A Case Of Traffic Safety Services

A Case Of Traffic Safety Services
Anthony Pecoraro was the former vice president of Traffic Safety Services LLC, a traffic safety
equipment business. This man was sentenced to thirty–three months in state prison for failing to pay
taxes on more than two million dollars that he withheld. On top of that he will serve three years of
supervised release and pay nearly 1.3 million in restitution. He also admitted to tax evasion in the
past and would have owed the government approx. 734,000. I would guess that most people would
not disagree with the penalties that Mr. Pecoraro faced, the fact is he withheld millions that could
and should have gone to roads, schools, police officers and countless other things. However, this is
going on with hundreds of thousands of organizations each day. The reason they don't receive the
same penalties isn't because they didn't get caught or because they are smarter, it's because they call
themselves churches. Churches not paying taxes harms society and the economy, resulting in
increased taxes on working class citizens and a complicated legal system.
The tax exemption system for churches is out dated and has many negative effects on the economy.
Ryan T. Cragun, a sociologist at the University of Tampa, said in a Washington Post Article that not
taxing churches is costing the United Sates seventy one billion dollars a year (Washington Post).
However, what the article goes on to say is more astounding still. That number is almost certainly a
lowball, because they didn't take into
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

How Charitable Organizations May Not Participate Or Intervene
Charitable organizations may not participate or intervene in any political campaign on behalf of any
candidate in office. The violation of engaging in political activities is the loss of the organization's
tax–exempt status. The prohibition of such political activity includes making contributions to a
candidate's political campaign, making endorsements of a candidate, lending employees to work in a
political campaign, or providing facilities for use by a candidates." However, there are certain
educational activities that are permitted. An organization may conduct an educational activity as
long as the activity is unbiased and nonpartisan. A public charity may provide a forum for debates
by candidates, as long as the forum is fair and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Early legislation was enacted between 1894 and 1936; tax–exempt regulations during this time
developed around three principles: "First, organizations that operated for charitable purposes were
granted exemption from the Federal income tax. Second, charitable organizations were required to
be free of private inurement. Finally, an income tax deduction for contributions designed to
encourage charitable giving, was developed." One of the first tax–exempt regulations was the
Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act of 1894. The Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act established that charitable
organizations must operate for a charitable purpose in order to be tax–exempt. The act also stated,
"nothing herein contained shall apply to corporations, companies, or associations organized and
conducted solely for charitable, religious, or educational purposes." The Court later held that the law
as unconstitutional. However, the act provided the foundation for future tax legislation involving
charitable organizations. The Revenue Act of 1909 expanded the language from the Wilson–Gorman
Tariff Act. The Revenue Act was important because it established the idea that tax–exempt
charitable organizations should be free of private inurement. Under this act tax exemption was given
to "any corporation or association organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, or

Tax Churches Research Paper
Taxing Churches
Tax exemption acts a principle that mandates organizations to be excluded from contributing taxable
pay, this principle has been effective all throughout the existence of churches. Churches are
identified as non profit as well as charitable organizations. With the following two labels a fixed as a
part of their identify they would be granted with the opportunity to be exonerate from paying
particular taxes. With their opportunity to be excluded from contributing taxable money to the
government they were said to contribute a common good and donations back to the community.
Although it is argued that churches do not deserve to be granted with this opportunity of partial
exempt. For the majority churches are not required to pay ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Its unfair to other non–exempt organizations that follow the rules that proceed with their title, to be
cheated by another who twists the limitations placed on them. Larry Wood the Durham town
administrator touches on the unfairness portrayed. In the newspaper piece written by Laura A.
KIernan titled "Battle over core service tax heats up: [City Edition] Wood demonstrates why this can
be viewed as a struggle. "Wood said UNH has a number of tax–exempt properties, including a
bookstore run by Barnes and Noble, and the New England Center, which is a hotel and restaurant,
which he says should not have be tax–exempt. He also said that children of married students who
live in tax–exempt university housing are costing the town schools system $7,400 apiece each
year."We feel that's not fair." Wood's words highlight on the fact that its not only unfair due to
stretching the regulations, in addition they are costing us money in the process. In cohesion with the
previous disadvantage to the community another unbeneficial effect caused by churches is due to
the growth in numbers of organizations and lack of tax individual tax payer are forced to pick up the
slack of these

"Green" Incentives in Malaysia
Environmental sustainability is gaining much focus in the recent years as people are beginning to
strive for a balance between economic growth and sustainability. In fact, many developed countries
such as UK, Japan have implemented strict environmental policies to enhance the quality on the
environment and to preserve the sustainability of its resources. It is viewed that Malaysia's effort has
been marginal in achieving effective management of resources, pollution control and prevention of
environmental degradation.
Tax Incentives
ENERGY
Energy sector is one of the target sectors of Green Technology under the National Green Technology
Policy. Various attractive incentives are given to businesses to encourage the generation of
renewable ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The incentive can be claimed once in a lifetime on GBI building and the tax exemption is to be
offset against 100% of the statutory income. Unutilized qualifying expenditure can be carried
forward to subsequent years until it is fully exempted.
b) Stamp Duty Exemption
Buyers of GBI–certified buildings and residential properties from property developers are entitled to
claim for their stamp duty exemption in their annual Income Tax Return Forms.
TRANSPORTATION
In Budget 2009, 100% import duty and 50% exercise duty are given to franchise holders on new
Completely Built Unit (CBU) hybrid cars with engine capacity below 2000cc. Extension and
enhancement of tax incentives for hybrid cars in Budget 2011 has granted full import and exercise
duties exemption on hybrid and electric cars and motorcycles.
WASTE RECYCLING
Solid waste is one of the environmental problems that are often overlooked by Malaysian. Due to
the increasing population and development, generation of solid waste continues to increase and it is
expected to reach about 30,000 tons per day in the year 2020. To promote waste recycling and
management, Malaysia introduced tax incentives in the form of Pioneer Status, Investment Tax
Allowances, Accelerated Capital

Irs Report On Government Owned And Private Tax Exempt And...
Polsinelli Update
March 2015
IRS Report to Congress Provides Little Insight on Government–Owned and Private Tax–Exempt
and Taxable Hospitals.
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) recently released its report to Congress on government–owned
and private tax–exempt and taxable hospitals as mandated by Section 9007(e)(1) of the Affordable
Care Act (ACA). The ACA requires the IRS to annually submit to Congress a report providing data
with respect to private tax–exempt, taxable, and government–owned hospitals regarding (1) the
levels of charity care provided; (2) bad debt expenses; (3) unreimbursed costs for services provided
with respect to means–tested government programs; and (4) unreimbursed costs for services
provided with respect to non–means–tested government programs. The ACA also requires the report
to include information with respect to private tax–exempt hospitals regarding costs incurred for
community benefit activities.
The report provides a good data compilation, but provides little insight into the meaning of the data.
Although the report provides little analysis, tax–exempt hospitals have provided significant amounts
of financial assistance and other community benefits. [What remains to be seen, however, is whether
insurance expansions under the ACA thereby decreasing pool of uninsured patients will cause these
numbers to decrease in the future. Tax–exempt hospitals could further struggle to justify tax–exempt
status.]
Background on Financial Assistance and

