The document provides information on 7 quality control tools: Pareto diagram, stratification, scatter diagram, cause and effect diagram, histogram, check sheet, and control chart. For each tool, it defines what the tool is, when it is used, and the typical results obtained from its use. The tools are used at different stages of problem solving including monitoring situations, analyzing causes, reviewing the effectiveness of actions, and implementing improvements. They help identify problems, find relationships between factors, and determine if processes are stable or need adjustment.
The document discusses 7 quality control tools: Pareto diagram, stratification, scatter diagram, cause and effect diagram, histogram, check sheet, and control chart. For each tool, it provides a definition, explains when and how the tool is used, and what results can be obtained from its use. The tools help collect and analyze numerical data to identify root causes of problems and measure the effects of improvements. They are applied during different phases of problem solving such as monitoring situations, analyzing causes, and reviewing the effectiveness of actions.
This document provides an overview of 7 quality control tools: Pareto diagram, stratification, scatter diagram, cause and effect diagram, histogram, check sheet, and control chart. For each tool, a definition is given followed by a description of when and how it is used and the typical results obtained. The tools can be used at different stages of problem solving including monitoring situations, analyzing causes, reviewing effectiveness of actions, and implementing improvements. Overall, the tools help collect and visualize data to identify problems, find root causes, and measure results as part of a quality control process.
1. The document presents an overview of seven quality control tools: Pareto diagram, stratification, scatter diagram, cause and effect diagram, histogram, check sheet, and control chart.
2. It describes each tool, including how it is used and the results that can be obtained from its use. For example, a Pareto diagram is used to identify problems and their causes, while a control chart examines whether a process is stable or needs adjustment.
3. Implementing these quality control tools is part of establishing a quality program that continuously improves processes through reducing variability, identifying issues, and taking corrective actions.
This document provides information on 7 QC tools used for problem solving. It discusses tools such as why-why analysis, check sheets, control charts, histograms, scatter diagrams, cause and effect diagrams, Pareto diagrams and stratification. For each tool, it provides a definition, examples of when and how it is used, and the type of results that can be obtained from its use, such as identifying root causes, variations in data, and processes that are out of control. The tools are part of a library of problem solving techniques and aim to help users collect and analyze data to solve problems in a systematic manner.
The document provides information on seven quality control tools: Why-Why Analysis, What-If Analysis, Pareto Diagram, Cause and Effect Diagram, Stratification, Check Sheet, and Control Chart/Graph. It defines each tool, explains how and when each is used, and what results can be obtained from their use. The tools help collect and analyze data to identify root causes of problems and measure the effectiveness of solutions.
The document discusses various quality control tools used to identify issues, analyze causes, and monitor processes. It provides descriptions and examples of seven key QC tools: Pareto diagram, cause-and-effect diagram, histogram, scatter diagram, check sheet, control chart, and graph/flow chart. These tools can help objectively assess situations, identify problem areas, determine relationships between factors, and maintain process stability. The document emphasizes that collecting data and practicing the use of these tools is important for effectively solving problems and improving processes.
The document provides an overview of 7 quality control tools: Pareto diagram, stratification, scatter diagram, cause and effect diagram, histogram, check sheet, and control chart/graph. It describes each tool, including what they are, when they are used, and the typical results obtained from each tool. The tools are used to collect and analyze data, identify root causes, measure results, and help solve problems in quality control.
The document discusses 7 quality control tools: Pareto diagram, stratification, scatter diagram, cause and effect diagram, histogram, check sheet, and control chart. For each tool, it provides a definition, explains when and how the tool is used, and what results can be obtained from its use. The tools help collect and analyze numerical data to identify root causes of problems and measure the effects of improvements. They are applied during different phases of problem solving such as monitoring situations, analyzing causes, and reviewing the effectiveness of actions.
This document provides an overview of 7 quality control tools: Pareto diagram, stratification, scatter diagram, cause and effect diagram, histogram, check sheet, and control chart. For each tool, a definition is given followed by a description of when and how it is used and the typical results obtained. The tools can be used at different stages of problem solving including monitoring situations, analyzing causes, reviewing effectiveness of actions, and implementing improvements. Overall, the tools help collect and visualize data to identify problems, find root causes, and measure results as part of a quality control process.
1. The document presents an overview of seven quality control tools: Pareto diagram, stratification, scatter diagram, cause and effect diagram, histogram, check sheet, and control chart.
