5216 5220.output

* GB785623 (A)
Description: GB785623 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements relating to standing wave indicator
Description of GB785623 (A)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements relating to Standing Wave Indicator
We, PoLYTECHNIC RESEARCHAND DEVELOP
MENT COMPANY, INC., a Corporation organized under the laws of the
State of New York,
United States of America, of 202, Tillary
Street, Brooklyn, 1, New York, United States of America, do hereby
declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted
to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to a device for indicating or measuring
standing waves in a rectangular waveguide. The invention is especially
designed for indicating standing waves in a waveguide of the "ridged"
type and involving the transmission of waves within the frew quency
range of 10 to 40 kilo-megacycles per second.
The broad object of the invention is to devise a standing wave
indicator for the measurement of standing waves over a four to one
frequency band without interference from higher modes.
Another object of the invention is to devise a standing wave indicator
embodying a probe movable along the length of the waveguide but
without the use of a longitudinal slot in the wall d the waveguide.
In attaining the objects of our invention, a section of rectangular
waveguide is formed in a circular arc or H-bend formed about an axis
parallel with the E-plane, that is, parallel with the shorter
transverse dimension of the wave guide. A section of one broad wall of
the waveguide at the bend is constructed to rotate about the axis of
the bend, and the probe of the indicator is carried by this movable
wall section.
By this arrangement, the joints between the movable wall section and
the adjacent stationary wall sections are arranged at an angle to the

longitudinal axis of the waveguide which minimizes reflection from the
joints. Also, the joints are formed by cylindrical surfaces which can
be accurately machined to provide a minimum clearance between the two
surfaces.
By the construction just described, the pickup probe is carried by a
movable wall section of the guide having its inner face arranged in
the same plane as the inner faces of the adjacent stationary wall
sections of the waveguide.
Another object of the invention is to devise a novel arrangement for
yieldably pressing the movable wall section of the guide into contact
with the bent waveguide section at different points spaced along the
bend. This is accomplished by spring pressed rolls acting on the
rotary wall section.
Other features of the invention include an arrangement for adjusting
the insertion of the probe into the waveguide, and an arrangement
embodied in the movable wall section for tuning the probe.
One suitable embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the
accompanying drawing in which:
Figure 1 is a plan view of the indicator;
Figure 2 is an elevational view of Figure 1 as seen from the lower
side of that figure, but with the presser rolls omitted for a clearer
view of other features;
Figure 3 is a side elevation of Figure 1 but with the presser rolls
omitted for a clearer view of other features;
Figure 4 is a sectional view of the cover plate or movable wall
section of the waveguide taken between the two plates forming this
section; and
Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of Figure 1
showing the details of the presser roll mounting.
Referring to Figures 1 to 3, the indicator comprises a base 1
supporting on its upper surface a section of rectangular waveguide
bent about a vertical axis E extending parallel with the E-plane, the
waveguide comprising two straight portions A and B and an intermediate
curved portion C arranged in a circular arc about the axis E.
As shown in Figure 2, the waveguide is of the "ridged" type having a
ridge 2d extend ing upwardly from the bottom wall at the center
thereof. For convenience in construction, the two side walls, the
ridge 2d and the bottom wall of the channel in the waveguide are
formed in separate parts 2a, 2b, and 2c secured to the base 1, and the
upper wall of the waveguide channel is formed of three removable cover
pieces. Two of these cover pieces 2al and 2bl are secured to end parts
2a and 2b, and the third cover piece is a circular cover plate or disk
shown generally at D and mounted to rotate about the axis E. The cover
plate D covers all of the center portion C of the waveguide and parts

of end portions A and
B, the adjacent edges of cover pieces 2al and 2bl being formed in a
circular arc to provide a close-fitting sliding joint between the two
end cover pieces and the cover disk D. The center portion 2c of the
waveguide is held in concentric relation with axis E by an inwardly
extending arm 2cl having a bore which receives a vertical stud 3
mounted on base 1 concentric with the axis E.
The outer ends of the bent waveguide section are provided with
suitable coupling flanges shown at 2all and 2bll for coupling to other
waveguide sections or devices.
The preferred construction for the cover plate D involves a composite
construction consisting of a lower plate 4 and an upper plate 5
secured in face-toiface contact by suitable means. The lower plate 4
carries on its lower face a facing plate 6 formed of high conductivity
metal such as coin silver, the plate 6 being suitably secured to the
plate 4 as by sweating. The plate 6 has a smooth lower face which
engages the upper faces of guide parts 2a, 2b and 2c and together with
cover pieces 2al and 2bl, forms the upper wall surface of the
waveguide channel in these parts. The upper plate 5 carries on its
upper face a dial disk 7 provided with suitable graduations around its
edge arranged to move past Vernier graduations of a fixed Vernier
plate 8 carried upon a standard la extending up from the base 1. The
cover plate D is journalled for rotation about the axis E by means of
a counterbore formed in the plate 6 and extending into the plate 4 for
receiving the upper end of the stud 3. The facing plate 6 is slightly
larger in diameter than plate 4 and preferably is of substantially the
same thickness as the cover pieces 2al and 2bl. The adjacent edges of
these cover pieces are formed in circular arcs which present
cylindrical surfaces in close sliding contact with the cylindrical
surface at the outer edge of the facing disk 6.
The upper plate 5 is of larger diameter than lower plate 4 and is
provided with gear teeth 5a formed around its outer periphery. The
composite cover plate D is rotated about the axis E by means of a
pinion 9 engaging teeth 5a and carried by a shaft 10 journalled in
standard 11 and being operated by a knob 12 on the upper end of shaft
10.
The lower plate 4 and the facing plate 6 is provided with a vertical
bore 4a positioned directly above the ridge 2d (see Figure 3) through
which the pick-up probe 13 extends into the channel of the waveguide.
Probe 13 is formed of a fine wire supported at the end of the center
conductor of a coaxial line embodied in the rotary plate D and
connected to a suitable detector mounted in tubular casmg 14 extending
vertically from plate D near the center thereof. The upper end of
casing 14 is adapted to connect the detector to a suitable circuit for