Tax Code Regulations And The Federal Government Through...
Introduction The 501(c)3 tax code specifically for organizations that are reserved for educational
institutions, churches or other nonprofit organizations including what is often deemed as charitable
(Lavarda, 2009). There are two main reasons that an organization will seek to attain a tax–exempt
status with the federal government through the Internal Revenue Services (IRS). First, is to provide
for their beneficiaries a tax–deductible contribution, which allows taxpayers benefits when paying
their federal income taxes and secondly, simply is for organizations the ability to not pay federal
income taxes (Lavarda, 2009; Arnsberger, Ludlum, Riley, & Statnton, 2008). Organizations who
seek out the tax–exempt status do benefit from the protection that the tax code provides, however
due to tax code regulations and reform, organizations that do not heed to the code may be in
jeopardy of violating the code. This violation will result in the IRS revoking the tax–exempt status.
For emerging organizations that are on the cusp of defining their affiliations in society must
determine if applying for tax–exemption status is a profitable move. Due to the scrutiny of these
organizations and such organizations must take into account the liability that comes with the tax
exemption status. The liability is not one that an organization can take lightly, if an organization
does gain tax–exemption status and then later fails to abide by the regulations, the risk is simple; the
revocation of the

The Government Should Tax Churches
Hypothetically, someone goes to church on Sunday and is asked by their pastor to donate 10% of
their annual income to help feed the hungry and agrees to do so. They later find out that only 3% of
the church's income actually goes to helping the poor and the rest is being used to expand the church
and its resources. They then realize that a portion of the income donated is not going to the cause
they want to support. So where are their offerings and donations actually going? Even though non–
profit churches play a crucial social service for an abundance of people, the government should tax
churches because it is not in the best interest for all of the public when we all have to make up lost
revenue for these establishments, it would decrease group leaders from taking advantage of tax–
breaks, and taxing churches could provide increased revenue to help with other important issues. In
1789,the First Amendment established "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
religion..." This means that the Federal and State Governments cannot be partial in showing support
of any denomination or religious organization. An example being that the nations early attachment
to the Church of England. Three years after this amendment was written, it was ratified by the states
of the union. Religious organizations across the U.S. receive tax exemptions in regulation to
exercise the 1st amendment in order of 'separation of church and state. There is an argument in the
way this

Case Study: Opportunity House
It is in my opinion that religious entities should qualify for non–profit status only if they are able to
out of the non–profit services they provide. Many religious entities such as churches and church
organizations provide social services that would not otherwise be available to their community.
However, there is a fine line that can be easily crossed if a religious entity refuses to service a
particular group. If this is the case, then the religious entity should lose their tax exemption. Our
community recently started up a new foundation called Opportunity House, which provides
transitional communicable housing for the homeless. Opportunity House is a Christian transitional
housing ministry and listed in their goals it states under Objective

Corporate Tax: Start-up Exemption Scheme
Corporate tax is the tax that is charged to the income or capital of the company.
– What are full and partial tax exemptions?
New start–ups qualify for the Start–up Tax Exemption Scheme on the condition that they are not
property holding companies or investments. They are also required to have not less than twenty
independent shareholders. In the instance of corporate shareholders, one of the shareholders needs
to possess at least 10% of all the furnished shares.
A company that fails to qualify for the Start–up Exemption Scheme program is normally offered
partial tax exemption, which is determined by its taxable income. Companies that have taxable
income of more than 100,000 SGD are imposed with a tax rate of 5.65%. On the other hand,
companies with taxable income of more than 10,000,000 SGD face a tax rate of 16.44%. It is wise
to seek the entire list so as to discover the category of your company and the applicable tax rate.
– What are the common mistakes made when claiming for deductions against company income?
Some mistakes that people usually make when deducting against company income is when they
underestimate income, request to deduct their expenses which are unable to be deducted, request for
remuneration relevant groups and also claiming the wrong expenses which are mainly the keeping
of records that are not complete, estimations as well as their failure to keep up with business records
for 5 years.
– The deduction of medical expenses &

Legislative History Of Tax Exemption Essay
Some legislative history to tax exemption organizations began between 1894 and 1969, the
development of legislation led the structure of the current tax exemptions granted to charitable and
voluntary sectors outlined in the United States Tax Code. The early tax regulations established
around three major principles. First, organizations operating for charitable purposes were granted
exemptions from Federal income tax. Second, charitable organizations were required to be free of
private inurement. Third, an income tax deduction for contributions was developed and designed to
encourage charitable giving for organizations. The Wilson–Gorham Tariff Act of 1884 provided an
exemption for "corporations, companies, or associations organized and conducted solely for
charitable, religious, or educational purposes, including fraternal beneficiary associations."
Ultimately this Act became famous for income tax provisions later found unconstitutional by the
Supreme Court. The Underwood Tariff Act of 1913 established an income tax system with tax
exemptions for certain organizations, most particularly for the Chamber of Commerce. The
Chamber of Commerce appeared before the Senate Finance Committee during its deliberations
because it was anxious that the existing tax exemptions would not protect nonprofit business groups.
This Act also included an exemption for organizations dedicated to social welfare, the forerunner to
today's IRC 501(c)(4). Later, the Revenue Act of 1943 required

