-

1. * GB785553 (A)
Description: GB785553 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Clutch means for driving a textile spinning or twisting spindle or a yarn
carrier thereon
Description of GB785553 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,553
I,, Date of Application and filing Complete Specification March 31,
1955.
No 9351155.
Application made in Germany on, A pril 6, 1954.
Comn piete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Classes 80 ( 2), C 1 (A 11 A E 4), P 4; and 120 (
2), D 2 L( 5 SB: 5 D: SE: 6).
International Classification:-Do 2 d Fo 6 d, h.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Cluich Means for driving a Teste Spinning or Twisting Spindle or a
Yarn Canriler thereon We, SCHIESS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, of Hansa-Allee
289, Duisseldorf-Oberkassel, Germany, a German Company, do hereby
declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted
to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
The present invention relates to textile spinning or twisting spindles
and, more particularly, to clutch means for use in connection
therewith.
Spinning and twisting spindles, particularly those which are driven by
a driving shaft through a positive drive such as worm wheel drive,
screw drive or spur gear drive, comprise a clutch by means of which
the spindles may be driven or may be drivingly connected to or
disconnected from the driving shaft The heretofore known clutches used
in connection with such spinning or twisting spindles act by positive
connection and/or frictional connection, for instance, while taking
advantage of the centrifugal force of more or less heavy clutch
members Therefore, clutches of this type are relatively sensitive to
torque When large cop weights have to be dealt with, the clutches must

2. accordingly be dimensioned rather heavy and voluminous in order to
assure a safe carrying along of the loaded spindle In as much as the
space available for arranging the clutch and driving elements for each
spindle of a spinning or twisting machine is limited and cannot be
increased without considerable changes in the entire construction of
the machine, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
clutch for spinning or twisting spindles which will allow a reliable
operation of the spindle, even when large cop weights and greatly
varying speeds are concerned, without considerable changes in the
spinning machine.
It is another object of this invention to provide a spinning or
twisting spindle with lPrice 3 s 6 d l clutch means which will make it
possible to start operation of the spinning or twisting spindle
without shock.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a spinning or
twisting spindle with 50 clutch means which requires relatively little
space and which will automatically be braked when the spinning or
twisting spindle is drivingly disconnected by means of the clutch
pertaining thereto from the drive shaft for 55 said spinning or
twisting spindle.
According to the present invention clutch means comprises two clutch
members on one and the same driven shaft, being relatively movable
co-axially for engagement and dis 60 engagement and one being
rotatable with said shaft and the other being freely mounted on the
shaft and being in driving connection with the spindle or being part
of the yarn carrier, one of said clutch members being 65 provided with
positive-drive coupling teeth or jaws and also with a cylindrical
outer friction surface, said teeth and friction surface being
displaced axially with respect to one another, and the other clutch
member being 70 provided with positive-drive coupling teeth or jaws
feor co-operation with the coupling teeth or jaws of the first-named
member and also being provided with an inner friction surface for
co-operation with the friction sur 75 face of said first-named member,
the arrangement being such that the coupling teeth or jaws of the
respective clutch members, when the latter are disengaged, are axially
spaced by a distance greater than the 80 axial spacing between the
friction surfaces of the respective clutch members, so that when one
clutch member is rotated and the two clutch members are moved
relatively axially for engagement, the friction surfaces will 85
frictionally engage one within the other prior to the engagement of
the coupling teeth or jaws.
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying
drawings, in 90 icn 1 ' which:
Fig 1 represents a longitudinal section through the drive of a

3. positively driven spinning or twisting spindle provided with a clutch,
according to the invention, said clutch being in its disengaged
position.
Fig 2 is a section similar to that of Fig 1 showing the clutch in its
engaged position.
Fig 3 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view illustrating the
operating mechanism for the clutch of Figs 1 and 2.
Fig 4 represents a longitudinal section through another embodiment of
the invention.
Fig 5 represents a longitudinal section through still another
embodiment of the invention.
The clutch according to the present invention for first establishing
frictional driving connection and subsequently positive driving
connection between the parts to be driven may be designed as
hereinafter described.
Thus, for instance, one member of such clutch may be embodied in a
sleeve or slicing member which is drivingly connected with the driving
shaft while being displaceable in axial direction thereof Said clutch
member co-operates with a clutch member on a driven part which may
either be an element of the drive itself or of a yarn carrier The
sleeve or sliding member and the driven part are provided with
frictional surfa S ard with means adapted to act as positive coupling
members The said frictional surfaces and the positive coupling members
are arranged relative to each other in such a manner that when the
clutch is engaged, first frictional connection between the elements to
be coupled together will be effected and subsequently positive driving
connection will be established between said parts to be coupled to
each other When driving a plurality of spindles from a single driving
shaft, the clutch assembly is expediently so designed that it can be
mounted as a unit on the drive shaft by means of an adjustable sleeve
adapted to be fixedly connected to the drive shaft Thus, the clutch
sleeve may be mounted on a resilient slotted sleeve adapted to be
clamped to the drive shaft and provided with an abutment The
arrangement may be such that said clutch sleeve is axially movable
toward a drive wheel rotatably mounted on the same sleeve The clutch
members are so designed that those surfaces thereof which first engage
each other when the clutch is engaged are frictional surfaces of such
width that the yarn carrier is carried along by frictional connection
Said frictional surfaces of both clutch members are followed by
positive clutch members, for instance, jaws which are adapted to
engage each other with lateral play If desired the arrangement may be
such that the driven part may be provided with frictional and positive
drive connecting elements and is displaceable toward a similarly
designed clutch member which is rotatably connected to the driving

