1. Education for sustainable development (ESD) aims to promote awareness and empower citizens to make changes towards more sustainable societies. It involves reorienting education to address sustainable development issues.
2. ESD is not a new subject but builds on existing areas like environmental education. It helps develop knowledge, values, and skills to envision and participate in sustainable change.
3. The UN proposed seven strategies for countries to implement ESD: vision-building, partnerships, capacity-building, research/innovation, information/communication, monitoring, and evaluation. Examples are given for how countries can apply these strategies.
1. Education for sustainable development (ESD) aims to promote awareness and empower citizens to make changes towards more sustainable societies. It involves reorienting education to address sustainable development issues.
2. ESD is not a new subject but builds on existing areas like environmental education. It helps develop knowledge, values, and skills to envision and participate in sustainable change.
3. The UN proposed seven strategies for countries to implement ESD: vision-building, partnerships, capacity-building, research/innovation, information/communication, monitoring, and evaluation. Examples are given for how countries can apply these strategies.
This document reviews literature on common property resources (CPR) and their management. It discusses that until recently, scholars believed community management of CPRs generated little value due to a lack of proper management. However, more recent literature critiques Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons" argument and shows local institutional arrangements can overcome problems of overexploitation. The literature identifies three schools of thought on managing CPRs: private property rights, state control, and decentralized community management. Most recent research emphasizes the importance of efficient, equitable local institutional arrangements for sustainable CPR management.
This document summarizes a study that used satellite imagery to identify and map slums in Latur City, India. High-resolution satellite images from 2000 were analyzed to detect and delineate slum areas. Field surveys were also conducted. The study found that most slums had developed along natural drainage channels and were at risk of flooding. Roofing and wall materials of homes in the slums were assessed. Physical infrastructure like water, electricity, and sanitation access was also evaluated. The satellite imagery was useful for mapping slum layouts but field surveys were needed to understand internal land use and building functions.
Microfinance provides small loans to poor and low-income individuals without collateral to help them engage in entrepreneurial activities or expand small businesses. It has proven effective at reducing poverty by empowering individuals, especially women, to become self-sufficient. In India, microfinance has grown rapidly in recent decades through self-help groups and microfinance institutions, reaching over 100 million people. However, there is still a large unmet demand and regulatory challenges around interest rates and appropriate legal structures remain.
This document summarizes a research paper on the causes and consequences of poverty and rural unemployment in Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal. It finds that poverty ratios are highest in some blocks, with an average of 38.54% across the district. Rural unemployment is increasing due to a reduction in available agricultural land and growth of landless laborers. Key causes identified include rapid population growth, immigration, closure of tea gardens, lack of infrastructure development, a large population of backward classes, and traditional agricultural practices. Consequences include increased social movements, environmental degradation, and economic imbalances between rural and urban populations. The document recommends targeted support for tea garden areas, promotion of small industries and tourism, natural resource-based employment, and expanded
This document discusses issues related to developing a global financial reporting framework for cross-border filings. It found that financial centers have become interconnected and standards are needed for cross-border reporting. The role of organizations like IOSCO and IASC in establishing global standards is examined. International Financial Reporting Standards have been widely adopted by countries to increase comparability of financial information across borders. The document provides an overview of International Accounting Standards and their objectives to harmonize accounting practices globally.
1. The document analyzes flood hazards in Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India. It finds the main causes of flooding are insufficient river depths, heavy rainfall, water logging in low-lying areas, and weak embankments.
2. When flooding occurs, it leads to issues like river bank erosion, inundation of crops, forests, and homes, loss of lives and livestock. During major floods in the 1990s and 2000s, thousands of hectares were flooded and hundreds of thousands of people and livestock were affected.
3. To reduce flood hazards, the document recommends increasing river depths through dredging, strengthening flood protection infrastructure like embankments and sluice gates,
The document discusses a study on the awareness of anganwadi workers regarding female foeticide in Kathua district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It finds that while the workers were generally aware of female foeticide and its causes, their knowledge of relevant laws was low. Only 6% knew about the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, and many were unaware of legal fines and imprisonment for sex determination. The study aims to increase awareness among anganwadi workers of the issue and existing policies to address female foeticide.
