The document discusses systems of systems (SoS) and the implications for systems engineering (SE). It notes that the Department of Defense builds large systems that must work together in a networked environment as an SoS. However, SE currently focuses on individual systems. The document outlines a DoD guide for SoS SE and its core elements: translating capability objectives, understanding systems/relationships, monitoring changes, developing/evolving architecture, addressing requirements/options, assessing performance, and orchestrating upgrades. It discusses challenges of acknowledged SoS where systems retain autonomy. The guide provides processes to execute the core elements and help SoS SE teams despite limited authority over individual systems.
Explains why the characteristics of large anc complex software systems mean that agile methods cannot be used without change in their development
Accompanies YouTube video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1JcQDHJzHA
Ian Sommerville argues that current approaches to software engineering are insufficient for engineering large-scale complex IT systems (LSCITS). Reductionism, which underpins most engineering approaches, breaks systems down into parts but does not account for relationships between parts. However, LSCITS are open systems with no single owner and undefined problems. New interdisciplinary paradigms beyond reductionism are needed to engineer LSCITS while considering the socio-political and operational environments. Short-term research should address verification and managing dynamically changing system configurations, while long-term funding is required to develop new non-reductionist engineering approaches.
This document provides an overview of executive information systems (EIS). It defines an EIS as an automated tracking system that continuously monitors important business areas to keep executives informed without requiring their direct effort. The summary describes how EIS help executives access timely operational and competitive data through easy-to-use visual formats. It also outlines some challenges to developing effective EIS, such as high costs, technical limitations, and organizational barriers.
Architecture and Distributed Systems, Web Distributed Systems DesignArmen Arzumanyan
The document discusses key principles for designing web distributed systems, including availability, performance, reliability, scalability, manageability, and cost. It emphasizes that architecture should be considered first before technologies, and recommends a service-oriented architecture to provide flexibility, scalability, and manageability.
This chapter discusses systems analysis and design as a disciplined approach to developing information systems. It describes the roles and responsibilities in systems development, including systems analysts, programmers, and management. It also outlines the skills required for systems analysts and discusses different types of information systems. Finally, it introduces the systems development life cycle as a structured process and some alternative development approaches.
management system development and planningmilkesa13
The document discusses systems development and the systems development lifecycle (SDLC). It describes the SDLC as having sequential phases including systems investigation, analysis, design, programming, testing, implementation, operation, and maintenance. The goal of the SDLC is to ensure high quality systems are delivered on time and budget by providing strong project management controls. Key activities in the SDLC include requirements gathering, logical and physical design, prototyping, various testing approaches, and implementation strategies like parallel and phased conversions.
Explains why the characteristics of large anc complex software systems mean that agile methods cannot be used without change in their development
Accompanies YouTube video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1JcQDHJzHA
Ian Sommerville argues that current approaches to software engineering are insufficient for engineering large-scale complex IT systems (LSCITS). Reductionism, which underpins most engineering approaches, breaks systems down into parts but does not account for relationships between parts. However, LSCITS are open systems with no single owner and undefined problems. New interdisciplinary paradigms beyond reductionism are needed to engineer LSCITS while considering the socio-political and operational environments. Short-term research should address verification and managing dynamically changing system configurations, while long-term funding is required to develop new non-reductionist engineering approaches.
This document provides an overview of executive information systems (EIS). It defines an EIS as an automated tracking system that continuously monitors important business areas to keep executives informed without requiring their direct effort. The summary describes how EIS help executives access timely operational and competitive data through easy-to-use visual formats. It also outlines some challenges to developing effective EIS, such as high costs, technical limitations, and organizational barriers.
Architecture and Distributed Systems, Web Distributed Systems DesignArmen Arzumanyan
The document discusses key principles for designing web distributed systems, including availability, performance, reliability, scalability, manageability, and cost. It emphasizes that architecture should be considered first before technologies, and recommends a service-oriented architecture to provide flexibility, scalability, and manageability.
This chapter discusses systems analysis and design as a disciplined approach to developing information systems. It describes the roles and responsibilities in systems development, including systems analysts, programmers, and management. It also outlines the skills required for systems analysts and discusses different types of information systems. Finally, it introduces the systems development life cycle as a structured process and some alternative development approaches.
management system development and planningmilkesa13
The document discusses systems development and the systems development lifecycle (SDLC). It describes the SDLC as having sequential phases including systems investigation, analysis, design, programming, testing, implementation, operation, and maintenance. The goal of the SDLC is to ensure high quality systems are delivered on time and budget by providing strong project management controls. Key activities in the SDLC include requirements gathering, logical and physical design, prototyping, various testing approaches, and implementation strategies like parallel and phased conversions.