4. part but is not displaceable thereon 70 The actuating member for the
displaceable clutch part may also operatively be connected with
spindle braking means, which, when disconnecting the clutch, will
exert a braking force upon the yarn carrier so as 75 quickly to stop
the same.
Referring now to the drawings in detail and Figs 1 to 3 thereof in
particular, the structure shown therein comprises a spindle rail 1 of
a textile spinning or twisting machine 80 in which the spindle drive
shaft 2 common to all of the spindles on the same side of the machine
is journalled In conformity with the respective spacing of the
spindles, drives for the drive of the individual spindles are 85
arranged on the drive shaft 2 According to the embodiment shown in
Figs I to 3, said drives comprise helical wheels 3 arranged to mesh
with the helical thread 5 at tile Ilwer end of the respective spindle
4 90 With this arrangement the drive wheel 3 is freely rotatably
mounted on a sleeve or bushing 6 which serves as carrier for the
entire clutch assembly so that the latter can be mounted as a
self-contained unit upon the 95 drive shaft 2 To this end the sleeve 6
is provided with slots 7 which give resiliency to said end of the
sleeve One end of the sleeve 6 is provided with a flange 8 which
serves as an abutment at one end of the 100 sleeve, whereas the
abutment at the other end of the sleeve is formed by a ring 9 by means
of which the sleeve 6 can be clamped fast to the driving shaft 2 This
arrangement allows a precise adjustment of all driv 105 ing wheels 3
on the drive shaft 2 with regard to the individual spindles 4 (one
spindle only being shown).
The drive wheel 3 is fixedly connected to a bearing bushing 10, which
is freely rotat 110 able on shaft 2, by means of a key 11 so that the
wheel 3 cannot rotate on the bushing 10.
On that side of the drive wheel which is remete from the adjusting
ring 9, there is arranged a clutch sleeve 12 which is non 115
rotatably connected to the sleeve 6 by means of a key 13, but which is
axially displaceable so that the clutch sleeve 12 will be carried
along by shaft 2 when the latter is rotated.
The clutch sleeve 12 is so designed and 1 arranged that it is out of
engagement with the drive wheel 3 when its outer surface abuts the
flange 8 of the sleeve 6.
In order to bring about driving engagement between the clutch sleeve
12 and the 125 drive wheel 3 in the manner intended by the present
invention, the clutch sleeve 12 is according to the particular
structure shown in the drawing designed hollow, whereas the drive
wheel is provided with an extension 13 G extending in the direction
toward said clutch sleeve 12 Said extension is adapted to enter a
corresponding recess in the clutch sleeve 12 when the latter is moved

5. against the drive 785,553 While the clutch sleeve 12 is being moved
further joward the drive shaft 3, the clutch teeth 19, 20 will engage
each other without 70 shock, parti'cularly since they are arranged
with peripheral play with regard to each other, whereby a positive
engagement and drive of the spindle 4 to be driven is assured.
After the clutch sleeve 12 has been com 75 pletely engaged, the
friction ring 15 springs into the annular groove 18 a of the
frictional member 18 connected to the clutch sleeve 12, thereby
preventing accidental disengagement of the clutch parts (Fig 2) 80 If
the spinning or twisting spindle is to be stopped, the clutch sleeve
12 is by means of the lever 24 shifted in the direction opposite to
that indicated by arrow a, so that first the teeth 19 and 20 and only
subse 85 quently the frictional surfaces 15 and 18 disengage each
other Simultaneously with this operation, the spindle 4 is braked by
the braking member 25.
Fig 4 illustrates a spindle 4 which through 90 the intervention of a
whorl 26 and a belt is driven directly and constitutes a driven shaft.
The whorl 26 is shrunk upon the spindle 4 so as to be fixedly
connected thereto or may in any other way be non-rotatably and non 95
disulaceably mounted on said spindle 4.
Above the whorl there is a yarn carrier 27 or bobbin Icosely placed
upon the spindle 4 in s-ch a manner that it can rotate about the
spindle, if desired, by means of anti-friction 100 bearings (not shown
in the drawing) This yarn carrier 27 is also adapted to be moved in
the direction of the double arrow c The term "yarn carrier" is to be
understood generally to indicate any member or part of 105 the spindle
which receives the cop forming member such as yarn sleeve or bobbin.
The whorl 26 is provided with a hub extending in the direction toward
the yarn carrier 27 This hub carries a frictional 110 clutch member,
namely, the friction ring 28, and also carries positive clutch
elements, namely, the teeth or jaws 29 which are adapted to engage
corresponding teeth or jaws 31 provided around the interior of a 115
cavity in the lower end of the yarn carrier 27 The operation of the
arrangement according to Fig 4 is similar to that described in
connection with Figs 1 to 3 When the yarn carrier 27 is moved
downwardly from 120 the position shown in Fig 4 by any convenient
means, first the friction ring 28 frictionally engages the jaw-like
elements 31 so that the yarn carrier is smoothly brought up to the
speed of the driving whorl 26 When 125 the yarn carrier 27 is moved
further downwardly, the teeth or jaws 29 engage the teeth or jaws 31
so that the yarn carrier 27 is now positively carried along by the
whorl 26 The friction ring 28 then snaps into the recess 30 130 and
thus serves as safety holding devices for the clutch In order to stop
the yarn carrier, the yarn carrier is lifted, preferably by the same

