A case study of foreign involvement in the
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This document analyzes foreign involvement in Syria from a neo-realist perspective. It discusses the US and Russian interventions and their motivations, which included pursuing their own strategic interests, maintaining security, and countering each other's influence in the region. The civil war created a power vacuum that regional and global powers sought to fill. The US and Russia both aimed to control resources and alliances. While their actions were driven by self-interest in the anarchic system, liberal elements were also present in agreements and UN involvement.
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The document discusses the Ukraine crisis between Russia and Western countries in 2014. It summarizes that former Ukrainian president Yanukovych abandoned a trade deal with the EU in favor of an investment agreement with Russia, sparking mass protests. Russia then annexed Crimea after a referendum, threatening Ukraine's territorial integrity. The crisis highlighted a power struggle between Russia seeking to maintain influence and the West supporting Ukrainian sovereignty. International relations theories of realism and defensive/offensive approaches help explain Russia's aggressive actions under Putin to regain regional power lost after the Soviet Union's collapse.
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This document summarizes Joe Twinem's paper analyzing the causes of the 1980 Iran-Iraq war. Twinem argues that two main factors contributed to the outbreak of war: 1) A significant power transition resulting from the Iranian revolution that weakened Iran relative to Iraq, giving Iraq an opportunity to pursue territorial expansion. 2) Cultural differences between Shiite Iran and Sunni Iraq that created distrust and tensions, exacerbated by Iran agitating Iraqi Sunnis. Twinem applies power transition theory and analyzes how the dramatic decline in Iranian power, combined with religious divisions, made war more likely as Iraq sought to counter Iranian influence.
An Analysis of the Interests of the United States in the Syrian Conflict
An Analysis of the Interests of the United States in the Syrian ConflictInternational Journal of Arts and Social Science
As the only superpower in the world, the fundamental interest of the United States in the Syrian conflict
is to maintain its superpower status. Guided by this principle, the United States has important interests in Syria:
Toppling or at least the long-term weakening of the Syrian Assad regime; Containing Russian and Iranian
influence in Syria; Fighting terrorism such as ISIS to prevent Syria from becoming a terrorist base; Opposing the
Syrian government’s use of chemical weapons; Supporting Syrian Kurdish forces on the basis of not breaking with
Turkey, etc. Interest is the unity of needs and means to realize them. With the development of the situation in Syria,
the ability of the United States to fulfill its needs is also changing, which leads to the differences of its main
interests in different historical periods of the Syrian conflict, not only in the content of interests, but also in the
priority of interests. In the Syrian conflict, the constant changes in the important interests of the United States
show that the United States is increasingly unable to safeguard its superpower statusThe foreign policy of Islamic Republic of Iran toward Central Asia and how it...
The foreign policy of Islamic Republic of Iran toward Central Asia and how it...International Center for Research & Development
This document analyzes the foreign policy of Iran toward Central Asia and how it has been influenced by confrontations with the United States. It discusses key interests and objectives of both Iran and the US in the region. The US seeks to limit Russian and Iranian influence, control radical Islamic tendencies, and dominate the consumer and military market. Iran aims to establish itself as an economic transit route, source of raw materials, and bridge between Central Asia and global markets. Confrontations with the US have politically, economically, and culturally undermined Iran's relations with Central Asia through policies aimed at isolating Iran.NameInstitutionCourse Academic term Critical thinking pape.docx
Name
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Course
Academic term
Critical thinking paper
Although the United States and the Middle East are physically apart, the United States has influenced the region more than any other country in the world. From strategic interests, competition with the Soviet Union and now Russia, American relationship with the region has ranged from diplomatic friendship to costly wars. Strong cultural ties between the United States and the Middle East, its economic interest in pursuit if the region’s oil reserves and the question of American- Israeli relations have also contributed to America’s foreign policy towards the region and how Arabs view Americans. The top three issues that have significantly contributed to my understanding of this course are the Palestine -Israeli conflict, the war on terrorism, and prevention of nuclear proliferation and weapons of mass destruction.
