The ode on melancholy
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The document provides definitions and summaries for John Keats's poem "Ode on Melancholy". It defines symbols and terms used in the poem. It then summarizes the three stanzas, noting that the first addresses what not to do with melancholy, the second what to focus on, and the third how joy and pain are linked. The main theme is that experiencing joy requires also experiencing melancholy. Literary devices used include metaphor, personification, alliteration, oxymoron and simile.
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The ode on melancholy
- 1. By John Keats “THE ODE ON MELANCHOLY”
- 2. Definitions! LETHE: In Greek mythology, the river of forgetfulness, that flows through Hades. Drinking the water will result in memory loss. WOLF’S-BANE & NIGHTSHADE: poisonous plants that contain a sedative. PROSERPINE: Roman goddess; queen of the underworld. YEW-BERRIES: symbol for mourning
- 3. ...Definitions Continued PSYCHE: Roman mythological princess, loved by Cupid, the god of love. She is often referred to as, “being to beautiful for her own good.” KIST: Kissed. PEONIES: Large flowers with red, white, pink or yellow blossoms. THE BEETLE/DEATH-MOTH/DOWNY OWL: Symbols of death.
- 4. Stanza One The three stanzas (10 lines each) in the ode each address different of melancholy. First Stanza- Addresses what not to do when feeling melancholic. The speaker forbids forgetting one’s sadness in, “Lethe (1),” or using, “Wolf’s-Bane...for it’s poisonous wine ,(2)” to commit suicide. Focusing on objects of death such as the, “beetle...death-moth.. Downy owl, (6-7)” and mourning with a, “rosary of yew-berries,(5)” are also rejected ways to handle melancholy.
- 5. Stanza Two Second Stanza- brings ideas of what one should focus on and be surrounded with when, “melancholy fit shall fall.(11)” The speaker urges one to, “Glut thy sorrow,(15) on beauty. Beauty found on: “a morning rose/Or on the rainbow of the salt sand-wave,/Or on the wealth of globed peonies.(15-17)”
- 6. Stanza Three THE THIRD STANZA- Shows how closely linked feelings of pain and joy are, as one cannot exist without the other. The speaker insists all beauty comes to an end and that melancholy is ,”veil’d...in the temple of delight.(25)” If one can, “burst joys grape .../he shall taste the sadness of her(melancholy’s) might/and be among her cloudy trophies hung(28-29)” Meaning that in the centre of overwhelming feelings of joy lay melancholy.
- 7. Theme of the Ode The main theme is that it is impossible to experience joy unless one has also experienced melancholy. For example the absence of a loved one intensifies the joy of reuniting as absence draws the heart fonder. Melancholy draws a strong hunger for happiness and joy.
- 8. Literary Devices Used.. Metaphor: “April Shroud (14)” Personification: “Veil’d melancholy has Alliteration: her sovran shrine (26)” “Then glut thy sorrow on a morning rose (15)” OxyMoron: “aching pleasure (23)” Simile: “but when the melancholy fit shall fall/sudden from heaven like a weeping cloud (11-12)”
- 9. FIN