Vocational Education and Training VET is considered as the best solution to improve opportunities of youth who have limited resources, skills or motivation to enable them to continue pursuing higher education Lerman, 2018 . TVET develops professional skills in youth with basic knowledge and scientific principles Billet, 2011 . This prepares youth for both formal employment and self employment. To promote self employment, TVETs curricula usually include entrepreneurship, agricultural science, home economics, hospitality and tourism related courses for social reproduction and the transformation of vocational practices Maclean and Wilson, 2009 . It is there important to understand what type of courses are offered in vocational training centres and it influence on enrolment to TVET. The study adopted Education Production Function Theory which suggests that an increase in enrolment to TVET is dependent on the inputs such as the type of course offered. The scope of the study was 28 County Vocational Training Centers with 161 trainers and 2931 trainees. Stratified random sampling was used in sampling out the 15 VTCs across Trans Nzoia County. Purposive sampling was used to sample VTC heads and director while simple random sampling was used to obtain trainers and trainees. The sample size had 464 respondents 1 VTC director, 15 head of VTCs, 108 trainers and 340 trainees. Questionnaires and interview guide was used to collect data. Jane Barasa | Matui Saleh Nawaji "Influence of Type of Courses Offered on Enrolment to Technical Vocational Education and Training in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/50083/influence-of-type-of-courses-offered-on-enrolment-to-technical-vocational-education-and-training-in-trans-nzoia-county-kenya/jane-barasa
TVET Trainers’ Pedagogical Competence in Technical Training Institutions in B...ijtsrd
Technical trainers’ competencies are essential for success in any career like Technology Education program which centers on skills acquisition among Trainees for production. The objective of the study was to establish the extent of TVET trainer’s pedagogical competence in Bungoma County, Kenya. The study was guided by the Signaling Theory of Learning. The study employed descriptive survey design. The study targeted the 800 trainees enrolled for technical course and 400 trainers in Bungoma County. Simple random sampling technique was used to arrive at the participants. A sample of 200 trainees and 80 trainers participated in the study. The study used questionnaires and Focused Group Discussion guides and interview to collect data. Test retest technique was employed to ascertain reliability of the questionnaires at alpha 0.70. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive namely percentages, frequencies, means and standard deviation and inferential statistics namely correlation and Pearson coefficient. Statistical Package for Social Scientists SPSS Version 25.0 was used to analyze data. Qualitative data was recorded, transcribed and reported thematically. The findings were presented using figures and tables. The study found that TVET trainers could effectively communicate with trainees and to somewhat extent, trainers utilized assessment for the benefit of the trainees. However, trainers could to a little extent develop trainees critical thinking skills and trainers were to somewhat extent knowledgeable of current technologies in their areas of specialization. In addition, the study found that majority of the trainers could somewhat extent relate classroom content to workshop experiences. The study found that the strongest positive correlation existed between trainers’ use of practical examples to explain concepts and acquisition of skills among trainees r= 0.788, p 0.05 . Other variables that were positively correlated with the outcome variable were trainers motivated learners r=0.758, p 0.05 , trainers used variety of teaching approaches r=0.783, p 0.05 , trainers used relevant examples r=0.748, p 0.05 and trainers allowed trainees to design teaching and learning activities r=0.755, p 0.05 .The results for the multiple linear regression model with all the eleven trainers’ pedagogical competence variables that were statistical correlated with the outcome variable produced an adjusted R Square of 0.481, F 11,177 = 1.862, p 0.05. The study recommended that there was need to enhance the TVET trainers’ pedagogical competence and there was need to increase government capitation to TVET to assist them acquire training material and equipment that support more practice based learning. Oroni Barasa | Echaune Manasi | Rispah Wepukhulu "TVET Trainers’ Pedagogical Competence in Technical Training Institutions in Bungoma County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Is
Planning and Managing Technical and Vocational Education in Polytechnics: Pri...inventionjournals
The desire to plan and manage vocational education adequately as an investment for economic and human resource is reinforced by studies in the field of educational economics such as UNESCO and UNICEF through advocacy for „Equitable, Quality Education and Lifelong Learning for All‟ as the main goal for education. In third world countries, large numbers of graduates from formal schools are unemployed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to gather information about planning and managing technical and vocational education in polytechnics with priorities in training trends and prospects. The objectives of the study were to: find out instructors‟ perceptions about instructional methodologies employed by youth polytechnic instructors; examine trainees‟ and instructors‟ views about training tools, equipment and materials at their disposal as the necessary implements towards acquisition of vocational skills and knowledge. The study adopted survey research design. The study population was 1880. Census and purposive sampling were used to draw a sample of 31.06% informants. The study employed questionnaires, interview schedules and checklists for collect data. Data were presented in percentages, pie charts, frequencies, bar graphs and ratios. A major finding was that agriculture trade was offered as common a course to first years only. Community‟s negative attitude towards vocational training discouraged youths from enrolling at YPs. 72.8% respondents observed that YPs were poorly enrolled. 79.9% trainees reported instructors demonstrated skills while trainees explained them. Some trainees shared tools during practicals. 93.1% instructors were ICT illiterate. Few YPs had automated tools/equipment and trade workshops were poorly equipped. The study concluded that YPs were in dire need of instructors, adequate training tools/equipment, materials and workshops. The study recommended that County Government building a YP in every location and craft comprehensive policies on financing/staffing of YPs.