The Palestine-Israel conflict is perhaps one of the main issues that have contributed to the understanding of the relationship between the United States and the Middle East. This conflict started in 1917 when Britain was given the mandate to create a national home for the Jews by the Balfour declaration. The Arabs resented the movement of Jews into their land, while the Jews claimed that Palestine was their original home. After the Holocaust, the United Nations divided the region of Palestine into two states, one for the Arabs and the other for Jews, but the Arabs rejected the move and a series of conflict started. This conflict has been characterized by terror raids into Israeli territories and Israeli reprisals[footnoteRef:2]. [2: Mark Green, ed., Persecution, Privilege & Power: Reconsidering the Zionist Narrative in American Life, Thirty Essential Articles on the Most Pressing Issue of our Time (2007):]
This conflict is of major significance to American relationship with the Middle East because the United States has continuously supported what the Arabs call the Zionist regime, while Arab nations have always backed Palestine. American support for Israel has come in the form of foreign aid and military equipment, but this has made American relationship with other Arab countries and Palestine a problematic one[footnoteRef:3]. The United States stance to veto an appeal for the creation of an Islamic state by Mahmuod Abbas has contributed to worsen the relationship between the United States and the Middle East. Israel has been accused of killing Palestinians, destroying villages, restricting movement in the West Bank region, destroying olive gardens, assassinating Palestinian leaders and continuing with settlement of Palestinian territories. These acts have been condemned by Arabs nations as acts of terrorism and since the United States is a key ally of Israel, Palestinians perceive it as supporting acts of terrorism. [3: Mearsheimer, John J., and Stephen M. Walt. 2007. The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. http://catalog..
US Foreign Policy in Middle East Problems and Perspectives
In this article, the author examines what role the Middle East region plays in the foreign strategy of the United States of America and the main approaches of the US administrations to the region. It also provides recommendations on the future behavioral role of the United States in the Middle East. Fuzail Makhmudov "US Foreign Policy in Middle East: Problems and Perspectives" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47943.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/47943/us-foreign-policy-in-middle-east-problems-and-perspectives/fuzail-makhmudov
U.S. Russia relations in the Syrian Conflict
This document analyzes US-Russian relations regarding the Syria crisis. It provides background on Russia's foreign policy goals of maintaining influence in former Soviet states. Russia views Syria as a key ally and has provided military support to Assad since 2015, opposing calls to remove him. While both countries view ISIS as a threat, their approaches to resolving the Syrian conflict differ. As the war continues, attention is shifting to a political settlement, but tensions remain between the US and Russia over their competing interests in Syria.
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Iran wants to avoid direct conflict with Saudi Arabia for several reasons:
1) Iran sees the tensions between itself and Saudi Arabia as largely resulting from US presence in the region, which threatens Iranian security interests.
2) Iran is pursuing a policy of regional cooperation and diplomatic solutions to issues like Syria to reduce justification for US military intervention.
3) Maintaining patience and avoiding tension with Saudi Arabia helps deter Saudi efforts to draw the US into greater military involvement in the region against Iranian interests.
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The document discusses the Ukraine crisis between Russia and Western countries in 2014. It summarizes that former Ukrainian president Yanukovych abandoned a trade deal with the EU in favor of an investment agreement with Russia, sparking mass protests. Russia then annexed Crimea after a referendum, threatening Ukraine's territorial integrity. The crisis highlighted a power struggle between Russia seeking to maintain influence and the West supporting Ukrainian sovereignty. International relations theories of realism and defensive/offensive approaches help explain Russia's aggressive actions under Putin to regain regional power lost after the Soviet Union's collapse.
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This document summarizes Joe Twinem's paper analyzing the causes of the 1980 Iran-Iraq war. Twinem argues that two main factors contributed to the outbreak of war: 1) A significant power transition resulting from the Iranian revolution that weakened Iran relative to Iraq, giving Iraq an opportunity to pursue territorial expansion. 2) Cultural differences between Shiite Iran and Sunni Iraq that created distrust and tensions, exacerbated by Iran agitating Iraqi Sunnis. Twinem applies power transition theory and analyzes how the dramatic decline in Iranian power, combined with religious divisions, made war more likely as Iraq sought to counter Iranian influence.