2. It describes each tool, including how it is used and the results that can be obtained from its use. For example, a Pareto diagram is used to identify problems and their causes, while a control chart examines whether a process is stable or needs adjustment.
3. Implementing these quality control tools is part of establishing a quality program that continuously improves processes through reducing variability, identifying issues, and taking corrective actions.
This document provides information on 7 QC tools used for problem solving. It discusses tools such as why-why analysis, check sheets, control charts, histograms, scatter diagrams, cause and effect diagrams, Pareto diagrams and stratification. For each tool, it provides a definition, examples of when and how it is used, and the type of results that can be obtained from its use, such as identifying root causes, variations in data, and processes that are out of control. The tools are part of a library of problem solving techniques and aim to help users collect and analyze data to solve problems in a systematic manner.
The document provides information on seven quality control tools: Why-Why Analysis, What-If Analysis, Pareto Diagram, Cause and Effect Diagram, Stratification, Check Sheet, and Control Chart/Graph. It defines each tool, explains how and when each is used, and what results can be obtained from their use. The tools help collect and analyze data to identify root causes of problems and measure the effectiveness of solutions.
The document discusses various quality control tools used to identify issues, analyze causes, and monitor processes. It provides descriptions and examples of seven key QC tools: Pareto diagram, cause-and-effect diagram, histogram, scatter diagram, check sheet, control chart, and graph/flow chart. These tools can help objectively assess situations, identify problem areas, determine relationships between factors, and maintain process stability. The document emphasizes that collecting data and practicing the use of these tools is important for effectively solving problems and improving processes.
The document provides an overview of 7 quality control tools: Pareto diagram, stratification, scatter diagram, cause and effect diagram, histogram, check sheet, and control chart/graph. It describes each tool, including what they are, when they are used, and the typical results obtained from each tool. The tools are used to collect and analyze data, identify root causes, measure results, and help solve problems in quality control.
The document discusses the 7 main quality control tools used for collecting and analyzing numerical data. The tools are: Pareto diagram, check sheet, stratification, cause and effect diagram, scatter diagram, histogram, and control chart/graph. Each tool is explained briefly. The Pareto diagram identifies important issues. Stratification involves basic data processing. The scatter diagram shows relationships between two variables. The cause and effect diagram identifies causes and their effects. The histogram depicts data distribution. The check sheet records collected data. And the control chart finds abnormalities and status. Together these 7 QC tools are used to collect, analyze, identify root causes, and measure results.
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The document discusses the 7 quality control tools, which are simple graphical and statistical tools used to analyze and solve work-related problems. The 7 tools - check sheet, fishbone diagram, histogram, Pareto chart, control chart, scatter diagram, and stratification diagram - are widely used across industries for product and process improvement. They help identify potential causes of issues, monitor processes, and drive continual process improvement to enhance quality, productivity, and customer satisfaction.
1. The document discusses 7 quantitative quality control tools and techniques for decision making: checksheets, Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, scatter diagrams, histograms, control charts, and stratification.
2. It provides examples and explanations of how each tool is used, such as using checksheets to track defects over time, Pareto charts to identify the most common issues, and scatter diagrams to analyze relationships between variables.
3. The tools help identify sources of variation, recognize changes in processes, and determine if quality improvements are effective. Strategic use of these techniques aids in problem diagnosis and driving processes toward statistical control.
The document discusses seven statistical quality control tools: flow charts, check sheets, histograms, Pareto diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, scatter diagrams, and control charts. It provides definitions and purposes of each tool. Flow charts depict process steps, check sheets systematically collect data, histograms show frequency distributions, Pareto diagrams identify vital causes, cause-and-effect diagrams analyze potential causes, scatter diagrams depict relationships between variables, and control charts identify process variations. The document also discusses how these tools relate to the PDCA (plan-do-check-act) cycle of continuous improvement and provides examples of each tool.
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The document describes the DMAIC process for problem solving and process improvement. It consists of 5 phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. The Control phase involves implementing process controls, monitoring performance with tools like statistical process control (SPC) charts, and ensuring defects do not recur. The objective is to prevent problems and their root causes from reoccurring by documenting results, implementing controls, and selecting the appropriate control tools and activities based on the solution developed in prior phases.
The 7QC tools are fundamental instruments used in Japanese manufacturing since the 1960s to improve quality. They are statistical techniques that help analyze production processes, identify problems, control quality fluctuations, and provide solutions. The 7 tools are check sheets, Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, histograms, scatter diagrams, control charts, and flowcharts. They organize collected data visually and help identify specific issues.