TVET Trainers’ Pedagogical Competence in Technical Training Institutions in B...ijtsrd
Technical trainers’ competencies are essential for success in any career like Technology Education program which centers on skills acquisition among Trainees for production. The objective of the study was to establish the extent of TVET trainer’s pedagogical competence in Bungoma County, Kenya. The study was guided by the Signaling Theory of Learning. The study employed descriptive survey design. The study targeted the 800 trainees enrolled for technical course and 400 trainers in Bungoma County. Simple random sampling technique was used to arrive at the participants. A sample of 200 trainees and 80 trainers participated in the study. The study used questionnaires and Focused Group Discussion guides and interview to collect data. Test retest technique was employed to ascertain reliability of the questionnaires at alpha 0.70. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive namely percentages, frequencies, means and standard deviation and inferential statistics namely correlation and Pearson coefficient. Statistical Package for Social Scientists SPSS Version 25.0 was used to analyze data. Qualitative data was recorded, transcribed and reported thematically. The findings were presented using figures and tables. The study found that TVET trainers could effectively communicate with trainees and to somewhat extent, trainers utilized assessment for the benefit of the trainees. However, trainers could to a little extent develop trainees critical thinking skills and trainers were to somewhat extent knowledgeable of current technologies in their areas of specialization. In addition, the study found that majority of the trainers could somewhat extent relate classroom content to workshop experiences. The study found that the strongest positive correlation existed between trainers’ use of practical examples to explain concepts and acquisition of skills among trainees r= 0.788, p 0.05 . Other variables that were positively correlated with the outcome variable were trainers motivated learners r=0.758, p 0.05 , trainers used variety of teaching approaches r=0.783, p 0.05 , trainers used relevant examples r=0.748, p 0.05 and trainers allowed trainees to design teaching and learning activities r=0.755, p 0.05 .The results for the multiple linear regression model with all the eleven trainers’ pedagogical competence variables that were statistical correlated with the outcome variable produced an adjusted R Square of 0.481, F 11,177 = 1.862, p 0.05. The study recommended that there was need to enhance the TVET trainers’ pedagogical competence and there was need to increase government capitation to TVET to assist them acquire training material and equipment that support more practice based learning. Oroni Barasa | Echaune Manasi | Rispah Wepukhulu "TVET Trainers’ Pedagogical Competence in Technical Training Institutions in Bungoma County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Is
Planning and Managing Technical and Vocational Education in Polytechnics: Pri...inventionjournals
The desire to plan and manage vocational education adequately as an investment for economic and human resource is reinforced by studies in the field of educational economics such as UNESCO and UNICEF through advocacy for „Equitable, Quality Education and Lifelong Learning for All‟ as the main goal for education. In third world countries, large numbers of graduates from formal schools are unemployed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to gather information about planning and managing technical and vocational education in polytechnics with priorities in training trends and prospects. The objectives of the study were to: find out instructors‟ perceptions about instructional methodologies employed by youth polytechnic instructors; examine trainees‟ and instructors‟ views about training tools, equipment and materials at their disposal as the necessary implements towards acquisition of vocational skills and knowledge. The study adopted survey research design. The study population was 1880. Census and purposive sampling were used to draw a sample of 31.06% informants. The study employed questionnaires, interview schedules and checklists for collect data. Data were presented in percentages, pie charts, frequencies, bar graphs and ratios. A major finding was that agriculture trade was offered as common a course to first years only. Community‟s negative attitude towards vocational training discouraged youths from enrolling at YPs. 72.8% respondents observed that YPs were poorly enrolled. 79.9% trainees reported instructors demonstrated skills while trainees explained them. Some trainees shared tools during practicals. 93.1% instructors were ICT illiterate. Few YPs had automated tools/equipment and trade workshops were poorly equipped. The study concluded that YPs were in dire need of instructors, adequate training tools/equipment, materials and workshops. The study recommended that County Government building a YP in every location and craft comprehensive policies on financing/staffing of YPs.
Technological innovations are altering the lives of the poor, rich, nation’s economics, and education globally. Hence, Ghana’s commitment to formulate the ICT for Accelerated Development (ICT4AD) Policy in 2003 to achieve the transformative vision of competing favorably in the knowledge economy in addition to the introduction of ICT-related subjects in the Ghanaian schools to develop the human resources for indigenous knowledge development is laudable. However, instructional technologists feared that the Ghanaian ICT curriculum from basic to tertiary level might be too generic and lacking curriculum-specific integration literacy, thereby likely to widen the digital divide. To support Ghana’s vision for ICT integration into higher education lessons, the current study sought to predict university graduates’ integration literacy from cognitive constructs using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The measurements and structural model fit indices were tested with SmartPLS Version 3. The results showed that students’’ goal-setting and need for achievement significantly predicted over 15% (R2 = .155) of ICT integrate skills. However, self-efficacy was not an important predictor (t = 1.74, p > .05) for students ICT integration literacy in the Ghanaian setting. We concluded that whilst graduates’ goal-setting and need for achievement traits motivate them to acquire technology skills in the Ghanaian public universities, certainly, 85% of latent variables such as pedagogy, lecturers’ computer integration competencies, and access remain unaccounted for per our structural model. The study recommends that career counsellors could design cognitive interventions to improve students’ self-efficacy traits and educational administrators should encourage formative assessment by ICT instructors in their schools to enhance skills developments.
