The document discusses John Keats' odes and how they express both happiness and sadness. It analyzes several of Keats' major odes, including "Ode to a Nightingale", "Ode on a Grecian Urn", "Ode to Autumn", and "Ode on Melancholy". A key point made is that while Keats' poetry celebrates beauty, it also conveys an underlying sense of melancholy and an awareness of mortality. The document argues this reflects Keats' own tragic life, which was cut short by tuberculosis despite his love of beauty, nature, and the senses.
1992 was indeed "an auspicious juncture in the history of His Cause." That year White published not only his final major book of poetry, Occasions of Grace, but also two small volumes: The Language of There and Notes Postmarked the Mountain of God. 1992 also marked the hundredth anniversary of the ascension of Baha'u'llah in 1892. In the Ridvan Message that year, in April 1992, the Universal House of Justice referred to "an onrushing wind...clearing the ground for new conceptions," "some mysterious, rampant force" and a "quickening wind." It was this wind which was ventilating our "modes of thought...renewing, clarifying and amplifying our perspectives."
Perhaps White's final blasts of poetry were part of this "befitting demarcation," this Holy Year. By the end of that Holy Year in May 1993 White had left this earthly life. This "special time for a rendezvous of the soul with the Source of its light and life....a time of retreat to one's innermost being," to which the Universal House of Justice called all Baha'is in April 1992 did arrive quite literally for Roger White.
Perchance the soul of Roger White was being filled, as that year came to an end, in that undiscovered country "with the revivifying breath" of Baha'u'llah's celestial power "from His retreat of deathless splendour."1
1992 was indeed "an auspicious juncture in the history of His Cause." That year White published not only his final major book of poetry, Occasions of Grace, but also two small volumes: The Language of There and Notes Postmarked the Mountain of God. 1992 also marked the hundredth anniversary of the ascension of Baha'u'llah in 1892. In the Ridvan Message that year, in April 1992, the Universal House of Justice referred to "an onrushing wind...clearing the ground for new conceptions," "some mysterious, rampant force" and a "quickening wind." It was this wind which was ventilating our "modes of thought...renewing, clarifying and amplifying our perspectives."
Perhaps White's final blasts of poetry were part of this "befitting demarcation," this Holy Year. By the end of that Holy Year in May 1993 White had left this earthly life. This "special time for a rendezvous of the soul with the Source of its light and life....a time of retreat to one's innermost being," to which the Universal House of Justice called all Baha'is in April 1992 did arrive quite literally for Roger White.
Perchance the soul of Roger White was being filled, as that year came to an end, in that undiscovered country "with the revivifying breath" of Baha'u'llah's celestial power "from His retreat of deathless splendour."1
IMPOLITE PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE TO A CRITICAL EVALUATION ON PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY'...Rituparna Ray Chaudhuri
Perhaps,http://youtu.be/R6mefXs5h9o.
The beautiful atmospheric phenomenon with romantic and dignified language, the ferocity and power of west wind respectively presents the genesis of the poem, making the legend to represent the soaring idealism of the Romantics and a radical belief in a Utopia.-Percy Bysshe Shelley in his alliterative poem 'Ode to the West Wind', An Eternal Beauty of Truth and Philosophy.
a power point presentation on the poem snake by poet D H Lawrence. The presentation also contains summery of the poem, analytics, poetic devices and about the poet
CHAPTER II Eve the Unfolded
CHAPTER III Sarah the Steadfast
CHAPTER IV Rebekah the Far-seeing
CHAPTER V Rachel the Placid
CHAPTER VI Miriam the Gifted
CHAPTER VII Deborah the Drastic .
CHAPTER VIII Ruth the Decided
CHAPTER IX Hannah the Pious
CHAPTER X Mary the Guiding
IMPOLITE PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE TO A CRITICAL EVALUATION ON PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY'...Rituparna Ray Chaudhuri
Perhaps,http://youtu.be/R6mefXs5h9o.
The beautiful atmospheric phenomenon with romantic and dignified language, the ferocity and power of west wind respectively presents the genesis of the poem, making the legend to represent the soaring idealism of the Romantics and a radical belief in a Utopia.-Percy Bysshe Shelley in his alliterative poem 'Ode to the West Wind', An Eternal Beauty of Truth and Philosophy.
a power point presentation on the poem snake by poet D H Lawrence. The presentation also contains summery of the poem, analytics, poetic devices and about the poet
CHAPTER II Eve the Unfolded
CHAPTER III Sarah the Steadfast
CHAPTER IV Rebekah the Far-seeing
CHAPTER V Rachel the Placid
CHAPTER VI Miriam the Gifted
CHAPTER VII Deborah the Drastic .