This document provides information about a quality management syllabus including its contents and quality management tools. The syllabus covers 5 units that introduce quality management concepts and frameworks, principles of total quality management, quality tools and techniques. It also lists and describes 6 common quality tools - check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. Additional related topics like quality management systems and standards are also listed.
This document provides information about quality management certificates, including the contents and curriculum of a quality management certificate program. The certificate program covers quality tools, quality management, and six sigma quality improvement methods. It is designed to provide skills at the green belt level and prepare students for the ASQ six sigma certification. The document also lists several quality management tools, including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms.
This document discusses quality assurance in project management. It provides definitions of quality and lists six quality control goals for managing projects. It outlines five techniques for discovering potential project problems, including cause/effect matrix, creative techniques, process mapping, simulation, and value analysis. It also defines the role of a project analyst and identifies skills and responsibilities for quality analysis. The document then lists and describes six common quality management tools: check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. It concludes with additional quality-related topics.
This document discusses various tools and methodologies for process improvement, including the Deming Cycle (Plan-Do-Study-Act), flowcharts, check sheets, histograms, Pareto diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, scatter diagrams, run charts, control charts, Kaizen blitz, poka-yoke, process simulation, and skills for team leaders and members. It provides descriptions and examples of how each tool is used to define problems, measure processes, analyze data, improve processes, and ensure changes are standardized and monitored.
The document discusses project quality management tools and resources. It provides an overview of quality management principles and how they can be applied to project management. Specific quality management tools are described, including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. These tools can be used to plan, assure, and control quality on projects. Additional related topics like quality management systems, courses, and standards are also listed.
Quality improvement involves systematically taking actions to increase customer value by improving processes and activities throughout the quality loop. This includes improving effectiveness and efficiency. Quality improvement is done through both reactive and proactive approaches. Reactive approaches involve collecting data, analyzing issues like defects, determining root causes, implementing corrective actions, and verifying effectiveness. Proactive approaches involve reviewing processes like FMEA to prevent future issues, conducting design reviews, implementing ideas from improvement methods, and deploying lessons learned. Most defects are due to management factors rather than operators. Different types of operator errors exist, and can be addressed through error proofing methods.
This document discusses quality software project management. It provides an overview of useful tools, strategies, and resources for quality software project management including forms, ebooks, templates, KPIs, and interview questions. It also summarizes the contents of a book on quality software project management that discusses best practices, the software development lifecycle, and case studies. Finally, it lists and briefly describes several quality management tools: check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, histograms, and others.
The document discusses quality management policy templates and provides resources and tools for quality management. It includes a sample quality management policy for Company XYZ that outlines their commitment to quality, continuous improvement, and customer satisfaction. It also describes several common quality management tools, including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms.
This document discusses 7 tools of quality management including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, histograms, and stratification. It provides descriptions of each tool, what it is used for, how it is constructed and how data is analyzed from it. Examples are given for some of the tools. Additional links are provided to other quality management resources such as ebooks, forms, templates, KPIs and interview questions related to quality management systems.
This document provides information about quality metrics project management including definitions, tools, and other related topics. It defines quality as meeting the customer's requirements and expectations. Metrics are used to measure quality and determine if it is improving. Common quality management tools discussed include check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. These tools help identify issues, determine causes of defects, and monitor processes. Additional downloadable resources on related quality management topics are also listed.
This document provides information about courses in quality management. It discusses the purpose and target group of quality management courses. The purpose is to equip employees with knowledge of total quality management and methods/techniques for improving quality. The target group includes any employees involved with quality management. The document also describes several quality management tools, including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. It lists additional quality management topics covered in related materials available for download.
This document provides information about quality management system courses, including who they are for, topics covered, duration, and requirements for certification. It also lists several quality management tools commonly used in such courses, including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. Additional related topics that can be downloaded as PDFs are also listed.
This document discusses quality assurance project management. It provides resources on quality assurance project management forms, tools, and strategies. It also lists quality management KPIs, job descriptions, and interview questions. The document discusses reasons for project failures such as unclear requirements and lack of issue escalation. It then describes quality management tools including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. Finally, it lists additional quality assurance topics such as quality management systems and standards.
