Leak Testing: Different Types Of Leak Testing Methods | Helium Leak Testing Kryovess Pvt. Ltd.
Leak testing method is a very known and important method using for leak detection in the industries. Leak test and leak detection using air decay, helium or water submerse methods. The choice of the detection method depends on which method is most appropriate for the system at hand. Leak testing methods each have their own sensitivity, expressed as the lowest leak rate the method can detect. Highly sensitive methods are required to test highly leak prone systems such as vacuum systems.
The document summarizes the author's work experience at Energizer, including their involvement in a Navy zinc-air battery project, laboratory management responsibilities, training on chemical handling and safety procedures, and types of testing conducted. Key responsibilities were ensuring the laboratory was OSHA compliant, properly handling hazardous materials, collecting data from various tests on batteries, and organizing battery cells into lots for different testing procedures. A variety of equipment was used to conduct environmental, stress, thermal cycle, over-discharge, and other tests to evaluate battery performance and quality.
This document discusses cryogenic testing capabilities for valves. It defines cryogenic temperatures as below -180°C/-240°F, where most gases liquefy. Valves are tested at these low temperatures to ensure proper functioning under extreme environmental conditions. The described cryogenic testing facility can test valves up to 56" in size from -196°C to ambient, under pressures up to 200 bar, using test standards to verify performance, leakage, and cycle times at cryogenic conditions. This helps assure safety and minimize issues during plant start-up.
This white paper discusses pH ground pin corrosion issues seen in some corrugated flexo printing applications. It summarizes that:
1) pH probes installed directly in ink lines can experience corrosion of the ground pin over time due to stray electrical currents and exposure to cleaning chemicals.
2) Dissection of a corroded pH probe showed the ground pin had been completely corroded away after two years of use.
3) Tank mounted pH probes are easier to inspect and maintain and do not typically experience the same ground pin corrosion issues as in-line probes. Regular calibration and cleaning of probes is important for accurate pH measurement.
4) The chemicals used in some press wash solutions can be incompatible with probe
The test report summarizes testing of two flush valve samples submitted by Xiamen Vib Industry & Trade Co., Ltd. against the ASME A112.19.5-2011 standard. Both samples met all test requirements, including design specifications, 150,000 cycle life test, thread torque test, leak tests, and chemical resistance testing. Sample 2 had a non-standard thread design as noted by the client. Markings on the products also met standard requirements. In conclusion, the submitted samples complied with the test standard.
The document discusses how hydrogen leak detection provides high quality leak testing. It summarizes the company's history starting in 1981 developing hydrogen-based leak detectors. It then outlines the company's product lines for outdoor plant, manual industrial, and automatic leak testing as well as ATEX-certified intrinsically safe devices. Hydrogen testing is described as simple, robust, and more sensitive than alternative methods.
1) Manufacturing of printed circuit boards with ENIG surface finishes requires quality assurance to prevent defects, but plating issues were still detected downstream.
2) Pad discoloration in varying degrees was observed, from light yellow to dark red/grey, and some had corrosive pitting. Failure analysis examined manufacturing processes and performed metallurgical analysis.
3) Metallurgical analysis found the electroless nickel coating was highly porous with deep fissures penetrating to the copper layer, attributed to a corrosive plating environment causing pad discoloration. The root cause was traced to poor controls in the ENIG plating line.
Potentiodynamic polarization tests were conducted to predict the passivation of zinc in different fresh water solutions. Zinc samples were tested in sulfate and bicarbonate/nitrate solutions to determine if a protective passive layer would form. The results showed that zinc could passivate in some fresh water chemistries, meaning it would lose its ability to protect structures as a sacrificial anode for cathodic protection. These tests provide a way to predict zinc's activity and longevity when used for corrosion prevention.
Leak Testing: Different Types Of Leak Testing Methods | Helium Leak Testing Kryovess Pvt. Ltd.
Leak testing method is a very known and important method using for leak detection in the industries. Leak test and leak detection using air decay, helium or water submerse methods. The choice of the detection method depends on which method is most appropriate for the system at hand. Leak testing methods each have their own sensitivity, expressed as the lowest leak rate the method can detect. Highly sensitive methods are required to test highly leak prone systems such as vacuum systems.
The document summarizes the author's work experience at Energizer, including their involvement in a Navy zinc-air battery project, laboratory management responsibilities, training on chemical handling and safety procedures, and types of testing conducted. Key responsibilities were ensuring the laboratory was OSHA compliant, properly handling hazardous materials, collecting data from various tests on batteries, and organizing battery cells into lots for different testing procedures. A variety of equipment was used to conduct environmental, stress, thermal cycle, over-discharge, and other tests to evaluate battery performance and quality.
This document discusses cryogenic testing capabilities for valves. It defines cryogenic temperatures as below -180°C/-240°F, where most gases liquefy. Valves are tested at these low temperatures to ensure proper functioning under extreme environmental conditions. The described cryogenic testing facility can test valves up to 56" in size from -196°C to ambient, under pressures up to 200 bar, using test standards to verify performance, leakage, and cycle times at cryogenic conditions. This helps assure safety and minimize issues during plant start-up.
