This document describes an adjustable injection syringe designed to accommodate ampoules of different lengths but the same diameter. It has a plunger rod with means to positively engage ampoule plungers, and adjustable stop means to limit the rod's movement for shorter ampoules. The stop can be adjusted to one position for a 1cc ampoule, preventing the plunger from being pulled out, and another position for a 2cc ampoule, allowing full withdrawal of the plunger. Alternative embodiments with modified stop mechanisms are also described.

1. * GB785583 (A)
Description: GB785583 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Improvements in or relating to an injection syringe
Description of GB785583 (A)
COivltLETE SPECIFICATION i prozeelents in or relating to an Inection
Syringe
We > AMERICAN tiOME PRODUCTS CORPORA
TION, a Corporation organised and existing under use Laws of the State
of Delaware, United States of America, ot 22, least 40th street, in
the City, County ana State ot islew xoriz, united States of America
(Assignee of
Morris Daun and John J. s;ecerson), do heresy declare the invention,
for which we pray that a extent may oe granted to us, and the method
by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the ioliorw- mg statement:
This invention concerns an injection syringe which is adjustable to
receive a plurality of ampoules or cartridge-needle units or different
capacities, e.g. of 1 and 2 cc. capacity or fractions thereof
respectively.
The conventional metal syringe body adapted to be used with a one-shot
ampoule or cartridge-needle unit is designed to receive and be used
with an ampoule of one size only.
The versatility of such a syringe can be advantageously increased by
designing it to accommodate ampoules of two or more different
capacities.
It is an object of this invention to provide such a syringe having
simple and effective means for adjusting it to be used with ampoules
of different capacities.
Ampoules may vary in capacity by varying in diameter or in length. If
they vary in diameter, difficulty is experienced in providing simple
means for holding all sizes rigidly centred in the syringe body.
Accordingly the present syringe is designed to be used with ampoules
of uniform diameter and varying length. If ampoules of different
lengths are used in one syringe, means must be provided to prevent the

2. plunger being inadvertently withdrawn from the shorter ampoules. This
prevents not only drug losses, but also possibility of contamination.
The present invention incorporates such means.
The syringes of this invention may be adapted for use with a separate
ampoule and injection needle or, preferably, with a cartridge-needle
unit comprising a drug-filled ampoule wih an attached shielded needle
as disclosed in United Kingdom Patent Specification No. 754,835.
According to the present invention an adjustable injection syringe
adapted to receive and De used with ampoules ot different lengths but
of the same diameter has a plunger or push rod with means for
positively engaging the plunger of an ampoule, and has exteriorly
adjustable stop means adapted in one position to engage the push rod
and limit its movemenr towards the proximal end of the syringe and
adapted in another position to permit free passage of the push rod.
The invention will be described further by way of example, with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view, partly cut away, oi one construction of
our syringe containing a cartridge-needle unit;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a cross-section on line 3-3 of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a cross-section on line 44 of
Fig. 2;
Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are views, partly in section, or a syringe having a
modified stop;
Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a syringe, designed for use with
ampoules which are not threaded into the syringe barrel;
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of a syringe designed for use
with ampoules d three different sizes, and
Fig. 10 is a sectional view on line 10-10 of Fig. 9.
In the drawings the numeral 1 indicates the barrel of a syringe body
containing a cartridge-needle unit 2. The latter consists of an
ampoule 3 having affixed in its distal end a sheathed injection needle
4, as illustrated in
Fig. 3 of Specification No. 754,835. The capacity of the ampoule 3 as
illustrated in
Figs. 1 and 2 is 1 cc. The barrel 1 of the syringe is extended
proximally at 5 to accommodate an ampoule 6 of 2 cc. capacity as
illustrated in Fig. 7. Barrel 1 is provided on both sides with windows
or apertures 7 and 8 to facilitate manipulation of ampoules while
loading the syringe and to permit viewing of aspirated blood when
necessary.
The barrel 1 is provided at its proximal end with a head 9 hinged on
pivots 10 and 10', permitting the head to be swung aside for loading
the syringe. The head 9 has an internal cylindrical bore 11 in which