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The document discusses the 7 main quality control tools used for collecting and analyzing numerical data. The tools are: Pareto diagram, check sheet, stratification, cause and effect diagram, scatter diagram, histogram, and control chart/graph. Each tool is explained briefly. The Pareto diagram identifies important issues. Stratification involves basic data processing. The scatter diagram shows relationships between two variables. The cause and effect diagram identifies causes and their effects. The histogram depicts data distribution. The check sheet records collected data. And the control chart finds abnormalities and status. Together these 7 QC tools are used to collect, analyze, identify root causes, and measure results.
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The document discusses the 7 quality control tools, which are simple graphical and statistical tools used to analyze and solve work-related problems. The 7 tools - check sheet, fishbone diagram, histogram, Pareto chart, control chart, scatter diagram, and stratification diagram - are widely used across industries for product and process improvement. They help identify potential causes of issues, monitor processes, and drive continual process improvement to enhance quality, productivity, and customer satisfaction.
1. The document discusses 7 quantitative quality control tools and techniques for decision making: checksheets, Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, scatter diagrams, histograms, control charts, and stratification.
2. It provides examples and explanations of how each tool is used, such as using checksheets to track defects over time, Pareto charts to identify the most common issues, and scatter diagrams to analyze relationships between variables.
3. The tools help identify sources of variation, recognize changes in processes, and determine if quality improvements are effective. Strategic use of these techniques aids in problem diagnosis and driving processes toward statistical control.
The document discusses seven statistical quality control tools: flow charts, check sheets, histograms, Pareto diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, scatter diagrams, and control charts. It provides definitions and purposes of each tool. Flow charts depict process steps, check sheets systematically collect data, histograms show frequency distributions, Pareto diagrams identify vital causes, cause-and-effect diagrams analyze potential causes, scatter diagrams depict relationships between variables, and control charts identify process variations. The document also discusses how these tools relate to the PDCA (plan-do-check-act) cycle of continuous improvement and provides examples of each tool.
C O N T R O L L P R E S E N T A T I O Nوديع المخلافي
The document describes the DMAIC process for problem solving and process improvement. It consists of 5 phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. The Control phase involves implementing process controls, monitoring performance with tools like statistical process control (SPC) charts, and ensuring defects do not recur. The objective is to prevent problems and their root causes from reoccurring by documenting results, implementing controls, and selecting the appropriate control tools and activities based on the solution developed in prior phases.
The 7QC tools are fundamental instruments used in Japanese manufacturing since the 1960s to improve quality. They are statistical techniques that help analyze production processes, identify problems, control quality fluctuations, and provide solutions. The 7 tools are check sheets, Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, histograms, scatter diagrams, control charts, and flowcharts. They organize collected data visually and help identify specific issues.
This document provides information about a quality management syllabus including its contents and quality management tools. The syllabus covers 5 units that introduce quality management concepts and frameworks, principles of total quality management, quality tools and techniques. It also lists and describes 6 common quality tools - check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. Additional related topics like quality management systems and standards are also listed.
This document provides information about quality management certificates, including the contents and curriculum of a quality management certificate program. The certificate program covers quality tools, quality management, and six sigma quality improvement methods. It is designed to provide skills at the green belt level and prepare students for the ASQ six sigma certification. The document also lists several quality management tools, including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms.
This document discusses quality assurance in project management. It provides definitions of quality and lists six quality control goals for managing projects. It outlines five techniques for discovering potential project problems, including cause/effect matrix, creative techniques, process mapping, simulation, and value analysis. It also defines the role of a project analyst and identifies skills and responsibilities for quality analysis. The document then lists and describes six common quality management tools: check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. It concludes with additional quality-related topics.
This document discusses various tools and methodologies for process improvement, including the Deming Cycle (Plan-Do-Study-Act), flowcharts, check sheets, histograms, Pareto diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, scatter diagrams, run charts, control charts, Kaizen blitz, poka-yoke, process simulation, and skills for team leaders and members. It provides descriptions and examples of how each tool is used to define problems, measure processes, analyze data, improve processes, and ensure changes are standardized and monitored.
The document discusses project quality management tools and resources. It provides an overview of quality management principles and how they can be applied to project management. Specific quality management tools are described, including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. These tools can be used to plan, assure, and control quality on projects. Additional related topics like quality management systems, courses, and standards are also listed.
