A Career In Criminal Profiling

A Career In Criminal Profiling
Criminal profiling is where the characteristics of a criminal, whether it be a murder or just a thief,
are analyzed to try to find and catch the criminal. Profilers try to learn the motive of the criminal in
order to find out where they might hit next. They also study the descriptions that the victims, if there
is a victim, gives to them to figure out what the criminal might look like. Even without a victim the
profilers are able to get general profile of the criminal.
Criminal profiling is a way to shorten the list of suspects more and more to reach the person who
committed the crime. A profiler can also be referred to as a Forensic Psychologist (Writer). There
are many jobs that a profiler has to be able to do but there only two main jobs.
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Serial Killers: The FBI Agent Position
When hearing about serial killers or criminals do you ever wonder what went through their minds or
why they committed the crime they did? These FBI agents examine crime scenes, create a profile of
the perpetrator, and describe their habits and predict their next move. The FBI method of profiling is
a system used to detect and classify the major personality and behavioral characteristics of an
individual based upon analysis of the crime or crimes the person committed. Becoming a profiler
takes time. The FBI requires a four–year college degree in many different majors in order to apply
for the Agent position. You will want to choose a degree that fits you the best to complete your
education. Agents in the BAU (behavioral

Offender Profiling : A Technique For Identifying The...
OFFENDER PROFILING
According to the article, offender profiling is a technique for identifying the personality and
behavioral features of an offender based on an analysis of he/she committed. There are two types of
offender profiling: inductive and deductive profiling. Inductive profiling technique uses an offender
profiling from what is known about other offenders (criminals). Deductive profiling deals with the
criminal's evidence relating to him/her. The aim of the research was to examine the utility of
offender profiles. To evaluate if the offender profiles with an ambiguous profile will demystify the
statements to make them well suited to a potential suspect. Offender profiles have been useful to
prioritize suspects in ongoing investigations; however there have been criticisms on profiling. Based
on Alison et al., stated that after the study, they generalized that both participants that received
genuine and bogus suspects had no significant differences, this correspond well with Barnum– type
effect. Therefore, using offender profiles as an investigative tool can be highly suspicious. The study
proposed that, like the participants in the early Barnum studies, individuals might have similar
results. The correlation between participants' interpretation of generic personality sketches and
officers potential reinterpretation, suggest that police will have a hard time to prioritize a particular
suspects because the results come in an extremely large suspects pools that match

Criminal Profiling Research Paper
Putting the Pieces Together
When watching your favorite crime show, there might be a murder. People work together to catch
the killer; there are several different jobs taken up during the investigation. In an investigation, there
is always someone trying to figure out the motive, and that is a criminal profiler. 1. A criminal
profiler works alongside law enforcement and government agencies to catch an unknown perpetrator
(Criminal Justice Programs). There are several parts to being a criminal profiler though. Criminal
Profiling requires an education in criminal justice and psychology and a very important set of skills
which can lead to higher pay with more experience.
2. Criminal Profiling mainly is a type of psychology. Criminal profilers ... Show more content on
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Some traits that are key for becoming a criminal profiler are analytical skills, experience conducting
investigations, research emotional detachment, and understanding of criminal minds and
psychology(Franklin Forensic Colleges 2016). When looking for criminal profilers to hire, these are
the traits that are searched for. Although criminal profilers work with law enforcement on cases,
they do not always work directly with the investigation. Sometimes profilers will provide advice
based off crimes including a series of analyses and assessments such as personality assessments and
causes of death analyses (Franklin Forensic Colleges 2016). 3. The National Center for Analysis of
Violent of Crime, has to deal a lot with criminal profiling and is broken down into five units;
Behavioral Analysis Unit 1, Behavioral Analysis Unit 2, Behavioral Analysis Unit 3, Behavioral
Analysis Unit 4, and Behavioral Research and Instruction Unit (Federal Bureau of Investigation
2016).14. 15. Most criminal profilers work with the local police department but sometimes with the
FBI and other government organizations. 13. The average salary, according to Forensic Colleges, for
criminal profilers is estimated around $80,540 per year while Career Profiles believes it can range
from $35,000 to as high as $105,000 a year. Salary of a criminal profiler can depend on the amount
experience the person

Jack The Ripper Profiling Analysis
Profiling has been used since the early 1800s, when it was used to gain some insight into the
possible identity of British serial killer Jack the Ripper (Winerman, 2004), and while profiling has
more recently been used by police services across several countries to help with prevention and
management of crime (Alison 2005), it has also become a valuable tool in the investigation of
serious crime and crime sprees. Profiling refers to the process of analysing and interpreting all
available information from a crime scene, a victim and other similar crimes to compose a profile of
an unknown perpetrator and narrow down the field of investigation (Douglas et al 1986a, Muller
2000, Ainsworth 2013). Since its emergence, other distinctive styles of ... Show more content on
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According to Jackson and Bekerian (2007), by analysing the behaviour exhibited at a crime (or
series of crimes) interpretations can be made about the unknown offender(s), therefore this approach
uses the systematic analysis of a crime scene (or scenes in a spate of a similar crimes) to identify the
typology of offender(s).
Through the analysis of the crime scene data offenders are classified has having either organised or
disorganised characteristics (Hazelwood and Douglas,1980a), this is evidenced in a study carried out
by Ressler et al (1986).
From research based on interviews with serial killers and rapists and the analysis of their crimes
Ressler et al (1986a) found that offenders who showed organised characteristics were often of above
average intelligence, in skilled occupation, and socially and/or sexually competent. Their crimes
typically appeared planned, controlled in execution and involved the removal or evidence. Whereas
disorganised offenders were often of below average intelligence, unemployed or in unskilled work
and lived alone. They tended to commit crimes spontaneously, very little control and left evidence at
the crime scene (Ressler et al, 1986b). Ressler concluded his research by stating that a crime scene
revealed unmistakable evidence of whether the crime had been committed by an
organised/disorganised offender and therefore could be used the same way as a fingerprint to help
identify and apprehend a

Use Of Forensic DNA Profiling
The use of forensic DNA can be a valuable tool in the investigative field. The use of DNA profiling
has only been around for 20 years in criminal investigations. The first famous DNA forensic
analysis took place in 1986 when the British police used DNA fingerprinting to solve a case
involving the rape and murder of two girls. Today, police departments work with the Combined
DNA Index System of the FBI, which has computerized records of the DNA of individuals who
have been convicted in the past. Recently, federal laws have been passed to include preconviction
DNA in their databases. In 2013, the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Maryland v. King that the
collection and testing of DNA can be done without a warrant.
Today, many people are concerned