CHAPTER VIII Ruth the Decided
CHAPTER IX Hannah the Pious
CHAPTER X Mary the Guiding
This is the Romantic Literature Presentation,
here I talk about the John Keats as a Romantic Poet.
1) Poetry of Escape
2 ) Motif
3) Five sense and Art
4) Conclusion
This presentation is submitted to Smt. S. B. Gardi Department of English.
Student Example Deep Desires that Transcend Time Willi.docxcpatriciarpatricia
Student Example
Deep Desires that Transcend Time
William Butler Yeats wrote two poems which are together known as the Byzantium series. The
first is "Sailing to Byzantium," and its sequel is simply named "Byzantium." The former is
considered the easier of the two to understand. It contains multiple meanings and emotions, and
the poet uses various literary devices to communicate them. Two of the most dominant themes of
this poem are the desire for escape from the hardships of this world and the quest for
immortality. These are circumstances of the poet's life that influenced the composition of the
poem. Those personal experiences and Yeats's skillful use of words come together to emphasize
the need, or at least desire, that many people have for escape and immortality.
The first stanza of "Sailing to Byzantium" describes a society of people who live for the moment
but ignore the wisdom and intellect that the poet finds important. In his frustration, the poet says
in lines 21-22 that his heart is "sick with desire / And fastened to a dying animal." He is ready to
leave this world of apathy and arrive in his holy land of Byzantium, which is a sort of paradise in
his mind (Kennedy and Gioia 866-67). This is evidence of his desire for escape. In the second
stanza, Yeats describes an aged man as "a paltry thing, / A tattered coat upon a stick" (9-10). It is
believed that the poet is describing his own condition in these lines. The physical weariness he is
experiencing causes him to want to be able to sing through poetry to keep his spirit alive. He
believes that his poetry can help him to transcend time and old age, and that it will take him to
his ideal city of Byzantium (Thorndike 1852). He prays that the sages of God will "be the
singing-masters of my soul" (20). In other words, he wants to be taught how to write the poetry
that will sustain his spirit. This is the poet's attempt at achieving immortality. As long as his
poetry still exists and is read, a part of his soul continues to live.
These two major themes in the poem are enhanced by the writer's use of symbolism. Byzantium,
as mentioned before, is a sort of ideal land, comparable to the scriptural heaven. This is
obviously one of the most predominant symbols in the poem. Another symbol that carries
throughout the work is that of a bird. There is a reference to a bird in each stanza, but perhaps the
best indicator of its meaning is found in stanza 4. Yeats uses the image of a bird "set upon a
golden bough to sing" (30) to refer to the timelessness and spirit he craves. The bird that is set in
gold is there forever, singing for all time, and the poet longs to be able to sing similarly through
his poetry and therefore achieve immortality. Finally, the metaphor of singing is present in each
stanza and reinforces the poet's desire to be able to create timeless music in poetry. He says that
reading poems is a kind of "singing sch.
The English language : 'I am' but 'I do' speak English! AND ? ITS WHISPERS O...Rituparna Ray Chaudhuri
"THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: AND ITS WHISPERS OF IMMORTALITY".(DIRECT TO ALSO: http://archive.org/details/THEENGLISHLANGUAGEIAMBUTIDOSPEAKENGLISH) (http://www.slideshare.net/RituparnaRayChaudhur/the-english-language-i-am-but-i-do-speak-english)http://bit.ly/1Ps8sR7
The Sov’reign Shrine of Veiled Melancholy- The Shadow of Consumption on La Be...QUESTJOURNAL
―Youth grows pale and spectre thin and dies‖ – John Keats, (Ode to Nightingale) Tuberculosis was one of the most misunderstood and misrepresented diseases of all times. Hailed as Consumption’s Poster Child, Keats' life, like Beethoven's, served as a pattern tor the Romantic artist. In acute distress and emotional turmoil, in 1819 masterpiece followed masterpiece. In Keats' poems we see a concreteness of description of the object he contemplates. All the senses - tactile gustatory, kinetic, organic, as well as visual and auditory combine to give the total apprehension of his experience. His experiences often accord closely with his personal, life and the disasters he had. Keats is austere in poetry and yet he keeps high colouring and variety of appeal to the senses and the mind. Tuberculosis remains with us today, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia where more than a million people die of this disease each year. It is worth recalling its history and its association with literature with special reference to John Keats and his poetry- and specially La Belle Dame Sans Merci that shows a dominant forebrooding over man's mortality from it. La Belle becomes a representation of the disease in Keats’s La Belle Dame Sans Merci and reflects the poet’s struggle with tuberculosis.