Contribution of Skill Development Program on Self-Employment in Nyamagana Dis...AI Publications
This study aimed to investigate the contribution of skill development to self-employment. The study specifically aimed to identify skills development programs required for self-employment among youth. To identify the roles of stakeholders in contributing to skills development programs on self-employment among youth and to examine factors hindering the contribution of skills development programs towards self-employment among youth. Based on the findings through questionnaires and interviews it can be concluded that skills development programs are very important for youth selfemployment in society. That skills development contributes highly to the youth in the determination of entrepreneurship opportunities; it then gives youth time to learn about the management of their enterprises as well as creating a link between one economic sector to another. However, it was established that there are challenges facing skills development programs among youth, which need to be mitigated properly to obtain positive, results about the improvement of youth selfemployment.
Assessement of Manpower Literacy Level in Bokkos Local Government Council of ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Impact of Skill Development Training among School Teachers inventionjournals
Skill development training provided for the educated youths will maximize the merits of education system in India with productivity and employability skills expected by organizations and institutions in a developing country like India. The present study is used to analyze about the impact of skill development training provided to 63 school teachers from secondary and primary schools of Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu. A structured questionnaire was used in this study to explore the results with the help of statistical package for social science (SPSS). From the study it is revealed that the skill development is essential for younger generation to improvise their opportunities in the field of computer science in their career and for their future.
Exploring Factors Affecting the Success of TVET-Industry Partnership: A Case ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to explore factors affecting the success of TVET-industry
partnerships. A case study design of the qualitative research method was used to achieve this objective. For the
study, one polytechnic college of Oromia regional state, and two industries were purposively selected. From the
sample polytechnic college and industries, a total of 17 sample respondents were selected. Out of 17
respondents, 10 respondents were selected using the snowball sampling method, and the rest 7 respondents were
selected using the purposive sampling technique. The qualitative data were collected through an in-depth
interview and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic approaches. The findings revealed that
TVET-industry partnerships were found weak. Lack of key stakeholder‟s awareness shortage of improved
training equipment and machines in polytechnic colleges, absence of trainee health insurance policy, lack of
incentive mechanisms for private industries, lack of employer industries involvement in designing and
developing occupational standards, and preparation of curriculum were some of the impediments of TVETindustry partnership. Based on the findings it was recommended that the Oromia TVET bureau in collaboration
with other relevant concerned regional authorities and TVET colleges, set new strategies for creating strong
awareness for industries, companies, and other relevant stakeholders on the purpose and advantages of
implementing successful TVET-industry partnership. Finally, the Oromia regional government in collaboration
with the TVET bureau needs to create policy-supported incentive strategies such as giving occasional privileges
of duty-free import, tax reduction, and regional government recognition awards based on the level of partnership
contribution to TVET institutions in promoting TVET-industry partnership.
KEY WORDS: employability skills, industries, and partnership
Challenges Encountered on Capacity Building of Heads of Departments in Public...ijtsrd
The rationale of this study was to investigate influence of capacity building of Heads of Departments on implementation of curriculum in order to improve Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examination KCSE performance in public schools in Kericho County. The performance of KCSE has been decreasing over the last five years 2013—2017 the least mean score being 3.408 which is below average. The study was guided by the following objective namely to establish the challenges encountered by schools on Capacity building of Heads of Departments in order to improve KCSE performance of public schools in Kericho County. The study was used the Theory of Human Capital Theory by Becker and Gerhart 1996 which gave a deeper insight to this research study. The study adopted descriptive survey design which was suitable for this study. The target population was composed of 80 Principals, 400 Heads of Departments and 800 Teachers totaling to 3200. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling was used to get a sample of 1280 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. The data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS Version 21 .Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques were used to analyze the collected data which was then presented in form of pie chats, frequency tables and graphs and thematically explained. The study found out lack of time and financial resources for capacity building for Heads of Departments HODs affected curriculum implementation. Majority of the schools held internal seminars to instill efficiency in performance although they had inadequate teachers and incentives. Majority of the respondents preferred the government to sponsor their professional development trainings instead of relying on their already migre salaries. With this in place then there will be success in curriculum implementation through efficiency and effectiveness in learning and performance. In conclusion Principals, Heads of Departments HODs and teachers agreed that they have done very little in full curriculum implementation and professional development leading to poor performance in national exams in subsequent years and other conflicts of interest. The study recommends that the Teachers Service Commission and the Ministry of Education should constantly review its policies to accommodate changing needs of Teachers and Heads of Departments in full Profession Development. Zeddy Martim "Challenges Encountered on Capacity Building of Heads of Departments in Public Schools in Kericho County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50434.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/50434/challenges-encountered-on-capacity-building-of-heads-of-departments-in-public-schools-in-kericho-county-kenya/zeddy-martim
Human Resources Management and School Effectiveness in Government Technical S...ijtsrd