3. is slidably mounted a sleeve 12 provided midway of its length with an
internal flange 13; in the position shown in Fig. 2 this sleeve is
received in the proximal end 14 of the barrel 1. The head 9 is closed
at its proximal end by a wall 15 pierced by an axial hole 16. Two
opposed slots 17 and 171 are provided in the side wall of head 9 near
wall 15.
A plunger rod 18 passing through the hole 16 in the head 9 is slidably
mounted axially in the syringe barrel 1. At its distal end the rod 18
is provided with a flange 19 of a diameter sufficiently small to enter
ampoule 3, and has a short internally threaded axial bore 20 adapted
to mate with the threaded insert usually provided in the ampoule
plunger. At its proximal end the rod 18 is provided with a thumb piece
21 cooperating with finger pieces 22 and 22l attached to the head 9 to
resist opposing pressure of thumb and fingers of the user during
injection.
In the form of construction illustrated in
Figs. 1 to 4, the rod 18 is of larger diameter 23 throughout its
distal portion and of smaller diameter 24 throughout its proxima
portrv,g, except that near the thumb piece 21 it may be gradually
enlarged at 231 by a taper 24l to the same diameter as at 23, as shown
in Fig.
2; the meeting of the two portions of different diameter near the
middle of the rod is defined by a shoulder 25. An adjustable locking
slide or stop 26 is slidably mounted in slots 17 and 171, the slide
having an aperture 27 through which the rod 1g passes. One portion of
the aperture 27 is large enough to permit the large part (23) of rod
18 to pass; the other portion of the aperture 28 is of only sufficient
size to permit passage of the smaller part (24) of the rod. A helical
compression spring 29 surrounds the plunger rod within the head 9, one
end bearing on the flange 13 of the sleeve 12, and the other on a
brass cup washer 15l which in turn bears on adjustable slide 26. This
spring has a double function; it maintains sleeve 12 in the bore of
the proximal end 14 of barrel 1 when the syringe is prepared for
injection but permits withdrawal of the sleeve to permit swinging the
head aside for loading, and it forces the brass cup 15l against the
slide 26 thus holding the slide friction-tight against the sides of
the slots 17 and 171. Small protruberances 30 and 30' may be provided
on the slide 26 to engage with the edge regions of head 9 bounding the
slots 17 and 17l and thus to aid in retaining die slide, in the
posidon in which the aperture engages the iarger diameter part 23 of
the rod 18 or as shown, that in which it engages the smaller diameter
part 24 of this rod.
The operation of the syringe illustrated in
Figs. 1 to 4 is as follows: If the user wishes to give a lcc.

4. invention ha sides the ajjusi- able slide or stop 26 so that the 2 cc.
indicium 31 is exposed, thus permitting the large portion (23) of the
rod 18 to be withdrawn through the opening 27 in the slide 26. By
withdrawal of the rod until the flange 19 acting on the flange 13
compresses the spring 29 so that the sleeve 12 is drawn free of the
end 14 of the barrel 1, the user may swing the head 9 aside and load
the syringe with a 1 cc.
cartridge. The needle is formed with a threaded hub 38 engaging a
threaded opening 9 in the barrel and -x i-,h an extension which
penetrates the hub 38, which acts as a stopper in the end of the
ampoule. Through aperture 7 the hub 38 is screwed home into the
opening 39. After engaging the threaded bore 20 vvith the ampoule
plunger, the user shifts the slide 26 to expose the 1 cc. indicium 32
so that the narrow portion 24 of the rod 18 passes through the
restricted part of the opening 28 of the slide 26. The user may then
remove the needle sleeve. insert the needle in the patient and
aspirate a small amount of tissue fluid to determine whether or not a
blood vessel has been entered. During aspiration and general handling
of the syringe, the shoulder 25 on the rod 18 preverics inadvertent
withdrawal of the plunger from the 1 cc.
ampoule, the shoulder being so located that it will engage the slide
26 before the plunger is pulled free. On completion of the injection,
the entrance of the taper 241 and the enlargement 23' of the rod 18
into the aperture of the slide 26 forces the latter into the position
exposing the 2 cc. indicium. This prepares the syringe for
unloading-tue reverse of the loading operation described above.
If the user wishes to use a 2 cc. ampoule, he proceeds as above
described through the step of loading and closing the syringe, but
thereafter leaves the 2 cc. indicium on the slide exposed. In fact he
cannot shift the slide since the large part (23) of the rod 18 passes
through the enlarged opening 27 of tue slide 26. With a 2 cc.
cartridge filling the entice barrel of the syringe there is no risk of
inadvertently pulling the ampoule plunger out of the ampoule.
Figs. 5 to 7 illustrate a modified form of syringe operating on the
same principle as that shown in Figs. 1 to 3 and 8, but having a
different form of stop. In Figs. 5 to 7, elements identical with those
already described are designated by the same reference numerals, while
those that are analogous but somewhat different in form are designated
by reference numerals increased by 100.
similarly analogous but different parts in Figs.
S and 9 are indicated by reference numerals increased by 200 and 300
respectively.
The syringe illustrated in Fig. 5 has a barrel 101 having windows 107
and 108 in its sides.