A Brief Note On Non Profit Tax Compliance
Non–Profit Tax Compliance
Unlike for–profit businesses, the focus of a nonprofit is not on gaining profits for shareholders and
owners, but to fulfil a charitable mission for the benefit of the public. Because of this mission focus,
the IRS has recognized these organizations as exempt from the federal income tax that is placed on
for–profit businesses and individuals. This recognition is not automatic and is not guaranteed.
Nonprofit organization must still follow the rules and regulations set forth by the IRS and the U.S.
Government regarding tax compliance. If these rules are not followed, a nonprofit organization
could lose their tax exempt status.
A charitable focus does not mean that money is not involved. In fact, nonprofit ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
501(c)(3) Organizations
Charitable organizations are formed for many different purposes, but in order to be eligible for tax
exempt status, a nonprofit organization must meet the description of one of the forms described in
The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 §501(c). According to I.R.C. §501(c) there are 29 different
sections through which a nonprofit organization can be eligible for income tax exemption. The most
commonly used exemption is described in I.R.C. §501(c)(3) which accounts for 1.11 million of the
total 1.72 million organizations that are exempt from tax (Fishman, 2015). Because these
organizations are governed by §501(c)(3) of the tax code, they are referred to as 501(c)(3)
organizations (Fishman, 2015).
501(c)(3) qualifications
Over half of all tax–exempt nonprofit organizations are considered 501(c)(3) organizations
(McKeever, 2015). I.R.C. §501(c)(3) provides a thorough description this tax exempt organizational
form:
Corporations, and any community chest, fund, or foundation, organized and operated exclusively for
religious, charitable, scientific, testing for public safety, literary, or educational purposes, or to foster
national or international amateur sports competition ...or for the prevention of cruelty to children or
animals... (I.R.C. §501(c)(3)).
This form is widely used and encapsulates what many people think of when they think of a
nonprofit, including charities, foundations, hospitals, and qualifying

The United States Should End Tax Exemption For Religious...
Rebuttal of LA Times article, Republicans Are Wrong: Churches Aren't Being Muzzled By the IRS
The Times Editorial Board suggests republican nominee Donald Trump is wrong about religious
freedoms being silences by the IRS. As clergy from any sect are allowed to support any political
person running for office during a sermon. According to 501(c)(3) tax–exempt charitable
organizations, and the only pastors or clergy from any sect are supporting the Democratic nominee.
Religion is a powerful tool for millions of people throughout the world, some believe we should end
tax exemption for religious institutions and religion could possibly be the only influence in
someone's life, other individuals believe religion should stay out of politics, while others are very
strong to support religions right to express their opinion on who the next presidential candidate
should be through the First Amendment. In 1954 Lyndon B. Johnson a democrat and U.S. Senator,
creating an amendment known as the Johnson Amendment, "...501(c)(3) tax–exempt charitable
organizations, secular and religious alike, from participating in any political campaign on behalf of,
or in opposition to, any candidate for public office" (Board). Arguing that anyone donating to a
religious organization may not agree on the opinion of a religious sect. Lyndon B. Johnson was
running for a reelection as a U.S. Senator, he would ultimately lose as," A conservative non–profit
group that wanted to limit the treaty–making ability of

Religion : The Church Of Scientology As A Religion
The Church of Scientology is recognized as a religious institution. However, the church's status as a
religion is often debated due to the fact it fits the requirements to be a cult as well. Religious
institutions and cults differ by a few major components. Such as, cults are run by a singular person,
while religions are community run, and cults are frequently isolated and coercive, while religions
are commonly integrated into modern life. Religion is, "a personal set or institutionalized system of
religious attitudes, beliefs, and practices" and "the service and worship of God or the supernatural"
(Merriam–Webster Dictionary). A cult is more focused on the worship of their establisher and is a
"great devotion to a person, idea, object, movement, or work (such as a film or book)" that
incorporates, " a system of religious beliefs and rituals" into the devotion (Merriam–Webster
Dictionary). Scientology is structured solely around the worship of L. Ron Hubbard, the founder of
the "religion". Hubbard wrote books and created ideas that are worshiped by scientologists. Through
Hubbards ideas and works of literature he created a dystopia like cult. With his six book on
"knowing how to know" is the "God" of Scientology. Hubbard wanted his creation to be
acknowledged as a religious institution and therefore receive all benefits that religions do. One of
these benefits is tax exemption on properties. In order to receive tax exempt status the church of
scientology fought for years.

Taxation In America Essay
Hypothetically, someone goes to church on Sunday and is asked by his/her pastor to donate 10% of
that person's annual income to help feed the hungry and agrees to do so. Then later finds out that 3%
percent of the church's income goes to actually helping the poor and the rest is being used to expand
the church and its resources. He or she then realizes a portion of the income that was donated is not
going to the cause she wants to support. So where is her offerings actually going towards? Religious
organizations across the U.S. are receiving tax exemptions due to the 1st amendment stating the
separation of church and state, and the way this impacts our economy is a violation of what actually
are 1st amendment states due to the research showing where this money is actually being
distributed. For example, to quote an article on procon.org, one of the cons says that it is
unconstitutional when giving such organizations tax breaks that it is supporting religion by our
government. To quote, " Associate Justice of the US Supreme court, William O. Douglas, in his
dissenting opinion in Walz v. Tax Commission of the City of New York, decided May 4, 1970,
stated: "If believers are entitled to public financial support, so are nonbelievers. A believer and
nonbeliever under the present law are treated differently because of the ... Show more content on
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When the U.S. constitution cannot guarantee this as a right, and if the government was to enter a
difficult period with economic issues which these huge subsidies worth billions of dollars are not
being received could and is already hurting the needs that the people of America need. Furthermore,
the fact is that if our government was to tax the churches, it could benefit and make an impact that
could help recover economic issues in a wide variety of current day

Community Benefit Analysis on Federal Tax-Exemption for...
Federal tax–exemption for charitable organizations has been in existence since the beginning of
federal income tax law. This exemption is based on the principle that the federal government's loss
of tax revenue is equivalent to the relief of financial burdens charitable organizations provide that
would otherwise have to be supported by public funds. Nonprofit hospitals are able to qualify for
federal tax–exemption under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code because the Internal
Revenue Service (IRS) has recognized the promotion of health for the benefit of the community,
where medical assistance is afforded to the poor or where medical research is promoted, as a
charitable purpose. (U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2008) ... Show more content on
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In 1969, the IRS established broader standards for nonprofit hospital tax–exemption status based on
the extent to which these hospitals provide community benefit to the communities they serve.
(Somerville, 2012) From 1969 to the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act (ACA) in 2010, there were some attempts to change this policy, however these attempts largely
failed. Prior to the implementation of the ACA, community benefit activities included providing free
and discounted care to uninsured and low–income patients, reimbursement shortfalls associated with
participation in Medicaid programs, activities to promote population health improvement, programs
to increase access to care, medical research, training for health professionals, and other
contributions that benefit the hospital's community. Under the ACA, additional requirements were
established for hospitals to be qualified as tax–exempt including conducting a community health
needs assessment at least every 3 years and develop an implementation strategy to address the needs
identified by the assessment, adopting and publicizing a written financial assistance policy, and
limiting charges, billing, and debt collection practices directed to individuals who qualify for
financial assistance. (The Hilltop Institute, 2013b) While the IRS