6. device by which it was lowered, wherewheel 3.
The extension of the drive wheel 3 is formed by rings 14, 15 The ring
14 represents a spacer ring, whereas the ring 15 has its
circumferential surface provided with a friction liner or is a
frictional divided and expansible ring which by means of the key 11
common also to the wheel 3 is prevented from rotating about the
bushing 10 The rings 14, 15 are 'prevented from moving in axial
direction by a spring ring or circlip 16.
The frictional ring 15 is expediently designed as a divided expansible
and contractable spring ring having different cross-sections that
makes it possible when being compressed to allow uniform deformation
and thereby uniform pressing pressures.
In the front portion of the recess 17 of the clutch sleeve 12 there is
provided an annular frictional surface 18 That portion of said
frictional surface 18 which is adjacent the front edge of the sleeve
12 has'a smaller diameter than the subsequent portion of said annular
frictional surface or frictional member 18 Said last mentioned portion
of said frictional member 18 thus forms a kind of annular groove 18 a
as is clearly visible from Figs 1 and 2 When the clutch is engaged,
the frictional ring 15 can snap into said annular groove as is clearly
shown in Fig 2.
When the clutch is engaged by moving the clutch sleeve 12 in the
direction of the arrow a (Fig 1), the parts 15 and 18 establish
frictional driving connection The positive driving connection is
established by means of clutch teeth or clutch jaws 19 at the inner
face of the sleeve 12 when said teeth or jaws 19 engage corresponding
teeth or jaws 20 on the drive wheel 3 This will occur when the clutch
sleeve 12 is moved in the direction of the arrow a until it abuts the
drive wheel 3.
The displacement or shifting of the clutch sleeve 12 is effected bv
means of a fork 22 engaging the groove 21 of the clutch sleeve 12 The
fork 22 is adapted to be actuated by means of a lever 24 which is
connected to the fork 22 by means of a pin or shaft and an additional
lever arm 23 The pin or shaft is journalled in and guided by a sleeve
mounted in the spindle rail 1, as shown The lever 24 may be provided
with an extension 25 extending in the direction toward the respective
spinning or twisting spindle 4 This extension 25 may be designed as a
braking member for frictionally engaging the spindle 4 when the lever
24 is moved angularly for withdrawing the clutch sleeve 12 from
coupling engagement with the drive wheel 3, i e, when moving the
clutch sleeve 12 in the opposite direction to the arrow a from the
position shown in Fig 2.
From the above, it will be evident that when engaging the clutch
sleeve 12, first the frictional surfaces or members 15 and 18 will

7. frictionally engage each other, whereby the drive wheel 3 will be
quickly but smoothly brought up to the speed of the drive shaft 2.
785,553 upon the coupling or clutch parts will be disengaged from each
other in a manner inverse to that described above.
If it is not desired or not permitted to move the yarn carrier in
axial direction, the arrangement may be modified as shown in Fig 5 In
this instance, the spindle shaft 4, either driven positively by a
screw wheel drive 2, 3, 5, or in a direct manner by a whorl 26
(indicated in dash lines), is provided with a splined section 32 on
which a sleeve 33 is axially displaceable in the direction of the
double arrow d Above said sleeve 33 there is arranged the yarn carrier
271 which is rotatable about the spindle shaft 4 but is not axially
movable thereon The sleeve 33 and yarn carrier 271 are provided with
frictional and positive engaging elements 28 ' and 291, 311
respectively, which represent the coupling members designed and
operating in a manner sirnilar to those described in connection with
Figs 1 to 4 These clutch elements 28 ', 291, 311 will, depending on
the axial movement of the sleeve 33 in one or the other direction,
cause the yarn carrier 27 ' to be driven by the drive shaft 2 or to be
stopped.
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* GB785554 (A)
Description: GB785554 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Thrust-bearing structure
Description of GB785554 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,554 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification April

8. 12,1955.
No 10507/55.
A plication made in France on April 14, 1954.
Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 12 ( 1), A( 2: 5 B 4).
International Classification:-Fo 6 c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION " 1 Thrust-bearing structure " We, SO Ci ETE
ALSACIENNE DE CONSTRUCTIONS MECANIQUES, a French Body Corporate, of
Mulhouse, Haut-Rhin, France, do hereby declare the invention, for
which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement: -
This invention relates to thrust bearing structures of the type in
which a liquid set under pressure by centrifugal forces resulting from
the rotation of a rotary member is interposed in an annular chamber
provided for this purpose, between an annular surface of a fixed part
and an annular surface of the rotary member, so as to maintain in the
said annular chamber a liquid pressure increasing with the speed of
the rotary member and tending to urge the rotating surface away from
the fixed one, suitable means such as axial ball-bearings being
provided to limit the relative axial displacement between said rotary
member and fixed part, at least in one direction.
In the known thrust-bearing structures of this type, the liquid is set
under pressure in the annular chamber proper into which it is fed near
the shaft, means being provided to cause rotation of the liquid, so as
to generate centrifugal forces to urge the liquid towards the
periphery of the chamber to thereby build up the desired liquid
pressure in said chamber.
Now, since, in such an annular chamber, the liquid remains in
frictional contact with the fixed parts, in spite of the action of the
means provided for ensuring its rotation and whatever may be the said
means (blades attached to the rotary member, grooves in the wall of
said member, etc), the action of the centrifugal force remains
hindered, so that the average pressure of the liquid in the chamber
cannot overcome, -in the best conditions, a value substantially equal
to half the pressure near the outer periphery of said lPrice 3 b 46 d
' chamber.
The present invention has for an object to provide a thrust bearing
structure of the type described, wherein a liquid pressure is built up
in the rotary member proper which is so 50 designed as to cause
positive rotation of the liquid without any counteracting friction,
the said pressure liquid being continuously fed into the usual annular
chamber, to thereby maintain in the latter a far higher average 55
pressure than in the known thrust bearing structures.