5. A head 109, pivoted on the barrel at 10 and 10l is the same in form as
the head 9 except that it lacks the slots 17 and 17'. A spring 129 is
longer. than the spring 29 and its proximal end bears directly on an
end wall 115 of the head 109.
A slot 117 is provided in the side of the barrel 101. A leaf spring
126 is attached to the barrel adjacent the slot by a rivet 33. Th
spring 126 is biased outwardly so that normally it lies parallel to
the barrel as shown in
Fig. 7. A slide 34 is mounted on the barrel 101 by means of two studs
35 passing through slots 36 in the slide. A rectangular opening 40 is
formed in the middle of the slide 34 of sufficient width and length to
permit the spring 126 to lie outside of the bore of the barrel when
slide 36 is moved to the left, as shown in Fig. 7, but sufficiently
short to depress the spring 126 into the barrel bore when the slide 34
is moved to the right, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. When the spring 126
is forced into the barrel by the slide 34, it acts as a fixed stop to
limit movement of the flange 19 when the rod 118 is retracted. The
position of the spring and slide longitudinally of the barrel is such
that, when the syringe is used with a 1 cc. ampoule and the spring 126
is depressed, accidental withdrawal of the ampoule plunger is
prevented.
The method of use 6f this modification with 1 cc. and 2 cc. ampoules
is analogous to that of tlie previously described form of
construction, due consideration being given to the difference in
construction of the stop.
The previously described embodiments of the invention are designed for
use with cartridge-needle units which may be firmly secured in the
syringe barrel by means of the threaded needle hub which mates with
the threaded hole in the distal end of the barrel and which is crimped
firmly on the ampoule as described in the aforementioned Specification
No. 754,835. By a simple modification of the stop, illustrated in Fig.
8, the syringe may be adapted for use with conventional separate
needles and ampoules. In this case provision must be made for avoiding
retraction of the ampoule as well as accidental withdrawal of the
plunger.
In Fig. 8 a conventional double pointed needle 204 with a threaded hub
241 is screwed into the distal end of a barrel 201 at 39. A
conventional 1 cc. ampoule 203 is then placed in the barrel and forced
forward by finger pressure through the windows 207 until the needle
pierces a stopper 238. In order to introduce the ampoule, a thumb
screw 234, mounted in a bracket 235 riveted to the barrel 201 at 233,
is unscrewed, permitting an outwardly biased spring 226 to retract
from the barrel through a slot 217. The distal end of the spring 226
is formed with two projections 242 and 243, the former of which

6. engages a flange 219 ot the plunger rod 218 and the latter the
proximal end of the ampoule 203
when the rod 218 is retracted.
The method of use of this syringe is obvious from the previous
descriptions.
Finally Pig. 9 illustrates a syringe designed tG hold ampoules oi.
three sizes, e.g. ().5 cc., I cc. and 2 cc. The barrel 1 has the same
form
as shan in: Figs. 1 and 2; in Fig. 9 it is
shown containing a 2 cc. ampoule 6. The plunger rod 318, head 309 and
stop or slide 326 are however of different form. The rod 318 has
segments of three different diameters, that at the distal end 323
being largest and that at the proximal end 324 being smallest; the
middle portion 324l has an intermediate diameter. Shoulders 325 and
3251 define the meeting of the segments. The rod 318 passes through a
stop 326 mounted in slots 317 and 317l (Fig. 10) in the head 309; the
stop is pressed against the proximal edges of the slots by spring 29,
and is retained by a pin 335 passmg through a slot 336. 1 he opening
in the stop 326 is of a modified clover-leat shape, having three lobes
of different diameters; the largest jZ7 permits passage of the rod
segment 323, the smallest 328 permits passage only of the rod segment
324, and the intermediate lobe 32bl permits the intermediate segment
324l but not tue largest segment 323 to pass. It will be noted that
the slot 317 is wider than 317l so that stop 326 may be both slid and
swung on a pin 335, thus bringing any desired lobe of the opening into
alignment with the rod 318. The longitudinal positions of shoulders
3251 and 325 correspond to the lengths of 0.5 cc. and 1 cc ampoules
respectively.
The method of use of this syringe should be clear from the description
of the use of the syringe of Figs. 1 to 4.
In the description and claims the term "distal" indicates a direction
towards the needle end of the, syringe, and "proximal" the opposite
direction.
What we claim is:
1. An adjustable injection syringe adapted to receive and be used with
ampoules of different lengths but of the same diameter having a
plunger or push rod with means for positively engaging the plunger of
an ampoule, and having exteriorly adjustable stop means adapted in one
position to engage the push rod and limit its movement towards the
proximal end of the syringe and adapted in another position to permit
free passage of the push rod.
2. An adjustable injection syringe adapted to
be used with ampoules of different lengths but 'of the same diameter,
the ampoules being provided with a plunger having means for positive