Pros And Disadvantages Of Tax Abatement
Tax Abatement
Student's Name
Institution Affiliation
Tax Abatement Tax abatement is a concept that is often utilized to refer to the situation where the
government grants some type of tax reductions, or completely exempts certain entities from paying
taxes for a given period of time with the sole aim of stimulating industrial, real estate, or job market
development. Freilich, Sitkowski, Mennillo, and Freilich (2012) pointed out that tax–abated
redevelopment is important since it provides an effective platform for entities to flourish within a
deteriorating area. Harris, McKenzie, and Rentfro (2014) also stated that once in a while,
governments may grant tax exemptions or reductions to particular taxpayers so as to encourage
expansion of current operations within the jurisdiction of the government. Tax abatement is not
infinite. It exists only for a specified period of time and is usually kickstarted by a constitutional
amendment of some sort.
Advantages of tax abatement Dynamic technological developments coupled with economic
dislocations have led to slow economic growth leading to situations where the country is laden with
underemployed or unemployed individuals. In the midst of such economic difficulties and structural
changes, it is the hope of the citizens that local authorities will implement legislation and other
measures to help spur economic growth and create more jobs. Gary (2015) observed that one of the
favorite development incentives

Should The Government Sanctioned Religious Establishments...
Here, again, we see exactly why the government sanctioned religious establishments of our day are
hurriedly revising "certain articles" in their constitutions and administrations. Churches that have
stopped being churches to become tax–exempt, nonprofit religious corporations have invited, nay,
petitioned the wolves to oversee the sheep, thus giving the state consent to exert a legal force
through their own policies. Now they must rewrite those policies before having something
detestable legally forced up their aisles by the supreme judgment of their chosen shepherds.
That would certainly be a grave injustice, would it not?
Not according to the Declaration of Independence, which recognizes that, "Governments are
instituted among Men, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"This is the way of an adulterous woman: She eats and wipes her mouth, and says, 'I have done no
wrong," (Proverbs 30.20).
Statist, incorporated churches have made their beds with their Big Brother. Now they must lie in
them with him.
Jesus Christ, this is sickening.
As we've already seen, the IRS considers churches (as the IRS defines churches) to be tax exempt
under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Whether they apply for it or not, "These
organizations are exempt automatically if they meet the requirements of section 501(c)(3)," (IRS
pub. 557).
Okay, whatever. State churches are eligible for state favors if they meet the state's requirements. But
what about biblical churches or any other establishment of religion? Well, if they don't meet state
requirements, they aren't eligible for state favors. That's reasonable. But, unless they've elected to
become something other than establishments of religion, it makes little difference, since
(quote 1st amend)
The trouble arises from the implication baked into the regulations that, wherever state–granted
exemptions do not apply, state jurisdiction does. But, remember, it's just the opposite: exemption
cannot be granted without jurisdiction. And the denial or revocation of 501(c)(3) tax–exempt status
is meaningless where there exists no taxable entity such as a corporation, for example.
Again, Section

Case Study: Lakewood Church
BACKGROUND: Lakewood Church currently holds an exemption from Texas property tax as a
charitable organization.
ISSUE:
Issue #1: Can Lakewood Church rent its facility out to others for a fee without affecting the property
tax exemption?
CONCLUSION:
Issue #1: Lakewood Church can rent its facility to others or a fee as long as this type of activity is
limited and benefits the members of the church in some manner.
APPLICABLE LAW:
To receive the tax exemption the organization must have pledged the property to charitable purposes
and to prevent anyone from realizing private gain from the organization's activities.
Under the Texas statutes providing the tax exemption for charitable organizations the property must
be "used exclusively" by

Receiving Help with Childcare Costs from Employers and...
Receiving Help with Childcare Costs from Employers and Receiving a Tax Break
Employees who receive help with childcare costs from their employers are to receive a tax break.
Tax is how the government raises money to spend on public services, such as education, health and
the social security system. It can be levied on goods, services and range of transactions, such as
inheritance and profit made on the sale of homes or antiquities.
Workers will be able to receive up to £50 per week in subsidised childcare services, childcare
allowances or vouchers tax–free. Subsidies are grants given by the government to encourage
production. This will be able to favour workers and will make labour more ... Show more content on
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And as we already know that the quantity of inputs to the production process means that an
economy has increase its production potential.
Previously parents had only received tax free help if their employer managed the childcare facility.
The news came as the chancellor announced his twice yearly pre–Budget report. This stated that the
government has capped financial support at £50 a week – well below the typical cost of £128 a
week for a nursery place According to a recent survey, parents in the UK pay on average £6,650 a
year for each child.
Tax relief on £50 a week childcare spending could benefit millions of employees using registered
childcare. However, tax exemptions will only apply to spending on registered childcare. This stated
shows us how the government protects its people and not letting other people who come in the
country to take advantage of the economy. Many workers who rely on friends and relatives to look
after their children while they are at work will not benefit.
About one in ten employers provide some kind of childcare help to employees.
It is hoped that the tax break will encourage more firms to help out their workers and as a result has
received a warm welcome from childcare charities.
Stephen Burke, director of the Daycare Trust, said: "Paying for

Tax Research
Memorandum–to–the–File Date: May 25, 2011 From: Brenda Hall Re: How many dependency
exemptions John and Janet Baker can claim for the year? Facts John and Janet Baker are husband
and wife and maintain a household of 7, including Janet and John. Calvin and Florence Carter are
Janet's parents, who are retired. During the year, they received $19,000 in nontaxable funds
(disability income, interest on municipal bonds and Social Security benefits) from which $8,000
was equally spent between them on clothing, transportation, and recreation. The remaining $11,000
was invested in tax–exempt securities. Janet Baker paid $1,000 for her mother's dental work and
$1,200 premium on her father's own life insurance policy. Janet's father, ... Show more content on
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Should Darin's income be included in the computation of support? Is the amount of $21,000 that
Andrea used to purchase a new vehicle includable in the support test? Is the amount of student loan
that Morgan obtained considered self–support? Applicable Law Section 152(a) provides that for a
taxpayer to take a dependency exemption, the potential dependent must satisfy either the qualifying
child requirement or the qualifying relative requirement. Section 152(b)(2) indicates that the
taxpayer is not permitted a dependency exemption for a married dependent if the married individual
files a joint return. Pursuant to section 152(c), the term "qualifying child" refers to an individual
who has not furnished over one–half of his or her own support and who has not attained the age of
19 or who has not attained the age of 24, if a full–time student, as of the close of such calendar year.
The term "qualifying relative" under section 152(d) includes, but is not limited to, an individual
whose gross income is less than the exemption amount and to whom the taxpayer provides over–
half of the total individual's support for the calendar year in which such taxable year begins. Under
Reg. Sec. 1.152 (a), support received from the taxpayer is compared to the entire amount of support
which the potential dependent received from all sources, including support which the individual
supplied himself. Support includes food, shelter, medical and dental care, education, recreation,