This white paper discusses pH ground pin corrosion issues seen in some corrugated flexo printing applications. It summarizes that:
1) pH probes installed directly in ink lines can experience corrosion of the ground pin over time due to stray electrical currents and exposure to cleaning chemicals.
2) Dissection of a corroded pH probe showed the ground pin had been completely corroded away after two years of use.
3) Tank mounted pH probes are easier to inspect and maintain and do not typically experience the same ground pin corrosion issues as in-line probes. Regular calibration and cleaning of probes is important for accurate pH measurement.
4) The chemicals used in some press wash solutions can be incompatible with probe
The test report summarizes testing of two flush valve samples submitted by Xiamen Vib Industry & Trade Co., Ltd. against the ASME A112.19.5-2011 standard. Both samples met all test requirements, including design specifications, 150,000 cycle life test, thread torque test, leak tests, and chemical resistance testing. Sample 2 had a non-standard thread design as noted by the client. Markings on the products also met standard requirements. In conclusion, the submitted samples complied with the test standard.
The document discusses how hydrogen leak detection provides high quality leak testing. It summarizes the company's history starting in 1981 developing hydrogen-based leak detectors. It then outlines the company's product lines for outdoor plant, manual industrial, and automatic leak testing as well as ATEX-certified intrinsically safe devices. Hydrogen testing is described as simple, robust, and more sensitive than alternative methods.
1) Manufacturing of printed circuit boards with ENIG surface finishes requires quality assurance to prevent defects, but plating issues were still detected downstream.
2) Pad discoloration in varying degrees was observed, from light yellow to dark red/grey, and some had corrosive pitting. Failure analysis examined manufacturing processes and performed metallurgical analysis.
3) Metallurgical analysis found the electroless nickel coating was highly porous with deep fissures penetrating to the copper layer, attributed to a corrosive plating environment causing pad discoloration. The root cause was traced to poor controls in the ENIG plating line.
Potentiodynamic polarization tests were conducted to predict the passivation of zinc in different fresh water solutions. Zinc samples were tested in sulfate and bicarbonate/nitrate solutions to determine if a protective passive layer would form. The results showed that zinc could passivate in some fresh water chemistries, meaning it would lose its ability to protect structures as a sacrificial anode for cathodic protection. These tests provide a way to predict zinc's activity and longevity when used for corrosion prevention.
This document provides an overview of liquid penetrant testing (PT), including its basic principles and procedures. Some key points:
- PT involves applying a penetrant containing a dye to detect surface-breaking flaws via capillary action. Excess penetrant is removed and developer applied to reveal indications.
- PT can detect discontinuities open to the surface in many materials. It is often used when other NDT methods are not suitable due to part geometry, material properties, or test environment.
- The basic PT procedure involves pre-cleaning, applying penetrant, removing excess, applying developer, and inspecting for indications. Proper technique and clean surfaces are critical for success.
This document discusses predictive maintenance (PDM) activities that can be used for boiler reliability optimization (BRO). It describes several PDM technologies including infrared casing leak surveys, valve leakage surveys using infrared and ultrasonic methods, online acoustic leak detection systems, foreign material exclusion infrared scans, and ultrasonic boiler leak detection air tests. Many of these allow in-service inspection and detection of potential problems to prevent costly repairs during outages. Using PDM tools in combination with other condition monitoring can improve boiler reliability.
Water Damaged Devices - Evidence Locker CorrosionSteve Watson
Presentation at CEIC 2015, Las Vegas, Nevada - Water Damaged Devices, Evidence Locker Corrosion. Water Damaged Devices, Evidence Locker Corrosion is project number one is a series of research projects related to water damaged devices.
The Damaged Devices projects seeks to investigate the potential for data recovery from severely damaged devices including damage from water, fire, impact and ballistics.
You want a flexible and multi-usable GC or GCMS system with increased application range and detection limits? From 1ul injection till automated pyrolysis GCMS.
Sampling valve capacitive ball-custom made valve-310n-Guichon valvesGUICHON VALVES
To analyse the evolution of the product ; suitable for liquids, liquids mixed with solids or powders.
A precise quantity of product can be taken out, compact design, safe and quick sample removal
DN 15 to DN 200
1/2" à 8"
PN 10 to PN 50
150 to 300 lbs
Test Plan Development using Physics of Failure: The DfR Solutions ApproachCheryl Tulkoff
This document discusses using physics of failure (PoF) methodology to develop optimized test plans that are tailored to a product's specific design, materials, use environment, and reliability needs. It provides an overview of key aspects of test plan development including defining reliability goals and the use environment, identifying failure inducing loads, developing a comprehensive test plan, and ensuring change control processes and ongoing reliability testing are in place. The document also presents a case study of how PoF modeling was used to develop a test plan for microinverters intended for a 25-year lifespan in harsh outdoor solar installations.