Management of resources is one of the areas in educational administration which brings about school effectiveness. When principals are provided with the human financial, material and time resources, they are most likely to perform their tasks effectively. Consequently, students' academic achievement is high and the organizational effectiveness is realized. This article is intended at exploring human Resources Management and School Effectiveness in government technical secondary and high schools in Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon. The enquiry problem focused on the effectiveness of schools with respect to the management of human resources. Thus the link between human resources management and effectiveness of schools is at the center of this article. The implication is that managing human resources can impact on school effectiveness. Data was collected from primary source through administration of open items questionnaires using a five point Likert scale format and closed ended questionnaires to two hundred and fifty respondents randomly sampled from ten technical secondary schools Fako Division. Secondary data was collected from documents such as journals and magazines from all necessary quarters and Chi- Square technique of data analysis was used to analyze the extent and impact of these variables on school effectiveness and whether there exists any relationship between Human Resources Management and School Effectiveness. The result obtained revealed that the null hypothesis was rejected at a calculated Chi-Square value greater than the critical value. This therefore led the researcher to conclude that Human Resources Management has a significant impact on School Effectiveness and that there exists a strong relationship between Human Resources Management and School Effectiveness hence school administrators are advised to undergo courses in resources management, guide newly recruited teachers, and regular provide didactic materials to staff and stakeholders, with in-service training for staff. Tam Vivian Ekwen | Prof. Fonkeng Epah George "Human Resources Management and School Effectiveness in Government Technical Secondary and High Schools in Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18728.pdf
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Technological innovations are altering the lives of the poor, rich, nation’s economics, and education globally. Hence, Ghana’s commitment to formulate the ICT for Accelerated Development (ICT4AD) Policy in 2003 to achieve the transformative vision of competing favorably in the knowledge economy in addition to the introduction of ICT-related subjects in the Ghanaian schools to develop the human resources for indigenous knowledge development is laudable. However, instructional technologists feared that the Ghanaian ICT curriculum from basic to tertiary level might be too generic and lacking curriculum-specific integration literacy, thereby likely to widen the digital divide. To support Ghana’s vision for ICT integration into higher education lessons, the current study sought to predict university graduates’ integration literacy from cognitive constructs using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The measurements and structural model fit indices were tested with SmartPLS Version 3. The results showed that students’’ goal-setting and need for achievement significantly predicted over 15% (R2 = .155) of ICT integrate skills. However, self-efficacy was not an important predictor (t = 1.74, p > .05) for students ICT integration literacy in the Ghanaian setting. We concluded that whilst graduates’ goal-setting and need for achievement traits motivate them to acquire technology skills in the Ghanaian public universities, certainly, 85% of latent variables such as pedagogy, lecturers’ computer integration competencies, and access remain unaccounted for per our structural model. The study recommends that career counsellors could design cognitive interventions to improve students’ self-efficacy traits and educational administrators should encourage formative assessment by ICT instructors in their schools to enhance skills developments.
Contribution of Skill Development Program on Self-Employment in Nyamagana Dis...AI Publications
This study aimed to investigate the contribution of skill development to self-employment. The study specifically aimed to identify skills development programs required for self-employment among youth. To identify the roles of stakeholders in contributing to skills development programs on self-employment among youth and to examine factors hindering the contribution of skills development programs towards self-employment among youth. Based on the findings through questionnaires and interviews it can be concluded that skills development programs are very important for youth selfemployment in society. That skills development contributes highly to the youth in the determination of entrepreneurship opportunities; it then gives youth time to learn about the management of their enterprises as well as creating a link between one economic sector to another. However, it was established that there are challenges facing skills development programs among youth, which need to be mitigated properly to obtain positive, results about the improvement of youth selfemployment.
Assessement of Manpower Literacy Level in Bokkos Local Government Council of ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Impact of Skill Development Training among School Teachers inventionjournals
Skill development training provided for the educated youths will maximize the merits of education system in India with productivity and employability skills expected by organizations and institutions in a developing country like India. The present study is used to analyze about the impact of skill development training provided to 63 school teachers from secondary and primary schools of Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu. A structured questionnaire was used in this study to explore the results with the help of statistical package for social science (SPSS). From the study it is revealed that the skill development is essential for younger generation to improvise their opportunities in the field of computer science in their career and for their future.
Exploring Factors Affecting the Success of TVET-Industry Partnership: A Case ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to explore factors affecting the success of TVET-industry
partnerships. A case study design of the qualitative research method was used to achieve this objective. For the
study, one polytechnic college of Oromia regional state, and two industries were purposively selected. From the
sample polytechnic college and industries, a total of 17 sample respondents were selected. Out of 17
respondents, 10 respondents were selected using the snowball sampling method, and the rest 7 respondents were
selected using the purposive sampling technique. The qualitative data were collected through an in-depth
interview and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic approaches. The findings revealed that
TVET-industry partnerships were found weak. Lack of key stakeholder‟s awareness shortage of improved
training equipment and machines in polytechnic colleges, absence of trainee health insurance policy, lack of
incentive mechanisms for private industries, lack of employer industries involvement in designing and
developing occupational standards, and preparation of curriculum were some of the impediments of TVETindustry partnership. Based on the findings it was recommended that the Oromia TVET bureau in collaboration
with other relevant concerned regional authorities and TVET colleges, set new strategies for creating strong
awareness for industries, companies, and other relevant stakeholders on the purpose and advantages of
implementing successful TVET-industry partnership. Finally, the Oromia regional government in collaboration
with the TVET bureau needs to create policy-supported incentive strategies such as giving occasional privileges
of duty-free import, tax reduction, and regional government recognition awards based on the level of partnership