Argumentative Paper On Climate Change
Climate change is a massive controversy in the United States. There are multiple groups,
organizations, and political leaders who believe that climate change is a hoax. For example, take
U.S. Senator, Jim Inhofe (R–Okla.), who brought in a ball of snow to the senate floor and stated that
"It's very, very cold out" (C–Span 2015). The wide variety of misinformation about climate change
has produced a large scale of climate change skeptics. Most notably are those located in Woodward
County, Oklahoma. Thirty percent of the residents in Woodward Country believe that climate
change is not really happening (Yale 2014). CNN reporter, John D. Sutter (2015), was sent on a
mission to understand why so many in Woodward County are skeptical about climate change. At the
end of his journey, Sutter realized that most of the residents were confused and had been fed
misinformation. The climate change skeptics were the loudest voices and all those who may have
thought differently kept their opinions to themselves out of fear of going against the oil and natural
gas industries (Sutter 2015). Nevertheless, skeptics are in need of being informed with the right
information about climate change. It is imperative for climate change to be in the forefront not only
because 97 percent of climate scientists say that climate change is very real and caused by humans,
but because we only have one Earth to call our home (Sutter 2015). In order to convince skeptics to
support clean energy policies,

Case Study 7
Case Study 7.1 Patrick Anderson Grand Canyon University: ADM 624 July 24, 2013
1. Aravind is successful because each organizational component directly addresses the
organization's mission. Discuss. Aravind is highly successful because each component adheres to
core mission where spirituality and humanity supersedes capitalism and profits. Aravind Eye Care
System founder, Dr. Gouindappa Venkataswamy, warmly known as Dr. V, decided that in the
developing country of India the government alone could not encounter the health needs of the
population of the country. In a country where 12 million individuals are blind, the vast majority
suffered from cataracts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The answer is a matrix of functions across product divisions. The entire Aravind Eye Care System
encompasses five hospitals, a manufacturing center for ophthalmic products, an international
research foundation and a resource and training center that is revolutionizing hundreds of eye care
programs across the developing world (healthmarketinnovators.org). The matrix approach once
implemented properly, this approach will produce constant time–to–market laterally with product
excellence and the dismissal of product line redundancies within the organization at Aravind. Under
these conditions, the patient is healthier assisted with a matrix approach. Therefore, leadership must
elucidate positions, and responsibilities, established priorities, streamline processes, recompense
collaboration and reject the silos as well as the command–and–controllers.
4. What are the advantages for a nonprofit to be self–sustaining?
A nonprofit organization (NPO), can be self–sustaining by adhering to some very simple rules. A
nonprofit is described as an organization that "Operates for the common good and not for generating
individual wealth: does not distribute its profits to individuals who control the organization such as
its members, officers, directors, or trustees. While a non–profit organization can make a profit, the
profit it earns must be used toward the core missions of the organization and not towards any
personal benefits" (Bennett, 2013). One of the enormous challenges that a

Tax Exemptions For Churches : Why They Aren 't Justified
Tax Exemptions for Churches: Why They Aren't Justified An impoverished, single mother with
three children has to work two or three jobs in order to barely make ends meet and feed her children.
Every day of her life, she is forced to worry constantly about every dollar she spends; her
discretionary income is non–existent. Despite the financial struggles that she and her family go
through, every year, by April 15, she is filing her income and property taxes with the Internal
Revenue Service. On Sundays, the mother drives herself and her children in her ten–year–old car to
the church they attend: an enormous place of worship whose land stretches several acres. The pastor
preaches a sermon urging churchgoers not to be greedy and materialistic; however, when the service
is over, he walks out to his brand new SUV and drives home to his three–story house.
The pastor is able to afford of these things because the church need not worry about April 15; they
will not be filing any taxes. Officially beginning in 1894, churches and other establishments based
in religion in the United States have been exempt from paying income and property taxes. Religious
institutions in the United States should not be granted tax–exempt status; they should be required to
pay income and property taxes like most other organizations. Exempting them from taxes violates
the Constitution, shows favoritism by the IRS towards religion, costs the government billions of
dollars every year in lost revenue, and

Corporate Sustainability And The Social, Environmental And...
Executive Summary This report explores corporate sustainability and the social, environmental and
financial performance of International Paper Company. "Today we see a growing momentum to
reduce carbon footprints and co–create new social and economic structures."
(http://www.interfaceglobal.com/ Company/Leadership–Team/Ray–Watch. aspx) Sustainability
consists of environmental and social performance as well as financial performance. Companies
which can incorporate these strong values and cultures are becoming more the norm than not. Many
studies now show that most companies have adapted some form of sustainability with some doing
so at a higher level than others. In a study by Robert G. Eccles and George Serafeim, they compared
ninety companies that they considered to be high sustainability companies and 90 companies that
they considered to be low sustainability companies were compared. The findings of their 18 year
time frame showed that the high sustainability companies outperformed the low sustainability
companies in the stock market and financially. This only occurred in a long term plan. Therefore
companies who want results in the short term might not see the results they want immediately.
(Eccles and Serafeim) In today's society corporations have a responsibility to the environment as
well as to making a profit. A range of social and environmental issues and what is expected of the
modern day corporation will be discussed along

Strategic Planning : Strategic Thinking
Communication is key in sharing information, promoting strategic thinking, and foster relationships
by working in teams within the organization. Executives could have managers start by participating
in strategic thinking with community groups and local businesses (Goldman, 2007). Organization
strategic thinking should urge employees to look ahead for opportunities as to avoid being in
constant reactive mode. It is essential to communicate that strategic thinking is goal oriented,
planned over a length of time, and tied to the mission and goals of the organization. It is significant
to match employees with mentors when you can to aid in developing and fostering strategic thinking
skills in addition to rewarding employees when possible (Goldman, 2007).
Strategic thinking will involve risk taking on leaders of healthcare organizations to engage their
team to create new ideas in order to support decisions that are that are viable for the organization. If
a company desires a team to think strategically they must take the required steps to nurture strategic
thinking and provide feedback (Goldman, 2007). It is important that through the strategic planning
process the team evaluates all possible scenarios that may result from the process, not just scenarios
in the immediate future in order to predict the best possible outcomes in an ever–changing
healthcare environment. Leaders must continue to encourage their team, typically a diverse group of
individuals each with unique

