Disaster readiness and risk reduction (DRR) is a comprehensive approach to minimize the negative impacts of disasters by analyzing and managing the causes of risks, preparing for emergencies, and building resilience.

1. Elements Exposed to
Hazards
mirjam nilsson

2. Exposure refers to the presence of people,
livelihood, environmental services and
resources, infrastructures, or economic,
social, or cultural assets in places that
could be adversely affected by physical
events and which, thereby, are subject to
potential future harm, loss, or damage. It
may be possible to be exposed but not
vulnerable.

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Elements at risk include the following:
1. Dwellings or households and
communities;
2. Buildings and structures
3. Human beings
4. Public facilities and infrastructures
assets;
5. Public and transportation system;
6. Agricultural commondities; and
7. Environmental assets
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4. Various Elements Exposed to Hazards
1. Physical Hazard
Is defined as “ a factor within the
environment that can harm the body
without necessarily touching it. Example,
vibration and noise.

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2. Cultural Hazard
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Also known as social hazards, result from your
location, socioeconomic status, occupation and
behavioral choices.
3. Economic Hazard
Refers to major natural disasters which can and do
have severe negative short run economic impacts.

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4. Environmental Hazard
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Refers to state of events which has the
potential to threaten the surrounding natural
environment and adversely affect people’s
health.

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ELEMENTS AT RISK AND
EXPOSED TO HAZARD
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Vulnerability to Specific Hazard
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There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from
various physical, social, economic, and environmental
factors. Examples may include:
1.Poor design and construction of buildings and other
infrastructures
2.Inadequate protection measures of assets;
3.Lack of public information and awareness;
4.Limited official recognition of risk and preparedness
measures, and
5. Disregard for wise environmental management.
(ADPC, 2012)

9. ADPC further emphasized that vulnerability
varies significantly within a community and
over time. This definition identifies vulnerability
as a characteristics of the elemewhnt of interest
(community, system or asset) which is
independent of its exposure. However, in
common use, the word is often used more
broadly to include the element’s exposure.

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According to the UNISDR, there are four
(4) main types of vulnerability:
1. Physical Vulnerability may be determined
by aspects such as population density levels,
remoteness of a settlement, the site, design
and materials used for critical infrastructures
and for housing United Nations International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)

11. 2. Social Vulnerability refers to the
inability of people, organizations and
societies to withstand adverse impacts to
hazards due to characteristics inherent in
social interactions, institutions and
systems of cultural values

12. 3. Economic Vulnerability the level of vulnerability is highly dependent
upon the economic status of individuals, communities and nations.
The poor are usually more vulnerable to disasters because they lack
the resources to build sturdy structures and put other engineering

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areas of focus
B2B MARKET SCENARIOS
o Develop winning strategies to keep ahead of the
competition
o Capitalize on low-hanging fruit to identify a ballpark
value
o Visualize customer directed convergence​
CLOUD-BASED OPPORTUNITIES
o Iterative approaches to corporate strategy
o Establish a management framework from the inside
20XX

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how we get there
ROI
o Envision multimedia-
based expertise and
cross-media growth
strategies
o Visualize quality
intellectual capital
o Engage worldwide
methodologies with
web-enabled
technologies
NICHE MARKETS
o Pursue scalable
customer service
through sustainable
strategies
o Engage top-line web
services with cutting-
edge deliverables
SUPPLY CHAINS
o Cultivate one-to-one
customer service with
robust ideas
o Maximize timely
deliverables for real-
time schemas
20XX

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summary
At Contoso, we believe in giving 110%.
By using our next-generation data
architecture, we help organizations
virtually manage agile workflows. We
thrive because of our market knowledge
and great team behind our product. As
our CEO says, "Efficiencies will
come from proactively transforming
how we do business."​
20XX

16. thank you
mirjam nilsson
mirjam@contoso.com
www.contoso.com