Transformation of the Enterprise to SOAtom termini
A Service Oriented Architecture SOA Roadmap provides guidance and coordination. All roadmap building follows the same four steps:
•Where are we now?
•Where do we want to be?
•What is the gap between the two?
•What is the path to get to where we want to be?
These steps require a consistent measurement to
assess current state and progress toward the goal.
Enterprise architecture and service oriented architecture (SOA) go hand-in-glove, as Tom Termini writes in his book, Zen of SOA. “The Zen of SOA,” Tom Termini, co-founder of BlueDog — which designs SOA solutions for the public and private sectors — contends that a Zen approach can give organizations a comprehensive blueprint for modern software architectures. BlueDog has helped federal organizations such as the Justice Department and Federal Trade Commission implement SOA and Web services.
The document provides an overview of the objectives and requirements for developing an online information portal for a college. The key points are:
- The objective is to develop a unified portal using open source tools to replace existing separate systems for managing notices, events and other college information.
- The proposed system aims to overcome limitations of the existing systems like lack of a unified interface and platform independence.
- Technical, operational, economic and timeline feasibility studies were conducted and the project was found to be feasible in all aspects.
- System requirements like hardware, software, functional, performance, security and maintainability requirements are specified to guide the development of the proposed online information portal.
This document describes SOA Governance and the typical stages through which such Governance could be implemented. It briefly discusses the types of Governance and typical Governing bodies that could be formed to deliver a successful SOA project.
System Analysis and Design Project documentationMAHERMOHAMED27
this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is
A Design Science Approach to Develop a New Comprehensive SOA Governance Frame...IJMIT JOURNAL
SOA governance has a critical role in achieving success and realizing the benefits of SOA. Without effective SOA governance, organizations will experience some significant challenges including difficulties in designing effective decision structures and managing services. To address SOA challenges, organizations require a comprehensive SOA governance framework to implement management and control mechanisms. Study of existing frameworks reveals that these frameworks are not expressive enough to cover all elements of SOA governance and also, they do not completely document underpinning structures such as processes, procedures, responsibilities and measurement metrics. In this paper, we propose a new SOA governance framework that is more comprehensive and expressive than its counterparts. In the process of developing the framework, a set of important elements for a desired SOA governance framework is proposed. Based on these elements, a new SOA governance framework is developed. The proposed framework is obtained by extending characteristics of COBIT and applying ITIL service lifecycle activities to support the SOA governance principles and requirements. It is a perceptible framework that clarifies all processes, activities, metrics and other related elements in a logical structure. Also, to simplify the application of the framework, an implementation process is proposed
A Design Science Approach to Develop a New Comprehensive SOA Governance Fram...IJMIT JOURNAL
SOA governance has a critical role in achieving success and realizing the benefits of SOA. Without
effective SOA governance, organizations will experience some significant challenges including difficulties
in designing effective decision structures and managing services. To address SOA challenges,
organizations require a comprehensive SOA governance framework to implement management and control
mechanisms. Study of existing frameworks reveals that these frameworks are not expressive enough to
cover all elements of SOA governance and also, they do not completely document underpinning structures
such as processes, procedures, responsibilities and measurement metrics. In this paper, we propose a new
SOA governance framework that is more comprehensive and expressive than its counterparts. In the
process of developing the framework, a set of important elements for a desired SOA governance framework
is proposed. Based on these elements, a new SOA governance framework is developed. The proposed
framework is obtained by extending characteristics of COBIT and applying ITIL service lifecycle activities
to support the SOA governance principles and requirements. It is a perceptible framework that clarifies all
processes, activities, metrics and other related elements in a logical structure. Also, to simplify the
application of the framework, an implementation process is proposed
It is difficult to overstate the importance of governance to SOA initiatives, whether in the context of service governance (i.e. governing the lifecycle of services from creation through deployment) or the broader issues of IT governance (commonly defined as specifying the decision rights and accountability framework to encourage desirable behavior in the use of IT). This session presents a holistic discussion of governance with SOA. It outlines the key policies that organizations should consider with regards to finance, portfolios, operations, architecture, technology, projects and people. It will also outline six successful steps to governance with SOA, as part of the decisions, processes and policies that contribute to successful business and SOA objectives. The presenters will address, how as part of the execution of an SOA strategy, organizations should put together a SOA Roadmap. Also discussed is how organizations need to govern the execution of the SOA Roadmap to ensure delivery of all SOA and business objectives.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It explains that systems analysis involves understanding an organization's objectives, structure, and processes in order to develop computer-based systems that improve efficiency. The systems development life cycle is a standard methodology used to analyze requirements, design, implement, and maintain information systems through phases like project planning, analysis, design, and maintenance.