7. attachment to the plunger or push rod of the syringe, said syringe
comprising a barrel, an opening at the distal end of the barrel, means
* GB785584 (A)
Description: GB785584 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Means for cooling or heating of goods
Description of GB785584 (A)
GOPLETE SPECIFICAI5ION
Means for Cooling or Heating of Goods
We, SANDVIKENS JERNVERICS AKTIEBOLAG a Swedish Company, of Sandviken,
Sweden, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly idescribed! in and by the following
statement: -
This invention relates to means. for the cooling or heating of goods,
said means being of the kind comprising an endless heat-conducting
conveyor belt, preferably of thin metal, beneath one or each strand of
which is disposed a tank trough or 'like container filled on adapted
to be filled with a cooling or heating liquid up to the underside of
the belt, so that the said belt travels in direct contact with the
liquid, the latter being supplied to the container under pressure and
overflowing laterally beneath the underside of the belt adjacent the
edges thereof. An example of such cooling and heating means is
described in British patent Specification No. 570,827.
In the aforesaid known cooling and heating means, the strand of the
belt has been supported upon longitudinal slide bars of metal carried
by the sides of the container, the liquid overflowing laterally
between said slide bars and the underside of the belt under the
influence of the positive pressure applied to the liquid. Such known
means' have proved to be generally suitable for their purpose, but
with very heavy loads they have had certain limitations in practice.
Thus, the supports for the belt, including transverse supports at the
ends of the liquid container, have tended to wear and form sharp edges
which can cause damage to the belt Also, as is well-known, a steel

8. belt is somletimes. not quite even, and therefore the liquid will, in
such a case, have an unequal discharge along the length of the belt,
so that cooling or heating inefficiency results.
The object of the present invention, is in cooling or heating means of
the kind referred to, to obviate the disadvantages. mentioned
mentioned above.
According to the invention, in cooling or heating means of the kind
referred to, the conveyor belt rests on supporting means located
within the liquid container, and adjacent the longitudinal edges of
the said container are flexible resilient strips 'co-operating with
the underside of the belt and arranged to permit of lateral discharge
of the liquid Ibetween said strips and the belt under the influence of
positive pressure applie.dt to the liquid.
The said resilient strips may also be applied to or adjacent the
transverse end edges of the container, so as to extend transversely
beneath the belt.
The strips may be carried by ithe side walls of the container and may
be clamped thereto.
The supporting means within the container may consist of rollers or
wheels mounted on a transverse shait
The liquid may be supplied to the container though one or more feed
tubes of which at least one is directed so as to deliver liquid in a
direction parallel with the bottom of the container or downward
towards. the boitirm. The feed tube or each tube may be directed so as
to deliver the liquid against that transverse end wall, over which the
belt passes first.. The feed may be effected by means of one or more
longitudinal tubes lying along the bottom of the container and having
a series of discharge holes directed substan tally parallel with. the
bottom of the container and/or downwards towards the, bottom.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings shows a crossection through the
apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of the invention...
Figure 2 is a fragmentary sectional view on a larger scale through the
upper portion of one side of the tank, showing the flexible strip
which forms the feature of the present invention..
Figure 3 is a plan view of the apparatus with a portion of the belt
broken away and with a different form of water feed indicated.
figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view through the overflow
channel, showing the tank in side elevation and without the belt,
Figure 5 represents an underside view of
a modified form of water feed device.
Referring to Figures 1 to 4 of the said drawings, the apparatus
comprises a tank or like container 11 supplied with liquid (such as
water) under pressure for cooling or heating purposes, the liquid, in
the first case (cool ing), being at a lower temperature and in the

