1. The document discusses the effects of language gaps in schools and classrooms. It notes that language gaps can impact students' ability to plan, predict, identify cause and effect, and control impulsivity. 2. It outlines five registers of language from formal to intimate and their typical vocabulary sizes and uses. Story structure and formal vs casual language are also discussed. 3. Developing students' ability to think abstractly and use mental models like stories is emphasized as important for success in school.