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The rationale of this study was to investigate influence of capacity building of Heads of Departments on implementation of curriculum in order to improve Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examination KCSE performance in public schools in Kericho County. The performance of KCSE has been decreasing over the last five years 2013—2017 the least mean score being 3.408 which is below average. The study was guided by the following objective namely to establish the challenges encountered by schools on Capacity building of Heads of Departments in order to improve KCSE performance of public schools in Kericho County. The study was used the Theory of Human Capital Theory by Becker and Gerhart 1996 which gave a deeper insight to this research study. The study adopted descriptive survey design which was suitable for this study. The target population was composed of 80 Principals, 400 Heads of Departments and 800 Teachers totaling to 3200. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling was used to get a sample of 1280 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. The data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS Version 21 .Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques were used to analyze the collected data which was then presented in form of pie chats, frequency tables and graphs and thematically explained. The study found out lack of time and financial resources for capacity building for Heads of Departments HODs affected curriculum implementation. Majority of the schools held internal seminars to instill efficiency in performance although they had inadequate teachers and incentives. Majority of the respondents preferred the government to sponsor their professional development trainings instead of relying on their already migre salaries. With this in place then there will be success in curriculum implementation through efficiency and effectiveness in learning and performance. In conclusion Principals, Heads of Departments HODs and teachers agreed that they have done very little in full curriculum implementation and professional development leading to poor performance in national exams in subsequent years and other conflicts of interest. The study recommends that the Teachers Service Commission and the Ministry of Education should constantly review its policies to accommodate changing needs of Teachers and Heads of Departments in full Profession Development. Zeddy Martim "Challenges Encountered on Capacity Building of Heads of Departments in Public Schools in Kericho County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50434.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/50434/challenges-encountered-on-capacity-building-of-heads-of-departments-in-public-schools-in-kericho-county-kenya/zeddy-martim
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Management of resources is one of the areas in educational administration which brings about school effectiveness. When principals are provided with the human financial, material and time resources, they are most likely to perform their tasks effectively. Consequently, students' academic achievement is high and the organizational effectiveness is realized. This article is intended at exploring human Resources Management and School Effectiveness in government technical secondary and high schools in Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon. The enquiry problem focused on the effectiveness of schools with respect to the management of human resources. Thus the link between human resources management and effectiveness of schools is at the center of this article. The implication is that managing human resources can impact on school effectiveness. Data was collected from primary source through administration of open items questionnaires using a five point Likert scale format and closed ended questionnaires to two hundred and fifty respondents randomly sampled from ten technical secondary schools Fako Division. Secondary data was collected from documents such as journals and magazines from all necessary quarters and Chi- Square technique of data analysis was used to analyze the extent and impact of these variables on school effectiveness and whether there exists any relationship between Human Resources Management and School Effectiveness. The result obtained revealed that the null hypothesis was rejected at a calculated Chi-Square value greater than the critical value. This therefore led the researcher to conclude that Human Resources Management has a significant impact on School Effectiveness and that there exists a strong relationship between Human Resources Management and School Effectiveness hence school administrators are advised to undergo courses in resources management, guide newly recruited teachers, and regular provide didactic materials to staff and stakeholders, with in-service training for staff. Tam Vivian Ekwen | Prof. Fonkeng Epah George "Human Resources Management and School Effectiveness in Government Technical Secondary and High Schools in Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18728.pdf
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The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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tourism related courses for social reproduction and
the transformation of vocational practices (Maclean &
Wilson, 2009). Vocational education and training
(VET) are considered as the best solution to improve
the opportunities of youths who have limited
resources, skills or motivation which enables them to
continue pursuing higher education (Lerman, 2018).
It is against this background that a number of African
nations have mounted various TVET reforms since
the 1990’s. This has led to formulation of policies that
seek to address the social economic challenges faced
by various nations. One major concern of policy
makers is to ensure a TVET system that is relevant
and accessible while addressing issues of quality
(Konayuma, 2008).
Official Kenyan government figures showed that
more than 130 TVETs across the country have no
single students enrolled despite the government
putting billions of shillings to boost technical training
in the country. The data from inquiry report by the
Ministry of Education department of Technical and
Vocational Education showed that a total of 133
institutions have no student enrolled in both technical
and business courses offered in various colleges (The
Nation, 2020).
However, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics
(KNBS) data indicates that enrollment in TVET
doubled from 127,691 in 2012 to 275,139 in 2017.
The Kenya Universities and Colleges Central
Placement Service data for the 2020/2021 academic
cycle likewise indicates that there is still low uptake
of TVET courses despite the ongoing infrastructural
expansion and investment in TVET institutions. For
example, the declared capacity in the TVET
institutions in this 2020/2021 cycle was 276,163
students but only 88,724 applicants were placed,
translating to 32% of the capacity (KUCCPS, 2020).
These figures suggest that there are still many
students who after secondary school do not get
enrolled to any institution of higher education.
Kenya has set an ambitious goal of becoming
industrialized by the year 2030. The availability of
well-educated and relatively well-trained workforce is
regarded as critical to industrialization. To achieve
this goal, Technical, Vocational, Education and
Training (TVET) institutions are charged with the
major responsibility of preparing trainees with
relevant knowledge and skills required in the labour
market in order to enhance their productivity. The
courses offered at different VTC could dictate the
number of students enrolling in such particular
institutions (Ronoh et al., 2014). This study therefore
looks at the relationship between the courses offered
and enrolment to TVET.
The study objective: To determine the relationship
between courses offered and enrolment to TVET in
Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya.
II. Material And Methods
Research design: The study adopted Education
Production Function Theory. The theory postulates
that an increase in enrolment to TVET is dependent
on the inputs such as the type of courses offered in
the TVET institutions. Certain courses had higher
enrolment than others.
Target Population: The study was conducted in
Trans-Nzoia County which has a total of 28 public
vocational training centres. The study targeted a
population of 3121; among them was the Director of
Vocational Training, 28 head of Vocational Training
Centres, 161 trainers and 2931 trainees.