Quality improvement involves systematically taking actions to increase customer value by improving processes and activities throughout the quality loop. This includes improving effectiveness and efficiency. Quality improvement is done through both reactive and proactive approaches. Reactive approaches involve collecting data, analyzing issues like defects, determining root causes, implementing corrective actions, and verifying effectiveness. Proactive approaches involve reviewing processes like FMEA to prevent future issues, conducting design reviews, implementing ideas from improvement methods, and deploying lessons learned. Most defects are due to management factors rather than operators. Different types of operator errors exist, and can be addressed through error proofing methods.
This document discusses quality software project management. It provides an overview of useful tools, strategies, and resources for quality software project management including forms, ebooks, templates, KPIs, and interview questions. It also summarizes the contents of a book on quality software project management that discusses best practices, the software development lifecycle, and case studies. Finally, it lists and briefly describes several quality management tools: check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, histograms, and others.
The document discusses quality management policy templates and provides resources and tools for quality management. It includes a sample quality management policy for Company XYZ that outlines their commitment to quality, continuous improvement, and customer satisfaction. It also describes several common quality management tools, including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms.
This document discusses 7 tools of quality management including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, histograms, and stratification. It provides descriptions of each tool, what it is used for, how it is constructed and how data is analyzed from it. Examples are given for some of the tools. Additional links are provided to other quality management resources such as ebooks, forms, templates, KPIs and interview questions related to quality management systems.
This document provides information about quality metrics project management including definitions, tools, and other related topics. It defines quality as meeting the customer's requirements and expectations. Metrics are used to measure quality and determine if it is improving. Common quality management tools discussed include check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. These tools help identify issues, determine causes of defects, and monitor processes. Additional downloadable resources on related quality management topics are also listed.
This document provides information about courses in quality management. It discusses the purpose and target group of quality management courses. The purpose is to equip employees with knowledge of total quality management and methods/techniques for improving quality. The target group includes any employees involved with quality management. The document also describes several quality management tools, including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. It lists additional quality management topics covered in related materials available for download.
This document provides information about quality management system courses, including who they are for, topics covered, duration, and requirements for certification. It also lists several quality management tools commonly used in such courses, including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. Additional related topics that can be downloaded as PDFs are also listed.
This document discusses quality assurance project management. It provides resources on quality assurance project management forms, tools, and strategies. It also lists quality management KPIs, job descriptions, and interview questions. The document discusses reasons for project failures such as unclear requirements and lack of issue escalation. It then describes quality management tools including check sheets, control charts, Pareto charts, scatter plots, Ishikawa diagrams, and histograms. Finally, it lists additional quality assurance topics such as quality management systems and standards.
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2. 7 Q C Tools 2
What are 7 QC Tools ?
QC tools are the means for Colleting data ,
analyzing data , identifying root causes and
measuring the results.
THESE TOOLS ARE RELATED TO Numerical
DATA processing
USER HAS TO DEVELOP THE
SOLUTION & IMPLEMENT
4. 7 Q C Tools 4
Process control
( Standardization )
Evaluation of result
Implementation
Develop
Improvement
method
( Solution )
Detecting causes of
problem
Record of facts
Defining the
problem
Identification of
problem
Control
Chart
Scatter
Diagram
Histogra
m
Cause &
Effect
Diagram
Pareto
Diagra
m
Stratifi
cation
Check
sheet
Graphs
Application of QC tools in Problem Solving
5. 7 Q C Tools 5
Pareto Diagram
1. What is Pareto diagram ?
A Pareto diagram is a combination of bar and line graphs of
accumulated data, where data associated with a problem
(e.g., a defect found, mechanical failure, or a complaint
from a customer) are divided into smaller groups by cause
or by phenomenon and sorted, for example, by the number
of occurrences or the amount of money involved. (The
name “Pareto” came from an Italian mathematician who
created the diagram.)
6. 7 Q C Tools 6
Pareto Diagram
2. When is it used and what results will be obtained?
Please refer to the table on next slide for the
usage and benefits of a Pareto diagram. It is
mainly used to prioritize matters, and because
of its easiness of use, the diagram is used in a
wide variety of fields.
7. 7 Q C Tools 7
Pareto Diagram
Pareto Diagram
(No. of Occurrences)
Pareto Diagram
Pareto Diagram
(No. of Occurrences)
Used to prioritize
actions.(Used during
phases to monitor the
situation, analyze causes,
and review effectiveness of
an action.)
▪Used to identify a problem.
▪Used to identify the cause of
a problem.
▪Used to review the effects of
an action to be taken.
▪Allows clarification of
important tasks.
▪Allows identification
of a starting point
(which task to start
with).