The Characteristics Of Offender Profiling
Offender profiling is the identification of personality and behavioural characteristics of the criminal
offender(s) by analysing the crime that has been committed. Snook, Cullen, Bennell, Taylor, &
Gendreau's (2008) review explains that people's belief in criminal profiling is an illusion, as they
state that there is a lack of empirical evidence. The first profile was created by James Brussel, who
managed to accurately capture multiple characteristics of the 1956 New York Bomber, George
Metesky. Another accurate profile was the first UK profile of the Railway Rapist (1983–86), John
Duffy, created by David Canter. However, not all profiles are accurate; as with the case of Rachel
Nickell's Murder in 1992. Paul Britton broadcasted a criminal profile that happened to match up to a
man called Colin Stagg, who was, in fact, innocent, as found out 16 years after the case was
dismissed, due to its lack of evidence, when Robert Napper admitted to the murder in 2008.
The criminal investigative approach was created in the 1970s by the American FBI and it bases
criminal profiles off of knowledge gained from examining the scene of the offence. This approach
has been simplified by Hicks & Sales (2006), and Homant & Kennedy (1998), into three stages of
work. Police will gather data from the crime scene as well as pathologist's reports and witness
statements (stage one), then pass them on to a criminal profiler who will construct a profile of
possible personality and behavioural

Criminal Profiling: Forensic Evaluation In Criminal Profiling
Forensic evaluation in criminal profiling Forensic evaluations intended to maintain the objectivity of
a criminal profiler of which safeguards them from any potential investigative, forensic expectations
as well as, impulsive theories. Additionally, both the profiler's neutrality and their uncertainty which
is a condition using the scientific method provides assistance to the profiler in avoiding the
misconceptions of a priori investigative biased attitudes (Turvey, p. 145. 2012).
Predatory behaviors in crime scene behaviors Criterion used to determine predatory behavior in
forensic analysis includes a number of characteristics including planned and premeditated violence,
lack of remorse and guilt, focused and heightened awareness, and variety

Criminal Profiling In Criminal Investigations
Criminal profiling is a technique used to identify the major personality and behavioral
characteristics of an individual based upon the characteristics of the crime they have committed
(Douglas et al. 1986,p.405). This technique has become increasingly popular and notorious through
its exaggerated use in television and other popular media. Particularly in the movie Silence of the
Lambs a thriller in which criminal profiling is used to apprehend a serial killer. There is no doubt
that due to its popularity in pop culture it has become increasingly present in real life investigations.
Despite this its quite apparent that due to a number of reasons it is rarely useful in police
investigations and in some cases has the ability to mislead or derail ... Show more content on
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In the study participants were required to read profiles and rate their accuracy, it found that the
investigators or individuals would pay more attention or give more weight to the hits in the profile
rather than the misses. This means the investigators were giving profiles greater value than
deserved, observed by the majority of officers rating the ambiguous profiles as useful (Alison, Smith
and Morgan, 2003). The participants selectively noting these hits and discarding misses is most
likely due to the inflated opinions of the expertise of the offender profiler (Alison, Smith and
Morgan, 2003). This is very significant because it reflects that investigators are likely to concede
that the "expert opinion" holds more weight than their own and instead of critically evaluating these
profiles, they are more likely to take the profiles statements as correct or accurate. This in itself has
the possibility to mislead investigations where offender profiling is used and speaks as to why they
should not be used as anything other than a last resort in

Journal Of Police And Criminal Psychology, 23(2), 49–50. doi:10.1007/s11896–008–9025–8
The journal focuses on the ethical and legal issue affecting criminal profiling. First, there not a
single peer–reviewed system of measurement practices that has been developed. In addition, there is
no agreed methodology of conducting criminal profiling. It means there is no scientific basis upon
which profiling underlies. The media also portrays profiling as a romantic or heroic profession,
hence resulting in an inappropriate perception of profiling. Criminal profiling can also be at times
undesirable as it can lead to delays as it can suggest inappropriate directions or suspects in an
investigation. Bensimon, M. (2009). Book Review: Victimology, ... Show more content on
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The first method is through geographical profiling. Geographic profiling is where investigators use
the past crime patterns of an offender to determine his/her current location. Investigators usually
need a minimum of five crimes in order to come up with an accurate geographic pattern.
Investigators use the different locations of the crime to narrow down a particular place where the
offender could likely to be located. Offenders are usually located in their places of work,
entertainment joints, and popular routes or even in his home. The other method of criminal profiling
is investigative psychology. It uses peer–reviewed research to acquire facts about an offender.
Another method of criminal profiling is criminal investigative analysis. In such an analysis,
investigators identify the behaviors of the criminal and create a group based on such behaviors. The
other method is behavioral evidence analysis. It involves examining evidence of when and how a
particular event took place. It includes objects in the crime scene such as blood stains or footprints.
These objects are used to establish the traits and patterns of the

Criminal Profiling Case Study
Profiling is the recording and analysis of a person's psychological and behavioral characteristics, it
helps to assess or predict their capabilities in a certain area or to assist in identifying a particular
subgroup of people. Looking at the makeup of a crime can help to identify who the subject is. All
suspects have different signatures and modus operandi that connect crime to person, and it would
not be successful without connecting the crime scene to the background of a person through
psychology. Below are three criminal cases that used psychology and criminal profiling to have a
result in successful trackings. The first case, that of Joseph Paul Franklin, also recognized as "The
Racist Killer", was born into a poor Alabama family. He ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The killings began in 1979 and went on for a long twenty two months. Looking at the victims of the
killings, they all fit one profile, "young, African–American males taken in public areas during
daylight. "(Five). Although Williams was only convicted of the murders of two adults, he was also
thought to be the one behind the death of more than twenty others. The string of cases of the twenty
others was known as the Atlanta Child Murders, after the discovery of two young black children
were found murdered and hidden under bushes. As more victims were being found, Williams
changed his modus operandi. He went from hiding the bodies to dumping them into the
Chattahoochee River, allowing investigators to get a better lead and staking out all 14 of the bridges
above the river. "a group of law–enforcement officers on surveillance at the river heard a loud splash
around 3 a.m. On the bridge, a car fled the scene, and the police pursued and pulled it over. The
driver was Wayne Williams, a 22–year–old black freelance photographer. The police had no idea
what the splash was at this point, so they had to let Williams go" (Wayne). Just a few days later a
body was found in the river, allowing investigators to call Williams back in for questioning. He was
then arrested and given two subsequent life sentences for the murder of two men, and not being
convicted of the other twenty murders they thought to be connected to