Investigations were carried out to see the effect of pesticide 'companion' on the proximal composition and enzyme namely amylase, GOT and GPT of whole green gram in the early stages of germination. The findings revealed that the pesticides increase the enzyme activity in the early stages of germination and thus increase the metabolic rate. The Vitamin-C content was also enhanced with the use of pesticide, but there was a decrease in the proximal composition of the gram when treated with pesticide.
Afghanistan as a landlocked country occupies crucial geo-strategic
location connecting East & west Asia. This work is also the sincere effort to highlight the
factors which can bring sustainable development and peace in Afghanistan & also those
negative factors which are encouraging extremism of Taliban, terrorism and undue interference
by some countries. Generally it has been seen that the regional powers are also vary in action.
I also highlight the role of regional and trans- regional actors which are creating obstacles
in the construction of peaceful Afghanistan. I have also try to highlights the suggestions and
recommendation for the establishment of sustainable development & peace in afghanistan
through the collective support of major powers.
Key words : Afghanistan, Taliban, Great Game, Durand line,Russia ,Caspian sea,WTC
The research paper focuses on the Indian immigrant's experiences of immigration, nostalgia, language,
tradition, and acculturation in the host land with reference to Uma Parameswaran's literary fiction, "What Was
Always Hers". As a diasporic writer, she has seen and experienced immigrant life in the host country, Canada
and in her diasporic works; she has highlighted Indian immigrants' cultural displacement in the adopted country,
Canada. In the present book, she has explored the immigrant life of Indians especially immigrated women in their
adopted country. Her characters are always live in confusion to accept the culture of the native country or host
country and express their socio-cultural ties towards their homeland.
1. International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, January, 2013 ISSN 0975-3486, RNI- RAJBIL- 2009-30097, VOL- IV * ISSUE- 40
Research Paper
John Keats' Odes: Sadness Underlying in Beauty
* Twinkle Hareshbhai Shah
January,2013 ** Dr.Rameshsingh M.Chauhan
* Ph.D. Research Scholar, Singhania University, Pacheri Bari,Jhunjhunu,Rajasthan
** Guide at Singhania University, Pacheri Bari, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan
Introduction nightingale's song is not able to take away him forever.
John Keats was the greatest poet and the link Brain goes fast in a new imaginative world but heart
between the nineteenth and the twentieth century pulls it back to reality. He says that the fancy cannot
in the field of English literature. He is a versatile cheat as well as she is famed to do. In the beginning of
personality : a lyric poet, a mystic, a mythologist, 'Ode to a Nightingale', he expresses:
and a romantic. He was a poet with a political "My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains
ideology; he was a poet with a prophetic vision and My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk."
occult philosophy; and he is also a poet with Keats says that sadness is found not only in sad
experience in experiments in dramaturgy. He was the and in an ugly thing of life but it is also found in the
national poet of the Republic of Ireland. Unlike his beauty and pleasures of the world. He says that melan-
contemporaries Jonathan Swift, Oscar Wilde and choly is there in the company of joy. He says:
Bernard Shaw, Yeats was born in Dublin at George's "Where can I look for consolation or ease?
Ville, Sandymount Avenue, Dublin in South Ireland. If I have any chance of recovery, this passion would kill
But for the longer part of his life he lived in England, me."
and therefore he is both an Irish poet and an English In 'Ode on a Grecian Urn', giving an example of
poets unravished bride, Keats says that she is one who re-
John Keats died at the age of 26. He was so mains inviolate and whose marriage has not been really
young. His life was full of pain, disappointment in love completed. She is untouched and pure because she is
and his younger brother's death because of tubercu- a picture on the urn. There is the glory of Grecian urn.
losis. Even he also died of the same disease. Poverty He says:
could not allow him to marry the woman whom he "Ah, happy, happy bough! That can shed
loved. His life was short-lived but his poems are long- Your leaves, nor ever bid the spring adieu."
lived. Once in a letter to Fanny Brawne in February John Keats Happiness and Sadness
1820, he wrote her: "If I should die…I have left no In spite of his old age and his penchant for philoso-
immortal work behind me nothing to make my friends phy and occultism, Keats could never overcome his
proud of my memory, but I have lov'd the principle of cravings for love and sex. Daniel Albright writes: "Imagi-
beauty in all things, and if I had had time, I would have native life returned to elderly Keats, partly in the form
made myself remembered." He further said: of a number of young women, some of whom were his
"I long to believe in immortality. If I am destined to be lovers. Keats underwent the Steinach rejuvenation op-
happy with you here…how short is the longest life." eration, a kind of vasectomy supposed to restore sexual
Having a look on all these things in his letter to Fanny, potency; and he began a period of sexual swagger and
it strikes everyone that there is a feeling or expression poetical effusions."