9. second case (heating), being at a higher temperature than the
transported goods carried on a thin endless conveyor belt 12 composed
of heat-conducting material, such as metal, and travelling in the
direction of the arrow marked on Figure 3 This belt is shown in
Figures
1, 2 and 3!, being partly broken away in
Figure 3 and being entirely omitted in Figure 4. Its underside is in
contact with the liquid in the tank and rests on supporting means
located within the tank, namely, as shown, upon rollers or wheels 13
mounted upon transverse shafts supported by brackets; or horizontal
rails in the upper part of the tank could be employed as the
supporting means.
Figure 3 indicates the position of a number of these roller supporting
means spaced along the length of the tank, and it also indicates a
similar supporting device which supports the belt in advance of the
tank or bettseen two tanks..
On suitable supporting means, such as the side walls 14 of tfre tank
11 in the example illustrated, are mounted resilient strips 15, which
may be of rubber or rubber-like material, or they may be of thin
steel. These strips, may, as shown, be fastened to the wall 14 of the
tank by means of clamping plates 1S, sectired by bolts, so that the
top edges of the strips project above the tank wails and make contact
with the underside of the belt 12. Such strips may also be applied to
the transverse end walls of the tank so as to extend transversely of
the belt in contact therewith.
The tank 11 may be manufactured in any welIwknown manner with the
object that rite liquid therein shall be in contact with the underside
of the belt At each side of the tank, in the example illustrated) is
an overflow channel 19 into which the liquid overflows, under the
pressure applied to it, from the tank by passing beflveen the
underside of the belt and the list or strip 15, as is indicated in
Figures 1 and 2.
The flexible strips 15 may be supported
otherwise than by the tank, so long as they contact the underside of
the belt and normally close the overflow opening between the tank and
the belt. The flexible upper edges of the said strips 15 may make
contact with the belt at any angle between 0" and 90C to the vertical.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:
The goods. that are to be cooled are transported on the belt 12 in the
direction of the
length of the tank 11 to which liquid cooling medium is supplied under
pressure. The cooling is effected by 'the transfer of heat from the
goods, through the belt and to the cooling liquid which is arranged,
by the arrangement of its feeding and discharge means, to flow or

10. circulate through the tank. The liquid overflows from 'the tank
-between the underside of the belt 12 and the flexible strips 15, the
upper edges of the latter flexing outwards as the water passes
bessveen the parts, so that a thin film of water prevents direot
contact between said strips and the belt while the apparatus is in
operation. If, however, this film of water should disappear, as, for
example, by reason of an abnormal temporary overload, the contact that
results between the belt and the strips will not cause any damage
owing to the elasticity of the latter.
From the overflow channels 19 the water may either be run to waste or
returned to the tank such as by means of a pump.
During the cooling operation the goods are, as above described, moved
over .the length of the tank so as to be progressively cooled; and if
greater cooling is needed the belt may travel over two or more tanks
arranged in series. In some cases the temperature of the liquid in a
series of tanks may be different in successive tanks, suitable for
progressive cooling or heating at a belt-travel speed suitable for the
character of the goods..
For heating 'the goods the transfer of heat takes place, of course, in
the reverse direction to that for cooling, namely from a hot liquid
through the belt and to the goods, but this does nct involve any
constructional difference in the apparatus.
With goods having a high liquid content, such as gelatine, there may
be provided at the sides of tha belt, as described in British
specification No. 57O,827. suitable retaining devices, such as
flanges, bands, chains or the like, either separate from or attached
to the belt.
The upper edge portions of the strips 15 may be of various
cross-sectional forms. Thus.
instead of being of uniform thickness as shown in the drawings, they
may have circular solid or hollow beadings, or may be notched, or may
be permanently shaped to curve or incline outwards towards the
overflow channels.
Or, with tanks of a shape other than rectangular, the disposition of
the strips 15 may vary according to the shape of the tank, and they
may accordingly be disposed longitudinally obliquely or in a curved
form in plan.
The feeding of the liquid into the tank may take place as sholvn in
Figure 1, by means of a single perforated tube 25 the holes in which
may direct the water downwards directly towards the bottom of the
tank, or obliquely upwards and/or downwards, or in a direction
parallel to the bottom of the tank. Or, as shown in Figures 3 and 4,
the feed may be by means of a spray tube 20 having a curved upper
outlet end which directs the liquid in a direction parallel to the