Unsub Crime Examples
Profilers also try to identify the unsubs signature, which is easy to find from examining multiply or
just one crime scene. A signature is what the unsub does to satisfy his psychological needs in
committing the crime. Such as taking something from the victim that the agents can identify easily,
like cutting their hair, stealing jewelry, clothing or pictures. Also giving the victim something they
didn't have before like dressing them all in the same apparel, giving them piercings, simply making
them look like a loved one or someone the unsub is obsessed with to help the unsub recreate a
memory of something they miss. For an example, Jack the Ripper, a well–known murderer that
killed at least five London female prostitutes. Each victim was

The Pros And Cons Of Profiling
Over the years, profiling has become an interest to many people in the world today. According to
Richard Kocsis, a psychologist in Sydney, Australia; "criminal profiling has over the past four
decades, steadily grown both in its use by law enforcement agencies and in terms of research
endeavors invested its development" (79). Although profiling serial killers has become a big
fascination, it is uncertain if it is successful or not. Many questions that arose about profiling were:
how do investigators identify serial killers, what methods do investigators use in profiling, how
technology and social media affect profiling and how accurate is profiling. In addition, the profiling
of serial killers has started to develop over the past years, making ... Show more content on
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Wolf and Lavezzi believe that technology, such as computers, are useful in relating information
from case to case. Since computers have everything stored on it, government officials can see all the
emails, text messages, and histories that were searched on websites to try and track down the
offender. These databases on computers keep society safe because of the extensive amount of
information accumulated. With technology these days, profiling serial killers has become difficult
due to social media. Profiling is a lot harder than portrayed on television since not every profile is
accurate on the killer. According to Robert Keppel, and William Birnes, "profiling can usually be a
disaster leading investigators down wrong trails, and prolonging the investigation" (130).
Sometimes the offenders are smart enough to know that the police have incorrectly profiled them, so
the killer changes its tactics in the crime to confuse the FBI more. Keppel and Birnes point out that,
when a killer hears that the profile from the radio or television is not correct, it can make matters
worse since the public calms down "with the false assurance that an arrest is just around the corner"
(131). Although it assures the public, social media interrupts the process of finding these serial

The Effectiveness of DNA Profiling in Forensics Essay
Forensics has been greatly enhanced by technology. DNA profiling is one of the technologies that
has influenced efficiency and credibility of forensic evidence. The FBI first started using DNA in
one of its cases in 1988. In Europe, the United Kingdom opened a DNA database in 1955 (Milena,
2006). The main use of the DNA is to compare the evidence collected at crime scene with the
suspects. In addition, it helps to establish a connection between the evidence and the criminals. The
investigations have been simplified through the use of technology and DNA has been one of the
most effective methods in investigations.
The use of DNA databases has been to improve the authenticity of the evidence through matching
scene evidence with suspects' ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The three strike law has been adopted by many other states across the United States and for this
reason there have been reduced repeat offences.
Discussion Board
The application of technology in forensics has been one of the major developments in forensics.
This is because the technology has enhanced the quality of evidence collected trough increased
credibility and reliability. The DNA databases have for example enhanced the manner in which
investigators connect crimes with perpetrators. In addition, the database has made it easier to
develop a connection between repeat offenders in the application of the three strike law. Since
identifying repeat offenders requires connecting crimes with suspects, the databases improve the
connection.
DNA databases as well as the application of three strike law have made the justice system to become
reliable in implementation of its mandates of fairness. In addition, there has been a significant
reduction in criminal offences since offenders are aware of the effectiveness of investigations. The
databases have therefore ensured fairness and justice prevail. The book by Zimring, Kamin and
Gordon (2003) explains on the effects of there strike law in California. It illustrates how the use of
three strike law effectively eliminates criminal activities especially from repeat offenders. Gabriel,
Huffine, Ryan, Holland, and Parsons (2001) have also developed research on how DNA has
influenced forensic

Forensic Profiling
From Ted Kaczynski, the Unabomber, to Al Qaeda, the perpetrators of the September 11 attacks,
terrorism in the form of bombs has always been recognized as a perpetual threat to society, only
increasing as tensions with groups like ISIS grow. However, in the past decade, a new wave of
terrorism has been on the rise: shootings. And with every subsequent attack, the dissemination of
fear among the people expedites, making it difficult for anyone to feel completely safe anymore. As
a result, law enforcement has been desperately searching for innovative measures that can be taken
in order to prevent such devastations. This includes turning to forensic profiling, attempts to
understand these perpetrators' minds, so as to catch early signs of preparation ... Show more content
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Raifman's profile is static, meaning it is similar to a checklist; you either meet the criteria or you
don't. Small deviations from the profile doesn't necessarily rule someone out, but it does lower the
possibility that the subject will certainly act based on their past issues. Essentially, Raifman provides
a list of attributes that many of these attackers may possess. On the contrary, NCC's process is
dynamic and more of a sequential profile. It can be analogous to a highway from Baltimore to New
York, as Dr. Raifman's says: there are many exits that you can take that will deviate from the path to
New York, but if you stay on the pathway and don't leave the exits, you consequently end up at your
destination (or in this case, you may end up as a terrorist). The NCC model splits into three main
steps: radicalization, mobilization, and action. These three steps interact with each other in the form
of catalysts and inhibitors that may push the attacker towards the next step or hold them back, the
latter being the desired conclusion. This counters Raifman's profile, which is only a linear model
that checks off each step as the subject passes through them. However, this does not undermine the
validity of this profile in any way. Rather, these key distinctions merely shed light on the potential
differences in the intentions and targets of the