The document discusses corrosion protection coatings from SPI Performance Coatings. It describes their Rust Grip coating which provides corrosion protection with a single coat instead of traditional sandblasting and multiple coats. It stops corrosion development quickly and easily. The coating also provides thermal insulation and fire protection for building materials to save energy and maintenance costs.
CUI PAPER Bahrain v2 - 7April2015 (2)- edited 02 November 2015 ShortGary Penney
This document describes a project to develop a fitness-for-service (FFS) tool for inspecting corrosion under insulation (CUI) using long range ultrasonic testing (LRUT). The project is being conducted in phases: Phase 1 evaluated LRUT performance on a test loop with simulated CUI defects. Future phases will develop an FFS tool directly using LRUT data and better understand factors affecting LRUT performance. The document provides background on CUI and details the design of the Phase 1 experiment, which involved constructing a test loop and evaluating LRUT detection of multiple CUI defects by experienced operators.
Program for Prevention of CUI at a RefinerySharon Hart
The document outlines a program to minimize occurrences and severity of corrosion under insulation (CUI) at an oil refinery. It identifies 12 common problems that can lead to CUI and recommends solutions. General recommendations include using calcium silicate insulation for temperatures over 350°F, cellular glass below 350°F, and continuing use of aluminum jacketing with a moisture barrier and removable/reusable blankets where needed. Implementing the solutions and recommendations would enhance safety by reducing CUI and extending the life of insulated pipes and equipment at the refinery.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document discusses the design of a solar-powered adsorption refrigeration system. It lists group members and provides descriptions of the key components of an adsorption refrigeration system: adsorber, adsorbent, and adsorbate. It then outlines the four phases of the adsorption refrigeration process and discusses design considerations like using silica gel and water as the adsorbent and adsorbate. The document also lists technical specifications, advantages, challenges, and areas for further research to improve the system's performance and reduce complexity.
This document discusses corrosion under insulation (CUI), which occurs in the space between insulating material and metal surfaces in various industries like oil & gas, chemicals, and food processing. CUI is caused by water collecting in this space from sources like rain, leaks, or condensation. It can lead to localized corrosion and wall loss. The document examines major factors that influence CUI like temperature, insulation design, and environmental conditions. It also identifies specific units and areas that are susceptible to CUI, such as pipes near cooling towers or steam vents. The appearance of CUI and methods to prevent it through coatings and insulation practices are described. Inspection and monitoring techniques for CUI are also discussed, including a probe array sensor
Corrosion under insulation detection, mitigation & prevention trainingMarcep Inc.
Mining 1% ($0.1 billion), Petroleum Refining 21% ($3.7
billion), Chemical, Petrochemical, Pharmaceutical 10% ($1.7
billion), Pulp and Paper 34% ($6 billion), Agricultural 6%
($1.1 billion), Food Processing 12% ($2.1 billion), Home
Appliances 9% ($1.5 billion), Oil and Gas Exploration and
Production 8% ($1.4 billion),
Annual cost of corrosion in the production & manufacturing
category
Most facility managers, engineers, maintenance and construction personnel now know that corrosion under insulation
(CUI) exists and left to its own devices, can cause serious problems and even catastrophic consequences.
It is also widely known that the results of CUI are costly. How costly? That is harder to define. Most studies on the topic
involve all forms of corrosion and their associated costs without providing the individual cost of corrosion related to
insulation.
What is clear, however, is that the cost of corrosion in the World continues to increase. A study completed in 2011 by a
research team of corrosion specialists enlisted by Congress titled, "Corrosion Costs and Preventative Strategies in the
World" reported the direct cost of corrosion to be $276 billion per year, with that number potentially doubling when indirect
costs are also considered.
Additional factors encourage CUI: the environment, insulation design and specifications, installation craftsmanship and
maintenance. Let's examine what can be done to reduce the risks.
CUI (Corrosion Under Insulation) poses a significant risk to chemical plants. The presentation discusses CUI, identifying loops susceptible to CUI, and outlining a strategy to inspect for and manage CUI risks. A four-point strategy is proposed: 1) identify high risk loops, 2) perform inspections and repairs, 3) continue monitoring, and 4) update the strategy based on inspection findings. Implementing a risk-based CUI management program can increase plant reliability.
CUI Risk Reduction by Non-Intrusive Inspection by Mohammed Shamim, BP Sharjahjissako
This document discusses corrosion under insulation (CUI) at BP Sharjah's liquid petroleum gas plant and efforts to reduce the risk of CUI through non-intrusive inspection. It outlines that CUI poses a major threat due to the plant's coastal location and insulation that is over 25 years old. BP Sharjah implemented a risk-based program including criticality surveys, visual inspections of critical areas, radiography of high-risk locations, and repair/rehabilitation. Profile radiography found corrosion indications in 30% of areas in 2007 and 15% in 2008, and allowed repair of 10% and 3.5% of areas respectively. The conclusion is that CUI detection is challenging and prevention through design and avoidance of
This document summarizes a presentation on corrosion under insulation (CUI) and coatings for mitigating CUI. It discusses how CUI occurs due to moisture ingress under insulation and temperature cycling. Several coating types are described that can provide barrier protection for steel under insulation, including epoxy phenolic, silicone acrylic, thermal spray aluminum, titanium modified inorganic copolymers, and inert multipolymeric matrix paints. Test methods for evaluating CUI coatings like cyclic pipe tests and CUI chambers are also summarized. Real-world case studies show how some coatings have performed well under long-term cyclic service conditions.