An overview of software requirements engineeringIan Sommerville
Requirements engineering involves discovering, documenting, and maintaining requirements for computer systems. Requirements specify what should be implemented or constrain the system. Getting requirements wrong can lead to late delivery, unhappy customers, unreliable systems, and high maintenance costs. Requirements engineering is difficult because stakeholder needs change rapidly, stakeholders have different goals, and political factors influence requirements.
This document discusses the importance of governance in software development for service-oriented architectures (SOA). It notes that while developers are often resistant to governance requirements, governance is necessary to realize the benefits of SOA like reuse and agility. The document recommends that organizations provide training, tools, and incentives to help developers adopt governance practices and reduce the perceived burden on their work.
The document summarizes the Weill IT Governance Framework, which includes three core components: IT decision domains that define key IT decision areas, IT governance archetypes that determine who governs decisions and how, and implementation mechanisms that establish structures and processes to enact decisions. The framework provides a model for designing and implementing effective IT governance through analyzing the current state, defining objectives, determining appropriate governance, and transitioning to the desired state.
A management information system (MIS) is used for decision-making and coordination within an organization. It leverages information technology to increase business value. There are various approaches to developing an MIS, including top-down, bottom-up, and integrative. Key factors in MIS development are external factors like industry trends and internal factors like organizational strategy and characteristics. The system development life cycle and prototyping are common approaches to MIS development.
This document summarizes key points from the first chapter of a book on service-oriented architecture (SOA). It discusses how SOA is needed to address issues with scalability and flexibility in increasingly complex distributed systems. SOA provides reusable services, an enterprise service bus for interoperability, and loose coupling between services. However, implementing SOA also requires defining policies, processes, and governance to manage the distributed architecture. Web services are one technical approach but are not sufficient on their own. In practice, a successful SOA must be tailored to an organization's specific needs and supported long-term.
An executive information system (EIS) is a type of decision support system designed to support decision making at the top level of an organization. An EIS provides executives easy access to internal and external information like operations summaries and competitor activities through graphs and charts. It aims to improve executive effectiveness, efficiency, and decision making through enhanced communication and identification of trends. While EIS have benefits, they also face challenges like high costs, technological limitations, and organizational fit that must be addressed for success.
Hausi Müller - Towards Self-Adaptive Software-Intensive SystemsCHOOSE
The document discusses engineering self-adaptive software systems using feedback loops. It outlines challenges in monitoring and assessing dynamical systems using feedback loops to satisfy requirements. Key challenges include defining relevant indicators, understanding why they change, prioritizing them, handling uncertainty, and making feedback loops explicit in system design and analysis.
Soa 17 soa governance reference architectureVaibhav Khanna
SOA governance defines the set of policies, rules and enforcement mechanisms for developing, using, and evolving service oriented systems and for analyzing their business value
Scott Youngbloom - Guide to CCMS Implementation SuccessLavaConConference
In this session attendees will learn:
How to avoid common pitfalls of CMS projects?
Why just selecting the right CMS isn’t enough?
Key work streams and skill sets needed to succeed?
What a Project Managers say is critical to every implementation plan?
This document provides an overview of change and release management for a Salesforce implementation. It discusses collecting change requests, tracking requests, prioritizing requests, development architecture, QA/UAT, approvals, communications, and training. It also covers change management processes, different types of changes, who should be involved, and steps for effective change management. Additionally, it outlines considerations for release management including deployment cadence, environment strategy, training/communications, and ongoing support models.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Transformation of the Enterprise to SOAtom termini
A Service Oriented Architecture SOA Roadmap provides guidance and coordination. All roadmap building follows the same four steps:
•Where are we now?
•Where do we want to be?
•What is the gap between the two?
•What is the path to get to where we want to be?
These steps require a consistent measurement to
assess current state and progress toward the goal.
Enterprise architecture and service oriented architecture (SOA) go hand-in-glove, as Tom Termini writes in his book, Zen of SOA. “The Zen of SOA,” Tom Termini, co-founder of BlueDog — which designs SOA solutions for the public and private sectors — contends that a Zen approach can give organizations a comprehensive blueprint for modern software architectures. BlueDog has helped federal organizations such as the Justice Department and Federal Trade Commission implement SOA and Web services.
The document provides an overview of the objectives and requirements for developing an online information portal for a college. The key points are:
- The objective is to develop a unified portal using open source tools to replace existing separate systems for managing notices, events and other college information.
- The proposed system aims to overcome limitations of the existing systems like lack of a unified interface and platform independence.
- Technical, operational, economic and timeline feasibility studies were conducted and the project was found to be feasible in all aspects.
- System requirements like hardware, software, functional, performance, security and maintainability requirements are specified to guide the development of the proposed online information portal.