indicating the value of the detected current or voltage.
Rotary cover plate D is provided with a rectangular notch Da in its
edge portions located opposite the probe 13. Two channels 15 and 16 of
circular section are formed partly in plate 4 and partly in plate 5,
as by boring or milling. These channels are arranaged parallel with
each other and on opposite sides of the vertical plane which includes
the probe 13 and the axis of detector casing 14, and both channels
open through the bottom wall of the notch
Da. These two channels are connected by a third channel 17 formed
immediately below the detector casing 14. The inner end of channel 15
is connected with the vertical bore 4a for the probe 13 through a
channel section 15a.
The probe 13 is supported at the lower end of a vertical section 13a
of the detector cable which in turn is supported by a horizontal
section 13b located within channel 15a. The remaining parts of the
center conductor of the coaxial cable include section 13c in channel
15 and section 13d in channel 17, the detector being connected to the
mid point of section 13d by a vertical connection extending into the
casing 14. Another cable section 13e connected to the end of 13d is
arranged within channel 16 and is grounded to the plate D at 13f near
the inner end of channel 16. The various sections of the cable
conductor are supported by dielectric beads 18 as shown in
Figure 4.
A tuning rod 19 formed of dielectric material is arranged to slide
longitudinally within the channel 15 and is provided with a
longitudinal slot for receiving the conductor section 13c so that the
rod 19 may overlap a variable portion of conductor section 13c. A
similar tuning rod 20 is mounted for sliding movement within the
channel 16 and overlaps a variable portion of conductor section 13e.
The horizontal conductor section 13b is arranged so that its normal
resilience tends to move the probe 13d vertically upwards, but such
movement is restrained by a push rod 21 arranged for vertical
adjustment in a vertical bore formed in plate 5 directly above the
probe 13. This push rod is formed of dielectric material and is
supported from an adjusting knob 22 which has screw threaded
engagement with a mounting collar 23 supported on plate
D. Rotation of the knob 22 varies the amount of insertion of the probe
into the channel of the waveguide.
It is important that good electrical contact be maintained between the
facing plate 6 and the upper surfaces of waveguide parts 2a, 2b, and
2c. For this purpose provision is made to apply pressure on the upper
surface of rotary cover plate D at a number of points spaced around
its outer edge portion. One suitable arrangement is shown in Figures 1
and 5 of the drawing and involves three ball-bearing rolls 24a, 24b,

and 24c arranged to engage the upper surfaces of the cover plate D
above the waveguide sections A, B, and C, respectively.
These rollers are spring pressed against the cover plate D by a
mounting arrangement illustrated in Figure 5. Each roll is supported
upon a vertical post 25, passing through a vertical bore formed in the
base 1, the roller being supported upon an inwardly extending arm 25a
at the upper end of the post. The lower end of the post 25 extends
below the horizontal table portion of the base 1, and a compressioin
spring 26 surrounds the lower end portion of the post between the
table of the base and an abutment 25b on the lower end of the post.
Spring 26 urges the post downwardly and thereby applies pressure to
the rotary plate D through the roller mounted on arm 25a. The post 25
is held against rotation about its axis by means of a pin 27 threaded
in a horizontal bore in the base 1 and extending into a vertical slot
25c formed in the post.
By the arrangement just described, proper contact is maintained
between the rotary cover plate and both sides of the open face of the
waveguide, and this is accomplished by pressure applied directly above
different linear sections of the waveguide. This arrangement is more
satisfactory than an arrangement which is designed to apply pressure
at the center of the rotary cover plate. In our arrangement, no
pressure is applied at the center of the cover plate, and the plate is
free to move along the axis of the pivot stud 3 to a position in which
the plate is properly seated upon the walls of the waveguide.
Two arms 28a and 28b are secured to the top face of cover plate D and
extend downwardly into opposite sides of the notch Da in positions to
engage waveguide sections A and
B respectively and thus limit the rotation of the cover plate D so
that the probe 13 does not travel beyond the arcuate section C.
While the arcuate section C of the waveguide is shown and described as
extending over a 90" arc, this section may extend over a smaller or a
greater angle, depending on the radius of curvature. The important
factor is that the arcuate portion of the waveguide should have a
length of at least one guide wavelength at the lowest frequency of the
operating band. For example, the arcuate section for a frequency band
of 10 to 40 kmc. would have a length of from 2 to 21 inches.
While my invention has been shown and described as applied to a ridged
waveguide, it is dear that it may be applied to the conventional
rectangular waveguide without a ridge.
What we claim is:-
1. A device for exploring standing waves comprising a rectangular
waveguide having a portion thereof arranged in a circular arc about an
axis extending parallel with the shorter transverse dimension of said
guide, one broad wall of said guide being cut away in the plane of the