An Analysis of the Interests of the United States in the Syrian Conflict
An Analysis of the Interests of the United States in the Syrian ConflictInternational Journal of Arts and Social Science
As the only superpower in the world, the fundamental interest of the United States in the Syrian conflict
is to maintain its superpower status. Guided by this principle, the United States has important interests in Syria:
Toppling or at least the long-term weakening of the Syrian Assad regime; Containing Russian and Iranian
influence in Syria; Fighting terrorism such as ISIS to prevent Syria from becoming a terrorist base; Opposing the
Syrian government’s use of chemical weapons; Supporting Syrian Kurdish forces on the basis of not breaking with
Turkey, etc. Interest is the unity of needs and means to realize them. With the development of the situation in Syria,
the ability of the United States to fulfill its needs is also changing, which leads to the differences of its main
interests in different historical periods of the Syrian conflict, not only in the content of interests, but also in the
priority of interests. In the Syrian conflict, the constant changes in the important interests of the United States
show that the United States is increasingly unable to safeguard its superpower statusThe foreign policy of Islamic Republic of Iran toward Central Asia and how it...
The foreign policy of Islamic Republic of Iran toward Central Asia and how it...International Center for Research & Development
This document analyzes the foreign policy of Iran toward Central Asia and how it has been influenced by confrontations with the United States. It discusses key interests and objectives of both Iran and the US in the region. The US seeks to limit Russian and Iranian influence, control radical Islamic tendencies, and dominate the consumer and military market. Iran aims to establish itself as an economic transit route, source of raw materials, and bridge between Central Asia and global markets. Confrontations with the US have politically, economically, and culturally undermined Iran's relations with Central Asia through policies aimed at isolating Iran.NameInstitutionCourse Academic term Critical thinking pape.docx
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Although the United States and the Middle East are physically apart, the United States has influenced the region more than any other country in the world. From strategic interests, competition with the Soviet Union and now Russia, American relationship with the region has ranged from diplomatic friendship to costly wars. Strong cultural ties between the United States and the Middle East, its economic interest in pursuit if the region’s oil reserves and the question of American- Israeli relations have also contributed to America’s foreign policy towards the region and how Arabs view Americans. The top three issues that have significantly contributed to my understanding of this course are the Palestine -Israeli conflict, the war on terrorism, and prevention of nuclear proliferation and weapons of mass destruction.
The Palestine-Israel conflict is perhaps one of the main issues that have contributed to the understanding of the relationship between the United States and the Middle East. This conflict started in 1917 when Britain was given the mandate to create a national home for the Jews by the Balfour declaration. The Arabs resented the movement of Jews into their land, while the Jews claimed that Palestine was their original home. After the Holocaust, the United Nations divided the region of Palestine into two states, one for the Arabs and the other for Jews, but the Arabs rejected the move and a series of conflict started. This conflict has been characterized by terror raids into Israeli territories and Israeli reprisals[footnoteRef:2]. [2: Mark Green, ed., Persecution, Privilege & Power: Reconsidering the Zionist Narrative in American Life, Thirty Essential Articles on the Most Pressing Issue of our Time (2007):]
This conflict is of major significance to American relationship with the Middle East because the United States has continuously supported what the Arabs call the Zionist regime, while Arab nations have always backed Palestine. American support for Israel has come in the form of foreign aid and military equipment, but this has made American relationship with other Arab countries and Palestine a problematic one[footnoteRef:3]. The United States stance to veto an appeal for the creation of an Islamic state by Mahmuod Abbas has contributed to worsen the relationship between the United States and the Middle East. Israel has been accused of killing Palestinians, destroying villages, restricting movement in the West Bank region, destroying olive gardens, assassinating Palestinian leaders and continuing with settlement of Palestinian territories. These acts have been condemned by Arabs nations as acts of terrorism and since the United States is a key ally of Israel, Palestinians perceive it as supporting acts of terrorism. [3: Mearsheimer, John J., and Stephen M. Walt. 2007. The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. http://catalog..
US Foreign Policy in Middle East Problems and Perspectives
In this article, the author examines what role the Middle East region plays in the foreign strategy of the United States of America and the main approaches of the US administrations to the region. It also provides recommendations on the future behavioral role of the United States in the Middle East. Fuzail Makhmudov "US Foreign Policy in Middle East: Problems and Perspectives" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47943.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/47943/us-foreign-policy-in-middle-east-problems-and-perspectives/fuzail-makhmudov
U.S. Russia relations in the Syrian Conflict
This document analyzes US-Russian relations regarding the Syria crisis. It provides background on Russia's foreign policy goals of maintaining influence in former Soviet states. Russia views Syria as a key ally and has provided military support to Assad since 2015, opposing calls to remove him. While both countries view ISIS as a threat, their approaches to resolving the Syrian conflict differ. As the war continues, attention is shifting to a political settlement, but tensions remain between the US and Russia over their competing interests in Syria.