This document describes SOA Governance and the typical stages through which such Governance could be implemented. It briefly discusses the types of Governance and typical Governing bodies that could be formed to deliver a successful SOA project.
System Analysis and Design Project documentationMAHERMOHAMED27
this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is this is
A Design Science Approach to Develop a New Comprehensive SOA Governance Frame...IJMIT JOURNAL
SOA governance has a critical role in achieving success and realizing the benefits of SOA. Without effective SOA governance, organizations will experience some significant challenges including difficulties in designing effective decision structures and managing services. To address SOA challenges, organizations require a comprehensive SOA governance framework to implement management and control mechanisms. Study of existing frameworks reveals that these frameworks are not expressive enough to cover all elements of SOA governance and also, they do not completely document underpinning structures such as processes, procedures, responsibilities and measurement metrics. In this paper, we propose a new SOA governance framework that is more comprehensive and expressive than its counterparts. In the process of developing the framework, a set of important elements for a desired SOA governance framework is proposed. Based on these elements, a new SOA governance framework is developed. The proposed framework is obtained by extending characteristics of COBIT and applying ITIL service lifecycle activities to support the SOA governance principles and requirements. It is a perceptible framework that clarifies all processes, activities, metrics and other related elements in a logical structure. Also, to simplify the application of the framework, an implementation process is proposed
A Design Science Approach to Develop a New Comprehensive SOA Governance Fram...IJMIT JOURNAL
SOA governance has a critical role in achieving success and realizing the benefits of SOA. Without
effective SOA governance, organizations will experience some significant challenges including difficulties
in designing effective decision structures and managing services. To address SOA challenges,
organizations require a comprehensive SOA governance framework to implement management and control
mechanisms. Study of existing frameworks reveals that these frameworks are not expressive enough to
cover all elements of SOA governance and also, they do not completely document underpinning structures
such as processes, procedures, responsibilities and measurement metrics. In this paper, we propose a new
SOA governance framework that is more comprehensive and expressive than its counterparts. In the
process of developing the framework, a set of important elements for a desired SOA governance framework
is proposed. Based on these elements, a new SOA governance framework is developed. The proposed
framework is obtained by extending characteristics of COBIT and applying ITIL service lifecycle activities
to support the SOA governance principles and requirements. It is a perceptible framework that clarifies all
processes, activities, metrics and other related elements in a logical structure. Also, to simplify the
application of the framework, an implementation process is proposed
It is difficult to overstate the importance of governance to SOA initiatives, whether in the context of service governance (i.e. governing the lifecycle of services from creation through deployment) or the broader issues of IT governance (commonly defined as specifying the decision rights and accountability framework to encourage desirable behavior in the use of IT). This session presents a holistic discussion of governance with SOA. It outlines the key policies that organizations should consider with regards to finance, portfolios, operations, architecture, technology, projects and people. It will also outline six successful steps to governance with SOA, as part of the decisions, processes and policies that contribute to successful business and SOA objectives. The presenters will address, how as part of the execution of an SOA strategy, organizations should put together a SOA Roadmap. Also discussed is how organizations need to govern the execution of the SOA Roadmap to ensure delivery of all SOA and business objectives.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It explains that systems analysis involves understanding an organization's objectives, structure, and processes in order to develop computer-based systems that improve efficiency. The systems development life cycle is a standard methodology used to analyze requirements, design, implement, and maintain information systems through phases like project planning, analysis, design, and maintenance.
An overview of software requirements engineeringIan Sommerville
Requirements engineering involves discovering, documenting, and maintaining requirements for computer systems. Requirements specify what should be implemented or constrain the system. Getting requirements wrong can lead to late delivery, unhappy customers, unreliable systems, and high maintenance costs. Requirements engineering is difficult because stakeholder needs change rapidly, stakeholders have different goals, and political factors influence requirements.
This document discusses the importance of governance in software development for service-oriented architectures (SOA). It notes that while developers are often resistant to governance requirements, governance is necessary to realize the benefits of SOA like reuse and agility. The document recommends that organizations provide training, tools, and incentives to help developers adopt governance practices and reduce the perceived burden on their work.
The document summarizes the Weill IT Governance Framework, which includes three core components: IT decision domains that define key IT decision areas, IT governance archetypes that determine who governs decisions and how, and implementation mechanisms that establish structures and processes to enact decisions. The framework provides a model for designing and implementing effective IT governance through analyzing the current state, defining objectives, determining appropriate governance, and transitioning to the desired state.
A management information system (MIS) is used for decision-making and coordination within an organization. It leverages information technology to increase business value. There are various approaches to developing an MIS, including top-down, bottom-up, and integrative. Key factors in MIS development are external factors like industry trends and internal factors like organizational strategy and characteristics. The system development life cycle and prototyping are common approaches to MIS development.