inner face thereof throughout said arcuate portion and along arcuate
paths in the adjacent wall sections on opposite sides of said arcuate
portion, a circular cover plate posi tioned to cover the open face of
said waveguide and to rotate about said axis, the inner face of said
rotary cover plate being in the same plane as the inner faces of said
adjacent wall sectins, and a probe mounted upon said cover plate and
extending through an aperture in said cover plate and into the channel
of said waveguide.
2. A device according to Claim 1 and including means acting upon said
rotary cover plate, at points spaced about the peripheral portion
thereof, for yieldably pressing said cover plate into engagement with
said waveguide.
3. A device according to Claim 1 and including a tubuluar detector
casing mounted vertically upon said cover plate near the center
thereof, and a coaxial line embodied in said cover plate connecting
said probe and said detector casing.
4. A device according to Claim 3 wherein said probe is supported upon
a section of the center conductor of said coaxial line, said conductor
section comprising a resilient support for said probe normally urging
said probe away from the channel of the waveguide, and an adjustable
push-rod carried by said cover plate for moving said probe against the
action of said conductor section.
5. A device according to Claim 3 and including tuning means for
varying the effective length of said coaxial line connecting said
probe and said detector casing.
6. A device according to Claim 1 and including a detector casing
mounted upon said cover plate near the center thereof, a coaxial line
connecting said probe and said detector casing, said coaxial line
having a section thereof contained within a bore formed within said
cover plate and opening through the outer edge of said plate, and a
rod of dielectric material mounted for sliding within said bore to
overlap a variable portion of said line section, said rod being
slotted to receive the center conductor of said line section.
7. A device according to Claim 6 and including a short-:ircuited
coaxial line connected to said first-mentioned coaxial line at the
junction with said detector casing, and means for vary
* GB785624 (A)
Description: GB785624 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Double cylinder mortice locks
PATENT SPECIFICATION
785,624 Date of filing Complete Specification: May 31, 1956.
Application Date: June 3, 1955:
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 44, A 3 (B: X), A 5 A.
International Classification:-E 05 b.
Double Cylinder Mortice Locks We, J LEGGE & COMPANY LIMITED, a British
Company, of Stafford Street, Willenhall, Staffordshire, and FRANK
VICTOR LEGGE and JOHN ERNEST LEGGE, both s British Subjects and both
of the Company's address, do hereby declare the invention, for which
we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it
is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement: -
This invention relates to double cylinder mortice locks, that is to
say mortice locks the mechanism of which is operable independently by
either of two pin-tumbler cylinders mounted in opposite sides
respectively of the lock case so that the lock can be actuated by a
key from either side of the door.
Double cylinder mortice locks commonly used have separate cylinder
bodies of externally cylindrical form which are threaded to screw into
correspondingly threaded and axially aligned holes in opposite cheeks
of the lock case and which, after being entered through holes in the
door and screwed into position in the lock case already fitted in the
mortice, are secured against unscrewing by a cylinder clamp which
engages grooves cut across the screw threads on the cylinder bodies
and is operated by an anchored screw in the fore end of the lock case.
In another and less common arrangement of double cylinder mortice
lock, the two cylinder bodies, instead of being of cylindrical shape
and screwing into the case cheeks, are of a non-circular
cross-section, usually an inverted "key-hole" section, and are merely
inserted separately in correspondingly shaped locating holes in the
said cheeks and then secured against withdrawal each by a separate
screw through the fore-end of the case and screwing into a tapped hole
provided for the purpose in the cylinder body, usually in its upper or
rib portion In yet another known form of double cylinder lock, the two
cylinder bodies, of inverted "keyhole" cross-section, are integrally