▪Allows projection of
the effects of a measure
to be taken
Method Usage Result
Pareto Diagram
8. 7 Q C Tools 8
Pareto Diagram
To identify a course of
action to be emphasized
using a variety of data.
Example
Assessment using Pareto
diagram (prioritization)
Confirmation of Effect
(Comparison)
Details of “ A”
Frequently used to check
the effect of an
improvement.
Improved
9. 7 Q C Tools 9
Stratification
1. What is Stratification?
Stratification means to “divide the whole into smaller portions
according to certain criteria.” In case of quality control,
stratification generally means to divide data into several groups
according to common factors or tendencies (e.g., type of defect
and cause of defect).
Dividing into groups “fosters understanding of a situation.”
This represents the basic principle of quality control.
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Stratification
2. When is it used and what results will be obtained?
The “common and basic principle” of quality control is
stratification, i.e., to think a matter out by breaking it
into smaller portions. Stratification has a number of
useful purposes. The table below shows only a few
examples of these purposes.
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Method Usage Result
Stratification
Grouping by day,
time, place, worker,
or process
X
Y
Z
Number of Units
★★★★★★★
△△△△
○○○
•Used to observe variations
among strata.
•Used to identify the
relationship between cause
and effect.
•Used to identify a purpose
and means to serve the
purpose
[Used during phases to monitor the
situation, analyze causes, review
effectiveness of an action, perform
standardization, and implement a
selected control measure.]
•Allows observation
of variations among
strata.
•By performing a
cause analysis using
the stratified data, the
following can be
accomplished.
1.Identification and control of a
problem
2.“Division of data (obtained by
using each QC tool) into several
groups”
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Stratification
Item Method of Stratification
Elapse of time
Hour, a.m., p.m., immediately after start of work,
shift, daytime, nighttime, day, week, month
Variations among workers
Worker, age, male, female, years of experience,
shift, team, newly employed, experienced worker
Variations among work
methods
Processing method, work method, working
conditions (temperature, pressure, and speed),
temperature
Variations among
measurement/inspection
methods
Measurement tool, person performing
measurement, method of measurement, inspector,
sampling, place of inspection
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Scatter Diagram
1. What is Scatter Diagram ?
A scatter diagram is used to “examine the relationship between
the two, paired, interrelated data types, ” such as “height and
weight of a person.” A scatter diagram provides a means to
find whether or not these two data types are interrelated. It is
also utilized to determine how closely they are related to
identify a problem point that should be controlled or improved.
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Scatter Diagram
2. When is it used and what results will be obtained?
The table on next slide shows some examples of
scatter diagram’s usage. If, for example, there is a
relationship where “an increase in the number of
rotations (x) causes an increase in abrasion (y),” there
exists “positive correlation.” If, on the other hand, the
existence of a relationship where “an increase in the
number of rotations (x) causes a decline in abrasion
(y)” indicates that there is “negative correlation.”
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Method Usage Result
Scatter Diagram
•Used to identify a relationship
between two matters.
•Used to identify a relationship
between two matters and establish
countermeasures based on their
cause and effect relation.
Example Usage
1.Relationship between thermal
treatment temperature of a steel
material and its tensile strengths
2.Relationship between visit made
by a salesman and volume of sales
3.Relationship between the number
of persons visiting a department
store and volume of sales
4 Others
Scatter Diagram
Scatter Diagram
y Axis
x Axis
Abrasion
Number of
Rotations
Scatter Diagram
Scatter Diagram
y Axis
x Axis
Abrasion
Number of
Rotations
[Used during phases to monitor the
situation, analyze causes, and review
effectiveness of an action.]
•Can identify cause
and effect relation.
•Can understand the
relationship
between two
results.
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Scatter Diagram
Abrasion
(micron)
y Axis
x Axis
Number of
Rotations
Abrasion
(micron)
y Axis
x Axis
Number of
Rotations
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Cause & Effect Diagram
1. What is Cause & effect Diagram ?
A cause and effect diagram is “a fish-bone diagram that
presents a systematic representation of the relationship
between the effect (result) and affecting factors (causes).”
Solving a problem in a scientific manner requires
clarification of a cause and effect relationship, where the
effect (e.g., the result of work) varies according to factors
(e.g., facilities and machines used, method of work, workers,
and materials and parts used). To obtain a good work result,
we must identify the effects of various factors and develop
measures to improve the result accordingly.