Why iran wants to avoid conflict with saudi arabia
Iran wants to avoid direct conflict with Saudi Arabia for several reasons:
1) Iran sees the tensions between itself and Saudi Arabia as largely resulting from US presence in the region, which threatens Iranian security interests.
2) Iran is pursuing a policy of regional cooperation and diplomatic solutions to issues like Syria to reduce justification for US military intervention.
3) Maintaining patience and avoiding tension with Saudi Arabia helps deter Saudi efforts to draw the US into greater military involvement in the region against Iranian interests.
The New Cold War, Leo Rassieur
Research paper composed by Leo Rassieur with the mentorship of Gokh Alshaif at the University of California, Santa Barbara
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ABSTRACT: Many have called the current relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia a cold war. In an article in "The National Interest", Mohammed Ayoob refers to the competition between the two as "a new cold war" [Ayoob, 2013]. The relationship betweenIran and Saudi Arabia for the last three and a half decades has been tumultuous at best, so talk of conflict between these two countries isn’t anything new. The conflict is occasionally given more visibility to the rest of the world by media attention and political analysis, but it’s typically overshadowed by other newsworthy events elsewhere. However, now it looks like their infighting has expanded to full out aggression. The upsizing in military might have major and long-lasting consequences for many of the people that live in the Middle East. Current events related to the conflict between the two countries risk creating a new border system to emerge. The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are fully responsible for the birth, development, and shaping of the coming borders. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the background of the conflictbetween Iran and SaudiArabia; a conflict with a Middle Eastern instability and danger of secessions in the region as part of the consequences. It is intended to provide a highlighting of the twocountries’ hugeinternalchallenges and thus the need to externalenemies in the form of intensifying the historicalShia-Sunniconflict.
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Mingzhi HuFirst Paper352020POLS 203Applicati.docx
Mingzhi Hu
First Paper
3/5/2020
POLS 203
Application of Realism Theory on Civil war in Syria and International Relations
International relation can be best understood through the various schools of thought or
rather theories. They are significant in giving a comprehensive detail of the constructs that make
international relations. Realism theory still remains one of the most influential tools in
understanding events related to international relations. This is because it provides a pragmatic
approach in examining current events in the sphere of international relations (Maghroori, pg. 17).
Realism is divided into three subdivisions, seeking to explain causes of state conflict. This
include classical realism that argues that the conflict comes from the nature of man, neorealist
which associates conflict the elements of the state, and neoclassical realism which associates it to
both human nature and elements of the state. This school of thought is grounded on some
fundamental principles that make the core of its arguments.
The first assumption in realism is the idea that a country, usually referred to as a state,
serves as the main actor in international relations. It acknowledges the fact that there are other
actors like individuals and organizations, which have limited influence (Maghroori 11).
Secondly, the state is considered a unitary player, which is expected to work harmoniously, with
regard to matters of national interest. In addition, realists believe that the people who make
decisions are rational players, since this rationality is required in pursuing the interest of the
nation. In essence, the leaders are believed to understand these assumptions regardless of their
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
But selfish
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
What do you mean by "work harmoniously"
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
It is not clear what this sentence means.
political position, so ensure their sustainability and continuity. Consequently, it is assumed that
states exist in an anarchy context, where there is no single international leader. In this
theorization, the role of nature in influencing human action is not ignored. It asserts that nature
influence people to continue acting in repetitive tendencies. In this assumption, it comes out that
people desire power because of the egoistic nature. The innate selfishness of human beings,
mistrust and their thirst for power explains the unpredicted consequences that can result from
their actions (Maghroori 20). Such human tendencies can explain the unending wars among
nations. Bearing the fact that nations are governed by human beings, their nature contributes
largely to their behavioral tendencies, which in turn influence its security.
Realist therefore assume that leaders have the responsibility to promote the security of
their country in all fronts. This can be realized through consta ...
Mingzhi HuFirst Paper352020POLS 203Applicati.docx
Mingzhi Hu
First Paper
3/5/2020
POLS 203
Application of Realism Theory on Civil war in Syria and International Relations
International relation can be best understood through the various schools of thought or
rather theories. They are significant in giving a comprehensive detail of the constructs that make
international relations. Realism theory still remains one of the most influential tools in
understanding events related to international relations. This is because it provides a pragmatic
approach in examining current events in the sphere of international relations (Maghroori, pg. 17).