Churches Should Not Remain Tax Exempt
Churches Should Not Remain Tax Exempt
Since 1894, churches in the United States of America (US) have received an official federal income
tax exemption, although, unofficially, they have been tax–exempt since the country's founding.
Churches are tax exempt in two major ways–one, in all 50 states and the District of Columbia,
churches are exempt from paying property tax, and two, donations to churches are tax–deductible
for the donator. Because giving churches special exemptions violates the separation of church and
state (since exemptions are a privilege, not a right), and since there are literally billions of potential
tax dollars to fund government that are not going back to the government, it is important that
churches pay their taxes. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This tax exemption is a subsidy, and the Constitution prohibits subsidizing religion. As Mark Twain
argued: "no church property is taxed and so the infidel and the atheist and the man without religion
are taxed to make up the deficit in the public income thus caused." While atheists and other forms of
non–believers make up a small portion of our population (The Pew Religious Landscape survey
reported that as of 2014, 22.8% of the U.S. population is religiously unaffiliated, atheists made up
3.1% and agnostics made up 4% of the U.S. population), it does not mean that they should be
unfairly targeted by an already unconstitutional subsidy (former US Supreme Court Chief–Justice
William H. Rehnquist determined that these tax exemptions are in fact subsidies). Unequivocally,
this is a clear violation of the separation of church and state, and almost 23% of the United States
population is being taken advantage of through the continued tax breaks for churches. The billions
of dollars that governments can garner through taxing churches can go back into communities
through legitimate, secular government funded programs that accomplish the same outcome as the
public services that churches provide.
Some proponents of keeping churches untaxed argue that since all religions are treated equally
under the exemption that it doesn't violate the

Tax Exemptions in America
Decades ago, state and federal legislatures began offering tax exemptions, including exemptions
from property tax, for nonprofit institutions that provide charitable services to communities.
Nonprofit hospitals that qualify for federal tax exemption under Internal Revenue Code §501(c)(3)
are not guaranteed state charitable tax exemptions. A hospital must provide some amount of charity
in order to be granted a state tax exemption, however historical statues have failed to quantify what
amount of charity is sufficient to meet the charitable purpose exemption . In recent times, nonprofit
hospitals repeatedly have to defend the amount of charity and benefit they provide to the community
to maintain their state property tax–exempt status. There has been a recent, notable case where a
hospital lost its property tax exemption. In the case of Provena Covenant Medical Center V. Illinois
Department of Revenue, the Illinois Supreme Court held that PCMC does not provide enough
charity care to qualify for tax exemptions provided for nonprofit organizations that provide charity
care . Nonprofit hospitals are among the largest landowners in many communities, in the US,
billions of dollars in property is owned by nonprofit hospitals . Most hospitals would owe millions
in taxes if exempt properties were taxed. This report will examine the Illinois Supreme court
decision in Provena Covenant Medical Center v. Illinois Department of Revenue, Case No. 107328,
and analyze the courts

Wish Research Papers
Make A Wish
In The United States every 37 minutes a wish is granted. Ten of thousand supporters, donors and
volunteers of Make A Wish grants the wish of every child who has been diagnosed with lethal
medical conditions. The story of Make A Wish is truly wonderful, in this research paper i'll tell you
how it started, how they earned money, and how can we help kids with life treating conditions.
It started with Chris Greicius aged 7 who had leukemia. Agent Tommy Austin, Ron Cox, Officer
Jim Eaves, and Frank Shankwitz tried to make Chris' wish come true by making him into an officer.
Then Lt. Col. Dick Schaefer gave him a "smokey the bear" hat. On the next event Chris becomes
Arizona's first and only honorary DPS officer. They tried making him ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Affiliation with Interviewee: Nothing really just wanted to ask question for my research paper.
How Did You Become Part Of This Charity ?
He became part of it because he would always see make a with stories on Tv and the Internet. He
started as an Intern and a volunteer. Then he got hired by the company and now he makes and types
the stories that we see on Tv and the Internet.
When You Started Working On This Foundation By Any Chance Did It Impact or Change Your Life
?
He said that it did before he started working there he was at a job he want happy with and when he
got there everything changed for him, he became a better person and he developed a better
understanding of life because he sees kids and what heir going through.
How Much Donations Do You Guys Earn each Year ?
He wasn't sure the exact amount but they get quite a bit of money from various donors and
companies that support them every year.
How Does It Feel Helping Many People Around You ?
He says that it feels amazing because before he joined the the company he was doing things for
himself but helping people or families warmths his heart and it makes him feel that he done
something good to the community and to the people he

A Brief Note On Non Profit Tax Compliance Essay
Non–Profit Tax Compliance
Unlike for–profit businesses, the focus of a nonprofit is not on gaining profits for shareholders and
owners, but to fulfil a charitable mission for the benefit of the public. Because of this mission focus,
the IRS has recognized these organizations as exempt from the federal income tax that is placed on
for–profit businesses and individuals. This recognition is not automatic and is not guaranteed.
Nonprofit organization must still follow the rules and regulations set forth by the IRS and the U.S.
Government regarding tax compliance. If these rules are not followed, a nonprofit organization
could lose their tax exempt status.
A charitable focus does not mean that money is not involved. In fact, nonprofit organizations added
an estimated $905.9 billion to the U.S. economy in 2013, while revenues and expenses totaled over
$1.73 trillion (McKeever, 2015). Private giving to nonprofit agencies from foundations, businesses,
and individual equaled $358.38 billion dollars (McKeever, 2015). If a nonprofit organization loses
its tax exempt status, then private donations are no longer tax deductible which decreases the benefit
to contributors (I.R.C. §170(a)(1)). The loss of a tax exempt status can be detrimental to an
organization. Knowledge of the rules and requirements related to tax exempt status is essential for
any tax exempt organization. This paper focuses on the most common form of tax exempt
organizations, and how those organizations can obtain and

EGTRA: Tax Exemption
The following figures are the tax rates and exemptions prior the 2001 tax bill and after the signed
EGTRRA:
Before EGTRRA: the tax rates in 2002 – 2010 are fixed at 55 percent. The exemptions for estate tax
and gift tax are $700,000 for 2002 – 2003; $850,000 for 2004; $950,000 for 2005; 1 million for
2006 – 2010. The generation skipping transfer tax exemptions are $1.1 million in 2002; $1.12
million in 2003; $1.14 million in 2004; $1.17 million in 2005; $1.20 million in 2006; $1.24 million
in 2007; $1.27 million in 2008; $1.3 million in 2009; $1.33 million in 2010.
After EGTRRA: tax rates are as follows 50 percent in 2002; 49 percent in 2003; 48 percent in 2004;
47 percent in 2005; 46 percent in 2006; 45 percent in 2007–2009. The estate

