biomolecule

1. MERRIE ANNE P.BAGSIC
SCIENCE TEACHER

2. 2
3
4
5
1

3. PICTURE ANALYSIS
CARBOHYDRATE

4. PICTURE ANALYSIS
PROTEIN

5. PICTURE ANALYSIS
LIPIDS

6. PICTURE ANALYSIS
NUCLEIC ACID

7. BIOMOLECULES
Objectives:
1.Recognize the major categories of
biomolecules such as carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins and nucleic acids;
2.Differentiate the biomolecules from
each other in terms of their structure and
function.

10. carbohydrates Nucleic acids
lipids
proteins
1.
2.
3.
4.

11. What are
BIOMOLECULES?
 Organic compounds made by
living things
 Compounds essential to life
 Also called biochemicals
 Some are very large - polymers

12. FOUR CATEGORIES OF
BIOMOLECULES
■CARBOHYDRATES
■LIPIDS
■PROTEINS
■NUCLEIC ACIDS

13. • The simplest biomolecules
• The word carbohydrate literally
means “HYDRATES OF CARBON”
(CH2O)n
• Contain 3 elements:
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)

14. provide energy and regulation of
blood glucose.
 prevents the breakdown of protein
for energy.
Part of structural material of plants.
Carbohydrates also help with fat
metabolism. If the body has
enough energy for its immediate
needs, it stores extra energy as fat.

15. Breakingdown into microscopic
molecules
Loaf of
bread
Bread
crumbs
Polysaccharid
e
Disaccharid
e
Monosacchari
de

16. MONOSACCHARIDES
(mono-“one” sacchar- “sugar ”)
■simple sugars and monomers of
carbohydrates
■have a formula of (CH2O)n, and they
typically contain three to seven carbon
atoms.
Monosacchari
de

17. EXAMPLES OF
MONOSACCHARIDES
■GLUCOSE
■GALACTOSE
■FRUCTOSE

18. DISACCHARIDES
■form when two
monosaccharides undergo
a condensation reaction

19. EXAMPLES OF
DISACCHARIDES
■MALTOS
E
■LACTOS
E
■SUCROS
E

20. POLYSACCHARIDES
■A long chain of
monosaccharides linked
by glycosidic bonds.

21. EXAMPLES OF
POLYSACCHARIDES
■ STARCH
■GLYCOGEN
■CELLULOSE

22. ACTIVITY 2. Carbohydrates
1. What is the primary function of
carbohydrates?
2. What are the elements that make up
carbohydrates?
1. What are the building blocks of
carbohydrates?
2. What simple sugar is present in fruits?
3. What carbohydrate is composed of two
simple sugars (monosaccharides) linked by
a glycosidic bond?
4. What disaccharide will form after the

23. 7. What way of representing carbohydrates is
shown in figure 1?
For items 8 – 10, identify whether the following is
monosaccharide, disaccharide, or
polysaccharide.
7. Maltose
8. Starch
10.Galactose
Figure
1

24. ACTIVITY 2. Carbohydrates

25. Figure
1

27. • A class of biological molecules
defined by low solubility in water
• The word lipid is derived from a
greek word “lipos” which means FAT
• Contain 3 elements:
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)

28. • Chemical messengers
• Storage and provision of energy
• Maintenance of temperature
• Membrane lipid layer formation
• Cholesterol formation
• The "fat-soluble" vitamins
LIPIDS FUNCTIONS

30. CLASSIFICATION OF
LIPIDS
■Fats and Oils
■Waxes
■Phospholipid
s
■Steroids
■Prostaglandi
ns

31. Fats and
Oils
■These are the most abundant of
the lipid compounds.
■Triglycerides or triacylglycerols
– made up of a glycerol and 3
fatty acids

32. ■Lipids that are harder and
less greasy compared to
fats.
■Have high melting point at
solid at room temperature.

33. • Form part of the structure of the
cell membrane
• Important in the transport of
lipids
in the body
• Made up of a glycerol,
phosphate group and two fatty
acids

34. • Also called sterols
• hydrophobic and
insoluble in water
• Example
s:
• Cholesterol
• Estrogen
• Testosteron
e

35.  Biochemically synthesized from the
fatty acid, arachidonic acid
 Produce fevers and inflammatory reactions
 Functions:
 Stimulate constriction of damaged blood
vessels
 Induce labor and reproductive
processes
 Increase blood flow in kidneys
FATS
OILS

36.  Also known as POLYPEPTIDES
 Contain the following elements:
 Carbon
 Oxygen
 Hydrogen
 Nitrogen

37. Immunoglobul
in
G (IgG)
Enzymes carry
out almost all
of the
thousands of
chemical
reactions that
take place in
Phenylalanine
hy
droxylase

38.  Also called as
POLYNUCLEOTIDES
 Large molecules used by
living organisms for the
storage and transmission
of genetic information.
 Made of:
 Carbon
 Hydrogen
 Phosphorus
 Oxygen
 Nitrogen

39. CLASSIFICATION OF NUCLEIC
ACIDS

40.  to create, encode, and
store biological
information in cells, and
serve to transmit and
express that information
inside and outside the
nucleus.

41. What will happen if we take too much
or too little supply of glucose?

42. ASSESSMENT
 Identify the words inside the box and place it to the categories of biomolecules where it
belongs such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acid
Oils Glycogen Fatty acids Steroids
DNA Enzymes Starch
Glucose Amino acids Cellulose

43. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acid
Starch Oils Amino Acids DNA
Glucose Fatty Acids Enzymes
Glycogen
Cellulose
Steroids

44. List the food that you will going to eat when you
at home and identify it whether it contains
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Send your
answers online via messenger or email.