Realism is divided into three subdivisions, seeking to explain causes of state conflict. This
include classical realism that argues that the conflict comes from the nature of man, neorealist
which associates conflict the elements of the state, and neoclassical realism which associates it to
both human nature and elements of the state. This school of thought is grounded on some
fundamental principles that make the core of its arguments.
The first assumption in realism is the idea that a country, usually referred to as a state,
serves as the main actor in international relations. It acknowledges the fact that there are other
actors like individuals and organizations, which have limited influence (Maghroori 11).
Secondly, the state is considered a unitary player, which is expected to work harmoniously, with
regard to matters of national interest. In addition, realists believe that the people who make
decisions are rational players, since this rationality is required in pursuing the interest of the
nation. In essence, the leaders are believed to understand these assumptions regardless of their
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
But selfish
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
What do you mean by "work harmoniously"
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
It is not clear what this sentence means.
political position, so ensure their sustainability and continuity. Consequently, it is assumed that
states exist in an anarchy context, where there is no single international leader. In this
theorization, the role of nature in influencing human action is not ignored. It asserts that nature
influence people to continue acting in repetitive tendencies. In this assumption, it comes out that
people desire power because of the egoistic nature. The innate selfishness of human beings,
mistrust and their thirst for power explains the unpredicted consequences that can result from
their actions (Maghroori 20). Such human tendencies can explain the unending wars among
nations. Bearing the fact that nations are governed by human beings, their nature contributes
largely to their behavioral tendencies, which in turn influence its security.
Realist therefore assume that leaders have the responsibility to promote the security of
their country in all fronts. This can be realized through consta.
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Syria
This document discusses the conflict in Syria and how it has become internationalized. It argues that while the conflict began as political and reformist at the local level, the Syrian regime shifted it to a regional sectarian conflict and then an international pragmatic conflict by including sectarian forces and accusing the opposition of sectarianism. This gave international powers an opportunity to seize control and manage the conflict for their own strategic interests, prolonging it and keeping it at a balance to drain Syria's resources. The document suggests Iran, Russia, and the US have an agreement to share roles in managing the conflict at the expense of Syrian lives and preventing the international community from intervening. It concludes that Syria's revolution is now subject to international intrigue and
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How the USA has been Superpower in the Unipolar World practicing monopolistic power upon the whole world politically, martially, economically and diplomatically has been shown throughout the paper.
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The document summarizes the key impacts and implications of the ongoing Syrian civil war. At the national level, the war has devastated Syria and its people, resulting in over 470,000 deaths, over half the population being displaced, severe damage to infrastructure and the economy. Regionally, the war has increased tensions and the refugee crisis has financially and security burdened neighboring countries. Globally, the political vacuum has increased Russian influence, the refugee crisis is one of the largest since WWII, and the rise of extremist groups impacts global security. For Bangladesh, instability in the Middle East poses challenges but also opportunities for post-conflict reconstruction.
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ABSTRACT: Many have called the current relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia a cold war. In an article in "The National Interest", Mohammed Ayoob refers to the competition between the two as "a new cold war" [Ayoob, 2013]. The relationship betweenIran and Saudi Arabia for the last three and a half decades has been tumultuous at best, so talk of conflict between these two countries isn’t anything new. The conflict is occasionally given more visibility to the rest of the world by media attention and political analysis, but it’s typically overshadowed by other newsworthy events elsewhere. However, now it looks like their infighting has expanded to full out aggression. The upsizing in military might have major and long-lasting consequences for many of the people that live in the Middle East. Current events related to the conflict between the two countries risk creating a new border system to emerge. The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are fully responsible for the birth, development, and shaping of the coming borders. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the background of the conflictbetween Iran and SaudiArabia; a conflict with a Middle Eastern instability and danger of secessions in the region as part of the consequences. It is intended to provide a highlighting of the twocountries’ hugeinternalchallenges and thus the need to externalenemies in the form of intensifying the historicalShia-Sunniconflict.