1. The population in the Girna river basin in Nashik district has steadily increased from 689,000 in 1961 to 1,635,000 in 2001, with the population density increasing from 118 to 280 persons per square kilometer over this period.
2. The land use in the basin has changed between 1990-1991 and 2000-2001, with net sown area increasing by 0.76% but forest area decreasing by 0.3%, fallow land decreasing by 0.99%, and cultivable waste land decreasing by 1.71%.
3. Growing population is the main factor for changing land use in the basin, putting pressure on existing resources and leading to more land being used for non-ag
This document compares the educational aspirations of visually handicapped children and deaf and dumb children. It finds that visually handicapped children have higher educational aspirations than deaf and dumb children. The majority of visually handicapped children aspire to complete graduation, while most deaf and dumb children only aspire to complete class 12. This is because visually handicapped children have better communication skills and receive more support and guidance from teachers, while deaf and dumb children face more limitations in communication. When comparing boys and girls separately, the study finds that visually handicapped boys have higher aspirations than deaf and dumb boys, and visually handicapped girls have higher aspirations than deaf and dumb girls. However, all groups set realistic aspirations based on their potential and limitations.
This document summarizes research on depictions of women in inscriptions from the Chhattisgarh region of India. It discusses:
- Women were often described as possessing beauty, devotion to their husbands, and bearing sons. Some women had religious freedoms.
- Marriages were usually within castes, but some inter-caste marriages are recorded. Polygamy was common among royalty.
- Joint family systems and traditions like sati (widow immolation) were prevalent, though sati was not obligatory. Devadasis (temple dancers) were also mentioned in inscriptions.
Investigations were carried out to see the effect of pesticide 'companion' on the proximal composition and enzyme namely amylase, GOT and GPT of whole green gram in the early stages of germination. The findings revealed that the pesticides increase the enzyme activity in the early stages of germination and thus increase the metabolic rate. The Vitamin-C content was also enhanced with the use of pesticide, but there was a decrease in the proximal composition of the gram when treated with pesticide.
Afghanistan as a landlocked country occupies crucial geo-strategic
location connecting East & west Asia. This work is also the sincere effort to highlight the
factors which can bring sustainable development and peace in Afghanistan & also those
negative factors which are encouraging extremism of Taliban, terrorism and undue interference
by some countries. Generally it has been seen that the regional powers are also vary in action.
I also highlight the role of regional and trans- regional actors which are creating obstacles
in the construction of peaceful Afghanistan. I have also try to highlights the suggestions and
recommendation for the establishment of sustainable development & peace in afghanistan
through the collective support of major powers.
Key words : Afghanistan, Taliban, Great Game, Durand line,Russia ,Caspian sea,WTC
The research paper focuses on the Indian immigrant's experiences of immigration, nostalgia, language,
tradition, and acculturation in the host land with reference to Uma Parameswaran's literary fiction, "What Was
Always Hers". As a diasporic writer, she has seen and experienced immigrant life in the host country, Canada
and in her diasporic works; she has highlighted Indian immigrants' cultural displacement in the adopted country,
Canada. In the present book, she has explored the immigrant life of Indians especially immigrated women in their
adopted country. Her characters are always live in confusion to accept the culture of the native country or host
country and express their socio-cultural ties towards their homeland.
This 4 page document contains unfiled notes across multiple pages but no other identifiable information. The notes are brief and cover an unknown topic over the course of the 4 pages.
1. The document discusses the concept of friendship according to different political theories. It focuses on how friendship is seen as an important factor in maintaining peace and harmony in society.
2. Different theories view friendship differently, with some seeing it as a means for individuals to fulfill their self-interests while others see it as a bond based on mutual care, respect and trust between individuals.
3. The author argues that true friendship is based on sincerity and caring for others' well-being without any ulterior motives of benefit. It plays a significant role in bringing people together and reducing conflicts in society.