of sadness lying in his heart. He was well-known Ro- Above-mentioned lines also suggest that
mantic poet. He was a lover of a beauty. He says that that picture of leaves on tree will not shed leaves but
beauty attracts in every form. He says: his immortal life may lose its boughs. There is sadness
"Beauty is truth, truth beauty,-that is all in every moment of happiness. There is undercurrent
Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know." melancholy. It seems to be something but actually
In 'Ode to a Nightingale.' He expresses his views about suggest something else. It is very difficult to recognize
beauty by saying: whether it is tearing of happiness or sadness, but ac-
"Where beauty can not keep her lustrous eyes, tually, there is a tree of happiness in the soil of melan-
Or new love pined at them beyond tomorrow." choly. His efforts make balance in the both way. He
Through this ode, he wants to go far away with his dreams of going into a land of imagination but at last,
imagination. He wants to forget his pain of life; even he comes back in real world. His fleeting is momentary
74 RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
2. International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, January, 2013 ISSN 0975-3486, RNI- RAJBIL- 2009-30097, VOL- IV * ISSUE- 40
but joyful. 'Ode to Psyche' is another ode that attracted John Keats :Ode on Indolence
him for beauty. The ode is addressed to a beautiful In 'Ode on Indolence', Keats sees three figures
daughter named Psyche. Cupid, the god of love, fell in with joined hands. The poet is not able to see them
love with her. According to the poet, Psyche was not because they give a false appearance. The poet is so
given much attention as Venus was given. She was not curious to know those faces. He is in idle condition so
worshipped like Venus. The ode is full of sensuous pain has no sting and pleasure has no joy for him.
beauty. Keats speaks of her that she is the latest-born. Actually, they are Love, Ambition and Poesy. He is in
She is fairer than moon-star, Venus and the evening mood of idle so he does not want to be disturbed, but
star. He says: they disturb him by appearing. The poet knows that he
"A bright torch and a casement ope at night, is trying to comfort himself by making himself calm and
To let the warm Love in." cool because he knows that he will die soon. Once he
In 'Ode on Melancholy', he says Lethe, which is the omitted blood because he was suffering from tubercu-
river of forgetfulness, cannot save persons from their losis. Seeing the colour of blood, he said:
melancholy. He says that those who are capable of "I haven't seen the face of death but it must be like
experiencing extreme pleasure and happiness can feel this."
sadness. When a man is in full feeling of drowsy and He tries to forget his pain that he has for brother's
numb, he is not able to experience the real taste of death and about himself. He is helpless but he tries his
sorrow. All beautiful things have short life. He says that best to hide pain and suffering. It disturbs conscious-
melancholy has its shrine in the temple of Delight. True ness and the result can be seen in his odes. He uses his
melancholy can not be separated from consciousness power and imagination to go in cheerful mood but at
and contemplation. He says: last, he has to come down into his real world of exist-
"She dwells with Beauty-Beauty that must die; ence.
And joy, whose hand is ever at his lips." When he was near to death, he requested his friends
John KeatsSSSSss :Ode to Autum: that it must be written a sentence on his grave and it
In 'Ode to Autumn ', Keats says that autumn was:
is personified in a variety of the attitudes; but the more "Here lies one whose name was writ in water."
important image is of autumn as the harvester. Har- Hence, most of his odes contain sadness in beauty
vester is another reaper death itself. It is regarded that that are underlying in his odes.
springtime has sounds and music as well as liveliness Conclusion:
but it is also true that autumn has also sounds and Thus, John Keats had a multifaceted personality-
music. There are songs of gnats, hedge crickets robins an odd mixture of generality and specialty and even
and swallows. Keats first goes toward happiness but peculiarity. Keats was always full of life and always
at last, he seems falling down towards maturity. Fruits wanted life in its fullness, as it may be seen in his
have ripen and they must be harvested means end is poems.
certain. Therefore, the human life is also ripened means
matured and the result is that death is certain.
"Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness!
Close bosom friend of the maturing sun;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless."
R E F E R E N C E
1. Robson, W.W., Modern English Literature, Oxford University Press, 1984, p.51.
2. Jefferes, Norman A. A New Commentary on the Poems of W.B.Yeats, London, Macmillan, 1984, pp.53-54.
3. Brown, Calvin S.(General Editor), The Reader's Companion to World Literature, USA, A Mentor Book, 1964, p.488.
4. Daiches, David (Ed.), The Penguin Companion to English Literature, Vol.I, Penguin Books, 1971, p.513.
5. Watson, Donald, A Dictionary of Mind and Spirit, Calcutta, Rupa Co., 1991, p.238.
6. Leavis, F.R. New Bearings on English Poetry, Penguin/Peregrine Books, ss1963, p.31.
RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION 75