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Mingzhi HuFirst Paper352020POLS 203Applicati.docx
Mingzhi Hu
First Paper
3/5/2020
POLS 203
Application of Realism Theory on Civil war in Syria and International Relations
International relation can be best understood through the various schools of thought or
rather theories. They are significant in giving a comprehensive detail of the constructs that make
international relations. Realism theory still remains one of the most influential tools in
understanding events related to international relations. This is because it provides a pragmatic
approach in examining current events in the sphere of international relations (Maghroori, pg. 17).
Realism is divided into three subdivisions, seeking to explain causes of state conflict. This
include classical realism that argues that the conflict comes from the nature of man, neorealist
which associates conflict the elements of the state, and neoclassical realism which associates it to
both human nature and elements of the state. This school of thought is grounded on some
fundamental principles that make the core of its arguments.
The first assumption in realism is the idea that a country, usually referred to as a state,
serves as the main actor in international relations. It acknowledges the fact that there are other
actors like individuals and organizations, which have limited influence (Maghroori 11).
Secondly, the state is considered a unitary player, which is expected to work harmoniously, with
regard to matters of national interest. In addition, realists believe that the people who make
decisions are rational players, since this rationality is required in pursuing the interest of the
nation. In essence, the leaders are believed to understand these assumptions regardless of their
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
But selfish
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
What do you mean by "work harmoniously"
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
It is not clear what this sentence means.
political position, so ensure their sustainability and continuity. Consequently, it is assumed that
states exist in an anarchy context, where there is no single international leader. In this
theorization, the role of nature in influencing human action is not ignored. It asserts that nature
influence people to continue acting in repetitive tendencies. In this assumption, it comes out that
people desire power because of the egoistic nature. The innate selfishness of human beings,
mistrust and their thirst for power explains the unpredicted consequences that can result from
their actions (Maghroori 20). Such human tendencies can explain the unending wars among
nations. Bearing the fact that nations are governed by human beings, their nature contributes
largely to their behavioral tendencies, which in turn influence its security.
Realist therefore assume that leaders have the responsibility to promote the security of
their country in all fronts. This can be realized through consta ...
Mingzhi HuFirst Paper352020POLS 203Applicati.docx
Mingzhi Hu
First Paper
3/5/2020
POLS 203
Application of Realism Theory on Civil war in Syria and International Relations
International relation can be best understood through the various schools of thought or
rather theories. They are significant in giving a comprehensive detail of the constructs that make
international relations. Realism theory still remains one of the most influential tools in
understanding events related to international relations. This is because it provides a pragmatic
approach in examining current events in the sphere of international relations (Maghroori, pg. 17).
Realism is divided into three subdivisions, seeking to explain causes of state conflict. This
include classical realism that argues that the conflict comes from the nature of man, neorealist
which associates conflict the elements of the state, and neoclassical realism which associates it to
both human nature and elements of the state. This school of thought is grounded on some
fundamental principles that make the core of its arguments.
The first assumption in realism is the idea that a country, usually referred to as a state,
serves as the main actor in international relations. It acknowledges the fact that there are other
actors like individuals and organizations, which have limited influence (Maghroori 11).
Secondly, the state is considered a unitary player, which is expected to work harmoniously, with
regard to matters of national interest. In addition, realists believe that the people who make
decisions are rational players, since this rationality is required in pursuing the interest of the
nation. In essence, the leaders are believed to understand these assumptions regardless of their
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
But selfish
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
What do you mean by "work harmoniously"
Laci Hubbard-Mattix
90000004849605
It is not clear what this sentence means.
political position, so ensure their sustainability and continuity. Consequently, it is assumed that
states exist in an anarchy context, where there is no single international leader. In this
theorization, the role of nature in influencing human action is not ignored. It asserts that nature
influence people to continue acting in repetitive tendencies. In this assumption, it comes out that
people desire power because of the egoistic nature. The innate selfishness of human beings,
mistrust and their thirst for power explains the unpredicted consequences that can result from
their actions (Maghroori 20). Such human tendencies can explain the unending wars among
nations. Bearing the fact that nations are governed by human beings, their nature contributes
largely to their behavioral tendencies, which in turn influence its security.
Realist therefore assume that leaders have the responsibility to promote the security of
their country in all fronts. This can be realized through consta.
GSSR-Vol.-3-Iss.-1
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US Foreign Policy towards Russia
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soft and hard power
1) The document discusses the concepts of hard power and soft power in international relations. Hard power refers to military and economic coercion, while soft power involves diplomacy and cultural influence to gain consent without imposition.