Criminal Profiler's Role In Criminal Investigation
A criminal profiler's goal is to help investigators examine evidence from crime scenes and eye
witness reports not, to solve the crime for investigators.
Typically on television or in a movie, a scene opens with the camera slowly zooming in on a
gruesome crime scene. Then it widens to show a group of suited individuals with blue jackets that
say F.B.I. on the back. They are all pondering over a dead body or bodies. Upon discussion at the
crime scene they return to headquarters and share various photos and bagged evidence with a
criminal profiler. It is from here it all begins. The search. A criminal profiler is a professional that
studies behaviors and thoughts of criminals. They are responsible for evaluating the evidence and
coming ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They all give viewers some insight into what a criminal profiler does. It shows us that almost 100%
of the time the profiler is correct. The profiler gives a clear image and description of the offender.
The police set forth on a manhunt to find, at the time, this imaginary person. All efforts go towards it
and by the end of the movie the killer or killers are caught. Reality is not that easy. Even with
criminal profiling there is no clear path leading to the offender at the end. The criminal profiler's
goal as mentioned in the beginning to help investigators examine evidence from crime scenes and
eye witness reports, not to solve the crime for investigators. To do so they have developed methods
to try to help investigators zero in on the suspect such as organized/disorganized dichotomy and
classification schemes. In terms of time, criminal profiling is a very new field. When the field was
first created there was virtually no official scientific input. As the field expands psychologist and
psychiatrist adjust and fine tune what methods have already been established. The myth through
television and movies is that law enforcement is almost immediately supposed to know who the
offender is and have them arrested. The reality is that unless you are psychic or even the best
profiler it is next to impossible to know who you are

Psychological Motive For Committing Stranger Rape Essay
The four different categories included rape, concerning the sexual assault and trauma, predator, the
weapons and restraint used, fury, or trauma to the victim, and perversion, specifically how the
victim's body was disposed of and found (Kocsis, Cooksey, & Irwin, 2002).
Kocsis, Cooksey, and Irwin (2002) were able to categorized 85 sexual murder offenders. This model
can be used to later create criminal profiles depending on the behaviors exhibited at the crime scene.
Behaviors, such as control behaviors, have been found to be significant predictors of offender
characteristics. Goodwill and Alison (2007) wanted examined how planning and sexual aggression
in stranger rape cases predict offender characteristics, specifically the offender's age. Previous
studies have found that violent sexual offenders are younger than non–violent sexual offenders
(Goodwill & Alison, 2007). Goodwill and Alison (2007) hypothesized that planning would reveal
details about the offender's psychological motive for committing stranger rape.
Researchers examined 85 cases of stranger rape occurring between the years of 1997 and 2002,
focusing primarily on evidence of planning and sexual violence. Planning included items brought to
the crime scene by the offender, such as a rape kit and disguise and sexual violence was considered
aggressive if excessive physical violence was used to subdue and control the victim. Goodwill and
Alison (2007) found that planning and sexual aggression were significant

Criminal Profiling Essay
The method of criminal profiling is one of the most widely taught methods in the world for finding
the physical identity of a suspect. What was originally coined for use by the Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI), is now essentially a worldwide go–to for catching criminals. Although criminal
profiling does not catch the suspect authorities are looking for, it is a tremendous help finding an
unsub (Loreto). The way to becoming a criminal profiler is extremely diverse. One must obtain a
GED or high school diploma to qualify to get a bachelor's degree. A bachelor's degree is required in
what is typically criminal justice, psychology, or behavioral science. An individual must also be a
US Citizen, be holding a valid driver's license, at least ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Howard Teten and Patrick Mullany are known to have launched what is now known as the FBI'S
Behavioral Analysis (BAU), which is focused on using criminal profiling to find the country's most
dangerous criminals. In 1960, the two had fully developed a hypothesis that one would be able to
determine the physical identity of the person authorities were looking for by what one would find at
a crime scene. Teten offered his first profile in 1970 during a murder investigation of a woman who
had been stabbed in her home. After reviewing evidence and using his profile to catch the
perpetrator, Teten's profile turned out to be correct (psychologytoday). Not much has changed since
the trend of a profile was set. Profilers still use the same method and work with Police Departments
and the Federal Government. Occasionally, a team or individual with work as a freelance consultant.
The FBI has caught hundreds of criminal since criminal profiling was established, and they have
Teten and Mullany to thank for that (CriminalProfilingSummary). Today, law enforcement agencies
essentially rely on profilers to be able to identify the suspect or suspects in a specific investigation

Overview of Criminal Profiling Essay
Being a criminal profiler is not like it is on all the television shows, but it is still an interesting and
important job. Criminal profilers have been used to close many police and federal cases. They work
in several homicide cases involving rape, racial killings, brutal killings, and involving serial killers.
They help make it easier for the police to find the right person by examining the crime scene. Being
a criminal profiler is a tough job but with hard work and dedication it is a great career choice. A
criminal profiler gives a description of what they think the suspect looks like and acts like. They do
this by examining the scenes of where the victims were murdered and looking for clues on why the
suspect did it, how they did it, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A criminal profiler can work for the state, federal, or local law. Many work for the FBI, CIA, and as
private investigators. They can also work as an independent consultant or at colleges. Criminal
profilers are also able to testify in the court room (CriminalJusticePrograms). Some personal
qualifications to be a criminal profiler are they must be able to examine gruesome crime scenes and
be able to deal with appalling killers; having a weak stomach would not be good for this job. They
must also be well organized and ready for some tough work (Denis). An overemotional, easily
spooked, or somebody who does not understand others emotions well would not be a good match
with this career. Somebody with a logical mind and enjoys solving puzzles would fit much better in
this career (Dwilson). Not all profilers fit in these characteristics but it will help one understand if
they could be a potential good match. "I would only recommend people if they have the right
temperament and personality: you cannot be timid or scared in this line of work (Wilson).
Educationally there is not a certain degree one needs to take because this field is so small. There are
several different options to choose from. Taking courses in topics of police investigation or death
investigation is a good start. Having a master's degree or a Ph. D will improve the chances of
finding somewhere to get a job. Most profilers have a degree in psychology or more

Profiling In Civil Courts
Summary: Profiling isn't only used to find suspects; it can also be used in civil courts. Families that
may want to rule their loved ones' death as an accident & not suicide can rely on a profiler to prove
this in order to receive benefits from their life insurance. There are two paths to admissions of
evidence. First path of attorney tries to introduce the original report prepared by the profiler to
demonstrate or propose to a jury that the defendant matches or doesn't match. When defense
attorney introduces a profile, it is to convince that the profiler does not match their client. In the
second path profilers report the comparison for two or more crimes, case linkage. In trail courts,
judge and juries hear and weight evidence and decide