The Board Of A Nonprofit Organization
The board of a nonprofit organization plays a major role in the organizations processes and effects.
Chris Morfas, the Board Chair of the nonprofit organization "California Bicycle Coalition" makes it
clear that "it's the board's role to establish the long–term strategic direction of the organization: its
mission, vision, values and goals" (Best Practices in Board–Staff Relationships). As a board, we are
responsible for the direction, oversight and resources for the organization. The board steers the
organization as a whole in the right direction, making sure that its mission is being respected and
upheld. To do so, the board oversees and monitors the activities and overall behavior of the
organization, making certain that no actions done ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The IRC is a section of federal statutory tax law in which income tax and gift taxes, as well as other
forms of taxes, are outlined and described in terms of enforcement (Internal Revenue Code). The
IRS's main responsibility includes "exempting nonprofit organization's from the corporate income
tax through verification of the IRC by placing the organization's into more than 30 classifications
that reflect the basis for their tax exemption" (Worth, 24). After being classified as an organization
in the nonprofit sector, rather than being in the government or for–profit business sector, the
nonprofit sector is then divided into four major categories in which they could be exempt from
taxes. These categories include organization's tax exempt under the 501(c)(3) of the IRC that are
public charities, organization's that are tax exempt under 501(c)(3) that are private foundations,
organization's that are tax exempt under 501(c)(4) of the IRC as social welfare organization's and
"other" organization's such as social/recreational clubs and labor unions (Worth, 25). Social welfare
organization's are tax exempt under 501(c)(4) of the IRC and are composed of advocacy groups,
civic groups and often times HMOs. They can spend money on lobbying without limitation, and
typically want to influence legislation in someway. They are tax exempt under 501(c)(4) because
they "work to

Summary: Tax Exemption For Feminine Hygiene Products
To the Honorable Charles Wesley Clemons, I would hope that you would support HB 63 – Tax
Exemption for Feminine Hygiene Products. The bill has been passed through the Appropriations
Committee and Way and Means Committee recently and is now ready for the first reading of the
bill. HB 63 is important because women such as myself should not have to pay taxes on feminine
products. Being taxed on something that we were biologically born with such as menstrual cycles, is
absurd and the state of Florida should bring an end to is at once. Removing a sales tax from
feminine products will help lower–income women who cannot afford to pay eight to eleven dollars
every month. Feminine products are already expensive and adding on the sales tax is just
outrageous.

Tax Memo: Dependency Exemptions and Tax Planning
January 26, 2014
TAX FILE MEMORANDUM
From: Mary Jones
Subject: John and Janet Baker Dependency exemptions and tax planning
Facts
John and Janet Baker are married and maintain their home where Janet's parents Calvin and
Florence Carter, their son Darin, and their daughters Andrea and Morgan also live. The Carters are
retired and received $19,000 a year which is not taxed. The Carters equally spent $8,000 between
them for cloths, transportation expenses, and a vacation. They invested the remaining $11,000 in
tax–exempt securities. Janet Baker paid $1,000 on her mother's dental work and also paid her
father's life insurance premiums of $1,200. Darin, the Baker's 18–year old son is not a full–time
student but earned $14,000 from a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also states that a full–time student must be enrolled for the number of required hours to be a full–
time. [Philip J. McCauley, 56 T.C. 48 (1971)] states that student loans that are obtained by an
individual are to be included in the individual's own support. For an automobile that is purchased,
Rev. Rul. 77–282, 1977–2 states that the fair market value of the automobile purchased and owned
by an individual must be included in the individuals support for the year the vehicle was purchased.
Analysis
The Carters meet the gross income test because their income is not taxed and is not included into
their gross income. They both also qualify as a qualifying relative. Florence's support provided by
John and Janet is $4,500 for the year. This includes the $3,500 for the lodging and food and the
$1,000 paid for her dental work. Calvin's support is only $3,500 for the year for lodging and food.
His life insurance premiums are exempt and cannot be figured as support. Florence and Calvin spent
$4,000 of their own money for their support. Florence passes the support test, but Calvin does not.
Therefore, Florence qualifies as a dependent exemption because she passed all three tests. Calvin on
the other hand only passed two of the three tests and cannot be claimed as a dependent exemption.
Darin passes the qualifying child test because he is under the age of 19. However, he also must pass
the support test because he

BHP Billiton Wins Tax Exemptions for Demerger
Article
Stevens, M., Chessell, J. 2014, 'BHP Billiton wins tax exemptions for demerger', The Sydney
Morning Herald, 5 April, viewed 28 April 2014,
< http://www.smh.com.au/business/bhp–billiton–wins–tax–exemptions–for–demerger–20140404–
3646m.html >
Summary
Stevens and Chessell (2014) discuss the concerns over Australian government's approval of the tax
exemptions for the BHP Billiton for a $20 billion demerger of non–core assets. Considering the
positive market reaction towards BHP's plan for the underlying dividend to shareholders and
potential benefit for industry, the Australian Taxation Office approved the exemption application.
BHP is considered to improve corporate sustainability and maintain the positive momentum under
current advantageous government policies and industry conditions.
Application
The regulatory constraints on businesses from government have been subdued recent years.
Fulfilling the function of the state, Prime Minister Tony Abbott's government proposed a new
climate policy that the government will put off the existing levy on emitters and set up fund with as
much as $2.6 billion to subsidize the mining enterprises in cutting green–house gas emissions
(Anderson, Scott 2014). The subsidy released the financial burden of carbon tax which cost BHP
$77.5 million in 2013 (Financial Review 2014) as an enabler in mining industry (Conrad 1993).
In addition, the federal government's effort to place infrastructure improvements at the centre of
growth agenda

The Constitutionality Of Providing Tax Exemption Essay
The constitutionality of providing tax exemptions to religious organizations was upheld in the U.S.
Supreme Court case Walz v. Tax Comm 'n of the City of New York. Frederick Walz, a New York
real estate owner, brought the suit against the New York City Tax Commission on the grounds that
the property tax exemption for churches forced taxpayers to indirectly contribute to those churches,
thus violating the Establishment clause. The Supreme Court upheld the property tax exemption for
churches, ruling that it did not violate the Establishment clause. In the majority opinion, Chief
Justice Warren Burger emphasized that the First Amendment "will not tolerate either
governmentally established religion or governmental interference with religion" ("Walz v. Tax,"
n.d.). This interpretation of the First Amendment was echoed one year later with the creation of the
Lemon test ("Lemon v. Kurtzman," n.d.). He used this framework to judge whether the tax
exemption violated the First Amendment. Burger maintained that "The legislative purpose of the
property tax exemption is neither the advancement nor the inhibition of religion... [and we] cannot
read New York 's statute as attempting to establish religion; it is simply sparing the exercise of
religion from the burden of property taxation levied on private profit institutions" ("Walz v. Tax,"
n.d.). Burger further adds that exempting churches from taxes creates far less government
entanglement with religion than taxing churches does,