9. For this purpose, there is provided according to the present invention
a fluid thrust bearing for a rotary shaft comprising a 60 stationary
member freely surrounding a part of the shaft and a rotor rotating
with said shaft and providing with said stationary member a pair of
mutually facing annular surfaces at least one of which is recessed to
65 form an annular liquid pressure chamber, characterised by the fact
that the rotor com prises a plurality of radial liquid passages
extending from the inner periphery of the rotor to a point near the
outer periphery 70 thereof, and that an outer region of said liquid
pressure chamber and the outer ends of the radial passages are
interconnected by axial liquid passages, means being provided to
conduct liquid to the inner ends of said 75 radial passages wherdby
centrifugal force will cause the liquid in said radial passages to
flow through said axial, passages into said outer region of the
chamber to thereby create in said chamber a mean liquid pressure 80
higher than that which may be created by the sole centrifugal action
of the liquid contained in the chamber.
The annular chamber may be perfectly smooth and preferably contains
fixed blades, 85 so as to reduce to a minimum the action of the
centrifugal force in the said annular chamber, the pressure liquid
from the rotor being fed near the periphery of the said annular
chamber 90 Stationary liquid conducting means may be provided in the
fixed part, to collect liquid at maximum pressure near the periphery
of the annular chamber, the said liquid being then re-injected near
the inner periphery of the said chamber.
With this last arrangement, the high liquid pressure created in the
outer region of the annular liquid pressure chamber by the centrifugal
action of the liquid conducted to the radial liquid passages of the
rotor may still be increased by centrifugal action of the liquid
contained in the annular liquid pressure chamber.
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying
drawings in which:
Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of a thrust bearing structure
according to the invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along line 2-2 of Figure 1 taken in
the direction of the arrows, and, Figures 3 and 4 are detail views of
two alternative embodiments.
Re-erring first to Figures 1 and 2, there is shown at 2 a shaft
subjected to an axial thrust acting in the direction of the arrow F of
Figure 1, i e from the right towards the left in this Figure The shaft
2 is journalled on two ball-bearings 4 and 6, the inner races of which
rotate with the shaft 2, while their outer races are mounted for free
sliding in the bores 8 and 10 of two fixed supports 12 and 14 In other
words, both ball-bearings 4 and 6 are exclusively provided to support

10. the radial loads of shaft 2, while they have no action whatever
against the axial thrusts exerted on the said shaft.
The fixed support 12 is fixedly secured in a frame 16 provided with a
bore 18 in which is mounted a block 20 on which bears a plate 22
Screws such as 24 are provided to secure both the plate 22 on the
block 20 and these two parts together on the frame 16 The frame 16 as
well as the support 14 are fixedly secured on a base plate 161.
The outer face 26 of the plate 22 is machined flat, to form a bearing
surface.
On the shaft 2 is keyed, as shown at 30, a rotary member or rotor 28.
The left-hand face (in Figure 1) of the said rotor 28 is but slightly
spaced from the face 26 of the plate 22 and is provided with a
continuous annular recess 32 A nut 34 screwed on a threaded portion 36
of the shaft 2 holds the following stack assembly of parts on a
shouldering 38 of the shaft 2: the inner race of the bearing 4, a
spacing ring 40, the inner race 42 of a ball-bearing 44 provided with
two rows of balls as described in detail hereinafter, a spacing sleeve
46 and the hub of the rotor 28.
The plate 22 is provided with a radial passage 48 terminated outwardly
by an innerly threaded portion in which is screwed a union 50 for
attachment of a pipe 52 communicating with an oil reservoir (not
shown).
The rotor 28 keyed on the shaft -2 is provided with a number of radial
ducts 54 (five 70 in the example shown) The said ducts communicate at
their inner end with a bore 56 of the rotor 28, the said bore having a
diameter higher than the outer diameter of the registering portion of
the sleeve 46 The said ducts 75 54 do not open in the periphery of the
rotor 28, but communicate with the recess 32 through nozzles 58
parallel with the axis of the shaft 2 For manufacturing facilities,
each duct 54 is preferably machined by 80 drilling from outside a
diametral hole through the rotor, up to a short distance to its
periphery, the mouth of the said hole being subsequently obturated by
means of a suitable plug, as shown at 60 As shown in 85 Figure 2, the
ducts 54 are regularly spaced around the rotor 28, so that the same,
when provided with the necessary plugs undergoes no perturbation of
its balance Alternatively, it is also possible to provide the radial
exten 90 sions of the ducts 54 with axial ports similar to 58, so as
to use also the pressure generated in the said extensions by the
rotation of the rotor 28.
The plate 22 is provided with an axial bore 95 62 having the same
diameter as the bore 56 of the rotor 28 The portions of the sleeve 46,
registering with the passage 48 of the plate 22 and with the ducts 54
of the rotor 28, as well as the portion intermediate there 100
between, have an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the axial