Criminal Profiling History
Criminal profiling is an investigative tool used by law enforcement agencies to find the probable
characteristics of a criminal offender as it pertains to committing a certain crime. This article
provides historical and development of criminal profiling, the definitions, how criminal profiling is
helpful to law enforcement agencies, the correlation to criminals and the crimes and methods used.
The methods that are used to help narrow down the suspects to a certain crime, help with case
similarities, develop leads, and help plan investigative strategies.
History is a continuous study on past events that helps us understand concepts based on prior
knowledge and experience. We must first understand the history of criminal profiling, to know ...
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These include the antecedent, method, disposal, and post–offence behavior. First is the antecedent,
the profilers try to determine why the offender decided to act in a criminal manner and if there were
any triggers? Next is the modus operandi could lead to clues about the offender. There is the idea
that an offender is likely to commit a particular type of crime in a particular or similar pattern
(Grubin, 1995). Then the profiler will look at what state the victim was left at the scene and where.
Many murderers will leave the victim at their home or dump the body in a different location. Then
they will look at how and if the criminal acts out after the crime such as contacting the media or
sending threatening letter to the police. Some more evidence profilers look at is the "signature"
which is a personal make or imprint that the offender leaves behind. This just serves as the
perpetrators emotional or psychological needs and it tends to be the same throughout all crimes.
Another instance they look at is if any staging occurred at the crime scene, such as position of body,
this can narrow down the perpetrators to rape–murder or autoerotic deaths. With the knowledge of
all these factors, it helps determine and create a profile for

Psychological Profiiling : The Dangers Of Psychological...
When a series of major bombings rocked the city of New York in the 1950s, the police were at a loss
of who the potential bomber could be. At wits end, they decided to go an atypical route and hire
psychiatrist James Brussel for the case. According to Louis Schlesinger, from simply looking at the
crime scenes and other evidence that the police had gathered, Brussel was able to create an
extremely detailed profile. Brussel said to, "Look for a heavy man. Middle age. Foreign born.
Roman Catholic. Single. Lives with a brother or sister. When you find him, chances are he'll be
wearing a double–breasted suit. Buttoned." (74) Consequently, police narrowed their search to fit
this profile, and were astounded that when they found a man, George Metesky, who fit this profile
down to a T, even having a buttoned double breasted suit. Moreover, this caused the FBI to gain an
interest in this process and became what is now known as psychological profiling. (Schlesinger 75)
Ordinarily, psychological profiling is used in criminal cases. Richard Kocsis describes it as " ... the
technique of analyzing behavior patterns of a crime or series of crimes to primarily construct a
descriptive template of the probable offender."(126) According to Schlesinger, Brussel said he did
this by offering, "deductions about the kind of person who would have carried out a crime in a
particular way." (75) Profilers tend to match personality traits to the types of crimes that a criminal
may commit as well as

Criminal Profiling
Many crime shows have started to depict some form of criminal profiling. However, Criminal
Minds is one of the shows that focuses on these premises the most. Some of the depictions mirror
real life profiling, while others falsify our image of a real profilers work. This false depiction could
have implications for the way society views profilers and their job.
Some of the more accurate portrayals of criminal profiling where for example the use of some of the
right terminology such as Unsub to describe the perpetrator of the crime. Further, the show depicts
that some of the FBI profilers' knowledge comes from apprehended serial murderers and their
behaviour, either won from looking at their crimes or through interviews conducted by the FBI. As
real profilers due, the profilers on Criminal Minds look at a crime scene and the body of the victim
to infer characteristics of the Unsub. In the case of this episode they found beheaded women placed
in public areas. Since ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Usually criminal profilers do not get involved in the police investigation but only provide a profile
that is supposed to provide help as a small part in the overall investigative process. On the show, the
profilers are not only responsible for the profile, but also for the interviewing of witnesses and
family members of the victims, for talking to the press and for arresting the Unsub. Another
inaccurate portrayal is the fact that the FBI profilers are in charge of the investigation. As depicted
in the show, as soon as they arrive they take control over the local police force and are the head of
the investigation. This is inaccurate since it is uncommon for the FBI profilers to take charge over
the investigation. Usually they are just a resource for the local police and work to help them focus
and narrow down their

Criminal Profiling Essay
For many years criminal profiling has been used in crime shows such as CSI, Law & Order, and
Criminal Minds. The audience is always on edge and thrilled as to how they accurately and briskly
catch the perpetrator; and get a detailed and heart felt confession at the end of the hour long episode.
However, as we have focused on in this Psychology class, that is not an accurate portrayal of the
real thing. Criminal profiling and forensic science is useful, but can we really say exactly how useful
they are in the real world? In this article review, it focuses on the crime solving tools used in history,
the evolvement of forensic science and the explanation of criminal profiling and its actual use in real
life cases, it is titled "The Utilization ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most killers were caught by someone who knew them personally, and was reported to police. It
seems as though forensic science, such as fingerprinting or DNA widen the field, but does little to
catch a suspect. These tools are mainly used to create a conviction of a crime against killers that are
already in custody. As for criminal profiling, it cannot be treated as an investigative tool according
to this study. It has to be used as an "extra" that can be utilized to somewhat narrow the scope for
investigators, but not identify the killer. According to this study, the utilization of the public is the
most helpful in catching a serial