2) It provides examples of the limitations of hard power, like the US facing challenges in Vietnam and Iraq, despite overwhelming military strength. Overreliance on hard power can reduce a nation's influence and breed opposition.
3) Soft power involves cooperation and appealing to other nations through cultural and ideological attraction rather than threats. The US emerged as a global hegemon after WWII by employing soft power through initiatives like the Marshall Plan to counter Soviet influence and promote democracy and American values abroad.
Rand pe340
Russia has pursued an opportunistic strategy in the Middle East since the 2000s by emphasizing pragmatic economic cooperation and non-ideological geopolitical engagement. This approach has brought some successes for Russia, including greater influence and a seat at regional negotiations. However, Russia faces significant long-term challenges, including domestic economic constraints, reliance on regional actors for opportunities, and competition from the United States. Russia's strategy focuses on short-term gains over long-term commitments, but maintaining influence will require sustained resources as its economy remains weak.
US intervention in Syria
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Internation Rel Midterm Paper
1) The document discusses the historical role and power of nation-states in international politics and foreign policy. It argues that the power of nation-states, especially the United States, is eroding due to forces of globalization and the rise of non-state actors.
2) It analyzes factors that historically contributed to US power such as its military capabilities and geopolitical advantages. However, it asserts that organizations like NGOs and IGOs are now undermining state sovereignty and US hegemony through shared decision-making and increasing economic interdependence between states.
3) The rise of transnational threats like terrorism exemplify how non-state groups can challenge states, and globalization is enhancing the
Brzezinski The Geostrategic Triad Living With China, Europe And Russia (2...
This document provides an introduction and overview of a monograph on the United States' strategic priorities and engagement with major powers in Eurasia. It discusses how the success of US international engagement in the 21st century will depend on its relationships with China, Japan, Russia, and Europe. Specifically, it outlines two "Eurasian power triangles" that are important for the US - one between the US, EU, and Russia, and another between the US, Japan, and China. The document introduces Zbigniew Brzezinski's analysis of these relationships and the strategic considerations that should guide the US approach in each case.
MillerDJSRP
This document is a strategy research project analyzing key international relations concepts and the Bush Doctrine. It provides historical context on the evolution of US foreign policy from 1776 through the post-9/11 era. It discusses concepts like exceptionalism, unilateralism, preemption, and hegemonic stability. It examines how US strategy shifted from isolationism to engagement following World War II and the Cold War. It analyzes how the Bush Doctrine articulated in the 2002 National Security Strategy expanded the use of preemption in response to new threats like terrorism.
Arab Spring an International Relations.pdf
The document discusses the Arab Spring uprisings and their implications. It makes three key points:
1) The uprisings were caused by internal factors within Arab societies, not external intervention. Intelligence agencies were unable to predict the revolutions.
2) Islamist groups have risen to power through democratic elections in some countries, worrying Russia about potential regional influence.
3) Russia and the U.S. have opposing interests and approaches in the region. Russia wants to maintain the status quo to protect its allies and economy, while the U.S. promotes democracy and intervention. Their differing views have complicated resolving issues like Syria.
ISIS policy proposal
The document discusses ISIS's involvement in the civil wars in Iraq and Syria since April 2013. It analyzes whether the conflicts should be considered a single religious civil war involving ISIS or separate from the pre-existing wars in each country. The author argues that ISIS's goal of establishing a transnational caliphate and confrontation of governments in both countries makes its involvement a new religious civil war spanning Iraq and Syria. The war risks destabilizing the region and spreading jihadist rule. While the U.S. has taken several steps in response, they have not eradicated the ISIS threat or sought a resolution in Syria.
American Government - Chapter 16 - Foreign Policy
The document discusses the historical evolution of US foreign and defense policy from the Monroe Doctrine to modern day. Key policies and doctrines mentioned include the Monroe Doctrine, Open Door Policy, Roosevelt Corollary, Truman Doctrine, containment during the Cold War, and the Bush Doctrine. It also examines tools of foreign policy like diplomacy and military aid. Current threats discussed are terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and regional conflicts.