Sampling Procedure and Sample Size: The study
adopted Stratified random sampling which placed the
VTCs into five strata based on the sub-county where
they are located. This technique was the most suitable
since Trans-Nzoia is an extensive county. The use of
stratified sampling also ensured that a representative
sample is obtained. Simple random sampling was
then used to select 3 VTCs form Trans-Nzoia East, 4
VTCs from Trans-Nzoia West, 4 VTCs from
Kiminini, 2 VTCs from Kwanza and 2 VTCs from
Endebess Sub-County. The sampled VTCs
represented slightly above fifty percent of the total
number of institutions. The use of simple random
sampling eliminated bias and allowed sampling error
to be easily estimated. Fifty percent representation
was considered to be representative of the entire
County TVET institutions. Purposive sampling was
used in sampling 15 center managers from the
sampled VTC and one VTC director. The study
Adopted simple random sampling in selecting 108
trainers and 340 trainees from the 15 VTCs.
Table 1: Sample Size
Sample
Group
Populatio
n
Sampl
e Size
Percentag
e
VTC
Director
1 1 100.0
Principal
s
28 15 50.1
Trainers 161 108 67.0
Trainees 2931 340 11.6
Total 3121 463 14.8
Source: Field data (2021).
Research tool: This study used questionnaires and
interview guide. Questionnaires were administered to
Center Managers, trainers and trainees. On the other
hand, the interview was conducted on the TVET
County Director. These tools provided critical
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information that enabled the determination of
influence of infrastructural facilities on access to
TVET to be analyzed.
Data analysis: The study yielded both quantitative
and qualitative data. Quantitative approach used
Descriptive, correlation and inferential statistics for
data analysis. Simple regression analysis and One
way ANOVA was used in hypotheses testing. Data
from questionnaires was first coded and analyzed
using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS
Version 25.0). The processed data was summarized
using tables and figures and presented in frequencies
and percentages. On the other hand, Qualitative data
generated from interview schedules was organized
and presented in accordance with the research
objectives.
III. Result and Discussion
Response rate
A total of 463 questionnaires were distributed to the
targeted participants as follows; 1 to the VTC County
Director, 15 to the Head of VTCs (Centre Managers),
108 to VTC trainers and 340 to trainees. A total 375
questionnaires were returned. Table 1. shows the
number of questionnaires given out to each category
of respondents and the number of questionnaires that
were returned.
Table 2. Response Return Rate
Respondents Questionnaires Dispatched Questionnaires Returned Response Rate%
Head of institutions 15 12 80.0
Trainers 108 90 83.3
Trainees 340 272 80.0
Total 463 374 80.7
Source: Field Data (2021)
Table 2.shows that 374 questionnaires were successfully completed and returned. This translated to a response
rate of 80.7%. Mugenda & Mugenda (2002) suggest that a response rate of 50% is adequate, 60% is good and
70% and above very good for a descriptive survey study. The response rate obtained was therefore considered
reliable for the study. The researcher thus proceeded to analyze and interpret the data.
Background Information of the Respondents
Background information of the respondents for which data was collected included gender, age, number of years
in service, department and highest level of education for the VTC director, Head of VTCs and trainers.
Background information trainees who participated in the study included gender, age and religion. Additionally,
socio-economic background information for trainees was also collected. Background information assisted in
understanding the background characteristics of the respondents. The findings are presented in tables and figure
that follow.
Figure 1: Distribution TVET Trainee according to Sex
According to the findings presented in Figure 2.1, the VTC director who participated in the study was male, out
of the 12 Heads of VTC who took part in the study, 8 were male. There were 90 trainers who participated in the
study, 50 (55.6%) of the trainers were male while 40 (44.4%) of the trainers were female. 272 of the respondents
were VTC trainees, out of which 147 (54.0%) were male and 125 (46.0%) were female.
Distribution of TVET Trainees, Trainers and Head of VTCs based on Age
This section presents the age of the respondents who participated in the study. Table 3 presents the age of
trainees.
VTC
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Table 3: Distribution of TVET Trainee based on Age
Variable Frequency Percent
Age bracket 15-18yrs 117 42.9
19-21yrs 60 22.2
22-24yrs 54 20.0
25 yrs and above 41 14.9
Total 272 100
Source: Field Data (2021)
The findings in table 3. show that majority of the TVET trainees were aged between 15 and 18 years (n=117,
42.9%), which could imply that these cohort of TVET trainees are the ones who failed to proceed to secondary
school even with emphasis on 100% transition. This informs policy implementors to make a follow-up on 100%
transition policy. A total of 41 (14.9%) of the respondents are from age 25 years and above, Again, TVET
education is flexible as anyone can join in any time. This is according to ministry of education task force on the
re-alignment of the education sector to the constitution of Kenya 2010 towards a globally competitive quality
education for sustainable development (2012) report. Further, 83 (22.2%) respondents were aged between 19 and
21 years while 75 (20.0%) respondents were aged between 22 and 24 years.
Table 4: Distribution of TVET Trainers based on Age
Age bracket Frequency Percent
Below 30 years 6 2.3
31-40 years 48 47.2
41-50 years 34 33.4
51-60 years 12 11.7
60 years and above 1 1.4
Not Indicated 4 4.0
Total 101 100
Source: Field Data (2021)
Table 4 presents data on distribution of trainers based the ages. Majority of the trainer respondents (48) 47.2%
were 31-40 years old, 34 (33.4%) were aged 41-50 years, 12 (11.7%) were between 51-60 years while only 6
(2.3%) were below 30 years. There was only one trainer who indicated to be 60 years and above. It was also
noted that 4 respondents did not indicate their age bracket.