Marian Reyes
Junior Research Period 5
Mr.Ryder
6 April 2017
The Reliability of Criminal Profiling Since the late 1800s, the reliability of criminal profiling has
been a very controversial topic in regards to whether it is is an art or a science. Many factors go into
play when it comes down to determining the correct perpetrator of a crime such as observation and
analysis of crime scenes, victims and most importantly looking into the criminal's mind. Psychology
plays a great part in the apprehension of criminals, profilers aim at predicting a suspect's possible
residence, family life and most importantly the characteristics of the person such as height, weight
and any other clues that would prove helpful. Despite few similarities, criminal ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The Reality of Criminal Profiling"The Law Dictionary. The Law Dictionary, n.d. Web. 30 Mar.
2017.
Holmes, Ronald M., and Stephen T. Holmes. Profiling Violent Crimes: An Investigative Tool. Los
Angeles: Sage, 2009. Books.google. Google, 1 Oct. 1989. Web. 2 Apr. 2017.
Institute, Police Science. "Private Investigation Training, Police Science Institute."Police Science
Institute. Police Science Institute, n.d. Web. 02 Apr. 2017.
Kocsis, Richard N. and George B. Palermo. "Criminal Profiling as Expert Witness Evidence: The
Implications of the Profiler Validity Research." International Journal of Law & Psychiatry, vol. 49,
Nov2016 Part A, pp. 55–65. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.05.011.
Kratz, Diane. "Do You Know Who Was the First Profiler in the FBI?" Profiles of Murder. Diane
Kratz, 17 Apr. 2012. Web. 05 Apr. 2017.
Lowe, Andrew (2002) "Criminal profiling in the investigative process," The National Legal Eagle.
Bond University, Apr 2002.Web.7 Mar. 2017.
Mburu, Lucy and Marco Helbich. "Evaluating the Accuracy and Effectiveness of Criminal
Geographic Profiling Methods: The Case of Dandora, Kenya." Professional Geographer,

The History Of Criminal Profiling
Profiling has been used around the world for hundreds of years. Many people do not realize that
they use profiling in their everyday lives. From watching one's body language to looking at one's
appearance, profiling is regularly by ordinary people. When profiling is applied to a crime scene it is
known as criminal profiling. Criminal profiling is considered an investigative tool used by law
enforcement in order to identify suspects or prevent future crimes of an offender from happening.
Criminal profiling is used as a tool when there is no conclusive evidence that can be inferred from a
crime scene. With criminal profiling, profilers use the crime scene and other observations in order to
conduct a profile, as a result, profilers are able ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In these books there were many detectives that used profiling as an investigative tool when solving a
crime. One of the most famous detectives was Sherlock Holmes created by Arthur Conan Doyle,
from the Sherlock Holmes books (Ibe). There were many instances in the Sherlock Holmes novels
where Doyle used profiling techniques similar to the ones profilers use today (Ibe). Many times,
fictional character Sherlock Holmes, would use common sense and logic in order to crack down on
a specific part of a case. Sherlock Holmes somewhat foreshadowed the criminal profilers in today's
society by using observations, experience and reasoning when conducting a profile in important
cases (Ibe). The difference with profiling today is profilers have the advantage with their knowledge
of psychology (Ibe). In other words, they are able to have a better understanding of who is most
likely to commit a crime and why. Criminal profiling started progressing and because of psychology
criminal profilers were able to better understand certain people and groups by establishing general
principles about

Psychological Profiling: Ted Bundy
Not all of us can be the super–mineded criminal profilers we see in Criminal Minds, CSI, and Law
and Order. Psychological profiling is a long process that requires observation and critical thinking
under pressure; it has been around since the 19th century. Profiling assistance has kept horrendous
criminals like Jeffrey Dahmer from keeping their insanity plea. It also has played a key role in the
capture of Ted Bundy, and linking him to other murders.
According to Fiona Guy of crimetraveller.org, many skills are required for criminal profiling.
Not everyone has what it takes to observe violent crime scenes.
It is easy to overlook important observations and clues.
Killer's modus operandi (how they carry out a crime) can be similar.
Looking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Profilers ruled Bundy responsible for many more murders in Colorado, in which all victims were
bludgeoned and strangled.
Profilers related crimes through Bundy's signature. A signature is how a murderer normally kills.
Actforlibraries.org stated that Ted Bundy killed thirty women over the span of five years.
Ted Bundy was caught multiple times after killing for traffic violations.
He was labeled as a sexual psychopath. A sexually psychopath is a condition of psychopathic
personality manifesting itself through sexually sadistic behavior or hurting victims sexually.
A "psychological evaluation done later showed that he had a strong dependency on women; and that
he had a fear of being humiliated in his relationships with women."
Bundy's victims were all white, thin, single women. That uncovered that he was most likely white,
looked non–threatening, and looked respectable.
"Women are less likely especially in the 1970's to go out or help a man of a different race or
someone who looked dangerous."
He had victims in multiple states, so profilers deduced that he had access to a

The Forensic Science of Criminal Profiling Essay
The Forensic Science of Criminal Profiling
Profiling: an invaluable tool for catching criminals and killers. Profiling is a relatively new approach
to crime solving, put in place by forensic psychiatrists. Criminal profiling is the process by which a
practitioner analyses information from a crime scene in order to create physical and psychological
profile of the perpetrator. All information from a crime scene is a reflection of the criminal's
behavior. And this behavior can create a surprisingly accurate picture of the offender. (Forensic FAQ
p. 2) Forensic science has been in practice for centuries; the first textbook on forensic science was
printed in China during the 1200's; in the early 1800's, a technique was developed the ... Show more
Profiling is a valuable tool for police work because it can help narrow the search for an offender,
lower the potential number of victims, allow for better interrogation methods when a suspect is in
custody and lastly the profiler can act as an expert witness and help jurors understand motives of the
offender.
Profiling tries to determine specific characteristics about an offender: lifestyle, personal habits,
occupation, gender, size, marital status, remorse or guilt, aggressiveness, skill level and education
and so on. The goal is to identify and predict. Before a forensic profile can be created, a full forensic
investigation of the crime must be performed. During the forensic investigation, several facts are
observed: location of the crime, a public street or the victim's house, condition the crime scene was
left, whether it was neat or torn apart, body position and post or pre rigor mortis, force of entry or
unlocked doors, the weather, temperature of surroundings, this could be the temperature of a cup of
coffee or bowl of ice cream, patterns of blood and footprints. Physical evidence is then collected and
preserved: blood, semen, weapons, fibers, hairs, fingerprints and footprints are also taken.
Second, the characteristics of the crime scene are looked at. Photographs of the victim and scene are
taken to determine how the crime was carried out. Investigators look at the type of weapons used, if