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Cause & Effect Diagram
2. When is it used and what results will be obtained?
A cause and effect diagram is mainly used to study
the cause of a certain matter. As mentioned above,
the use of a cause and effect diagram allows
clarification of causal relation for efficient problem
solving. It is also effective in assessing measures
developed and can be applied to other fields
according to your needs.
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▪Can obtain a clear
overall picture of causal
relation. (A change in
the cause triggers a
variation in the
result.)○ Can clarify
the cause and effect
relationship.
▪Can list up all causes
to identify important
causes.
▪Can determine the
direction of action
(countermeasure).
Method Usage Result
Cause & Effect Diagram
▪Used when
clarifying a cause
and effect
relationship.[Used
during a phase to
analyze causes.]
▪ Used to develop
countermeasures.
[Used during a phase to plan
countermeasures.]
Material Method
Man
Machine
Cause (4M’s) Result
(Controlled State)
Effect
Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect
Diagram
Diagram
Material Method
Man
Machine
Cause (4M’s) Result
(Controlled State)
Effect
Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect
Diagram
Diagram
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Cause & Effect Diagram
Mechanism of
Copying Machine
Quality of
Copying Paper
User Surrounding
Environment
Smudges on the
copied surface
Internal devices not
working smoothly
Malfunction of
the roller
Printing too
lightly
Too thin
Folded
Running out
of stock
Dampened
Keyboard handling
error
Error in selecting a
scale of reduction
Error in
placement of
paper (setting
its face up)
Error in
selecting
shading
Deterioration of
performance due
to high
temperatures
Nicotine-
stained
Dirt on the
glass
surface
Dust
Many
Copying
Errors!
Mechanism of
Copying Machine
Quality of
Copying Paper
User Surrounding
Environment
Smudges on the
copied surface
Internal devices not
working smoothly
Malfunction of
the roller
Printing too
lightly
Too thin
Folded
Running out
of stock
Dampened
Keyboard handling
error
Error in selecting a
scale of reduction
Error in
placement of
paper (setting
its face up)
Error in
selecting
shading
Deterioration of
performance due
to high
temperatures
Nicotine-
stained
Dirt on the
glass
surface
Dust
Many
Copying
Errors!
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Histogram
1. What is Histogram ?
When creating a histogram, “a range of data is divided into
smaller sections having a uniform span,and the number of data
contained in each section (the number of occurrences) is
counted to develop a frequency distribution table.” Then, “a
graph is formed from this table by using vertical bars, each
having the height proportional to the number of occurrences in
each section.”
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Histogram
2. When is it used and what results will be obtained?
A histogram is mainly used to analyze a process by
examining the location of the mean value in the
graph or degree of variations, to find a problem point
that needs to be improved. Its other applications are
listed in the table below.
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Method Usage Result
Histogram
Histogram
Histogram
Standard
Range
Range of
Variations
X Axis (Values
Actually
Measured)
Histogram
Histogram
Standard
Range
Range of
Variations
X Axis (Values
Actually
Measured)
•Used to assess the actual
conditions.
•Used to analyze a process to
identify a problem point that needs
to be improved by finding the
location of the mean value or
degree of variations in the graph.
•Used to examine that the target
quality is maintained throughout
the process.
•Others
[Used during phases to
monitor the situation, analyze
causes, and review
effectiveness of an action.]
•Can identify the
location of the mean
(central) value or
degree of variations.
•Can find out the scope
of a defect by inserting
standard values.
•Can identify the
condition of
distribution (e.g.,
whether there is an
isolated, extreme
value).
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Histogram
Frequency Distribution Table
Cutting Length of Steel Wire]
Standard
Lower Limit Upper Limit
Standard
Standard Value
Product
[Histogram of Cutting Length of Steel
Wire]
(Standard: 255 5 mm)
±
Section
Frequency Marking
Occurrences
Mean
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Check Sheet
1. What is Check sheet ?
A check sheet is “a sheet designed in advance to allow easy
collection and aggregation of data.” By just entering check
marks on a check sheet, data can be collected to extract
necessary information, or a thorough inspection can be
performed in an efficient manner, eliminating a possibility
of skipping any of the required inspection items.
A check sheet is also effective in performing stratification
(categorization).
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Check Sheet
2. When is it used and what results will be obtained?
Please refer to the table on next slide for the usage
and benefits of a check sheet. It is frequently used in
daily business operations, often not specifically for
QC purposes.
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▪Ensures collection of
required data.
▪Allows a thorough
inspection of all check
items.