This document summarizes key points from the first chapter of a book on service-oriented architecture (SOA). It discusses how SOA is needed to address issues with scalability and flexibility in increasingly complex distributed systems. SOA provides reusable services, an enterprise service bus for interoperability, and loose coupling between services. However, implementing SOA also requires defining policies, processes, and governance to manage the distributed architecture. Web services are one technical approach but are not sufficient on their own. In practice, a successful SOA must be tailored to an organization's specific needs and supported long-term.
An executive information system (EIS) is a type of decision support system designed to support decision making at the top level of an organization. An EIS provides executives easy access to internal and external information like operations summaries and competitor activities through graphs and charts. It aims to improve executive effectiveness, efficiency, and decision making through enhanced communication and identification of trends. While EIS have benefits, they also face challenges like high costs, technological limitations, and organizational fit that must be addressed for success.
Hausi Müller - Towards Self-Adaptive Software-Intensive SystemsCHOOSE
The document discusses engineering self-adaptive software systems using feedback loops. It outlines challenges in monitoring and assessing dynamical systems using feedback loops to satisfy requirements. Key challenges include defining relevant indicators, understanding why they change, prioritizing them, handling uncertainty, and making feedback loops explicit in system design and analysis.
Soa 17 soa governance reference architectureVaibhav Khanna
SOA governance defines the set of policies, rules and enforcement mechanisms for developing, using, and evolving service oriented systems and for analyzing their business value
Scott Youngbloom - Guide to CCMS Implementation SuccessLavaConConference
In this session attendees will learn:
How to avoid common pitfalls of CMS projects?
Why just selecting the right CMS isn’t enough?
Key work streams and skill sets needed to succeed?
What a Project Managers say is critical to every implementation plan?
This document provides an overview of change and release management for a Salesforce implementation. It discusses collecting change requests, tracking requests, prioritizing requests, development architecture, QA/UAT, approvals, communications, and training. It also covers change management processes, different types of changes, who should be involved, and steps for effective change management. Additionally, it outlines considerations for release management including deployment cadence, environment strategy, training/communications, and ongoing support models.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
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Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
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The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
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politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
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2. SoS SE Challenge
• US DoD builds and fields large systems employed to support
Joint and Coalition operations
– Conceived and developed independent by Military Services
– Acquisition (and SE) on a system by system basis
• Focus of DoD investment shifting to broad user capabilities
implemented in a networked environment
– Mix of material and non-material assets which must work together to meet
capability objectives
– Individual systems are no longer considered as individual bounded entities
and are evolved based on extant capabilities
– Components in larger, more variable, ensembles of interdependent systems
which interact based on end-to-end business processes and networked
information exchange
• Increasingly SoS of various types proliferate despite
continued focus on individual systems
What are the implications for SE?
3. DoD System of Systems SE Guide
• Effort led by the Office of the Secretary of Defense
• Collaborative Approach with DoD, Industry, Academia
• Purpose
– 6 month effort addressing areas of agreement across the community
– Focus on technical aspects of SE applicable across SoS management constructs
– Vehicle to capture and debate current SoS experience
• Audience
– SoS and Program Managers and Lead/Chief Engineers
SoS
Guide
Version
.9
Version
1.0
• Develop „Boots on the Ground‟ basis for Version 1.0
– Structured reviews with practitioners
– Refine early draft guide content, identify areas for future study
• Update findings and release Version 1.0
– Draft released for comment December 2007
– ~600 comments received in February 2008 (Industry, FFRDCs, Gov‟t)
– Revision reviewed by Senior SE leadership in July 2008
– Final release in August 2008
4. What does SoS Look Like in the DoD Today?
• Typically an overlay to ensemble of individual systems
brought together to satisfy user capability needs
• Are not new acquisitions per se
– Cases like FCS are extremely rare and, in practice, still must
integrate with legacy systems
• SoS „manager‟ does not control the requirements or
funding for the individual systems
– May be in a role of influencing rather than directing, impacts SE
approach
• Focus of SoS is on evolution of capability over time
• A functioning SoS takes start-up time but, in steady
state, seems well-suited to routine incremental
updates
Most military systems are part of an SoS operationally
Only by exception do we manage and engineer at SoS level
5. Definitions
SoS: A set or arrangement of systems that results when independent and useful
systems are integrated into a larger system that delivers unique capabilities
[DoD, 2004(1)].
