This document outlines the topics that will be covered in a course on research methods in education. The course is divided into 9 units: 1) Introduction to educational research, 2) Types of research, 3) Historical research, 4) Experimental research, 5) Descriptive research, 6) Tools and techniques of research, 7) Sampling techniques, 8) Designing a research proposal, and 9) Writing a research report. Unit 1 provides an overview of the different sources of knowledge and the scientific method. It also defines educational research and discusses the need for and characteristics of educational research.

1. RESEARCH METHODS IN
EDUCATION
Course Code: 837
Dr. Zahreer Ahmad

2.  Unit–1: Introduction of Educational
Research
 Unit–2: Types of Research
 Unit–3: Historical Research
 Unit–4: Experimental Research
 Unit–5: Descriptive Research
 Unit–6: Tools and Techniques of Research
 Unit–7: Sampling Techniques
 Unit–8: Designing a Research Proposal
 Unit–9: Writing Research Report
Introduction to Book

3. Unit 1
Introduction of Educational Research

4. Outline
We will learn today
about:
 Sources of Knowledge
 Scientific method
 Concept of research in
education
 Types of research
 Need and scope of
research in education

5. Source of Knowledge
Sense Perception
Tradition
Authority
Expert Opinion
Rationality
Magic
Scientific Method

6.  The ability to see, hear, or become
aware of something through the
senses.
 The way in which something is
regarded, understood, or interpreted.
Perception

8.  The transmission of customs or
beliefs from generation to generation,
or the fact of being passed on in this
way.

9.  The power or right to give orders,
make decisions, and enforce
obedience.

10. Expert Opinion
 Sometimes in search of knowledge
one can take the testimony of experts
who, because of their intellect,
training, expert experience or
aptitudes, are better informed than
other people.

11. Rationality
 Rationalism is a system by which
knowledge is gained by reason and
not experiencing the world.
 It is also called metaphysics.

12. Magic
 Another way an individual can gain
knowledge and control the world is through
magic.
 There are two broad classes of magic.
One is imitative magic and other is
contagious.
 In imitative magic people attempt to
produce a desired effect by imitating that
effect.
 Contagious magic is based on

13. Scientific Method

14. Research
 The systematic investigation into and study of materials
and sources in order to establish facts and reach new
conclusions.

15.  Educational research refers to the
systematic collection and analysis of data
related to the field
of education. Research may involve a
variety of methods and various aspects
of education including student
learning, teaching methods, teacher training,
and classroom dynamics.
Educational research

16. Why Educational Research
 Improve the practices
 Add the knowledge
 Address the gaps in knowledge
 Expand knowledge
 Replicate knowledge (Test the different
findings)
 To identify truth regarding Enrolment,
retention, dropout, quality of Education.
 To build new knowledge regarding the
methodology & pedagogy.
 To solve a problem related to classroom,
institution, administrative level, policy level.

17. Characteristics of
Educational Research
 Tuckman B.W. (1978) has mentioned
the following characteristics of
research:
 Research is systematic.
 Research is logical.
 Research is empirical.
 Research is reductive.
 Research is replicable and

18. Main Characteristics of Scientific
Research
 It is concerned with problems to be solved.
 Research is objective. Stress is- always on
testing.
 Research is systematic and accurate
investigation.
 Research collects facts.
 It helps to eliminate the self assumed stories.

19. Need of Research
 Rapid Expansion and Democratization of
Education.
 Technological Changes.
 New Demands on Education.
 Interdisciplinary Approach to Education.
 Knowledge Explosion and the Need for
Educational Research.
 Education and Productivity.
 Spirit of Research is Needed Everywhere.
 Research is Needed to Keep out of Fixed
track.

20. Educational research leads to the
following advantages:
• Educational research economies efforts and
increases efficiency.
• It brings confidence in the teacher.
• It also brings dignity to the work of the teacher.
• It leads to the adoption of new methods.
• It keeps up alert.
• It brings a sense of awareness.
• It develops a better understanding of the
teaching learning process.
• It enables us to have a better understanding of
the social life.
• It promotes educational reform.

21. Question/Answer
Session?