11. bottom, of the tank.
The purpose of the outflow direction describes above is to iolbtain a
turbulent liquid current in the tank in order to obtain a uniform and
effective heating or cooling, thereby necessitating a smaller quantity
of liquid and reducing the risk of deformation of the belt 'and
unsuitable temperature differences of rhe 'goods being treated In
Figure 3, the spray tube 20 is directed against the end wail 17 of the
tank in order to obtain suitable directions of .current flow, but this
direction is only one of many other possible dispositions of the inlet
tube. Said tube 20, is, in Figure 3, also placed adjacent to that end
wall of the tank which is the first end wail over which the belt
passes in its longitudinal travel, in order to obtain uniform heating
or cooling. Further, in
Figure 3 is shown also a discharge tube 22 in the bottom lof the tank,
this being used when the tank is to 'be emptied. For heating
purposes,. the liquid sed may be water at a temperature of 80 to 90 C.
In Figure 5 is shown an alternative form of liquid feed device which
in certain cases may be advantageous (only the tube is shown).
Along the tank extends perforated tube branches 24 of bifurcated form,
fed with liquid from a common inlet tube 23. The branches are provided
with a series. of discharge openings directed either downwards or
parallel; with the bottom iof the tank.. The same tank may be provided
with a number of these inlet fittings. The purpose of the horizontal
or downward direction of the openings is here, as in the
previously-described arrangement, to obtain a turbulent liquid stream.
The openings should not be very small, as this would result in an
undue loss in pressure which would involve The need of a large
circulation pump.
The delivery of the goods on to the belt may take place in any
convenient manner, for instance, jn the manner described in the
British Specification No 57O,827. Thus there may be an inclined
delivery chute or flanged plate, with means for spraying the goods.
It is to be understood that the term " goods" used in this
specification and in the claims is intended to include within its
scope any articles or any material, including plastic, fluid and other
substances, such as substances' that are capable of being solidified
or crystailised by the abstraction of heat therefrom, and any material
to be dried or which requires to have its temperature raised in the
course of treatment.
What we clan is: -
1. Means of the kind referred to for cool ing or heating goods,
wherein the conveyor belt rests on supporting means located within the
liquid container, and flexible resilient strips are provided adjacent
the longitudinal edges of the container, said strips co-operating with

12. the underside of the belt and being arranged to permit iof lateral
discharge of withe liquid between said strips and the belt under the
influence of positive pressure applied to the liquid.
2. Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in claim 1, wherein
resilient strips co-.operating with the underside of the belt are also
provided adjacent the transverse end edges of the container, so as to
extend transversely beneath the belt
3. Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in claim 1. or 2,
wherein the resilient strips are carriedi by the side, or side and
end, walls of the container.
4. Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in claim 3, wherein
the resilient strips are secured to the walls of the container by
clamping means.
5 Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in any one of the
preceding claims, wherein the supporting means within the liquid
container consists of rollers or wheels mounted on a transverse shaft
6. Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in any one of the
preceding claims, wherein the liquid is supplied to the container
through one or more feed tubes of which at least one is 'directed! so
as to deliver liquid in a direction parallel with the bottom of the
container or downwards towards the bottom.
7. Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in claim 68 wherein
the feed tube or each feed tube is directed so as to deliver the
liquid against that transverse end wall of the container over which
the belt passes first.
8. Means for cooling or heating goods as claimed in claim 6, wherein
the liquid feed is effected by means of one or more longitudinal tubes
lying along the bottom of the liquid container and having a series of
discharge holes directed substantially parallel with the bottom of the
container and/or downwards towards the bottom.
9. Means for 'cooling or heating goods substantially as herein
described with reference to Figures 1 and 2, or Figures 1 and 2 in
conjunction with Figures 3 and 4 or Figure 5, of the accompanying
drawings.~ ~~~
* GB785585 (A)
Description: GB785585 (A) ? 1957-10-30