11. bores 62 and 56.
The liquid incoming through the pipe 52 is thus free to flow, through
the passage 48 of the plate 22, into the inner ends of the radial 105
ducts 54 of the rotor 28.
As previously mentioned, the device comprises, in the example shown, a
ball bearing 44, the inner race 42 of which rotates with the shaft 2
The outer race 64 of the said 110 bearing is housed in a bore 66 of
the block 20, the diameter of this last bore being materially larger
than the diameter of the outer race 64 of the bearing 44, the function
of which is merely to act as a mechanical 115 thrust-bearing during
the starting period.
For this purpose, the left-hand face of the outer race 64 of the
bearing may be brought into contact with a shouldering 68 of the bore
66 of the block 20 Similarly, the other side 120 face of the said
outer race may be brought into contact with the face 70 of the plate
22, so as to limit the action of the liquid pressure.
In order to be capable of supporting axial loads in safe conditions,
the ball bearing 44 125 is provided with deep rolling grooves
Moreover, it includes two rows of balls, so as to be capable of acting
as a thrust bearing in both axial directions.
Any other suitable type of mechanical 130 thrust-bearing capable of
ensuring the same function could be also clearly adopted.
The above described thrust-bearing structure operates as follows:
785,554 of the annular chamber is reduced Assuming that the mean
angular velocity of the liquid in the annular chamber is substantially
70 equal to half the angular velocity of the rotor, due to the fact
that, while the rotating wall tends to set the liquid in rotation by
friction, the stationary wall tends to oppose the said rotation also
by friction and to the 75 same extent Since, on the other hand, the
centrifugal force, as known, is proportional to the square of the
angular velocity, it may be admitted that the said centrifugal force,
at each point of the annular chamber, will 80 be equal to one fourth
of the centrifugal force acting at a point of same radius on the
liquid in the ducts of the rotor.
As a result, it may be admitted that the pressure of the liquid near
the periphery of 85 the annular chamber is substantially equal to four
times the maximum pressure which would be built up therein, if the
liquid in the annular chamber were submitted to the only action of the
centrifugal forces acting in said 90 chamber In these conditions, the
liquid is urged, in said chamber, from the outer towards the inner
periphery under the action of the pressure built up in the rotor,
against the action of the centrifugal forces in the 95 chamber, with a
force equal to four times the last mentioned centrifugal action Thus,
it may be admitted that near the shaft, the pressure in the chamber is

12. substantially equal to three fourth of the maximum pressure at 100
equilibrium, i e for example if the liquid escape at the periphery of
the chamber is considered as negligible.
Thus the average pressure in the annular chamber may be assumed to be
about one 105 half the sum of the maximum pressure built up in the
rotor and three fourth of the said pressure, or 7/8 of the said
maximum pressure, which is a considerable improvement with respect to
the known thrust bearing 110 structures wherein, as exposed in the
preamble, the said average pressure is about one half of the said
maximum pressure.
In the alternative embodiment shown in Figure 3, an annular recess 71
provided in 115 the fixed plate 22 and opening in the outer peripheral
zone of the annular chamber 32 in front of the nozzles 58 picks up the
major portion of the pressure liquid projected by the said nozzles The
liquid thus picked up 120 is re-injected through passages 72 into the
inner peripheral zone of the chamber 32.
Since the said liquid has kept substantially the maximum pressure
previously built-up in the radial ducts 54, there is established in
125 the said inner peripheral zone a pressure substantially equal to
the said maximum pressure As a result, eventually, the average
pressure in the chamber 32 is but slightly lower than said maximum
pressure Thus 130 with this last arrangement, the high liquid pressure
created in the outer region of the annular liquid pressure chamber by
the centrifugal action of the liquid conducted to At rest, all parts
are in the positions shown in the drawing.
In other words, in the presence of an axial thrust F, the outer race
64 of the ball bearing 44 bears against the shoulder 68 to support the
said axial thrust The left-hand face (in Figure 1) of the rotor 28
lies in the immediate vicinity of the outer face 26 of the plate 22
without, however, any metal-to-metal contact therebetween The radial
ducts 54 and the recess 32 of the rotor 28 are filled with liquid from
the above mentioned reservoir through the pipe 52, the passage 48 of
the plate 22 and the respective bores 62 and 56 of the plate 22 and
rotor 28 The said liquid however is not under pressure, or more
precisely, it is under but a very small pressure due to the difference
between the levels of the said liquid in the rotor 28 and in the
reservoir.
As soon as the shaft 2 is set into rotation, the centrifugal force
acting on the liquid contained in the radial ducts 54 of the rotor 28
progressively increases the pressure of the said liquid along the said
ducts with a maximum near the periphery of the rotor 28.
The said maximum liquid pressure is transmitted through the ports 58
of the rotor into the recess 32 The rotor 28, under the action of the
said pressure, takes a bearing on the outer face 26 of the plate 22

13. and slightly pushes the shaft 2 towards the right (in Figure 1) The
gap between the peripheral edge of the rotor 28 and the plate 22
enlarges, the resistance to the escape of the liquid therethrough is
reduced, until a condition of equilibrium is reached for which the
pressure of the liquid in the recess 32 of the rotor 28 has such a
value that the resultant of the unit forces exerted longitudinally by
the liquid pressure on the rotor becomes equal to the axial thrust F
acting in the opposite direction It is to be noted that, in these
conditions, the outer race 64 no longer bears on the shouldering 68 of
the bore 66 of the block 20, so that the shaft 2, together with any
other element rotating therewith, is held against shifting leftwards
exclusively by the film of liquid comprised between the rotor 0 28 and
the plate 22.
In the case when the axial thrust has but a low value, the outer race
64 of the bearing 44 will come into contact with the face 70 of the
plate 22.
It is to be noted that in the above described arrangement, the liquid
is fed near the periphery of the annular chamber with the maximum
value of the pressure built up in the rotor, whereafter the liquid
will tend to flow under the action of said pressure from the outer
periphery of the annular chamber towards its inner periphery against
the action of the centrifugal force therein.
Since said annular chamber is smooth, any positive means to promote
rotation of the liquid being omitted, the said centrifugal force
urging the liquid towards the periphery 785,554 the radial liquid
passages of the rotor may still be increased by centrifugal action of
the liquid contained in the annular liquid pressure chamber.
The re-entrant portion constituting the annular chamber may be
obtained by recessing the fixed and/or the rotating annular surfaces.
In Figure 3, both surfaces are recessed as shown at 32 a and 32 In
Figure 4, only the fixed surface is recessed as shown in 32 a, while
in Figure 1, as previously described, the chamber 32 is formed
entirely in the rotating member 28 To obtain the desired re-entrant
portion one or both of the mutually facing surfaces may be entirely
flat with concentric ring members secured to one or both of said
surfaces to form axially projecting flanges defining, with said flat
surfaces, the liquid pressure chamber.
Furthermore, the invention is not limited to the particular
constructions described above Thus, for supporting the axial thrust F
during the starting period i e before the liquid has reached, in rotor
28, under the action of the centrifugal forces, a pressure sufficient
to ensure the above described operation, it is possible, instead of
using a ball bearing such as 44, to momentarily feed in a pressure
liquid into the pipe 52 for aiding the provisorily insufficient