A Visual Of The Mitochondrial Dna
Figure 2. A visual of the mitochondrial DNA molecule shows where the DNA gets analyzed by
forensic geneticists, the hypervariable regions 1 and 2.
Figure 3.
The results of the TaqMan system containing the DNA numbers from various analyzed sampled.
Thesis Discussion
DNA phenotyping serves to determine the physical attributes of a specific individual based off of
genetic material that was left behind at a crime scene. By being able to determine physical traits
such as hair color, eye color, height and skin pigmentation researchers can narrow in on the
appearance of a person who committed a crime. This is crucial in forensic genetics who's geneticists
play a vital role in investigating crimes and in turn play a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Science is providing us the chance to change lives and save lives, outweighing the negatives that
may result. Forensic DNA Phenotyping will make crime investigation increasingly more efficient
due to it's ability to determine certain attributes of the suspect. Instead of the police investigators
searching for a suspect without any idea of who they should be searching for, through DNA
phenotyping police can now have a narrower clue as to the appearance of the individual due to the
ability to determine their faces morphology including hair color, eye color, skin pigmentation,
gender, and height. Compared to current practice of racial profiling used by investigators following
a crime, DNA phenotyping would eliminate this practice by providing and more detailed profile of
who it is they should be searching for. Making forensic DNA phenotyping far more efficient and
reliable then other methods. Also, the use of eye–witnesses who are not always accurate often lead
to the conviction of an innocent individual. This can be prevented by forensic DNA phenotyping and
eliminate the possibility of a wrong accusation by providing genetic basis for it's claims. Though
more phenotyping is in the works, currently sex, hair color, and iris color have been proven, along
with being able to provide a detailed profile of an individual. Also, DNA phenotyping such as
testing for a DNA match, or simply matching DNA/fingerprints to an individual should be used
because the results are fact

Criminal Profiling: The Case Of Jack The Ripper
Criminal Profiling Although criminal profiling is not the flawless and magical process that
entertainment television portrays it to be, it is a valuable investigative tool that aids in the analysis of
crimes and the manner in which they are committed. This behavioral and investigative method is
useful in helping investigators to accurately predict and profile the characteristics of unknown
criminal subjects or offenders. Criminal profiling is based on the belief that it is possible to predict
certain characteristics of an offender by examining the specific details of their offenses. By
combining the knowledge of social and forensic sciences, profilers can make useful predictions
about individual traits or behaviors an offender likely possesses. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
During this time, several FBI agents, including John Douglas and Robert Ressler interviewed and
studied 36 serial murderers in order to develop theories and categories of different types of
offenders. Douglas and Ressler are credited with the development of the "organized/disorganized
dichotomy". This theory suggests organized crimes are premeditated, carefully planned and that
perpetrators of organized crimes leave little evidence to be found at the scene. According to the
classification scheme, organized criminals are antisocial but know right from wrong. They are not
insane and show no remorse. In contrast, disorganized crimes are not planned and criminals leave
evidence such as fingerprints and blood at the crime scenes. Disorganized criminals are often young,
under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or mentally ill. During the past couple of decades, the FBI's
profiling process has been advanced and further developed into a more reliable science. The
organized/disorganized dichotomy has been refined into a continuum and other classification
schemes have been developed. According to FBI, Greg McCrary, "The basic premise is that
behavior reflects personality" (Winerman, 2014). In homicide cases, FBI agents gather insight into
the perpetrator's personality through questioning behavior at four crime phases: antecedent, method
and manner, body disposal, and post–offense

Jeffrey Dahmer Behavior Analysis
Behaviour analysis, FBI agents examine crime scenes, create a profile of the perpetrator, and
describe their habits and predict their next move. The FBI method of profiling is a system used to
detect and classify the major personality and behavioral characteristics of an individual based upon
analysis of the crime or crimes the person committed. Becoming a profiler takes time. The FBI
requires a four–year college degree in many different majors in order to apply for the Agent
position. You will want to choose a degree that fits you the best to complete your education. Agents
in the BAU (behavioral analysis unit) have a variety of degrees from Psychology, Political Science,
Math or Criminal Justice. Some have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For 13 years he would continue to pick up, sexually abuse, and kill them in a variety of ways. But
still carry out the same kinds of weird rituals to dispose of the remains. The now 28–year–old
moved into his own apartment in Milwaukee, in 1988. Where then he bought his own large freezer
too keep his bodys and a large vat he filled with acid which to dissolve their remains. As Dahmer
continued, his practices worsened. He would convince his victims to come to his house where he
would then strangle them to death to have complete control. He would also drug them, drill holes in
their heads and inject acid into the front part of their brains to modify their behaviour. Not only
would he have sex with their lifeless bodies, but would dismember them, eat parts of their flesh and
wear different body parts around his home. As a trophy he would display the severed heads of his
victims on a shelf. Dahmer is known for extreme sexual sadism, dismemberment, and cannibalism.
After a young victim escaped from Dahmer's apartment on july 1991, the police were called.
Initially dahmer was being put under arrest for violating his parole, but later they found the
terrifying practices, pieces of body parts, piles of decomposing skin and several heads displayed
around the home. Sentenced to a 15 life terms, he was murdered by another prisoner on november
28,

Herreshoff Marine Museum Interview Report
According to the Oxford English Dictionary a profile is define as: "The outline of a physical object
or feature, or a representation of this" (Oxford). The act of profiling is to point out qualities that
draw out the uniqueness of what is being describe. Anything can be profiled, whether it is a person,
place or even a passing moment. The key to a great profile is to logically explain your passion in
ethical way. For example, beautiful views of sunsets on the waterfront, Bristol history proudly on
display, and a family atmosphere like no other; the Herreshoff Marine Museum is a marvelous place
to be. During this summer, the Herreshoff Marine Museum had an internship opportunity that is
normally given to a junior Graphic Design major at Roger Williams University but due to an error
there was a vacancy. Fortunately, I was told about this vacancy, volunteered for the position and was
accepted. I have worked at many places but the Herreshoff Marine Museum has several unique and
loving qualities about it that have caused me to stay there, since the internship ended, as their gift
shop clerk. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Volunteers are the life water of the museum. The volunteers include; docents, guides, shipbuilders,
ship designers, and historians. Volunteers can range from novices about boats to lifelong experts,
they come from all over the world but most have land somewhere in the northeast of the United
States of America, and overall they are some of the nicest and most dedicated people I have met. A
great amount of volunteers take much passion in working in the museum; taking in all that can
teach, learning from other workers at the museum, and receiving new information from