Corrosion Under Insulation Inspection In Ammonia Urea PlantAsirul Hoq
This document discusses corrosion under insulation (CUI) inspection planning for an ammonia and urea plant. It defines CUI and outlines the susceptible materials, temperature ranges, mechanisms, and locations. It provides details on organizing the inspection work, developing a schedule, selecting inspection types, and identifying at-risk equipment. Pipeline CUI is also addressed, highlighting common locations and examples found. The conclusion emphasizes the challenges of CUI detection and recommends design improvements and coatings to reduce corrosion risks over the long-term.
The document discusses the history and development of robotics from early science fiction depictions to modern applications. It describes how robots have advanced from simple machines that could only move a few inches to highly sophisticated machines capable of complex tasks like surgery. The document also outlines the basic components and functions of robots including their structure, power sources, actuation, sensing, manipulation, and locomotion. A variety of modern robotics applications are presented like use in surgery, hazardous environments, companionship, and humanoid forms. Both advantages like precision and ability to perform dangerous jobs as well as disadvantages like cost and potential job disruption are reviewed.
This document is a presentation about solar refrigerators by Ganesh Kushwaha. It defines a solar refrigerator as one powered by solar energy and lists benefits like saving electricity, money, and keeping food fresh longer. It describes the main components as a solar panel, battery, controller, and refrigerator. Solar refrigerators can be chargeable, with a rechargeable battery, or non-chargeable, running directly from the solar panel. Features include high efficiency, ability to work continuously for a year, ice pack freezing, rapid cooling, and portability without needing electricity. The concept of solar refrigerators was developed in the 1880s as an alternative to kerosene and gas refrigerators.
This document provides an overview of solar refrigeration systems. It discusses the basic principles of refrigeration using the vapor compression cycle. It then explains how solar energy can be used to power refrigeration through photovoltaic, solar thermal, or absorption refrigeration systems. The key components and operating principles of each solar refrigeration method are described, including diagrams of typical system layouts. Design considerations for matching the solar energy collection and storage to the refrigeration system requirements are also covered.
This document provides an overview of liquid penetrant testing (PT), including its basic principles and procedures. Some key points:
- PT involves applying a penetrant containing a dye to detect surface-breaking flaws via capillary action. Excess penetrant is removed and developer applied to reveal indications.
- PT can detect discontinuities open to the surface in many materials. It is often used when other NDT methods are not suitable due to part geometry, material properties, or test environment.
- The basic PT procedure involves pre-cleaning, applying penetrant, removing excess, applying developer, and inspecting for indications. Proper technique and clean surfaces are critical for success.
This document discusses predictive maintenance (PDM) activities that can be used for boiler reliability optimization (BRO). It describes several PDM technologies including infrared casing leak surveys, valve leakage surveys using infrared and ultrasonic methods, online acoustic leak detection systems, foreign material exclusion infrared scans, and ultrasonic boiler leak detection air tests. Many of these allow in-service inspection and detection of potential problems to prevent costly repairs during outages. Using PDM tools in combination with other condition monitoring can improve boiler reliability.
Water Damaged Devices - Evidence Locker CorrosionSteve Watson
Presentation at CEIC 2015, Las Vegas, Nevada - Water Damaged Devices, Evidence Locker Corrosion. Water Damaged Devices, Evidence Locker Corrosion is project number one is a series of research projects related to water damaged devices.
The Damaged Devices projects seeks to investigate the potential for data recovery from severely damaged devices including damage from water, fire, impact and ballistics.
You want a flexible and multi-usable GC or GCMS system with increased application range and detection limits? From 1ul injection till automated pyrolysis GCMS.
Sampling valve capacitive ball-custom made valve-310n-Guichon valvesGUICHON VALVES
To analyse the evolution of the product ; suitable for liquids, liquids mixed with solids or powders.
A precise quantity of product can be taken out, compact design, safe and quick sample removal
DN 15 to DN 200
1/2" à 8"
PN 10 to PN 50
150 to 300 lbs
Test Plan Development using Physics of Failure: The DfR Solutions ApproachCheryl Tulkoff
This document discusses using physics of failure (PoF) methodology to develop optimized test plans that are tailored to a product's specific design, materials, use environment, and reliability needs. It provides an overview of key aspects of test plan development including defining reliability goals and the use environment, identifying failure inducing loads, developing a comprehensive test plan, and ensuring change control processes and ongoing reliability testing are in place. The document also presents a case study of how PoF modeling was used to develop a test plan for microinverters intended for a 25-year lifespan in harsh outdoor solar installations.