14. centrifugal forces in building-up in the recess 32 of the rotor a
pressure sufficient to compensate the axial thrust F.
It is also possible to provide any suitable packing means such as a
labyrinth joint between the fixed and rotary parts and, in particular,
between the rotor 28 and the plate 22 Similarly, it will be
advantageous to provide a system for collecting the liquid escaping
from the recess 32 between the rotor 28 and the plate 22, and if
desired, a system for filtering and re-cycling the said liquid.
it is also possible to provide in the annular chamber 32, means, such
as fins or blades tending to prevent the liquid from rotating, so as
to reduce to a minimum the centrifugal forces resisting to the
building up in the whole chamber of the pressure existing near its
periphery Moreover, the registering annular surfaces used are not
necessarily rigorously normal to the axis of rotation; for example,
they may be slightly conical.
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* GB785555 (A)
Description: GB785555 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to medicinal preparations
Description of GB785555 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
We, E GRIFFITHS HUGHES LIMITED, of
Peru Street, Adelphi, Salford 3, in the County of Lancaster, a Company
incorporated under the Laws of Great Britain, do S hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to preparations for the treatment of
haemorrhoids.
An object of the invention is to provide for the treatment of
haemorrhoids a novel preparation which can be self-administered more
conveniently, cleanly and quickly than ointments and other means
applied directly to the rectum with or without the aid of a
suppository or plug, and gives at least as much relief and comfort and
reduces bleeding at least as much as said ointments or other means.
Another object is to provide for the treatment of haemorrhoids a novel
preparation which consists of or contains a substance which when
swallowed exhibits the hitherto unknown property of exerting a
soothing effect or releasing a substance or substances when acted on
by internal secretions, which exerts or exert a soothing effect on
haemorrhoids A still further object of the invention is to provide for
the treatment of haemorrhoids a novel preparation in which the said
substance is associated with one or more laxatives which assist the
said substance by expediting its passage or the passage of a substance
or substances released therefrom to the rectum and by conducing
towards a less hard condition of the faeces and therefore towards a
reduction in the ability of the faeces to rub or wipe the already
acting lPrice 3 s 6 d l substance or released substance or substances
off the haemorrhoids when passing faeces.
A still further object of the invention is to provide for the
treatment of haemorrhoids a novel preparation in which the said
substance is absorbed or absorbed by the laxative or one of the
laxatives and is therefore carried thereby in small particles and thus
it or the released substance or substances becomes or become more
uniformly distributed in the faeces and consequently inside the
rectum.
According to the invention there is provided a preparation for the

16. treatment of haemorrhoids, by oral administration, which includes as a
medicinal ingredient 10-35 % by weight myristyl alcohol, cetyl
alcohol, stearyl alcohol, an ester of any of said alcohols with
myristic, palmitic or stearic acid, cetyl laurate or stearyl laurate,
or a mixture thereof, which is only partly hydrolysed in the digestive
tract so that the alcohols, either unchanged or formed by hydrolysis,
and/or unchanged ester or esters will travel to the rectum and form a
coating thereat, admixed with a carrier and, if desired,
disintegrants, lubricants or the like.
Of these substances, the naturally occurring wax svermaceti is
preferred.
The preparation may further include a laxative ingredient such as
magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulphate, senna,
rhubarb, extracts of cascara, phenolphthalein and liquid paraffin.
Preferably the carrier comprises one or more laxative substances, such
as cellulose derivatives including ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose,
methyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or agar.
Preferably, the carrier carries the said alcohol or alcohols and/or
ester or esters in 785,555 PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventor: -HAROLD WOODBOURNE.
Date of filing Complete Specification: Sept 29, 1956.
Application Date: April 14, 1955 No 10727155.
Comiplete Specification Publislh ed: Oct 30, 1957.
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* GB785556 (A)
Description: GB785556 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in decorticators for hulling grains
Description of GB785556 (A)

