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A case study of foreign involvement
in the Syrian conflict in neo-realistic
perspective
Mehreen Ayub
PRESENTED BY:-
Case Study
In this case study I’m going to analyze:
Involvement of US and Russia in Syria as a power struggle
in the middle east region
Why had the United States and Russia a foreign interest in
Syria?
Relate Russian and US intervention in Syria with neo-realism
perspective
Theoretical Framework > Offensive Realism
Neo-classical realism is ideal for explaining the proxy wars
With strategic changes and proxy war, neorealism claims that
states do not act with a rational decision-making process that
they enter on their own. Their decisions are related to the
positions of the actors concerned and their competitors in the
system
Foreign Involvement in Syria:
The civil war in Syria, broke on 2011, is now evolved into a proxy war
where regional and global superpowers are pursuing their own
interests.
In Obama’s era, US launched the first air strike in Syria on
September 10, 2013.
On September 2015, Russia also launched air strikes against Syria,
the aim was to fight extremist groups.
A major factor of this involvement is power vacuum created by Arab
Spring in the Middle East.
US intervention in Syria in perspective of Neo-
realism
NATIONAL SECURITY
Russia’s interest in the Middle East is a threat for US and compelled to enhance
nation’s security. This is a primary example of self – help in anarchic system.
The US has shaped the Syrian security policy by arming YPG, another terrorist
organization, in the fight against ISIS.
Balance OF POWER
The US tried to balance its policies with the strategies of Russia as well as the
developments in the region.
Finally, the policy of US withdrawal and reducing costs paved the way for Russia.
Anarchy and balances in the international system strengthened the regime’s hand
 CONTROLLING RESOURCES
Controlling the oil resources is important as US does not aim to be in a relative
dependence with other countries in the region.
Russia’s intervention:
Russia’s direct military offense towards Syria was actually due to an
imposing security threat to Russia’s soft belly , alternative means, for
example diplomacy, would according to Moscow have been proven
useless.
Russia wanted to protect it’s military bases in Syria.
Alliance with Assad regime will provide more favors and power in
ME.
Like US Russia has also taken an interest in Syria's oil production.
Lastly Russia wanted to counter the power of US in region.
CONCLUSION
Regarding Russia it is definitely interesting to consider that the
balance of power, making allies and create bipolar world is its primary
motivation to intervene in Syria.
For the US, Iran has been an important factor greatly influencing their
interest in the Syria conflict.
Apparently, liberalistic view was more present during Obama era.
While Trump clearly expressed realistic thoughts,
The liberalistic elements are also present in foreign intervention of
Syria like infrastructure building, agreements and UN Security council
intervention.

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A case study of foreign involvement in the

  • 1. A case study of foreign involvement in the Syrian conflict in neo-realistic perspective Mehreen Ayub PRESENTED BY:-
  • 2. Case Study In this case study I’m going to analyze: Involvement of US and Russia in Syria as a power struggle in the middle east region Why had the United States and Russia a foreign interest in Syria? Relate Russian and US intervention in Syria with neo-realism perspective
  • 3. Theoretical Framework > Offensive Realism Neo-classical realism is ideal for explaining the proxy wars With strategic changes and proxy war, neorealism claims that states do not act with a rational decision-making process that they enter on their own. Their decisions are related to the positions of the actors concerned and their competitors in the system
  • 4. Foreign Involvement in Syria: The civil war in Syria, broke on 2011, is now evolved into a proxy war where regional and global superpowers are pursuing their own interests. In Obama’s era, US launched the first air strike in Syria on September 10, 2013. On September 2015, Russia also launched air strikes against Syria, the aim was to fight extremist groups. A major factor of this involvement is power vacuum created by Arab Spring in the Middle East.
  • 5.
  • 6. US intervention in Syria in perspective of Neo- realism NATIONAL SECURITY Russia’s interest in the Middle East is a threat for US and compelled to enhance nation’s security. This is a primary example of self – help in anarchic system. The US has shaped the Syrian security policy by arming YPG, another terrorist organization, in the fight against ISIS. Balance OF POWER The US tried to balance its policies with the strategies of Russia as well as the developments in the region. Finally, the policy of US withdrawal and reducing costs paved the way for Russia. Anarchy and balances in the international system strengthened the regime’s hand  CONTROLLING RESOURCES Controlling the oil resources is important as US does not aim to be in a relative dependence with other countries in the region.
  • 7. Russia’s intervention: Russia’s direct military offense towards Syria was actually due to an imposing security threat to Russia’s soft belly , alternative means, for example diplomacy, would according to Moscow have been proven useless. Russia wanted to protect it’s military bases in Syria. Alliance with Assad regime will provide more favors and power in ME. Like US Russia has also taken an interest in Syria's oil production. Lastly Russia wanted to counter the power of US in region.
  • 8. CONCLUSION Regarding Russia it is definitely interesting to consider that the balance of power, making allies and create bipolar world is its primary motivation to intervene in Syria. For the US, Iran has been an important factor greatly influencing their interest in the Syria conflict. Apparently, liberalistic view was more present during Obama era. While Trump clearly expressed realistic thoughts, The liberalistic elements are also present in foreign intervention of Syria like infrastructure building, agreements and UN Security council intervention.