2. La Vita in breve
• Soren Aabye Kierkegaard nacque in Danimarca, a Copenhagen, il
5 maggio 1813.
• Educato dal padre nel clima di una severa religiosità, si iscrisse
alla facoltà di teologia di Copenhagen, presso la quale dominava
l'ispirazione hegeliana.
• Nel 1840, circa dieci anni dopo il suo ingresso in università, si
laureò.
• Nel 1841-1842 fu a Berlino e ascoltò le lezioni di Schelling, che
v'insegnava la propria filosofia, fondata
• sulla distinzione radicale tra realtà e ragione.
• Dapprima entusiasta del pensiero di Schelling, Kierkegaard ne fu
presto deluso.
• Dopo di allora, visse a Copenaghen grazie a un capitale lasciatogli
dal padre, assorto nella composizione dei suoi libri. Morì 1'11
novembre 1855.
3. Il Pensiero
1. Oggetto di studio= esistenza umana, esistenza del
singolo intesa come singola esistenza, una
categoria attraverso la quale andare alla ricerca
del senso ultimo, profondo della vita
2. Si interroga sull’esistenza umana, che si basa
sulle possibilità dell’uomo e soprattutto sulle
SCELTE di vita
3. Anti-hegeliano radicale: Kierkegaard ritiene che
il sistema filosofico di Hegel (che sacrifica
l'unicità e la specificità del singolo in nome del
tutto, in nome di uno spirito universale e della
ragione che si aliena e poi ritorna in sé) sia un
errore filosofico ed etico, totalmente assurdo.
4. Per Kierkegaard il tutto non è semplicemente la
somma delle singole parti, ma le singole parti
sono il tutto.
5. Ritiene che l’esistenza sia fatta di scelte, di
possibilità che implicano sempre una rinuncia di
qualcosa (avendo la possibilità di scegliere tra
più cose, scegliendo qualcosa, rinuncio a
qualcos’altro: scegliere un tipo di vita piuttosto
che un altro significa rinunciare a tutti gli altri
tipi di vita)
6. La scelta acquista un’accezione negativa perché
per Kierkegaard viene vista come RINUNCIA
4. La Valorizzazione del
singolo
Il baricentro della sua filosofia è l’uomo come
individuo nella sua essenza.
La particolarità della filosofia di Kierkegaard sta
proprio nell’esaltazione del singolo e dell’esistenza
dell’uomo nel rapporto con le sue scelte e con la
totalità. L’esistenza è unica ma provoca anche
dolore in quanto si basa sulle scelte. Pensiero
centrato sull’analisi dell’esistenza del singolo, che
vive di una vita che ha scelto (la scelta genera la
non-scelta, quindi una rinuncia).
A differenza di Hegel che parte dal “tutto”,
Kierkegaard parte dal singolo individuo per
arrivare ad una visione complessiva.
5. AUT-AUT
Nell’opera Kierkegaard pone al centro dello studio l’analisi esistenziale dell’uomo ponendo l’accento
sui diversi stadi esistenziali: esistono delle tipologie di esistenza diverse di fronte alle quali l’uomo è
costretto a compiere delle scelte.
L’uomo è ciò che sceglie.
Di fronte all’uomo vengono poste tante possibilità tra le quali è impossibile scegliere poiché fare una
scelta comporta rinunciare ad altre scelte, quindi è impossibile scegliere.
Secondo Kierkegaard le scelte sono impossibili da fare, infatti egli viene anche chiamato “teorico
dell’impossibilità” di scelta poiché la scelta implica una rinuncia. Scegliere=rinunciare.
L’esistenza è quindi possibilità (scelta) di esistenze che implica la rinuncia di altre esistenze.
La vita implica il sacrificio delle altre esistenze.
«La grandezza non consiste
nell'essere questo o quello, ma
nell'essere se stesso, e questo
ciascuno lo può se lo vuole»
6. Aut-Aut: La Paralisi Esistenziale
In ogni scelta compiuta, quindi, c’è DOLORE della
rinuncia, del sacrificio delle altre esistenze.
Kierkegaard, per definire il termine scelta, usa l’aggettivo
“paralizzante”, poiché di fronte al dolore e alla difficoltà
della scelta l’uomo rimane PARALIZZATO, immobile,
cade nell’abisso.