17. PATENT SPECIFICATION
i @ A d Date of Applic U r I No12630/55 Application in (Patent of,
Complete Spe Index at acceptance: -Class 58, A 2, AH 4 B. 785,556
:ation and filing Complete Specification May 2, 1955.
ade in Belgium on May 18, 1954.
Wdition to No 713,986 dated March 25, 1952).
cification Published Oct 30, 1957.
International Classification: -BO 2 b.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Decor ticators for Hulling Grains I, EDGARD GRIMARD,
of 90, rue Louvrex, Liege, Belgium, a subject of the King of the
Belgians, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a
patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
In my Patent Specification 713986, I have described a decorticator of
the type comprising a vertical cylindrical vessel in which there
revolves a vertical shaft carrying rubbing members.
Now I have recognised-a surprising and unforeseen fact-that for the
satisfactory operation of the apparatus and in order to obtain the
desired yield it is advantageous that the apparatus should perform a
sequence of intermittent operations of individually variable duration,
these operations being repeated in accordance with a definite cycle;
this has led to an improvement in or modification of the decorticator,
whereby the charge of material, when once introduced into the
decorticator, is treated therein without another introduction of
material and/or evacuation thereof during the course of the treatment.
In other words, the operations of admission, treatment and evacuation
should each be effected completely, separately and successively for a
desired period of time.
Thus the invention is characterised in that the decorticator is
provided with intermittently operating means for admission and
evacuation of a charge of material, which when once admitted into the
decorticator, remains enclosed therein during treatment, that is to
say cut off from all communication with the exterior, for a variable
period between the admission and evacuation, the periods of duration
of which can themselves be made of any desired length by regulating
said intermittently operating means, so that the working cycle, which
can be continually repeated, comprises intermittent and individually
variable periods of admission, treatment and evacuation of the
material.
To this characteristic feature of the invention there is added the
provision of automatic lPrice 3 s 6 d l and adjustable means for

18. regulating the length of the periods for admission of material into
the decorticator, for its treatment therein and for its evacuation.
This object will be achieved by the addition to the decorticator of
electrical switches under the control of timing relays with variable
operation periods, controlling the intermittently operating means for
the admission and evacuation of the material The variable timing
relays are interconnected so as to operate in sequence in such a
manner that when the relay controlling the admission of material is in
operation, the relays controlling the periods of treatment and
evacuation are out of operation, but when the treatment relay is in
operation the relays controlling the admission and evacuation are out
of operation, and finally when the relay controlling the evacuation is
in operation the treatment and admission relays are out of operation
This is made apparent by the provision of pilot lamps which remain lit
up while the operation io which they are allocated lasts.
Thus, by way of explanation and not of limitation, when for example a
charge of 12 to 15 kg of material is introduced, the admission can
extend over a period of 5 to 20 seconds, the treatment over a period
of 2 to 4 minutes and the evacuation over a period of 2 to 10 seconds,
after which the cycle of operations recommences as described.
The invention is hereinafter described with reference to the
accompanying drawings, which show diagrammatically an embodiment of
the invention.
In these drawings, Fig 1 represents an elevation of the apparatus,
with the arrangement of its internal elements shown in broken lines;
Fig 2 is an elevational section on a larger scale, in the upper part
of the machine, showing the admission means in the form of a slide
operated by an electromagnet; Fig 3 is a horizontal section on a
larger scale, along the line III-III in Fig 1, showing the evacuation
means in the form of a partcylindrical slide, seen in closed position;
785,556 Fig 4 is a diagram, showing a number of electrical relays with
variable times of operation, for regulating the durations of the
different operations in the course of the treatment of the material;
Fig 5 is a diagrammatic elevation of the control box containing the
variable timing relays and electrical switches, and having a series of
pilot lamps indicating the operations in progress in the decorticator.
With reference to Figs 1, 2 and 3, the numeral 1 represents the outer
casing of the decorticator, the decorticator itself comprising a
vessel 2 and a vertical driving shaft 3 actuated, through the
intermediary of a cear train, by an electric motor 4 The entire
apparatus is housed in the outer casing 1, as represented in Fig 1 The
internal arrangement of the decorticator is similar to the
ernbodiments appearing in the drawings of the Specification 713,986.
On the top of the decorticator, as shown in Figs 1 and 2, there is

19. arranged a hopper 5 for the supply of the material, which drops into a
cup 6 having a transparent sid avall 7.
The bottom of this cup 6 is formed l?-c two superposed plates 8, 9,
provided with axial passages 8 a, 9 a respectively, between which
plates there is disposed a slide 10 wyith an aperture 13 The
projecting end of fthe slide has a transverse spindle 11 engaged in a
fork 14 forming one end of a bell-crank lever pivoted at 16 on the
vessel 2 Unon the other end 17 of the lever 15 there is ni-v-otally
attached a rod 18 secured to the movable core of an electromagnet 21
Upon the Mod 18 there is fixed a plate 19, upon which there abuts one
end of a compression spring 20, the other end of which bears on the
upper face of the electromagnet 21 Thus the slide 10 forms the
material admission means, being operated directly by the electromagnet
21 in the embodiment here represented; it would also be possible to
use an electromagnet for operating a valve controlling a supply of
compressed air to a cylinder having a piston arranged to operate the
slide, where such an air-supply is available, thus operating the slide
indirectly.
Fig 3 represents the arrangement of the material evacuation means
represent-d by a slide 22 of part-clindrical shape, mo-'ing in a
vertical direction across an evacuation conduit 25 which is disposed
tangentiall-:, as seen in this Fig 3, and not radially as night appear
from Fig 1 This part-cylindrical slide 22 closes or opens the
communication between the bottom of the vessel 2, by way of the
opening in its side wall as seen in ig 3, and the evacuation conduit
25 leadiing out rough the wall of the casing 1 The slide 22 is
surmounted laterally and e ternallv of the vessel 2 by a flange or
plate 23, upon which there is fixed the lower end of a rod 24 secured
to the core of an electromagnet 27 As in the case of the rod 18, the
rod 24 is prov dad with a stop-plate engaged by a compression spring
26, which tends to return the slide to closed position Again, the
electromagnet 27 may operate the slide 22 indirectly by means of a 70
valve controlling a supply of compressed air to a cylinder for
operating the slide.
The casing 1, as seen in Fig 1, has fixed thereon and partially
engaged therein a control box 28, in which the electric leads and 75
relays controlling the electromagnets are disposed This box 28, as
seen in Fig 5, is fitted with two external push buttons, one button 29
for starting the main motor 4 driving the decorticator, and the second
button 30 ener 80 gizing three variable timing relays RA, RT, RE,
interconnected so as to operate in sequence The admission relay RA
effects the closure of a switch CA, which feeds, through the
connection 31, the electromagnet 21 85 operating the material
admission slide 10; at the end of the admission period, this relay

