734_Visual_Pathway_lesions.pptx
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This document discusses visual pathway anatomy and lesions that can occur along the visual pathway. It describes the components of the visual pathway, including the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate bodies, and optic radiations. It details the types of field defects that can result from lesions in each of these areas, such as hemianopia from optic chiasm lesions or quadrantanopia from optic tract lesions. Common causes of lesions are also outlined for each part of the visual pathway. Clinical features of different lesions are compared.
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734_Visual_Pathway_lesions.pptx
1. The visual pathway includes the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate bodies, and optic radiations which transmit visual information from the eyes to the visual cortex.
2. Lesions along the visual pathway can cause different types of visual field defects including hemianopia, quadrantanopia, and homonymous hemianopia. The type and characteristics of the field defect depend on the specific location of the lesion.
3. Pupillary reflexes involve both afferent and efferent pathways. Abnormalities of the pupillary reflexes can localize lesions and help diagnose conditions affecting the visual pathway or autonomic nervous system.
Localizing signs for lesion of visual pathway
1. Lesions along the visual pathway can be localized based on the type of visual field defect they cause.
2. Pre-chiasmal lesions cause unilateral visual field defects respecting the horizontal meridian, chiasmal lesions cause non-homonymous defects, and post-chiasmal lesions cause homonymous defects respecting the vertical meridian.
3. Specific lesions like optic nerve lesions or craniopharyngiomas cause characteristic visual field defects that can help localize the lesion location. Visual field testing is an important tool to localize lesions along the visual pathway.
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734_Visual_Pathway_lesions.pptx
1. The visual pathway includes the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral geniculate bodies, and optic radiations which transmit visual information from the eyes to the visual cortex.
2. Lesions along the visual pathway can cause different types of visual field defects including hemianopia, quadrantanopia, and homonymous hemianopia. The type and characteristics of the field defect depend on the specific location of the lesion.
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- 3. COMPONENTS OF VISUAL PATHWAY
- 5. Anopia
- 6. •Hemianopia: Loss of vision in one half of visual field Heteronymous hemianopia
- 7. Quadrantanopia Loss of vision in a quadrant of visual field Homonymous type
- 8. Homonynous hemianopia Congruous Incongruous Defects are identical in size,shape, location, slope of margins eg-Post optic radiation lesions Defects are dissimilar eg-Optic tract & LGB lesions
- 11. Field Defects in Lesions of Optic Nerve Cause: traumatic avulsion or optic atrophy Clinical features: Ipsilateral anopia (loss of vision) Loss of direct pupillary reaction (same side) loss of consensual pupillary reaction (other side) Near or accommodation reflex is present
- 12. Field Defects in Lesions of Optic Chiasma (Less common) IIIrd ventricle enlargement / dilatation Atheroma of carotids or posterior communicating arteries Pituitary adenoma or malignancy Craniopharyngioma Chronic chiasmal arachnoiditis Fracture of the base of skull
- 15. Field Defects in Lesions of Optic Tract left optic tract lesion involving left cerebral peduncle and left 3rd nerve.
- 16. Causes of optic tract lesion
- 17. Field Defects in Lesions of Lateral geniculate Body (LGB) sparing of pupillary reflexes
- 18. Lesion of optic radiations Anterior temporal lobe Parietal lobe Pie in the sky Pie on the floor Posterior part of Internal capsule (Ant occipital cortex)
- 19. Common causes of lesions of optic radiations
- 20. lesions of optic radiations-Clinical presentation
- 21. Field Defects in Lesions of Visual Cortex
- 22. Common causes of lesions of Visual Cortex
- 23. Clinical presentation in Visual Cortex Lesions (Cortical blindness) [Anton syndrome] [Riddoch phenomenon] [Alexia]
- 24. Differences between occipital lobe and optic tract lesions Clinical Features Occipital lobe lesion Optic tract lesion Pupillary reaction Normal Abnormal Field defect Congruous Incongruous Macular involvement Sparing Involved Optic atrophy - +
- 25. Thank you