La scelta viene vista come una minaccia: quando l’uomo
sceglie, in realtà sta rinunciando a qualcosa. Infatti pensa a
ciò che non ha realizzato, che non ha vissuto e che non ha
scelto.
Come per Schopenhauer l’uomo non ha modo di liberarsi
dal dolore, allo stesso modo per Kierkegaard l’uomo non
può evitare di soffrire poiché è inevitabile che si trovi a
dover compiere delle scelte. L’uomo è sempre immerso
nelle possibilità, nel dover scegliere e quindi di
conseguenza è costretto a scegliere e a rinunciare ad altre
scelte. L’uomo è destinato alla PARALISI
ESISTENZIALE.
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32. Important for the next class
Subject
Science Read today’s lesson Do exercises 1 and 2
Music Bring instrument Practice song
Language Read book Do grammar exercises
Maths Do calculation Learn lesson
33. ● Translate text
● Paint mural
● Do spelling homework
● Do exercises 4 and 5
● English
● Art
● Language
● Maths
Do not forget
Tasks Subjects
34. What materials must I bring to class?
Notes
Eraser
Rounded scissors
Pencils
Stapler
Calculator
Markers
35. Student Attending M T W T F
Student 1
Student 2
Student 3
Student 4
Student 5
42. Weekly planning
Monday
08:00 | Go to class
Tuesday
17:00 | Study for Friday
Thursday
08:00 | Breakfast
Friday
07:30 | Review for exam
Wednesday
10:30 | Relax time
Saturday
11:00 | Do homework
Sunday
10:00 | Plan next week
16:30 | Do homework 18:00 | Maths class 19:00 | Piano Lesson
09:30 | Music class 11:30 | Science test
13:30 | Lunch with mum 17:30 | Go to Sarah’s
43. Monthly planner
April
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
44. First semester 2021
January
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
May
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31
June
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30
April
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30
February
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 2
7 8 9 10 11 12 9
13 14 15 16 17 18 16
19 20 21 22 23 24 23
25 26 27 28
March
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31
45. Second Semester 2021
July
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31
November
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
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8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30
December
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
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6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31
October
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
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4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
August
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
September
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 19 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30
48. Write your homework
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
Read to book
Study Maths
Do grammar
Do Science Draw
Study Music
Translate text
Exercise 1
Play piano
49. Timetable
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri
8:00 - 8:30 Music Science Language English Science
8:30 - 9:00 Art English Maths Music Art
9:00 - 10:00 Language Maths Science Art Language
10:00 - 10:45 Lunch
11:30 - 12:30 Maths Art Music Language Music
12:30 - 13:30 Science Music Art Maths Maths
50. Test
Part 1
1. Link it:
a. Is a gas giant and the biggest planet
b. Has a beautiful name, but it’s hot
c. Despite being red, is a cold place
Venus
Mars
Jupiter
2. Write the missing data:
Mass Diameter Gravity
100 355 ?
51. Test
3. Describe Venus:
Part 1I
4. Make a list of synonyms of the given word:
Planet ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
It’s the second planet in the Solar System
and It has a beautiful name
53. Infographic
Neptune
Neptune is the
farthest planet
from the Sun
Saturn
It’s composed
of hydrogen
and helium
Mars
Despite being
red, Mars is a
cold place
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas
giant and the
biggest planet
54. Infographic
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Neptune is the farthest
from the Sun
Neptune
Saturn
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
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61. Notes
Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest
to the Sun
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Saturn Neptune
It’s composed of
hydrogen and helium
Neptune is the
farthest from the Sun
Jupiter
It’s a gas giant and
the biggest planet
62. Mercury Neptune
Mercury is the closest
to the Sun
Neptune is the
farthest from the Sun
32% 60%
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant
and has several rings
88%
Percentages
63. This is a map
Venus
It has a nice name, but
It’s terribly hot
64. Earths is the Sun’s mass
333,00000
is Jupiter’s rotation period
24h 37m 23s
is a very long distance
386,000km
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Mars 40%
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Saturn 25%
It’s composed of
hydrogen and helium
Neptune 35%
Neptune is the farthest
from the Sun
68. Conclusions
Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest
to the Sun
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
69. Need more columns of text?
Mercury Mars
Mercury is the closest
to the Sun
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Venus Jupiter
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
It’s a gas giant and
the biggest planet
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