The document discusses corrosion protection coatings from SPI Performance Coatings. It describes their Rust Grip coating which provides corrosion protection with a single coat instead of traditional sandblasting and multiple coats. It stops corrosion development quickly and easily. The coating also provides thermal insulation and fire protection for building materials to save energy and maintenance costs.
CUI PAPER Bahrain v2 - 7April2015 (2)- edited 02 November 2015 ShortGary Penney
This document describes a project to develop a fitness-for-service (FFS) tool for inspecting corrosion under insulation (CUI) using long range ultrasonic testing (LRUT). The project is being conducted in phases: Phase 1 evaluated LRUT performance on a test loop with simulated CUI defects. Future phases will develop an FFS tool directly using LRUT data and better understand factors affecting LRUT performance. The document provides background on CUI and details the design of the Phase 1 experiment, which involved constructing a test loop and evaluating LRUT detection of multiple CUI defects by experienced operators.
Program for Prevention of CUI at a RefinerySharon Hart
The document outlines a program to minimize occurrences and severity of corrosion under insulation (CUI) at an oil refinery. It identifies 12 common problems that can lead to CUI and recommends solutions. General recommendations include using calcium silicate insulation for temperatures over 350°F, cellular glass below 350°F, and continuing use of aluminum jacketing with a moisture barrier and removable/reusable blankets where needed. Implementing the solutions and recommendations would enhance safety by reducing CUI and extending the life of insulated pipes and equipment at the refinery.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document discusses the design of a solar-powered adsorption refrigeration system. It lists group members and provides descriptions of the key components of an adsorption refrigeration system: adsorber, adsorbent, and adsorbate. It then outlines the four phases of the adsorption refrigeration process and discusses design considerations like using silica gel and water as the adsorbent and adsorbate. The document also lists technical specifications, advantages, challenges, and areas for further research to improve the system's performance and reduce complexity.
This document discusses corrosion under insulation (CUI), which occurs in the space between insulating material and metal surfaces in various industries like oil & gas, chemicals, and food processing. CUI is caused by water collecting in this space from sources like rain, leaks, or condensation. It can lead to localized corrosion and wall loss. The document examines major factors that influence CUI like temperature, insulation design, and environmental conditions. It also identifies specific units and areas that are susceptible to CUI, such as pipes near cooling towers or steam vents. The appearance of CUI and methods to prevent it through coatings and insulation practices are described. Inspection and monitoring techniques for CUI are also discussed, including a probe array sensor
Corrosion under insulation detection, mitigation & prevention trainingMarcep Inc.
Mining 1% ($0.1 billion), Petroleum Refining 21% ($3.7
billion), Chemical, Petrochemical, Pharmaceutical 10% ($1.7
billion), Pulp and Paper 34% ($6 billion), Agricultural 6%
($1.1 billion), Food Processing 12% ($2.1 billion), Home
Appliances 9% ($1.5 billion), Oil and Gas Exploration and
Production 8% ($1.4 billion),
Annual cost of corrosion in the production & manufacturing
category
Most facility managers, engineers, maintenance and construction personnel now know that corrosion under insulation
(CUI) exists and left to its own devices, can cause serious problems and even catastrophic consequences.
It is also widely known that the results of CUI are costly. How costly? That is harder to define. Most studies on the topic
involve all forms of corrosion and their associated costs without providing the individual cost of corrosion related to
insulation.
What is clear, however, is that the cost of corrosion in the World continues to increase. A study completed in 2011 by a
research team of corrosion specialists enlisted by Congress titled, "Corrosion Costs and Preventative Strategies in the
World" reported the direct cost of corrosion to be $276 billion per year, with that number potentially doubling when indirect
costs are also considered.
Additional factors encourage CUI: the environment, insulation design and specifications, installation craftsmanship and
maintenance. Let's examine what can be done to reduce the risks.
CUI (Corrosion Under Insulation) poses a significant risk to chemical plants. The presentation discusses CUI, identifying loops susceptible to CUI, and outlining a strategy to inspect for and manage CUI risks. A four-point strategy is proposed: 1) identify high risk loops, 2) perform inspections and repairs, 3) continue monitoring, and 4) update the strategy based on inspection findings. Implementing a risk-based CUI management program can increase plant reliability.
CUI Risk Reduction by Non-Intrusive Inspection by Mohammed Shamim, BP Sharjahjissako
This document discusses corrosion under insulation (CUI) at BP Sharjah's liquid petroleum gas plant and efforts to reduce the risk of CUI through non-intrusive inspection. It outlines that CUI poses a major threat due to the plant's coastal location and insulation that is over 25 years old. BP Sharjah implemented a risk-based program including criticality surveys, visual inspections of critical areas, radiography of high-risk locations, and repair/rehabilitation. Profile radiography found corrosion indications in 30% of areas in 2007 and 15% in 2008, and allowed repair of 10% and 3.5% of areas respectively. The conclusion is that CUI detection is challenging and prevention through design and avoidance of
This document summarizes a presentation on corrosion under insulation (CUI) and coatings for mitigating CUI. It discusses how CUI occurs due to moisture ingress under insulation and temperature cycling. Several coating types are described that can provide barrier protection for steel under insulation, including epoxy phenolic, silicone acrylic, thermal spray aluminum, titanium modified inorganic copolymers, and inert multipolymeric matrix paints. Test methods for evaluating CUI coatings like cyclic pipe tests and CUI chambers are also summarized. Real-world case studies show how some coatings have performed well under long-term cyclic service conditions.