Criminal Profiling, Criminal, And Forensic Psychology
Criminal profiling is another subject of criminal and forensic psychology, which is probably one of
the oldest studies of forensic science. Criminal profiling has been called many things, such as
behavioral profiling, crime scene profiling, criminal personality profiling, psychological profiling,
and more recently even criminal investigation analysis. Criminal profiling's history has come from a
history of criminal behavior, the study of mental illnesses, and forensic examinations. Criminal
profiling was adopted by one of the first criminologists, Cesare Lombroso. He studied over 400
Italian prisoners and compared their lifestyles. He studied and compared the inmates due to where
they grew up, their sex and origin, age and race, physical features, and education. In 1876, he
published a book called "The Criminal Man" where he suggested that there were three types of
Criminals. These types consisted of born criminals, insane criminals (those who suffered from a
mental illness that caused the criminal activity), and lastly criminaloids (mental and emotional state
developed and influenced them to be more prone to criminal behaviors). He recognized that certain
mental and physical features linked to criminality, and due to this forensic science was adopted. In
the early 1900's criminal profiling started, but it wasn't until 1943 where most remember the
conclusions. After Adolf Hitler committed suicide, Dr. Walter C. Langer requested to develop a
profile based on his speeches,

The Characteristics Of Criminal Profiling
Introduction
John Douglas, as one of the first criminal profilers and his colleagues defined criminal profiling as
an investigative technique for indentifying the major personality and behavioural characteristics of
anindividual based upon an analysis of the crimes he or she has committed (Douglas, Ressler,
Burgess & Hartman, 1986, p.405). In the famous American television series Criminal Minds,
profiles are widely used. The show is set in Quantica, Virginia, there are some special agents of the
FBI's Behavioural Analysis Unit who are known as behavioural analysist or profilers. They solve the
cases which involves serial killers, analyse their thinking patterns and characteristics, predict their
behaviour before next killing and help the local police to catch the murderer.
Psychological Literature Review
Profiling, as many researches find, is not perfectly accaurcy. Research based on such small and
unrepresentative samples may identify certain behavioral characteristics of the serial killers, but
without a control sample of nonserial killers, the identified characteristics can't tell us much about
how common such characteristics are in the general community (Devery, 2010). Many profilings
can be very blurry and contain information that can apply to many people (Devery, 2010).
Kocsis and Palermo (2015) summerize some tenets in their research: "Profilers are not accurate",
"no links between offender characteristics and crime behaviors", and "criminal profiling relies upon
trait–based connections", etc. The characteristics and behaviours of the offenders are various and
diverse, so profiling cannot alway be accurate, and police cannot relies on the criminal profiling to
find the offenders (Kocsis and Palermo, 2015).
Media Portrayal
Criminal Minds Season 4 Episode 5 "Catching Out" descripe a stroy that six victims have been
killed in a series of burglar homicides in different cities in California. The BAU team found that the
location of these crime all happened along the railway line, so they determined that the offender
used the freight trains to escape and travel across states, targeted homes within a mile of the tracks.
After investigting the crime scenes and profiling the characteristics, the team found the

Financial Profiling: Medical Emergency
Profiling by any other name is still profiling, and requiring potential employees to submit to a credit
check is nothing more than financial profiling. There are hundreds if not thousands of ways of
measuring the character of a person. Out of all the possible ways, a number taken out of context
combined with some demographic information would leave you with a very poor understanding of
that person. Especially if you take into consideration all the influencing factors that can affect your
credit report. Medical emergencies are at the top of the list of factors that can have a negative impact
on your credit. My mother is a successful business woman who was diagnosed with breast cancer
three years ago. After two surgeries, 6 months of chemo and 6 months of radiation treatments, her
medical bills alone ran into the of thousands of dollars. Adding in all the secondary therapies,
treatments and medications, her total costs ended up in the hundreds of thousands of ... Show more
When it came time to renew her policy, though, it was a different story. Her health issues negatively
impacted her rates. She currently pays $1,400 a month in premiums and has a $12,000 deductible
for a policy covering herself and my step dad. My mother is remains lucky in that she can still afford
her health insurance and can pay her ongoing bills. I think most people facing the combination of
thousands in uncovered medical expenses, ongoing treatment and increased insurance costs would
facing be dealing with a serious financial crisis that could deeply impact their credit scores. Credit
scores don't provide information like what it takes to survive major medical issues. They can't
quantify the amount of perseverance, strength and hard work it takes someone to overcome a major
illness, let alone the aftermath of a major illness. If these qualities described an applicant in any
other context, employers would hire them on the

Dna Analysis : Dna Profiling
Tammy Venhuda
Mrs. Paris P.4
English 7–8
10–20–17
DNA Profiling
Hook: Have you ever thought about your personal DNA and why it is important to you? Besides
showing factors of how you grow, develop, and function, your DNA has more to it. What is DNA
profiling? DNA profiling is when someone uses DNA to identify someone, make sure someone is
not being wrongly accused, or to claim criminals. But there are pros and cons to DNA profiling.
This is because some people are for it and others are against it.
Claim/Thesis/Argument: Even though DNA samples violates individuals privacy, DNA profiling
should be a supported controversial science topic because DNA profiling helps prove paternity and
also helps reduces wrongful convictions. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Others also try DNA testing for finding out their ancestors. To learn about relationships and families
and where they came from. How it works is that the DNA sequences looks at the genomes and
compares them to databases to find any similarities. This helps find similar backgrounds and
patterns of genetic variations.
Counterclaim 2: Sometimes the technologies can give incorrect results. Some limitations to ancestry
testing is that these tests are calculated online through private companies. So, the information that is
tested may be wrong. This is because the different companies compare test results to different
databases. Their process works by searching different populations in the past and mixing them all
together. This proves how individuals have different variations in their DNA.
Rebuttal 2: Can help solve crimes by collecting blood or saliva. Using forensic tools is a good way
of having evidence. This is because the DNA has molecules that does not fade away easily. Meaning
that the DNA can still be useful even if the sample was from a long time ago.
Evidence 3: DNA profiling is less intrusive. The best way of retrieving a DNA sample is by using
either blood, saliva, or hair. For example, if you happen to be in a situation where your town is
taking DNA samples to help solve a crime, that would be the best way to go. This way you are
helping but also giving less information for the better.

Conclusion Ideas: DNA profiling illustrates advantages

A Career In Criminal Profiling

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