Table 5: Distribution of TVET Head of VTCs based on Age
Age bracket Frequency Percent
Below 30 years 0 0
31-40 years 7 58.3
41-50 years 4 33.4
51-60 years 1 8.3
60 years and above 0 0
Total 12 100
Source: Field Data (2021)
Table 5 presents data on distribution of head of VTCs based their ages. Most of the respondents (7)58.3% were
31-40 years old, 4 (33.4%) were aged 41-50 years, and 1 (8.3%) was between 51-60 years. None of the heads of
the VTCs was below 30 years and above 60 years. These findings indicate all the head of institutions were both
energetic and experienced.
Head of VTCs and Trainer’s Work Experience and Level of Education
The study also collected information on work experience of trainers and their highest professional qualification.
The findings were presented in table 6 and table 7 respectively.
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Table 6: Head of VTCs and Trainers Work Experience
Work experience Frequency Percent
1 year and below 3 2.7
2-5 years 24 24.2
6-10 years 44 43.1
11 years and above 25 24.8
Not indicated 5 5.2
Total 101 100
Source: Field Data (2021)
Table 7: Head of VTCs and Trainers Highest Professional Qualification
Professional Qualification Frequency Percent
Artisan/ craft Certificate 31 30.6
Diploma 45 44.4
Higher Diploma 3 2.8
Degree 17 16.7
Post graduate 3 2.8
Not indicated 3 2.7
Total 101 100
Source: Field Data (2021)
Table 7 shows that majority 44(43.1%) of the head of VTCs and trainers have work experience of 6 -10years and
therefore, are in a better position to inform on institutional factors that influence access to TVET. Forty-five
head of VTCs and trainers (44.4%) had their highest professional qualification as diploma. This means that most
head of VTCs and trainers had attained the minimum (diploma) level of qualification required to teach and
provide instruction in public VTCs as outlined in TVETA guidelines.
Courses offered in Technical and Vocational Training and Education.
Table 8 presents the distribution of trainees according to the courses enrolled.
Table 8 Distribution of Trainees According to the Courses Enrolled In VTCs In Trans-Nzoia County
Course
Frequency
Frequency Percentage
Male Female
Clothing, textile and Fashion 12 31 43 15.8
Electricals / Electronics 35 3 38 14.0
Building and construction (masonry) 30 6 36 13.2
ICT 8 26 34 12.5
Hairdressing and Beauty 5 27 32 11.8
Plumbing / Pipe Fitting 21 5 26 9.6
Others 5 16 21 7.7
Motor Vehicle Mechanics 14 5 19 7.0
Carpentry and metal work 12 6 18 6.6
Metal Processing 4 1 5 1.8
Totals 147 125 272 100.0
Source: Field Data, 2021
Popular Courses in TVET Based on Enrolment per Course between 2017-2020
Trainee enrollments per courses in TVET from the year 2017 to 2020 are presented in figure 2. below. The
figure shows that there has been a continuous rise in enrolment to TVET since 2017. The course that had the
largest enrolment was clothing, fashion and design.
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Figure 2: Trainees enrolment to VTCs in Trans-Nzoia County between 2017-2020
Table 9: Descriptive result on influence of type and variety of course offered on access to TVET by
Head of VTC.
Statement SA A UD D SD Mean
Marketability and industrial needs of
courses offered affects access to TVETs
7
(58.3%)
2
(16.7%)
2
(16.7%)
1
(8.3%)
0
(0.0%)
1.75
Type of course influences enrolment
3
(25.0%)
6
(50.0%)
2
(16.7%)
1
(8.3%)
0
(0.0%)
2.08
Lack of certain courses in the institution
limits enrolment
0
(0.0%)
7
(58.3%)
1
(8.3%)
3
(25.0%)
1
(8.3%)
2.8
Availability of Courses accredited by
TVETA influences access to TVETs
0
(0.0%)
2
(16.7%)
2
(16.7%)
6
(50.0%)
2
(16.7%)
3.67
Key: SA-Strongly agree, A-Agree, UD- Undecided, D-Disagree SD- Strongly Disagree.
Results from table 9 indicated that more than half (n=7, 58%) of the heads of institution respondents strongly
agreed that marketability and industrial needs of courses offered affects access to TVETs, 2 (17%) heads of
institution agreed that marketability and industrial needs of courses offered affects access to TVETs however 1
(8%) disagreed that marketability and industrial needs of courses offered affects access to TVETs.
Three quarters of the heads of institution (n=9, 75 %) agreed or strongly agreed that the type of course influences
enrolment, 3 (25%) heads of institution strongly agreed that type of course influences enrolment and 6 (50%)
heads of institution strongly agreed that type of course influences enrolment. 7 (58 %) agreed that type of course
influences enrolment.
On the other hand, more than half of the heads of institution (n=8, 67 %) disagreed or stronglydisagreed that the
type of course influences enrolment 2 (17%) heads of institution strongly disagreed that type of course
2017
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influences enrolment and 6 (50%) heads of institution strongly disagreed that type of course influences
enrolment.