Thesis Martijn van Ballekom
This document provides an abstract for a master's thesis that examines the process of conflict management between Russia and the U.S. that led to the chemical disarmament of Syria. It defines Syria's conflict as intractable using five characteristics and four phases. It places chemical disarmament in the context of failed peace efforts through the Action Group for Syria. The chemical attacks in Ghouta in 2013 marked a tipping point where U.S., U.K., and France threatened military strikes, overshadowing Geneva talks. The thesis will argue that strategic interdependence between the U.S. and Russia, defined by the threat of U.S. force and Russia's manipulation of Syria, resulted in the chemical dis
Syria
This document discusses the conflict in Syria and how it has become internationalized. It argues that while the conflict began as political and reformist at the local level, the Syrian regime shifted it to a regional sectarian conflict and then an international pragmatic conflict by including sectarian forces and accusing the opposition of sectarianism. This gave international powers an opportunity to seize control and manage the conflict for their own strategic interests, prolonging it and keeping it at a balance to drain Syria's resources. The document suggests Iran, Russia, and the US have an agreement to share roles in managing the conflict at the expense of Syrian lives and preventing the international community from intervening. It concludes that Syria's revolution is now subject to international intrigue and
Unipolar World and the Role of the America
How the USA has been Superpower in the Unipolar World practicing monopolistic power upon the whole world politically, martially, economically and diplomatically has been shown throughout the paper.
Syrian civil war: Impact on Global Peace and Stability
The document summarizes the key impacts and implications of the ongoing Syrian civil war. At the national level, the war has devastated Syria and its people, resulting in over 470,000 deaths, over half the population being displaced, severe damage to infrastructure and the economy. Regionally, the war has increased tensions and the refugee crisis has financially and security burdened neighboring countries. Globally, the political vacuum has increased Russian influence, the refugee crisis is one of the largest since WWII, and the rise of extremist groups impacts global security. For Bangladesh, instability in the Middle East poses challenges but also opportunities for post-conflict reconstruction.
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A case study of foreign involvement in the
- 1. A case study of foreign involvement in the Syrian conflict in neo-realistic perspective Mehreen Ayub PRESENTED BY:-
- 2. Case Study In this case study I’m going to analyze: Involvement of US and Russia in Syria as a power struggle in the middle east region Why had the United States and Russia a foreign interest in Syria? Relate Russian and US intervention in Syria with neo-realism perspective
- 3. Theoretical Framework > Offensive Realism Neo-classical realism is ideal for explaining the proxy wars With strategic changes and proxy war, neorealism claims that states do not act with a rational decision-making process that they enter on their own. Their decisions are related to the positions of the actors concerned and their competitors in the system
- 4. Foreign Involvement in Syria: The civil war in Syria, broke on 2011, is now evolved into a proxy war where regional and global superpowers are pursuing their own interests. In Obama’s era, US launched the first air strike in Syria on September 10, 2013. On September 2015, Russia also launched air strikes against Syria, the aim was to fight extremist groups. A major factor of this involvement is power vacuum created by Arab Spring in the Middle East.
- 6. US intervention in Syria in perspective of Neo- realism NATIONAL SECURITY Russia’s interest in the Middle East is a threat for US and compelled to enhance nation’s security. This is a primary example of self – help in anarchic system. The US has shaped the Syrian security policy by arming YPG, another terrorist organization, in the fight against ISIS. Balance OF POWER The US tried to balance its policies with the strategies of Russia as well as the developments in the region. Finally, the policy of US withdrawal and reducing costs paved the way for Russia. Anarchy and balances in the international system strengthened the regime’s hand CONTROLLING RESOURCES Controlling the oil resources is important as US does not aim to be in a relative dependence with other countries in the region.
- 7. Russia’s intervention: Russia’s direct military offense towards Syria was actually due to an imposing security threat to Russia’s soft belly , alternative means, for example diplomacy, would according to Moscow have been proven useless. Russia wanted to protect it’s military bases in Syria. Alliance with Assad regime will provide more favors and power in ME. Like US Russia has also taken an interest in Syria's oil production. Lastly Russia wanted to counter the power of US in region.
- 8. CONCLUSION Regarding Russia it is definitely interesting to consider that the balance of power, making allies and create bipolar world is its primary motivation to intervene in Syria. For the US, Iran has been an important factor greatly influencing their interest in the Syria conflict. Apparently, liberalistic view was more present during Obama era. While Trump clearly expressed realistic thoughts, The liberalistic elements are also present in foreign intervention of Syria like infrastructure building, agreements and UN Security council intervention.