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Presentation Essentials
- 2. CONTENTS • Introduction • Signpositing • How to create interest • Body language • Sections of the presentation • Visuals • Concluding a presentation • Questions • General advice • Making slides
- 3. • CLEAR IDEA - Inform OR - Persuade
- 4. Introduction State the objectives and main points, which you will include: “What I would like to do this morning is to present…” / “The subject of my presentation is…” Organise your information on one slide
- 5. SIGNPOSTING • It defines the limits of the speech • It focuses the audience to the aspects of the topic • Expressions: “I will be developing four main points in the presentation, first of all I will give…, second…, third…, lastly…” “My presentation will be in 2 main parts. In the first I will…, and then in the second I will…, I will conclude with..”
- 6. CREATING INTEREST Techniques • Unusual, interesting information: • Statistics: • Word use: • Real life stories • Ask questions to small audiences: • Use rhetorical questions Questions • Did you know that…? • One from every four of us in the room • You, your, us, our • I encountered…, When I was little.. • Vote of opinion • How can your explain this? What can we do about it?
- 7. Physical movement • Facial expressions • Body posture • Gestures • Handshakes • Breathing • https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=8LK1GUzHA2Y Don’t overdo it!
- 8. SECTIONS • Indicate where one section ends and the other begins: My next point is…, if I could now turn to… • Tell the audience that you have finished: That completes my overview of…, So, now I would like to move on to…, That is the general picture for…, And now let’s look at…
- 9. SECTIONS (2) • Connecting words: - Different argument: however, one the other hand, in spite of this, although - Consequence: therefore, so, because, as a result - Additional argument: moreover, in addition to, not only…but also
- 10. SECTIONS (3) Options and solutions - One possible way to solve this is to… - There are two alternatives… - The first option is to… - Now let’s look at the third option which is to… - What about the disadvantages - -On the other hand
- 11. VISUALS a) Focus the attention of your audience b) Reinforce your main ideas c) Illustrate points which are hard to visualise d) Involve and motivate the audience Introduce your visuals!!
- 12. A summary A dynamic concluding statement Inviting the audience to ask questions
- 13. Any questions? • During the presentation OR • After the presentation
- 14. 1. Be prepared; have your information and number the pages 2. If using other materials such as photos or photocopies, have them ready and know when to use them. 3. Don’t learn it off by heart! 4. Don’t read! 5. Keep calm! 6. Don’t think about what you were doing. Otherwise you will panic. 7. Don’t forget that people you are presenting to can understand how difficult it is to give a presentation. They will sympathise, not criticise (hopefully!)
- 15. Slides • PPT or prezi -make titles stand out -don’t fill the slides with too much text -don’t overuse colours -make them visible and visual - slides tell a continuous story -show <-> don’t tell
Editor's Notes
- You will state it from the very beginning as in the article/research paper.
- There are several techniques you can use to begin a presentation. Introduce yourself/affiliation, why you are there, state the purpose/topic of your presentation. Good introductions include information about the main points to be developed and the order I which the presenter will develop them. This is called SIGNPOSTING.
- Some signposting for the audience. You must tell them what you will be talking about and the order your will develop your points. It is a technique as it defines the limits of your presentation.
- It is vitally important to engage attention of the audience right at the beginning. Use techniques to help you: While doing research you may discover unusual, interesting information about the topic. Include this in your introduction. 2. Present statistics in a way that makes it easy for the audience to relate to. For e.g. instead of using 25% of the population, you can say one from every 4 of us. Use real life stories to bring your presentation to life. With smaller audiences, you can ask questions or ask for a vote of opinion. With larger audiences, use rhetorical questions, which will encourage the audience to think.
- At the end of the section indicate to the listener that your have finished.
- As in writing… the same in an oral presentation. Use connectors to highlight the relationship between the different points you want to make. Your must use connecting words, as they will help you build convincing arguments and they will help your audience follow your arguments and anticipate the direction you are moving in.
- Outlining options and solutions It is important that you look at the alternative options or solutions and the drawbacks of them. Use expressions: Outline both the weaknesses and the benefits for each of the options your consider. Use expressions such as: -What are the benefits of this method? -Now, what about the disadvantages? -Now, I would like to examine the problem… -On the other hand…
- MOST IMPORTANT! They make the presentation more effective because they… Tables, graphs, maps, photocopies. Useful expressions for introducing visuals -as you can see from the diagram, I would like to draw your attention to…, Note that…
- Without the conclusion, a presentation is not complete. A good conclusion will contain some or all of the following stages: A summary: restating your main points from the introduction and main body of the presentation. “So, to summarise..” “ As I have explained…”, “So, as we have seen in the presentation today…” Conclusions will always take the form of: -a recommendation or call for action -a challenge -a dynamic concluding statement to re-enforce your message
- Make sure your know everything about your presentation, so you can answer the questions. In the introduction, you should tell the audience when they can ask questions. Before you answer, make sure your understood it. Sometimes your will have to handle difficult or hostile questions. One method of evading difficult questions is to show your understand the questioner’s position and then introduce an alternative way of looking at the situation.: Yes, I see your point, but I think you could consider. Other tactics: I’m afraid I am not the right person to answer that, I don’t think it is the right time or place to discuss that particular question.