Correlation Matrix for the Courses Offered and Access to TVET
On further analysis the study sought to find out if there was a statistically significant relationship between
courses offered and access to TVET. To compute this, an inferential statistic was applied to test the Pearson
Product Moment correlation relation between course enrollment and mean annual between 2017 and 2020 at
95% confidence level and the results were summarized in table 10
Table 10: Summary of the Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis for the relationship between
course enrollment and mean annual enrolment for 2017-2020
Pearson Correlation Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
Pearson
Correlation
Mean annual enrollment 1 - -
ICT 0.989 0.001 102
Motor Vehicle Mechanics 0.972 0.003 102
Building and construction (masonry) 0.997 0.000 102
Metal Processing 0.99 0.001 102
Carpentry and metal work 0.982 0.001 102
Electricals / Electronics 0.961 0.005 102
Food and beverage 0.991 0.001 102
Others 0.983 0.001 102
Plumbing / Pipe Fitting 0.993 0.00 102
Hairdressing and Beauty 0.989 0.001 102
Clothing, textile and Fashion 0.977 0.002 102
According to Table 10, all the Pearson product moment correlation index obtained on the relationship between
course enrollment and mean annual enrolment in TVETs were positive and high. Building and construction
(masonry) had an index of 0.997 (ρ<0.0001 at α = 0.05), Plumbing / Pipe Fitting had an index of 0.993
(ρ<0.0001 at α = 0.05), Food and beverage had an index of 0.991 (ρ=0.001 at α = 0.05), ICT had an index of
0.989 (ρ=0.001 at α =0.05), Metal Processing had an index of 0.990 (ρ=0.001 at α = 0.05), Hairdressing and
Beauty had an index of 0.989 (ρ=0.001 at α = 0.05), Carpentry and metal work had an index of 0.991 (ρ=0.001
at α = 0.05), Clothing, textile and Fashion had an index of 0.977 (ρ=0.002 at α = 0.05), Motor Vehicle
Mechanics had an index of 0.972 (ρ=0.003 at α = 0.05) and Electricals / Electronics had an index of 0.961
(ρ=0.005 at α = 0.05). Based on these findings the study went further to compute regression analysis.
Regression Model for Course Enrollment and Mean Annual Enrolment
Regression analyses are a set of techniques that can enable us to assess the ability of an independent variable(s)
to predict the dependent variable(s). As part of the analysis therefore, regression analysis was done. The study
created a regression model
Table 11: Coefficientsa
, ANOVAb
and MODEL Summary
Model
Model
Standardized
Coefficients T Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) .224 0.047 1.212 .000
ICT .142 .249 .132 0.569 .005
Motor Vehicle Mechanics .083 .187 .079 4.187 .003
Building and construction (masonry) .175 .132 .154 5.097 .001
Metal Processing .098 .979 .078 8.696 .001
Carpentry and metal work .128 .891 .094 9.373 .000
Electricals / Electronics .121 .788 .103 7.121 .000
Food and beverage .291 .043 .272 7.879 .001
Others .184 .035 .167 6.601 .000
Plumbing / Pipe Fitting .083 .044 .061 9.668 .003
Hairdressing and Beauty .156 .251 .143 10.582 .000
Clothing, textile and Fashion .965 .253 .751 6.253 .002
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R .911a
R Square .902
ANOVAb
F 143.645
Sig. .000a
A. Predictors: (Constant), ICT, Motor Vehicle
Mechanics, Building and construction (masonry),
Metal Processing, Carpentry and metal work,
Electricals / Electronics, Food and beverage,
Others, Plumbing / Pipe Fitting, Hairdressing and
Beauty, Clothing, textile and Fashion
B. Dependent Variable: mean annual enrolment.
From Table 10, it is clear that the R value was 0.911
showing a positive relationship. The coefficient of
determination R2 value was 0.902. This shows that
90.2 per cent of the variance in dependent variable
(mean annual enrollment.) was explained and
predicted by independent variables (course
enrolment). The F-statistics produced (F = 143.645)
and (t= 1.212) were significant at 5 per cent level
(ρ<0.0001), thus confirming the fitness of the model
and therefore, there is statistically significant
relationship course offered and access to TVET. From
the Regression Model and Based on this table, the
equation for the regression line is:
Y (mean annual enrollment/access) = α + β1 ICT+ β2
Motor Vehicle Mechanics+ β3 Building and
construction (masonry) + β4 Metal Processing,
Carpentry and metal work + β5 Electricals /
Electronics + β6 Food and beverage + β7 Others + β8
Plumbing / Pipe Fitting + β9 Hairdressing and Beauty
+ β10 Clothing + β11 textile and Fashion + e
Thus;
Y (mean annual enrollment/access) = 0.224 + 0.142
ICT+ 0.083 Motor Vehicle Mechanics+ 0.175
Building and construction (masonry) + 0.098 Metal
Processing +0. 128 Carpentry and metal work + 0.121
Electricals / Electronics + 0.291 Food and beverage +
0.184 others + 0.083 Plumbing / Pipe Fitting +
0.156Hairdressing and Beauty + 0.965 Clothing,
textile and Fashion + e
The second null hypothesis stated that
Ho2: There is no statistically significant
relationship between courses offered and access to
TVET in Trans-Nzoia County.
To test the hypothesis at 0.05 significant levels the
regression model was created at 95% confidence
level. The F-statistics produced (F = 143.645) was
significant at 5 per cent level (ρ<0.0001), thus
confirming that at least one of the predictors was
useful for predicting annual mean enrolment (access)
to TVET, therefore, there is statistically significant
relationship between course offered and access to
TVET. The study rejected the null hypothesis, indeed
the course offered affected access (mean annual
enrollment) to TVET.
IV. Conclusion
There were courses that were more popular with
trainees attending to vocational training centers.
Analysis of the influence of type of courses offered
indicated that there was a positive correlation
between the type of course offered and enrolment to
TVET. More resources should be channeled to the
popular courses and popularization be mounted on the
least popular courses in order to boost enrolment to
TVET.
References
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[2] Kiplangat T.M. (2020) Determinants of
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in Elgeyo-Marakwet County, Kenya.
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[3] Kothari, C., (2008). Research methodology:
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[9] Sanga, I. (2016). Education for self-reliance:
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[10] UNESCO. (n.d.). Promoting learning for the
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