Corrosion Under Insulation Inspection In Ammonia Urea PlantAsirul Hoq
This document discusses corrosion under insulation (CUI) inspection planning for an ammonia and urea plant. It defines CUI and outlines the susceptible materials, temperature ranges, mechanisms, and locations. It provides details on organizing the inspection work, developing a schedule, selecting inspection types, and identifying at-risk equipment. Pipeline CUI is also addressed, highlighting common locations and examples found. The conclusion emphasizes the challenges of CUI detection and recommends design improvements and coatings to reduce corrosion risks over the long-term.
The document discusses the history and development of robotics from early science fiction depictions to modern applications. It describes how robots have advanced from simple machines that could only move a few inches to highly sophisticated machines capable of complex tasks like surgery. The document also outlines the basic components and functions of robots including their structure, power sources, actuation, sensing, manipulation, and locomotion. A variety of modern robotics applications are presented like use in surgery, hazardous environments, companionship, and humanoid forms. Both advantages like precision and ability to perform dangerous jobs as well as disadvantages like cost and potential job disruption are reviewed.
This document is a presentation about solar refrigerators by Ganesh Kushwaha. It defines a solar refrigerator as one powered by solar energy and lists benefits like saving electricity, money, and keeping food fresh longer. It describes the main components as a solar panel, battery, controller, and refrigerator. Solar refrigerators can be chargeable, with a rechargeable battery, or non-chargeable, running directly from the solar panel. Features include high efficiency, ability to work continuously for a year, ice pack freezing, rapid cooling, and portability without needing electricity. The concept of solar refrigerators was developed in the 1880s as an alternative to kerosene and gas refrigerators.
This document provides an overview of solar refrigeration systems. It discusses the basic principles of refrigeration using the vapor compression cycle. It then explains how solar energy can be used to power refrigeration through photovoltaic, solar thermal, or absorption refrigeration systems. The key components and operating principles of each solar refrigeration method are described, including diagrams of typical system layouts. Design considerations for matching the solar energy collection and storage to the refrigeration system requirements are also covered.
This document describes a solar refrigeration system that uses solar energy to power a vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS). VARS uses pairs like ammonia-water or lithium bromide-water and works by absorbing and decompressing vapor to produce cooling. The solar energy heats the generator of the VARS, producing vapor without electricity. Calculations are provided for collector area, heat gain/loss, and equivalent sunny days per month to design a system for a location based on its condenser/evaporator pressures and temperatures.
This document describes the development of a working model of a gearless transmission. It discusses the need for gearless transmission to increase efficiency. The working principle involves using bent links to transmit power between shafts at 90 degrees without using gears. Construction details and materials used are provided. Advantages include lower cost and ability to transmit power at any angle, while limitations include lower torque capacity and fixed speed ratio. Possible future applications are in automation and robotics.
The document discusses several technologies for solar-powered refrigeration and ice production. It describes how solar ice makers use solar energy to generate ammonia refrigerant during the day, then form ice at night when the generator cools. Another system uses activated carbon impregnated with methanol in a solar collector to adsorb vapor during the day, then desorb it at night to provide cooling in an evaporator and freeze water. A hybrid system is also presented that combines solar water heating with an adsorption refrigeration cycle to power a refrigerator.
1. Solar refrigeration has applications in both developing and developed countries for vaccine storage, food preservation, and air conditioning. Previous research on photovoltaic and solar thermal refrigeration systems is reviewed.
2. Research is underway at Warwick University on carbon-ammonia refrigerators driven by steam heat from a thermosyphon heat pipe sourced by solar energy or biomass. A new area of interest is using desiccant wheel technology for solar powered air conditioning.
3. The basic principles of solar absorption refrigeration are described and past experience is assessed. Solar absorption refrigeration shows potential but current systems are still costly.
This document summarizes innovations from Xylem in wastewater instrumentation. It describes their approach of providing complete solutions including installation, commissioning, and training. It highlights several key innovations including modular setups, network topologies, wireless multi-slave systems, hot-swappable sensors, and spectral sensors that can measure multiple parameters from a single device. The innovations are aimed at improving efficiency, reducing maintenance needs, and providing future-proof systems to clients.
- TTK is a French company with 25 years of experience in digital liquid leak detection systems.
- Their core technology uses a patented digital communication bus and unique coaxial sensing elements that swell upon contact with hydrocarbons to detect leaks.
- TTK systems can detect a wide range of liquid leaks with detection times ranging from minutes to hours depending on the liquid and conditions.