20. switches off the electromagnet 21 and energizes the treatment or
working relay RT At the end of the period of treatment selected by 90
the adjustment of this relay RT, it energizes the relav RE for the
closure of a switch CE, which feeds, through the connection 32, the
electromagnet 27 operating the material evacuation slide 22 At the end
of its timing 95 period, the relay RE switches off the electromagnet
27 and re-energizes the relay RA for another admission period, and so
on Thus the period for treatment of the material in the decorticator
is the time elapsing between the Ion cutting out of the admission
switch CA and the closure of the evacuation switch CE The compression
springs 20 and 26 operate respectively to stop the admission and
evacuation of th material, when the relavs RA and RE 105 are
de-energized and their switches open the respective (electromagnet
circuits The switches may be of anv suitable tvre, for example
co-operating contacts upon the relays.
L,, Le, L,, L, represent pilot lamps which 110 light up during the
operation to which they are allocated Thus when the lamp L, is alight,
it indicates that the driving motor 4 is in operation; the lamp L will
indicate, when it is alight, the admission of material, con 115
trolled by the relay RA the lamp L will indicate, when it is alight
the working time of the apparatus controlled by the relav RT; and
finally the lamp L, will indicate, while it is alight, the evacuation
of the material, con 120 trolled by the relay RE.
Thus a simple glance at the lamps will inform an observer of the
operation which is being carried out.
In Fig 4 the vertical lines represent the 125 periods of two
consecutive cycles of operation, each having a duration of t seconds,
the cvcle beirg repeated continuously Each cycle is sub-divided to
represent the times of operation of the variable relays RA, RT, RE the
130 785,556 horizontal line A represents the admission period, line T
the treatment period, and line E the evacuation period.
As already indicated, the periods represented by the horizontal lines
A, T, E, which correspond to the durations of the several operations,
are variable at will by adjustment of the respective timing relays.
As may be observed, the operations will be repeated successively in
the order indicated, each operation having a duration which can be
regulated, according to the nature of the material its qualities or
other considerations which must be taken into account for the
treatment The periods mentioned by way of example at the commencement
of the present description, indicate the order of magnitude of the
durations which it is appropriate to adopt for obtaining the optimum
output of the machine, but these periods may of course be regulated to
suit particular cases.

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* GB785557 (A)
Description: GB785557 (A) ? 1957-10-30
A new or improved lintel block
Description of GB785557 (A)
We, GUEST, KEEN & NETTLEFOLDS (SOUTH
WALES) LIMITED, a British Company, of Castle Works, Cardiff, in the
County of Glamorgan, do hereby declare the invention, for which we
pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is
to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to lintel blocks which are adapted to be
mounted above the opening in a fireplace Such blocks cooperate with
the fireback to provide a restricted throat in the flue.
The object of the present invention is to provide an improved
construction.
According to the present invention, we provide a lintel block wherein
the block is of wide angle V section, whereby the block may be
disposed in position with one limb thereof in a horizontal plane and
with the other limb thereof inclined upwardly toward the back of the
fireplace.
Preferably the block is provided, at each end thereof, with a
centrally disposed projecting boss, the one side limb of the block
having the outer portion thereof of shorter length than the
corresponding portion of the other side limb, whereby the block can be
used with fireplaces having openings of different widths.
For example, the outer portion of the one limb may be 16 inches long
and the outer portion of the other limb 18 inches long.

22. The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing
wherein:Figure 1 is a plan view of the lintel block; Figure 2 is an
end elevation; and Figure 3 is a sectional view showing the block in
Dosition in a fireplace.
In the form of our invention illustrated the lintel block 10 is
manufactured in fireclay and is of wide angle V section, the limbs 11,
12 of the block being approxilPrice 3 s 6 d l mately 1 inches thick
The angle between the limbs 11 and 12 of the block may be of the order
of 1300.
Instead of making the block of fireclay material it may be made of
refractory concrete or other suitable material.
The two outer corners of each of the limbs 11 and 12 of the block are
cut away, as shown at 13 and 14 respectively, so that the block is
provided at each end thereof with a centrally disposed projecting boss
15, the outer portions of each limb being thus of less length than the
inner portions thereof.
The outer portion of the one limb 11 is shorter than the corresponding
portion of the other limb 12 and, for example, the outer portion of
the limb 11 may be 16 inches long whilst the outer portion of the limb
12 is 18 inches long Thus, the block can be used with either a 16 inch
fireplace or with an 18 inch fireplace.
When the block 10 is positioned in a fireplace 16 as shown in Figure
3, the one limb thereof, that is to say in the case of an 18 inch
fireplace, the longer limb 12, is disposed in a horizontal plane The
other limb 11 of the block 10 will project upwardly and rearwardly
toward the rear of the fireplace 16 so that it forms a restricted
throat 17 in the flue In addition to providing a restricted throat 17
in the flue, the lintel block 10 prevents hot gases from the fire
coming into contact with the back of a tiled fireplace 18 and thus
prevents cracking and discoloration of the tiles.
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