Accepted Taxonomy of SoS [Maier, M. 1998]
– Directed
• SoS objectives, management, funding and authority; systems are
subordinated to SoS
– Collaborative
• No objectives, management, authority, responsibility, or funding at
the SoS level; Systems voluntarily work together to address shared or
common interest
– Virtual
• Like collaborative, but systems don‟t know about each other
US DoD Pilots identify a new SoS type:
– Acknowledged
• SoS objectives, management, funding and authority; however systems
retain their own management, funding and authority in parallel with
the SoS
SoS SE Guidebook focuses on „Acknowledged‟ SoS
6. Characteristics of Acknowledged SoS
• Top-down direction for an SoS capability concurrent with
independent direction and autonomy in system operation
and development
– Multiple levels of objectives
– Multiple management authorities with independent priorities,
funding and development plans
– Multiple technical authorities
• Much of SoS functionality is in extant capabilities of the
systems
• SoS manager and SE do not have control over all the
parts of the SoS
– In fact, they may not be aware of all the systems which may
impact their objectives and both the systems and the objectives
may change over time.
7. Management of Acknowledged SoS
• Independent, concurrent management and funding
authority pose management issues
• In defense, a solid governance & management approach is
seen as key for SoS
– Independent authorities are unlikely to accept direction from a systems
engineer they do not control
– Argue to make „acknowledged‟ into „directed‟ made difficult by „multi-
mission‟ systems which are important to multiple SoS
• Beyond defense „acknowledged‟ SoS exist and evolve
without top down management
– Systems or services are designed to be broadly useful and have as their
business objective to support numerous user applications
– They naturally retain authority over decisions regarding their development
and are not likely to agree to limit themselves to one specific customer
Management issues have technical implications for SE
8. A Comparison
System System of Systems
Management & Oversight
Stakeholder
Involvement
Clearer set of
stakeholders
Two levels of stakeholders with mixed possibly
competing interests
Governance Aligned PM and funding Added levels of complexity due to management and
funding for both SoS and systems; No SoS does over all
systems
Operational Environment
Operational
Focus
Designed and developed
to meet operational
objectives
Called upon to meet operational objectives using
systems whose objectives may or may not align with
the SoS system‟s objectives
Implementation
Acquisition Aligned to established
acquisition processes
Cross multiple system lifecycles across acquisition
programs, involving legacy systems, developmental
systems, and technology insertion; Capability
objectives but may not have formal requirements
Test &
Evaluation
Test and evaluation the
system is possible
Testing more challenging due systems‟ asynchronous
life cycles and given the complexity of all the moving
parts
Engineering & Design Considerations
Boundaries
& Interfaces
Focuses on boundaries
and interfaces
Focus on identifying systems contributing to SoS
objectives and enabling the flow of data, control and
functionality across the SoS while balancing needs of
the systems
Performance
& Behavior
Performance of the
system to meet
performance objectives
Performance across the SoS that satisfies SoS user
capability needs while balancing needs of the systems
9. SE Model for SoS Based on
7 Core Elements of SoS SE
New
SoS SE
role
SoS
upgrade
process
Persistent
SoS overlay
framework
External
influences
Translating
capability
objectives
Translating
capability
objectives
Translating
capability
objectives
Addressing new
requirements
& options
Addressing new
requirements
& options
Addressing
requirements
& solution
options
Understanding
systems &
relationships
(includes plans)
Understanding
systems &
relationships
(includes plans)
Understanding
systems &
relationships
External Environment
Developing,
evolving and
maintaining
SoS design/arch
Developing,
evolving and
maintaining
SoS design/arch
Developing
& evolving
SoS
architecture
Assessing
(actual)
performance
to capability
objectives
Assessing
(actual)
performance
to capability
objectives
Assessing
performance
to capability
objectives
Orchestrating
upgrades
to SoS
Orchestrating
upgrades
to SoS
Orchestrating
upgrades
to SoS
Monitoring
& assessing
changes
Monitoring
& assessing
changes
Monitoring
& assessing
changes
10. SE Processes Support Core Elements
• DoD Defense Acquisition Guide
presents 16 basic SE processes
• In an SoS, SE team adapts
these processes to execute
core SE elements
• Focus for SoS SE is on
technical management since
implementation is in systems
Rqts
Devel
Logical
Analysis
Design
Solution
Implement Integrate Verify Validate Transition
Decision
Analysis
Tech
Planning
Tech
Assess
Rqts Mgt Risk Mgt
Config
Mgt
Data Mgt
Interface
Mgt
Translating Capability
Objectives X X X
Understanding Systems
& Relationships X X X X X
Assessing Performance to
Capability Objectives X X X X X X
Developing & Evolving
an SoS Architecture X X X X X X X X X X
Monitoring and Assessing
Changes X X X
Address Requirements &
Solution Options X X X X X X X X
Orchestrating Upgrades X X X X X X X X X X X
Technical Processes Technical Management Processes
X
X
X
X
X
SoS SE
Core
Elements
Translating capability
objectives
Understanding systems
& relationships
Monitoring & assessing
changes
Developing & evolving
SoS architecture
Addressing requirements
and solution options
Assessing performance
To capability objectives
Orchestrating upgrades
to SoS
11. Core Elements of SoS SE (1 of 3)
Translating
capability
objectives
Translating
capability
objectives
Translating
capability
objectives
Understanding
systems &
relationships
(includes plans)
Understanding
systems &
relationships
(includes plans)
Understanding
systems &
relationships
Monitoring
& assessing
changes
Monitoring
& assessing
changes
Monitoring
& assessing
changes
• Translating SoS capability objectives into high
level requirements over time
• SoS objectives based on broad capability objectives
• SE team plays strong role in establishing requirements
and understanding dynamics of the environment
• Identifying and understanding the systems
that impact SoS objectives
• Focus on components and dynamics vs boundaries
• Extends beyond technical to broader context of
management, organizational, development plans,
funding, etc.