False air or excess air in sealed systems like boiler flue gas paths or ACC vacuum systems can cause issues like heat loss, fan inefficiency, and increased downtime. It is important to identify sources of false air, measure levels periodically, and implement remedial actions like sealing leaks. Key steps include dedicating teams to identify leak areas, take measurements, and make repairs during outages in a timely manner, as well as implementing design and fabrication best practices, online monitoring instruments, and preventative maintenance programs.
This document provides an overview of Ceilcote Air Pollution Control, including its history, capabilities, products, and experience with various air pollution control applications. Ceilcote has offices globally and over 50 years of experience with more than 1000 installations. Their products and systems are used for applications such as solar/microelectronics, chemical processes, waste water treatment, and incineration.
This document discusses corrosion protection coatings and systems. It provides information on coating selection processes, construction phases, issues that can cause corrosion, and how to overcome those issues through coatings, sealing, and encapsulating. It also discusses specific coating products, applications, testing, and certifications.
Wolf Tank provides technical resins and lining solutions for storage tanks. Their DOPA system transforms single-walled tanks into double-walled tanks through the application of epoxy resin layers and other materials to create an interstitial space. This system has approvals from testing organizations and provides leak detection and environmental protection. Wolf Tank also offers coatings and sealants for tank roofs, shells, bottoms, ring walls, and containment areas to protect against corrosion and extend tank lifetimes.
Learn what the IP69K rating stands for, why it's advantageous to use these devices for specific areas of an industrial facility and how to ensure the entire device is IP69K rated.
This document provides information about Electrolube's cleaning products and technologies. It discusses the importance of cleaning in electronics manufacturing to remove contaminants. It also addresses environmental regulations around volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and how Electrolube offers both water-based and solvent-based cleaning solutions. The document highlights Electrolube's Safewash range as their most effective water-based cleaners and explains their solvent cleaner offerings.
This document provides details about various tests conducted as part of an internship project at Philips Lighting Limited, including surge testing, strife testing, thermal testing, and reliability testing. Surge testing detects insulation deterioration in motors to identify failures early. Strife testing subjects products to stresses beyond expected use conditions to find design weaknesses. Thermal testing uses infrared cameras to detect temperature differences that can indicate issues. Reliability testing calculates failure probability and mean time between failures to evaluate a software's ability to function over time. The document also explains flyback converter operation and limitations of continuous and discontinuous modes.
The document discusses the key technology requirements for HVAC system design in facilities, including area classifications, air handling systems, building management systems, and validation of HVAC systems. It covers components of air handling units and ducting, different types of filters and their testing, and describes validation tests for filter integrity, air changes, airflow patterns, and particle counts that should be performed on HVAC systems.
2015-2016 Mechanical/Civil Undergraduate Senior Design
Water Treatment by Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Ultraviolet Radiation
NEED:
1. ADD DETAIL TO DISCUSSION
2. ADD TABLE FOR BUDGET SECTION
3. NAMES ON PAGES
4. Environmental Section
5. Add the solid works model
6. Cover page
7. Add decision matrices
Submitted by
Christopher Bitikofer
Sarah Ridha
Brandyn Krieger
Terran Engle
Project Mentor
Chikashi Sato, Ph.D
Draft 2 Submitted: 11/6/2015
Table of Contents
Introduction 2
Discussion 3
Detailed Engineering Specifications: 4
System Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) 5
Management 7
Budget 8
Appendices 9
Capability Statements 9
Gantt Chart 10
References 11
Introduction
Access to clean drinking water in underdeveloped areas of the world is a growing problem due to global increases in both population and pollution. Current methods of water treatment are impractical to apply in many parts of the world, as these technologies are expensive, require large facilities staffed by a litany of professionals, and the production/disposal of treatment chemicals that often have negative environmental impacts. The need to develop a method of water treatment that is less expensive, operates without the use of chemical treatments, and has relatively low electrical power usage is of profound importance. One of the most viable and promising optionsoptions is to make use both cavitation and ultraviolet light (UV). The purpose of this project is to develop a system for researching the combined effects of these two forms of water purification.
Cavitation occurs when the static pressure of water drops below vapor pressure. Small microbubbles form and slowly collapse in an energetic manner. As cavitation bubbles collapse, temperatures within the bubble can reach upwards of 5000 degrees Kelvin. Due to pyrolytic decomposition that takes place within the collapsing bubbles, the OH radicals and shock waves arecan be generated at the gas–liquid interface (A. Agarwal et al, 2011). These radicals degrade contaminants suspended within the water that would otherwise resist ultraviolet degradation. This makes cavitation a promising method of water treatment.
Ultra violet light is capable of killing bacteria and living contaminants in water. Short wavelength UV light, in the range of 10 nm to 400 nm, kills cells by interacting with their structures and disrupting DNA (NIOSH, 2008). UV light is capable of killing up to 99.99% of bacteria in clear water. This system of water purification is both cost effective and nontoxicchemical free but it cannot break down particle contaminants that bacteria tend to live in. However in combination with a particle filtration system, or in our case a cavitation system, UV reactors are simple to maintain, cost effective and chemical free.