formed, lPrice 3 s 6 d l the one-piece body accommodating the two
rotary plugs in opposite ends being centrally gapped or recessed to
afford a clearance for the radial tongues or throwers on the inner 50
ends of said plugs, and said one-piece body with its assembled plugs
and throwers being inserted as a unit through aligned holes in the
cheeks of the lock case and being secured in position by a single
screw through the 55 fore-end and screwing into a tapped hole in that
part of the said one-piece body which bridges the gap between the
plugs This latter construction, however, has the disadvantage that the
clearance gap is necessarily 60 small and in consequence considerable
difficulty is experienced in assembling the springs and pin tumblers
in position through the inner ends of the bores which receive the
plugs from their outer ends as such assem 65 bly proceeds.
A double cylinder mortice lock according to the present invention has
two cylinder bodies of inverted "key-hole" or other noncylindrical
cross-section which are separately 70 inserted through locating holes
in the cheeks of the lock case, and is characterised in that each of
said separate cylinder bodies has on its inner end a longitudinal
extension which is disposed so as not to interfere with the 75
rotation of the tongue or thrower on the associated plug and is formed
with a transverse tapped hole; that when the two separately inserted
cylinders are correctly positioned in the lock case their longitudinal
ex 80 tensions lie close alongside each other with their tapped holes
in register, and that said cylinders are secured together and against
withdrawal by a single fixing screw which extends through, or is
accessible through, the 85 fore-end of said case and screws into the
registered tapped holes in the two overlapped extensions of said
bodies.
The invention will now be described with reference to the embodiment
shown, by way 90 of example, in the accompanying drawings; in which:
No 16077/55.
2 785,624 Fig 1 is a side elevation of a double cylinder mortice lock
with the cap side removed from the case so as to expose the internal
mechanism.
Fig 2 is a plan of the lock shown in Fig.
1, but with a portion of the top of the casing broken away to show how
the two cylinders are located and secured together against withdrawal.
Fig 3 is a perspective view of one of the cylinder bodies.
Referring to the drawings, there are two identically similar cylinder
bodies 10 of inverted "key-hole" cross-section,thelowercylindrical
portion of each body 10 affordingthe bearing or barrel for a rotatable
plug 11 and the upstanding radial rib portion constituting the housing
for the pin tumbler mechanism for locking said plug 11 against
rotation except when released by the insertion of the appropriate key

in the key slot 12 of said plug 11 After assembling the pin tumbler
mechanism and the plug 11 in each cylinder body 10, tongues or
throwers 13, in the form of gear segments, are secured one to the
inner end of each plug 11 The radial rib portion of each cylinder body
10 is formed integrally on its inner end with a half-width
longitudinal extension 14 which is so disposed as not to interfere
with the rotation of the tongue or thrower 13 and has a length
somewhat greater than twice the thickness of the latter Each rib
extension 14 is formed centrally with a through hole 15 which is
screw-threaded to receive a fixing screw 16.
The mechanism mounted in the case side 17 of the lock is as claimed in
Patent Specication No 729,254 and comprises the dead bolt 18 which
slides through the apertured double fore end 19 and has a lath or tail
20 guided by a lanket slot 21 upon a fixed stump 22, a pivoted toothed
segment 23 which can be operated by either of the tongues or throwers
13 and which has a radial arm 24 for engaging a talon 25 in the bolt
lath 20 and moving the bolt 18 into either of its extreme positions
according to the direction of rotation imparted by either of said
tongues or throwers 13, and a strip spring 26 which is anchored on the
stump 22 and loads the radial arm 24 of the pivoted segment 23 to
maintain the latter in either of its extreme positions Also fixed in
the case side 17 are three angle brackets 27, 28 and 29 with axially
aligned holes through their trasnversely directed flanges for locating
the screw 16 which is passed into position through aligned holes in
the double fore end 19 The cheeks of the case side 17 and the cap side
30 of the lock are formed with locating holes 31 for the cylinder
bodies 10.
Each of these holes 31 has a semi circular lower end which engages and
conforms to the underside of the barrel portion of the cylinder body,
an upper portion which receives and conforms to the top and upper side
faces of the rib on the cylinder body 10, and an intermediate portion
which affords a clearance for the passage of the tongue or thrower 13
when this is centrally aligned with 70 the rib portion of the cylinder
body The transversely directed flanges of the angle brackets 28, 29
confront each other, the confronting faces being flush with the side
edges of the upper or rib-locating part of the hole 75 31 in the case
side 17, whilst any of the screw holes in the brackets 27, 28, 29 may
be tapped for the screw 16, though this is not necessary and they may
be merely clearance holes 80 After cutting the mortice in the closing
edge of the door and making the requisite hole through the thickness
of the door to accommodate the pin tumbler cylinders, the lock minus
the outer fore end plate and said 85 cylinders is inserted in the
mortice and secured by fixing screws through holes in the inner plate
of the fore end 19 The outer or face plate of the fore end can now be