• Anticipating and assessing impacts of
potential changes on SoS performance
• Given scope of SoS authority, key to SoS SE is
identifying and addressing changes in systems and other
areas (e.g. threat) which may impact the SoS
12. Core Elements of SoS SE (2 of 3)
Developing,
evolving and
maintaining
SoS design/arch
Developing,
evolving and
maintaining
SoS design/arch
Developing
& evolving
SoS
architecture
• Developing and evolving SoS architecture
• This includes
• Concept of operations
• Systems, functions and relationships and dependencies,
both internal and external
• End-to-end functionality, data flow and communications
within the SoS.
• Provides the technical framework for assessing options
and implications for meeting requirements over time
• Persistence, tolerance for change
• An architecture is the structure of components, their relationships,
and the principles and guidelines governing their design evolution
over time (IEEE Std 610.12 and DoDAF).
• The architecture of an SoS is a persistent technical framework for
governing the evolution of an SoS over time.
13. Core Elements of SoS SE (3 of 3)
Addressing new
requirements
& options
Addressing new
requirements
& options
Addressing
requirements
& solution
options
Assessing
(actual)
performance
to capability
objectives
Assessing
(actual)
performance
to capability
objectives
Assessing
performance
to capability
objectives
Orchestrating
upgrades
to SoS
Orchestrating
upgrades
to SoS
Orchestrating
upgrades
to SoS
• SoS requirements and solution options
• Requirements addressed at both SoS & systems
• Recommend SoS requirements based on both priority and
practicality
• SoS and system SE teams identify and assess options
• Result is plan for development for next increment
• Orchestrating SoS Upgrades
• Upgrades implemented by systems under system SE teams
• SoS SE team plans, facilitates, integrates and tests
upgrades to the SoS
• Development based on incremental approaches (bus stop,
wave) which accommodate asynchronous system
developments
• Assessing SoS Performance
• Based on measures of SoS user results applied in different
settings (test, exercises, M&S, operations)
• Opportunity to identify changes and emergent behavior
14. Orchestrating
upgrades
to SoS
Orchestrating
upgrades
to SoS
Orchestrating
upgrades
to SoS
Addressing new
requirements
& options
Addressing new
requirements
& options
Addressing
requirements
& solution
options
Coordinate, monitor and facilitate systems‟
development, test and evaluation
SoS
Systems
Id
Identify
candidate
systems to
support
functions
Recommend
rqts for this
increment
Assess options
Negotiate
with systems
Develop plan
Integrate sets
of systems
Verify sets
of systems
Validate sets
of systems
Assess SoS
capabilities
and limitations
For each increment
Assessing
performance
to capability
objectives
View of SoS Upgrade (1 of 2)
15. Orchestrating
upgrades
to SoS
Orchestrating
upgrades
to SoS
Orchestrating
upgrades
to SoS
Multiple, possibly concurrent increments
Assessing
SoS
Performance
Monitoring &
Assessing
Changes
Translating
Capability
Objectives
Developing
& Evolving
SoS
Architecture
Understanding
Systems &
relationships
SoS
Systems
View of SoS Upgrade (2 of 2)
Addressing new
requirements
& options
Addressing new
requirements
& options
Addressing
requirements
& solution
options
16. Translating
capability
objectives
Developing
& evolving
SoS architecture
Understanding
systems &
relationships
Addressing
requirements
& options
Monitoring
& assessing
changes
Orchestrating
upgrades
to SoS
Input:
First order SoS
objectives and
expectations
Output:
Status of systems,
relationships, and
functionality
Input:
Updated architecture
information
Output:
Status of systems,
relationships, and
functionality
Input:
Changes which impact
systems and relationships
Output:
Status of systems,
relationships, and
functionality
Output:
Status of systems,
relationships, and
functionality
Input:
Upgrades which
impact systems and
relationships
Guide Extract
Relationships Among the Core Elements
17. Technical or Technical
Management Process
Relationship to SoS SE Core Element
Logical Analysis is the process of
obtaining sets of logical solutions to
improve understanding of the defined
requirements and the relationships among
the requirements (e.g., functional,
behavioral, temporal).