The concise purpose of this team’s senior design project will be to develop a fluid flow test apparatus to demonstrate the degree of effectiveness of the combination of UV radi.
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discharge to sea.
The increasing water cut in mature fields and tightening regulations are the main drivers for the growing challenge of treating oil in water emulsions. In addition, the industry is creating more emulsions in novel applications such as Fraccing (Fracking), Well Deliquification, and Alkali Surfactant Polymer water as used in Enhanced Oil Recovery.
Installed treatment equipment often relies on time and gravity as the main forces for separation of water and hydrocarbons (Stokes’ law). For chemically stable emulsions these forces are not sufficient.
Parker Twin Filter has developed a technology based on its already extensive product line and experience in treating oilfield waste water. It uses the proven technology of electrical oxidation but uses this in a novel way to clean up water in a three step process.
The process is fitted on two mobile skids as an end-of–pipe solution. The input is water from the near atmospheric skimmer tank, the output is water which can be discharged to sea without further processing. The skids are self-sufficient, ATEX zone 2 certified, and only require electrical power and work air. It does not need regular attention from operators or specialists
because the output of NTU is monitored by sensor technology.
The process is now available as a commercial product or service offering after thorough field trials in 2012 and 2013. This white paper details a case study with GDF Suez E&P in which this operator increased gas production significantly through the use of TwinZapp. TwinZapp skid
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3. hydrocarbon (product) leak detection & corrosion under insulation a different approach A simple and effective all in one solution….
4. simple & obvious detect, test and identify any traces of fluid on the pipe surface, under the insulation, or within the insulation media itself.
5.
6. probe s flexible pipe mount (moulds to pipe) cable tie through here main support Fluid collecting funnel screw thread with spanner grip on boss battery chamber transparent base containing high intensity led removable sealed unit containing electronics, battery, float and led lower float chamber float upper float chamber complete unit assembly for new install
7.
8. recommended fitting Vertical pipe: 1 device fitted at bottom end. Horizontal pipe: 1 device fitted at each and every insulation joint. ( Typically 1 metre intervals )
9. where to fit? Any new on/offshore installations As part of fabric maintenance As part of routine strip and search Any insulation types ( Excluding “Glued” Media ) Any pipe material Any pipe diameter Where (currently) the underside of pipe and insulation are visible
10. interval inspection/testing Any device at any interval may be unscrewed, a small amount of water poured in to the unit, await the LED to commence flashing and the float to raise. This unit may be dried ( Thoroughly ) and refitted. This interval testing does not disturb the insulation NON - Intrusive Testing
11. replacement when activated When one or more units are activated, there is fluid either on the pipe surface under the insulation or within the insulation media prior to it reaching the pipe surface. (Fluid in the unit may be taken away for sampling/testing for either water hydrocarbons other fluid product) The insulation in these locations ( Only ) will be stripped, remedial works carried out with new complete devices fitted with the new insulation.
12.
13. replacement if inactive In year 6 the encapsulated units ( only ) will be unscrewed, discarded/recycled and replaced without disturbing the insulation. Giving a further 5 years assurance of fluid monitoring & hydrocarbon (product) leak detection. NON-Intrusive Replacement
14. recognised certifications Deluge test to Shell/ERA DTS01 Certification Company: Sira Certification Services CSA/FM, FM/CSA (pending) Certification System: Directive 94/9/EC (ATEX) Full EC Examination Certificate Full Assessment Report Product Marking: EEx ia IIC T4; -40C to +80C (equipment) EEx ia II; -40C to +80C (component) Certified to IP66 for IECEx Manufactured under Sira quality assurance Annexes IV & VII of Directive 94/9/EC (ATEX)
15. benefits MAINTENANCE FREE LOCATION IDENTIFIED OF HYDROCARBON RELEASE ROOT CAUSE OF CORROSION indicated before it starts 7 CONSECUTIVE DAYS in electronic indication mode COST REDUCTION in repair and maintenance ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY (Reduces insulation removal and disposal) TESTED ON SITE at any interval EXTENDS LIFE OF INSULATION ELIMINATES pipe replacement due to CUI STOPS PROGRESSION OF WATER further from the damage HIGHLY VISIBLE mechanical indication mode until removed 24 x 7 x 365 MONITORING
16. major safety & business benefits Reduction/elimination of leaks on hydrocarbon systems (hence reducing major catastrophic damage and potential loss of life) Reduction in fabric maintenance & inspection (hence reduction in incidents and accidents whilst carrying out maintenance) Reduction in the incidences of shutdown due to leakages (hence disrupted production avoided) Safety issues associated with conducting subsequent repairs are avoided Massive overall cost reduction and savings
17. BIG claim When Fitted & Monitored Correctly Pipes as shown should never need to be replaced as a result of external corrosion. Hydrocarbon leakages are easily and quickly identified as a result of internal pipe corrosion.