fixed by screws to the inner plate of the fore end 90 19, and the
screw 16 can be entered through the hole provided for it in the double
fore end 19 and through the hole in the locating bracket 27 until the
leading end of said screw 16 enters but does not project from the hole
95 in the bracket 28 Having done this, the pin tumbler cylinders, with
the tongues or throwers 13 centrally aligned with the rib portions of
the bodies 10, are entered in turn, from opposite sides through the
holes in the 100 door and the holes 31 in the cheeks of the lock case,
so as to bring the extensions 14 into overlapping side-to-side
relationship between the confronting faces of the brackets 28, 29 and
with the holes 15 in register with 105 each other and with those in
the said brackets That cylinder 10 which has its extension 14 nearer
the fore end would be inserted first and the screw 16 partially
screwed into its tapped bole 15, whereupon the other 110 cylinder 10
is inserted and the screw 16 is screwed fully through both tapped
holes 15 into the hole in the bracket 29 and is tightened up to secure
the cylinders together and against withdrawal When so connected, the
115 end face of each extension 14 abuts the shoulder or step afforded
at the root end of the other extension so as to align the cylinder
bodies 10 correctly, said extensions 14 jointly constituting a bridge
between said 120 bodies and leaving a clearance or gap to accommodate
the movements of the tongues or throwers 13.
The extensions on the inner ends of the radial rib portions of the
cylinder bodies may 125 be provided or formed with complementary
longitudinally disposed and mutually locating and guiding means which
slidably engage as the cylinder bodies are being mounted Such locating
and guiding means 130 785,624 der bodies has on its inner end a
longitudinal extension which is disposed so as not to interfere with
the rotation of the tongue 45 or thrower on the associated plug and is
formed with a transverse tapped hole; that when the two separately
inserted cylinders are correctly positioned in the lock case their
longitudinal extensions lie close alongside 50 each other with their
tapped holes in register, and that said cylinders are secured together
and against withdrawal by a single fixing screw which extends through,
or is accessible through, the fore end of said case 55 and screws into
the registered tapped holes in the two overlapped extensions of said
bodies.
2 A double cylinder mortice lock as
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* GB785625 (A)
Description: GB785625 (A)
No title available
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
785,625 f i N Date of Application and filing Complete Specification:
July 21, 1955.
No 21095/55.
Application made in Germany on Aug 2, 1954.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 36, E 2; 38 ( 1), E( 3 E 4 A: 19); and 39
( 2), B 2 F.
International Classification:-CO 3 c H Oik H 02 f.
i COMPLETE IS Pi ECI Wl CATION Improvements in or relating to
Electrical Contact Members We, TELEFUNKEN G M B H, a company organised
under the flaws of Germany, of Sickingenastrasse 71, Berlin NW 87, do
hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be
granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
pariticularly described in and by the following statement: -
The present invention relates to electrical contact members and is
more particularly concerned with contact members in the form of pins
employed in electron discharge devices.
Contact members for example contact pins of electron discharge devices
for operation at high frequencies must in addition to their electrical

conducting properties also possess a mechanical strength for,their
intended purpose, for example they must be 'capable of being welded so
other metal conductors.
Furthermore such pins must retain their high electrical conductivity
after being subjected to high temperatures such as is encounted when
these pins are heat sealed to glass in the formation of the contact
making base of the device, i e they should not produce oxides or
sulphides which are detrimental to electrical conductivity.
It has already been proposed to employ copper plated iron-nickel wires
land nickel plated iron wires as contact pins of electron discharge
devices, to improve their high frequency conductivity, but these pins
suffer from the disadvantage that they become brittle when heat
treated as in the heat sealing through glass and are liable to break,
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved
contact member which satisfies the above requirements as to mechanical
strength and high frequency conductivity.
According to the invention there is provided an electrical contact
member comprisIng a metal, core and a surface layer of an alloy of
copper and cadmium or of copper, cadmiunm land tin wherein the said
alloy consists of copper with I-65 per cent cadmium r Price or from 1-
5 per cent each of cadmium and In applying the invention to the
formation of contact pins for heat sealing into glass and therefore
suitable for the production of contact making bases for electron
discharge devices, wire stock, comprising;a metal core, which is
capable of resisting mechanical stress such as iron or nickel is
provided with a surface layer in any convenient manner, such as by
plating of an alloy of 'copper and cadmium or an alloy of copper,
cadmium and tin which contains from 1-5 per cent cadmium or from 1 5
per cent of each cadmium and tin.
When the core metal is iron it is preferable to employ an iron which
has 'a low carbon content The individual contact pins are then formed
from this stock wire by the known method of rolling and separation By
employing a core metal of iron or of nickel the pins can easily be
welded to other metals by the use of the known forms of electrode
welding machines, Contact members produced in this manner are suitable
for heat sealing into soft glass and because of the nature of the core
material they maintain their mechanical stability i e.
they do not become brittle, furthermore, the good electrical
conductivity of the alloy coating is not impaired by this heat
treatment.
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* GB785626 (A)
Description: GB785626 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to the treatment of water
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:
BE545414 (A) CH340457 (A) NL92131 (C)
BE545414 (A) CH340457 (A) NL92131 (C) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
Inventor: BERNWARD GARRE 785,626 Date of Application and filing
Complete Specification March 29, 1956.
No 9961/56.
Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957.
Index at Acceptance: -Classes 1 ( 3), A 1 (D 37: G 47 D 37); 46, Bli
B, C; and 123 ( 1), D 2 B International Classification: -C Olf C 02 b
F 061.
Improvements in or relating to the Treatment of Water ERRATA S O
SPECIFICATION No 785,626:
Page 1, line 16, for " phasphates " read "phosphates" Page 1, line 82,