A Time Of Uncertainty For Louisiana And Its Budget
In a time of uncertainty for Louisiana and its budget, citizens are looking for answers and solutions
to the budget crisis left by the past Governor, Bobby Jindal. The news sources, for the past few
months, have been informing residents in the state of what has been taking place in the special
sessions for the budget purposes and the propositions that have been brought before the house and
the senate as solutions. Taking a look back at the time before Governor Bobby Jindal ever took
office, it was recorded that the state was at almost $2 billion dollars in the black. With Governor
Jindal out of office, the newly elected Governor, John Bel Edwards, has stepped into a catastrophe
of budgetary issues. According to the Guardian, Louisiana is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the proposals in his plan are to cut spending to TOPS and to make cuts to health care for
the funds used to go to major projects and to be spent more efficiently. The cuts to higher education
of about 10 to 12% will impact the numbers of universities and colleges who will open their door in
the fall. This cut will also affect students who are on TOPS simply because the scholarship only
applies to schools in the state of Louisiana. Student will have even less incentive to stay in the state.
An increase in taxes and other funding mechanisms are being added to the mix to change the grim
look of the future. But could it be that the legislator is looking at the wrong source for budget cuts
and cost saving ventures. The effects of exemptions show to be a large revenue loss that seems to
have gone untouched by the legislator. In a time where people are looking for answers, considering
the effects that exemptions have on the Louisiana State budget could potentially show additional
measures of cost saving. The tax system was created as a way for the government to raise revenue
and provide services on the behalf of those who pay those taxes. The burden of the level of taxes
paid by the citizen seems to continue to increase, but the purpose of tax exemptions, according to
the Louisiana Budget Project, is to encourage certain activities–such as economic development, the
hiring and training of the unemployed, and the development of low–income housing. The

Religious Tax Exemption For The United States
In the fourth century, from 306–337, the first religious tax exemption was formed by Constantine,
the Emperor of Rome, which granted the Christian church complete tax exemption from all forms of
taxation, in an act of his conversion to Christianity. Now almost seventeen hundred years later
churches remain tax exempt and cause a burden on the U.S. economy. Because of this burden,
religious facilities should no longer remain tax exempt because churches help contribute to the U.S.
debt, sell products overpriced, and let pastors live wealthy life's off of the churches revenue.
The United States as of November 2014 is $16,787,451,118,147 dollars in debt. Churches tax
exemption causes the United States a burden because, as of a study conducted by Jeff Schweitzer,
PhD, a former white house senior policy analyst, churches own about 500 billion dollars' worth of
untaxed property. According to another survey estimates that "stringent enforcement of religious tax
exempt facilities could generate up to $16.75 billion in additional annual revenue – almost enough
to fund NASA for a year."( Bekiempis, Victoria, Newsweek Global) this is already a large sum of
money but , " Less conservative estimates, including an academic paper that pondered the fiscal
implications of taxing all churches like for–profit corporations, put that number at $71 billion –
enough to send a Mars Rover into space almost every two weeks."( Bekiempis, Victoria, Newsweek
Global) With that kind of money being taxed

Tax Exempt Unjust
I believe that religious facilities should no longer be tax exempt. It is unjust and unfair for religious
facilities to remain tax exempt . Ever since the roman ages religious facilities have been tax exempt,
meaning that they don't pay property tax or any tax at all. The 1954 federal Johnson Amendment
prohibits a pastor from talking about candidates from the pulpit in light of Scripture. Thus, based on
what a pastor says about an election from the pulpit, the tax code allows the government to tax a
church. For over two–hundred years in america has been tax exempt, because of this the annual
donations they rain in per year in the United States alone is about one–billion dollars. Religious
facilities, like every other non–profit organization ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The US Supreme Court, in a majority opinion written by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger in Walz v.
Tax Commission of the City of New York, decided May 4, 1970, stated: "The exemption creates
only a minimal and remote involvement between church and state, and far less than taxation of
churches. It restricts the fiscal relationship between church and state, and tends to complement and
reinforce the desired separation insulating each from the other." If we start taxing churches some
people worry that the government will pick and choose who they want to tax. The Government can't
pick and choose which ones are silly and which ones are legitimate. It must practice "benevolent
neutrality." If you tax the TV evangelist you don't like, then you also must tax the
Unitarian/Universalist congregation, the synagogue, the Catholic parish, the Amish and every other
religious center. Another big subject some people worry that this violates the church and state
separation. There are many reasons that Separation of church and state is important , but often, they
are discriminative of those who believe is specific faiths. For instance, (SCS) Separation of church
and state commonly prevent Christians from professing the word of god on school

Tax Research Paper
74353
777 Cross St.
Moscow, ID 83843
May 4, 2012
Mr. Andy Squeeze
3471 Paradise Ridge Rd.
Viola, Idaho 83872
Dear Mr. Squeeze,
Currently, you own all of the stock in Valley Hardware Store Inc., a corporation that operates in
Viola, Idaho. Mr. Broker, of Big Investment Company has given you 2 recommendations: the first
recommendation is that you should move your investments in Certificates of Deposits(CD's) to state
and municipal bonds; the second recommendation given is that you should take out another
mortgage as additional capital to also be converted into Municipal bonds. The purpose of which is to
receive a double tax benefit offered by taking advantage of both the interest deductions on the new
mortgage allowed under ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
§163(a) and I.R.C. §103(a).
As for the issue of whether or not you should take out another mortgage in order to supplement the
conversion of Certificate of Deposits into Municipal Bonds, again, I.R.C. §265(a)(2) comes into
effect and disallows any interest deductions sought, thus, removing the profitable advantage offered
though the interest rates. In similar situations, such as Wisconsin Cheeseman, Inc. v. United States,
388 F. 2d 420 (1968), the Court ruled against the taxpayer on the claim that the taxpayer was only
allowed deductions on the interest of the indebtedness incurred prior to the purchase of the tax
exempt investments, meaning that only the interest deductions on the new debt incurred was
disallowed. In Wynn v. United States, 411 F. 2d 614 (1969), the taxpayer was also disallowed to
claim any deduction for the interest payments on the loans he incurred from the bank, the purpose of
which was to expand the amount of tax–exempt securities the taxpayer currently possessed. In
Drybrough v. Commissioner, 376 F. 2d 350 (1967), that taxpayer also tries to deduct the interest
payments on his leveraged mortgages in order to expand their tax–exempt investment fund, and
again, the Court referred to I.R.C. §265(a)(2), which forbids such deductions on the basis that the
sum of the interest paid was used to purchase tax exempt securities, thus ruling against the taxpayer.
Although the Court's ruled

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