Logical Analysis is a key part of Understanding Systems and
Relationships. Basic to engineering an SoS is understanding how systems
support SoS functionality. In developing a new system, the systems engineer
allocates functionality to system components based on a set of technical
considerations. In an SoS, the systems engineer develops an understanding of
the functionality extant in the systems and how that functionality supports SoS
objectives, as a starting point for SoS architecture and evolution. …
Risk Management … helps ensure
program cost, schedule, and performance
objectives are achieved at every stage in
the life cycle and to communicate to all
stakeholders the process for uncovering,
determining the scope of, and managing
program uncertainties.
Risk management is a core function of SE at all levels. In Understanding
Systems and Relationships, the systems engineer assesses the current
distribution of functionality across the systems and identifies risks associated
with either retaining the status quo or identifying areas where changes may
need to be considered. The systems engineer also considers approaches to
monitor, mitigate, or address risks. Such risks might include …
Configuration Management is the
application of sound business practices to
establish and maintain consistency of a
product's attributes with its requirements
and product configuration information.
Understanding Systems and Relationships is where the CM process for
the “as is” SoS resides and is maintained as the SoS product baseline. In a
system the CM process addresses all of the „product‟s‟ features where the
system itself is the product. In an SoS, the ensemble of systems and their
functionality is the product; the SoS CM depends on the CM of the systems to
maintain much of the product information, since the system owner, PM, and
system systems engineer normally retain responsibility for their systems. The
SoS CM focuses on the linkage to the system CM and crosscutting attributes
which pertain to the SoS not addressed by the CM of the systems….
Guide Extract: SE Processes
Supporting Each SoS SE Element
18. What is Working?
SoS SE Principles
• Address organizational as well as technical perspectives
– Factor in broader set of consideration into trade space and technical
planning
• Focus on areas critical to the SoS
– Leave the rest to the systems engineers of the systems
• Technical management approach reflects need for
transparency and trust with focused active participation
• SoS designs are best when open and loosely coupled
– Impinge on the existing systems as little as possible
– Are extensible, flexible, and persistent overtime
• Continuous („up front‟) analysis which anticipates change
– Design strategy and trades performed upfront and throughout
– Based on robust understanding of internal and external sources of
change
19. Way Ahead
• Guide is out and in use, offers a first step
– Highlights the issues of SoS in DoD today
– Provides some support for SE teams operating in SoS today
– Plan for outreach and educational materials
– Assess added guidance for areas such as Systems Engineering Plans
• Efforts are underway to support update to the guide
– A follow-up data collection to get an understanding of „how to‟ level
of information from ongoing SoS SE efforts
– Cooperative effort with NDIA M&S Committee to examine promise and
experience with M&S to support SoS SE
– Series of industry exchanges on SoS topics of common interest
– International cooperative efforts are being initiated
– Expansion into broader areas
• SE for Capability Portfolio Management
• Net Centric Enterprise Systems/Services
21. Name Acronym Owner Approach
Army Battle Command System ABCS Army Acquisition Program
Air Operations Center AOC Air Force Acquisition Program
Ballistic Missile Defense System BMDS Joint Acquisition Program
USCG Command & Control Convergence C2 Convergence Coast Guard Strategy
Common Aviation Command & Control System CAC2S Marine Corps Acquisition Program
Distributed Common Ground Station DCGS-AF Air Force Program Office
DoD Intelligence Information System DoDIIS Intel DIA CIO Initiative
Future Combat Systems FCS Army Program Office
Ground Combat Systems GCS Army Program Executive Office PEO
Military Satellite Communications MILSATCOM Joint AF Wing
Naval Integrated Fire Control – Counter Air NIFC-CA Navy SE Integrator in PEO
National Security Agency NSA Intel Agency
Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren NSWC Navy Warfare Center
Single Integrated Air Picture SIAP Joint Acquisition Program
Space and Missile Systems Center SMC Air Force SE Authority
Space Radar SR Joint Acquisition Program
Theater Joint Tactical Networks TJTN Joint PEO
Theater Medical Information Systems – Joint TMIP Joint Acquisition Program
Active SoS SE Practitioners
Provided a basis for understanding SoS in DoD Today