after "of" insert "from" Page 2, line 4, for " silic " read " silicic"
THE PATENT OFFICE, 12th December, 1957.
phosphates, the amount or piluzapu L solved by the water depending on
a number of factors, in particular the solubility of the phosphate,
the flow rate of the water being treated, and the grain size of the
phosphate.
A disadvantage which has been noticed in practice in connection with
the treatment of water with sparingly soluble phosphates, especially
when the water being treated has a German hardness of less than 80, is
that water so treated causes corrosion of metal pipes through which it
flows This corrosion is particularly noticeable with iron pipes, and
is a grave disadvantage attendant on the use of water treated with
sparingly soluble phosphates.
It has now been found that if from 0510 % of crystalline silicic acid,
based on the weight of the sparingly soluble phosphate, is
incorporated in the sparingly soluble phosphate, the disadvantage
above referred to is substantially reduced.
According to the invention, therefore, we provide a process for the
treatment of water which comprises treating water with a sparingly
soluble phosphate containing from 05% by weight of crystalline silicic
acid based on the weight of the sparingly soluble phosphate The
invention also comprises water lPrice 3 s 6 d l manner, provided that
the silicic acid in the final product is in crystalline form and is
within the range of from 05-10 % by weight, based on the weight of the
sparingly soluble phosphate.
Thus, for example, silicic acid which has been freshly precipitated by
any convenient method such as by the addition of acid to a solution of
an alkali metal silicate, may be mixed with a sparingly soluble
phosphate, such as calcium metaphosphate, and the mass fused, the
fused mass being cooled in such a manner that the silicic acid is
present in the resulting product in crystalline form.
As stated above the range of silicic acid, based on the weight of the
sparingly soluble phosphate, is from 05-10 % by weight; advantageously
it may be present in a range of 1.0-3 0 % Any suitable sparingly
soluble phosphate may be used but we particularly prefer to use
calcium meta-phosphate.
The concentration of sparingly soluble phosphate and silicic acid in
water treated according to the process of the present invention will
vary according to the flow rate of the water being treated and the
solubility and concentration of the sparingly soluble phosphate
containing silicic acid, these conditions being PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventor: BERNWARD GARRE 785,626 Date of Application and filing
Complete Specification March 29, 1956.
No 9961/56.

Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957.
Index at Acceptance: -Classes 1 ( 3), A 1 (D 37: G 47 D 37); 46, Bli
B, C; and 123 ( 1), D 2 B International Classification: -COI Lf C 02 b
F 061.
Improvements in or relating to the Treatment of Water -We, GEBRUDER
GIULINI G M B H, a Body Corporate organised under the Laws of Germany,
of Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany, do hereby declare the invention,
for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method
by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement: -
This invention is concerned with improvements in or relating to the
treatment of water, more particularly with the treatment of water with
sparingly soluble phosphates.
As is well known the hardness of water may be reduced by treating it
with sparingly soluble phosphates such as ortho meta or polyphasphates
In one method of treatment water is allowed to flow over the sparingly
soluble phosphates, the amount of phosphates dissolved by the water
depending on a number of factors, in particular the solubility of the
phosphate, the flow rate of the water being treated, and the grain
size of the phosphate.
A disadvantage which has been noticed in practice in connection with
the treatment of water with sparingly soluble phosphates, especially
when the water being treated has a German hardness of less than 8 , is
that water so treated causes corrosion of metal pipes through which it
flows This corrosion is particularly noticeable with iron pipes, and
is a grave disadvantage attendant on the use of water treated with
sparingly soluble phosphates, It has now been found that if from 0510
% of crystalline silicic acid, based on the weight of the sparingly
soluble phosphate, is incorporated in the sparingly soluble phosphate,
the disadvantage above referred to is substantially reduced.
According to the invention, therefore, we provide a process for the
treatment of water which comprises treating water with a sparingly
soluble phosphate containing from 05% by weight of crystalline silicic
acid based on the weight of the sparingly soluble phosphate The
invention also comprises water lPrice 3 s 6 d L treated by the process
according to the invention.
It is essential that the silicic acid present in the sparingly soluble
phosphates is in crystal 50 line form, as amorphous silicic acid does
not effect a reduction of the corrosive effect of water treated with
sparingly soluble phosphates referred to above Whether silicic acid is
in crystalline or amorphous form can readily 55 be determined by
taking a Debge-Scherrer Xray photograph of the material under
examination In the case of crystalline silicic acid clearly defined

lines due to silicon dioxide can be seen on the photograph, whilst in
the case 60 of amorphous silicic acid, no such lines are apparent.
The silicic acid may be incorporated in the sparingly soluble
phosphate in any convenient manner, provided that the silicic acid in
the 65 final product is in crystalline form and is within the range of
from 05-10 % by weight, based on the weight of the sparingly soluble
phosphate.
Thus, for example, silicic acid which has 70 been freshly precipitated
by any convenient method such as by the addition of acid to a solution
of an alkali metal silicate, may be mixed with a sparingly soluble
phosphate, such as calcium metaphosphate, and the mass 75 fused, the
fused mass being cooled in such a manner that the silicic acid is
present in the resulting product in crystalline form.
As stated above the range of silicic acid, based on the weight of the
sparingly soluble 80 phosphate, is from 05-10 % by weight;
advantageously it may be present in a range of 1.0-3 0 % Any suitable
sparingly soluble phosphate may be used but we particularly prefer to
use calcium meta-phosphate 85 The concentration of sparingly soluble
phosphate and silicic acid in water treated according to the process
of the present invention will vary according to the flow rate of the
water being treated and the solubility and con 90 centration of the
sparingly soluble phosphate containing silicic acid, these conditions
being 785,626 varied to give the required results In general, however,
the proportion of silicic acid present in the water will be of the
order of 0 01 mg.
of silic acid per litre of water, and that of the sparingly soluble
phosphate of the order of 2 mg per litre.
In order that the invention may be well understood the following
example is given by way of illustration only:EXAMPLE
To calcium metaphosphate was added 2 % of precipitated silicic acid,
based on the weight of the calcium metaphosphate The mixture was
heated to fusion and two samples taken from the melt The first sample
was slowly cooled whilst the second sample was rapidly chilled, the
latter yielding a clear transparent product on solidification the
former a product having a milky turbidity.
Debge photographs were taken of both the slowly cooled and rapidly
chilled products, the slowly cooled product showing well marked lines
due to silicon dioxide, the rapidly chilled product showing no such
lines The slowly cooled product therefore contains crystalline silicic
acid.
Both products were then subjected to comparative tests to determine
their action on articles made of iron Water streams of 100 litres each
were led over both types of sparingly soluble phosphates containing
silicic acid.