▪Can understand
tendencies and
variations.
▪Can record required
data.
Method Usage Result
Check Sheet
Check Sheet
Check Sheet
Day
Process
Process 1
Process 2
Process 3
Check Sheet
Check Sheet
Day
Process
Process 1
Process 2
Process 3
▪Used to collect data.
▪Used when
performing a
thorough inspection.
Used during phases to monitor
the situation, analyze causes,
review effectiveness of an
action, perform
standardization, and
implement a selected control
measure
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Check Sheet
A check sheet used to identify defects
Date
Defect
Vertical Scratch
Scratch
Dent
Total
Date
Defect
Vertical Scratch
Scratch
Dent
Total
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Control Chart (Control Chart / Graph 1)
1. What is Control Chart ?
A control chart is used to examine a process to see if
it is stable or to maintain the stability of a process.
This method is often used to analyze a process. To
do so, a chart is created from data collected for a
certain period of time, and dots plotted on the chart
are examined to see how they are distributed or if they
are within the established control limit. After some
actions are taken to control and standardize various
factors, this method is also used to examine if a
process is stabilized by these actions, and if so, to
keep the process in a stable state.
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Control Chart
2. When is it used and what results will be obtained?
There are two types of control charts: one used for
managerial purposes and the other for analytical
purposes. A control chart is used to identify dots that
are outside the control limit, which indicate some
anomalies in a process. In addition, seven
consecutive dots showing values that are below or
above the mean (central) value, or an increment or a
decline represented by seven consecutive dots also
indicate “a problem in a process.”
We need to examine what has caused such a
tendency or an increment/decline.
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Method Usage Result
Control Chart
Control Chart
Control Chart
x-R Control Chart
Control Chart
Control Chart
x-R Control Chart
[Used during phases to
monitor the situation,
analyze causes, review
effectiveness of an
action, perform
standardization, and
implement a selected
control measure
Used to observe a
change caused by
elapse of time.
In the example “x bar ” -R
control chart, “X bar”
represents the central value,
while “R” indicates the range.
Can identify a change
caused by elapse of
time.
Can judge the
process if it is in its
normal state or there
are some anomalies
by examining the dots
plotted on the chart.
Control Chart for Managerial Purposes: Extends the line indicating the control limit used for analytical purposes to
plot data obtained daily to keep a process in a good state.
Control Chart for Analytical Purposes: Examines a process if it is in a controlled state by collecting data for a certain
period of time. If the process is not controlled, a survey is performed to identify its cause and develop
countermeasures.
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Control Chart
x- Control Chart
Group Number
Examples of Values
Represented byDots
Values above the
control limit
represented by
seven
consecutive dots
A decline
represented by
seven
consecutive dots
x- Control Chart
Group Number
Examples of Values
Represented byDots
Values above the
control limit
represented by
seven
consecutive dots
A decline
represented by
seven
consecutive dots
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Graph
1. What is Graph ?
A graph is “a graphical representation of data, which allows a
person to understand the meaning of these data at a glance.”
Unprocessed data simply represent a list of numbers, and
finding certain tendencies or magnitude of situation from these
numbers is difficult, sometimes resulting in an interpretational
error. A graph is a effective means to monitor or judge the
situation, allowing quick and precise understanding of the
current or actual situation.
A graph is a visual and summarized representation of data that
need to be quickly and precisely conveyed to others.
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Graph
2. When is it used and what results will be obtained?
A graph, although it is listed as one of the QC tools, is
commonly used in our daily life and is the most
familiar means of assessing a situation.
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Method Usage Result
Graph
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
East
1st Qtr
13%
2nd Qtr
17%
3rd Qtr
57%
4th Qtr
13%
Changes in a time-sequential
order – line graph
Amounts – bar graph, etc.
Ratios – pie graph, band
chart, etc.
(The items listed above are
representative examples.)
Can observe changes in
a time-sequential order,
ratios, and amounts.
A graphs is the most
frequently used tool to
examine the various
matters such as those
listed on the left.
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• Pareto Diagram To identify the current status and issues
• Stratification Basic processing performed when
collecting data
• Scatter Diagram To identify the relationship between two
things
• Cause and Effect Diagram
To identify the cause and effect relationship
• Histogram To see the distribution of data
• Check Sheet To record data collection
• Control Chart/Graph To find out abnormalities and identify the
current status
To sum up 7 QC tools (Numerical data ) are used as follow: