunity in different place is another challenge.
The earning of trainee is less compared to other
profession therefore they leave their job within a short
period because the cost of living in different location
is very high.
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Focus on school dropouts could also be other
challenges, as those trainees may not be skilled
enough but still they gets employed after the training.
One of the ground realities in India is that more than
10 million graduates are either willingly unemployed
or are desperately seeking a job that meets their
impossible expectations. On the other hand, most of
the school drop outs are working as unskilled labour
and are hence employed. PMKVY focus more on
school dropouts which requires a review.
The present study about the performance of up
gradation of skill in Dimapur district, Nagaland with
30 respondents might have some limitations, because
a sample of larger dimension might reflect different
picture. Yet after analyzing the data collected from
the respondents and the findings indicates that
training builds abilities to enhance performance
which is helpful to earn livelihood and promote them
to self-employment. Majority 70 per cent of
respondents are self employed after training and their
mean income increases from Rs. 1609.52 to Rs.
8380.95 and savings increases from Rs. 328.57 to Rs.
3200.00 after placements. The study also reveals that
there is significant relationship between level of
education and placements. The chi square result
œ=0.020 less than 0.05 shows more education with
training make an individual employable. The
educational qualification, majority 56.66 per cent
having graduation signifies the present scenario of
unemployment in the district as well as interest of
educated youth to technical or skill based education.
The trainee normally raise the issues that are related to
outdated curriculum, inadequate trainers, lack of
training infrastructure, lack of job roles as per interest,
underutilization of seating capacityetc. Therefore, it is
necessary to ensure availability of funds for creating
jobs in the Skill Missions. Apart from that availability
of faster, easier and cheaper credit facilities also needs
to be ensured. The objective of skill development
mission should not only to make someone skilled in a
particular area but need to ensure a good placement.
At the same time the process should effectivelyspread
across the country with the crucial involvement of
various stakeholders.
References:
[1] Eastern Mirror:
https://easternmirrornagaland.com/centre-
disburses-more-than-inr-25-44-cr-to-
nagaland-under-cssm-pmkvy-2-0/
[2] The Economic Times:
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/eco
nomy/indicators/those-trained-under-govts-
flagship-skills-programme-get-15-19-higher-
wages-minister/articleshow/84546051.cms
[3] MSDE: Ministry of Skill Development
Entrepreneurship OM dated 14.12.20
[4] MSDE: Ministry of Sill Development F No-
SCH-11/16/2021/SNP dated 25/03/21
[5] Chenoy D (2012) Skill development in India, A
transformation in the making. India
Infrastructure Report
[6] Divyaranjani and Rajasekar (2017): A research
on effectiveness of training and development in
India on workers’ productivity in automobiles,
International Journal of civil engineering and
technology
[7] DESD, Nagaland:
https://desd.nagaland.gov.in/projects/pmkvy/