The water stream so treated was then allowed to flow through
Erlenmeyer flasks in which small iron plates of 50 mm length, 10 mm
breath and 1 mm thickness were hung After a period of 20 days the iron
plates were taken out, dried and weighed.
The plates which had hung in the flasks through which the water
containing the slowly cooled, sparingly soluble phosphate had flowed,
showed an increase in weight of 6 %, whereas the plates which had hung
in the flasks through which the water containing the rapidly chilled
phosphates was passed, had diminished their weight by 2 5 %.
This example shows that by treating the water with a product which
contains crystalline silicic acid, a protective film builds up on the
surface of the metal, whilst the water treated with a product
containing amorphous silicic acid strongly attacked the metal.
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* GB785627 (A)
Description: GB785627 (A) ? 1957-10-30
An assembly of parts for forming a member of a heat exchanger
785 627 ^ Date of Application and filing Complete Specification:
Aug19,1955.
No 23933/55.
Application made in United States of America on Sept 20, 1954.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 83 ( 2), A 158; and 83 ( 4), S( 2 B: 2 G:
4).
International Classification:-B 23 k, p.

An Assembly of Parts for Forming a Member of a Heat Exchanger We, THE,
AIR PREHEATER CORPORATION, a corporation organized and existing under
the laws of the State of New York, United States of America, located
at 60 East 42nd Street, New York, 17, 'State of New York, United
States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: The present invention relates to improvements in the
manufacture of plate type heat exchangers which are utilized in the
transmission of heat between two confined fluids and it relates
particularly to an improved; method of assembling heat exchanger
envelopes which have rows of undulated wires carried by channel
members wherein the wires are held in spaced upright relation between
metallic plates that form walls of a fluid passage by means of
preformed spacers, lying normal to the wires and channel members, and
constituted of the brazing material utilized to bond the wires and
channels to each other and to the plates.
Frequently, an apparatus for the transferof heat between two confined
fluids is made up of a plurality of metallic plates spaced apart to
form passages through alternate ones of which a relatively hot fluid
flows while air or other fluid to be heated traverses the intermediate
passages Commonly a series of envelope" components are provided, these
envelope components including parallel plates with the space
therebetween closed along one pair of opposite edges to laterally
limit opposite sides of the passage for the heating fluid.
The envelopes are mounted in spaced parallel relation to form passages
for the fluid to be heated and the inter-envelope spaces are similarly
closed along one pair of opposite sides.
Such spaced envelope components form 'a core that is usually enclosed
within a housing with which are associated inlet and outlet lPrice 3 s
6 d l manifolds and supply and discharge ducts for the two fluids.
To increase the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger, the
walls of the fluid passageways are frequently provided with fins
projecting into the path of the fluids and serving to increase the
conduction of heat to and through the walls that bound the passages.
The extended surface fins extending between walls may comprise
sinuously bent wires forming a continuous series of U-shaped loops
whose legs constitute pin-liike fins projecting from the walls
bounding the passage To promote efficient heat transfer through pins
and separating walls good bonds must be provided between each element
such as afforded by brazing or welding and each heat exchange element
must be spaced 'according to a predetermined' pattern to provide the
surface necessary for the transmission of heat and the distribution of

fluid flow.
The present invention consists of an assembly of pants for forming a
member of a heat exchanger including a passage wall defining a side of
a fluid passageway, said passage wall comprising a metallic plate
having a plurality of elongated members spaced' apart in parallel
relationship and mounted longitudinally along a face of said plate to
provide extended surface on one side thereof, characterized in that a
preformed piece of brazing material, lies normal to:said elongated
members and is interconnected therewith so as to provide a positioning
element at low temperatures, for maintaining the elongated members
laterally spaced in an upright position, while at elevated
temperatures said positioning element is melted and is drawn by
capillarity into the interstices between abutting elements.
In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a heat
exchanger envelope component having a walli broken away to show a
particular form of fusible wire element positioning means.
Figure 2 is a similar perspective view showSO ing a slightly different
form of wire positioning means.
Figure 3 is a similar perspective view showing a form of tubular wire
element positioning means.
Figures 4 and 5 schematically illustrate cross-sectional views of
metallic tubing to be used in connection with the positioning means of
Figure 3.
Figure 6 is a perspective view of a wall of a heat exchanger having
extended surface fins spaced apart by a form of fusible positioning
means; and Figure 7 illustrates a cross section of the positioning
means of Figure 6.
In a preferred form of this invention, the heat exchangers are made up
from a plurality of separate envelope components each comprising
metallic plates 11 and 12 spaced apart to form a passageway 13
itherebetween while the spaces outside the walls and located between
adjacent envelope components of a completed heat exchanger form
passages for the other fluid To provide extended surface in the
passageway 13 a plurality of fin elements are mounted between the
inner surfaces of the walls 11 and 12 in the form of wires 14
sinuously bent to form U-shaped loops extending back and forth so the
leg portions thereof constitute pin-like fins 15 extendingbetween the
walls To facilitate bonding these sinuous elements ito the passage
walls 11 and 12, channel members 16 are fitted over and along the yoke
portions These channel members provide increased surface for brazing
and they also serve as stiffening members which increase the overall
strength -of the envelope to enable it to withstand relatively high
differentials of pressure.
In bonding the wall plates 11 and 12 together with the sinuous wire

members 14 and the channel members 16 into an integral unit, a process
of furnace brazing has proved most satisfactory since by such a
process, the constituent elements are permanently placed in a mutually
good heat transfer relationship and the entire assembling operation
may be speedily performed with a minimum of handling The individual
devices of this invention incorporate the use of permanent wire
positioning channels 16 together with disposable non-permanent
positioners formed from brazing material which, upon being heated to
the brazing temperature, are reduced to a liquid state and
subsequently flow into the spaces between elements thus eliminating
any obstruction to fluid flow as well as adding their content to the
brazing material initially placed between all surfaces which are to be
bonded together.
In the drawing, Figure 1 illustrates a type of heat exchanger envelope
comprising a pair of plates 11 and 12 separated by parallel rows of
sinuously bent wires 14 forming a continuous series of U-shaped loops
whose legs comprise pins 15 extending from plate 11 to plate 12 In
this arrangement a series of single channel members 16 are fitted over
and along the wire loops to provide rigidity to the sinuous wires
while a positioning means 17, lying 70 normal to the wires 14 and
channel members 16 serves to maintain the sinuous strips evenly spaced
and in an upright position.
Since the positioning device 17 is formed from a brazing medium, it
will completely 75 melt 'when the assembled envelope is raised to a
brazing temperature and the resulting quantity of molten brazing metal
will be drawn by a process of capillarity into the spaces between
abutting envelope members, and when 80 cooled will become an integral
portion of the brazed joints in the envelope assembly.
The positioning devices 17 of Figure 1 structurally comprise metallic
strips of copper or other brazing material having parallel longi 85
tudinal flanges 1 S at opposite edges thereof and parallel openings 20
extending in an unbroken row therebetween The openings 20 are
separated a distance equal to a predetermined spacing desired' between
the sinuous 90 wire strips 14 and are of a size permitting entrance of
the sinuous wire strips and their oppositely disposed aligning
channels 16 As illustrated in Figure 1, the openings 20 may be punched
or pierced in such a manner 95 that a tab 22 extends from one side to
add vertical stability to the positioning member and when assembled
together with a plurality of sinuous wire strips, each tab exerts a
slight side pressure on the wire 14 and channels 16 100 thereby adding
a degree of rigidness to the assembly Under certain conditions
however, it may be desirable to punch the strip 17 so that the tabs 22
are entirely removed causing the sinuous wire strips to be somewhat
less 105 tightly held in position.

In assembling a heat exchanger envelope according to the disclosure of
Figure 1, the envelope plate 12 is first supported in a horizontal
plane and a sheet or quantity of braz 110 ing material 19 sufficient
to substantially cover the plate with a predetermined thickness of
material is placed upon the upper surface thereof An assembly or
matrix of sinuous wires and their cooperating channels 16 115 spaced
apart by positioning devices 17 is mounted on these elements and a
second sheet or quantity of brazing material is supported upon the
spaced vweb portions of the upper channels 16 Subsequently a top plate
11 is 120 superposed over the incomplete assembly and placed in
alignment with the lower plate 12.
Additional quantities or strips of brazing material are used as liners
for each channel 16 so that when the entire assembly is heated 125 to
a brazing temperature the wire loops will be positively brazed to the
channels and the channels will in turn be brazed to the plates with a
plentiful supply of brazing material at the precise point of usage 130
785,627 through aligned, openings in the series of sinuous wires, the
tubing may be expanded so as to 'be deformed at 39 around each wire or
other surrounding unit thereby binding itself and the surrounding
units into a fixed relation 70 ship.
In Figure 6 another modification shows a plate 11 having parallel rows
of channel members 41 spaced along a face thereof These channels 41
may form extended surfaces on 75 the outer faces of plates 11, 12 In
this showing metallic strips 40 have been formed into positioning
clips which engage adjacent channels and maintain them positively
spaced until the brazing operation is complete Each 80 metallic strip
40 has a base portion 40 A lying in a single plane and evenly spaced
offset portions 40 B interrupting said base portion and lying removed,
from the plane thereof As with the other formst of the invention, a
sheet or 85 quantity of 'brazing material 19 is placed upon the wall
plate 11 to supply brazing medium at the exaot point of usage The
strips 40 are formed from a 'brazing material so when heated to a
brazing temperature, they melt and flow 90 into the interstices
between abutting channels and plates and upon cooling will become an
integral part of the composite structural assembly.
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