13. Improvements in soil excavating apparatus
Description of GB785585 (A)
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FR1420890 (A) US3216589 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPEGWFICATN
Inventos:-MATTHEW PATON WALKER.
Date of filing Complete Specification: July 23, 1956.
Application Date: April 16, 1956 No 1 I-498 /56.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30,1957.
Index at Acceptancee:-Class 68 ( 1), P 10.
International Classification:-E 21 c.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Soil Excavating Apparatus.
We, NEWBRIDGE PLANT SERVICES LIMITED, a British Company, of 122-124
High Street, Hounslow, Middlesex, do hereby declare the invention, for
which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to soil excavating apparatus of the type
including a boom pivoted to a supporting structure mounted on or
adapted to be mounted on a tractor so as to be raised and lowered by a
hydraulically operated boom ram about a substantially horizontal axis,
and carrying at its outer end a dipper arm pivoted on the boom for
movement through the medium of a dipper ram, said dipper arm
supporting a scoop tiltably mounted at the arm's outer end and adapted
to be tilted with respect to the dipper arm by another hydraulic ram
usually referred to as the crowd ram; all the rams have fluid
connections adapting them to be powered by pressure fluid supplied
from the tractor, and the boom is constructed for slewing on a

14. substantially vertical axis about a king post carried on the aforesaid
supporting structure The foregoing is a known kind of excavator
apparatus and no claim is made herein to the same per se; it is
hereinafter referred to as "the type described " The present invention
has for its primary object to provide a greater range of working area
for the scoop for each siting of the tractor in comparis N with known
excavator-appartus of the type described without interfering with the
capability of the apparatus of casting the spoil clear of the
excavation.
In this respect a soil excavating apparatus of the type described is
characterised in that the supporting structure of the king post and
boom comprises a framework having a pair of parallel arms adapted to
lie respectively on each side of a tractor and each furnished with
means at one end for pivotal attachment to the base of the chassis or
other fixed structure of the tractor said arms carrying a vee
framework spanning their free ends apex outwards with the king post
and the boom axes located at or about the said apex, so enabling the
apparatus to be used with the framework in a substantially horizontal
plane with its apex projecting over an excavation area.
By the foregoing construction the axes of the king post and boom can
be so disposed that the scoop may for a siting of the apparatus
excavate over an appreciably larger area than is possible with the
previously known types of apparatus.
In addition (as rendered possible by such a construction) the angle of
slew can be increased from the usual angle of about 900 each side of
the longitudinal centre line of the tractor, to approximately 1200
each side of the centre line, means being Drovided, if desired, to
enable any one of a suitable number of sectors smaller than the total
slew of 2400 set out at predetermined positions within the 240 ' range
to be selected for excavation and so as to limit the slewing movement
of the apparatus according to the sector chosen For instance, if a
slewing angle of 120 ' is considered to be a good working angle, then
such a sector can be selected at any of a number (say three or four)
of different pre-set positions within the confines of the 240 ' arc.
In order that the said invention may be readily understood an
embodiment thereof will be described by way of example with 735,585
785,585 the aid of the accompanying drawings wherein:Figure 1 is a
side view; and Figure 2 is a plan.
The illustrations show the excavating apparatus in full lines attached
to a bulldozing tractor depicted in broken (dash) lines with
alternative positions of the excavating apparatus depicted in
dot-anddash lines.
The excavating apparatus includes a supporting structure in the form
of a yoke which is adapted to be pivoted to the rear of a tractor near

15. the base of the chassis framework thereof or to any other convenient
fixed structure This yoke takes the form of a substantially vee-shaped
framework 1 lying apex outwards away from the point of attachment to
the tractor of a pair of parallel arms 2, 2 extending respectively
from the tips of the legs of the vee 1 and adapted to lie one on each
side of the tractor These arms are furnished with eyed ends 3 adapting
them to be pivoted to the tractor, as already stated, so that the yoke
may be swung up from a normal working position in the horizontal as in
full lines to a raised, out of action position through an angle of
approximately 450 as in dot-and-dash lines in Figure 1 The pivotal
movement also enables the yoke to be swung downward as indicated at x
in Figure 1 to a limited degree and also upward through any requisite
small angle to secure that the supporting structure 1, 2 is
substantially horizontal even though the tractor may be sited on a
slope leading down or up from the area of excavation The rise and fall
of the yoke is brought about by a pair of hydraulic rams 4 extending
downwardly from side uprights 5 fixed to the tractor at or about the
pivotal axis of the structure 1, 2, and pivotally secured to the
structure one at each side at or about the tips of the legs of the vee
element 1 of the supporting structure.
At the apex of the said vee structure 1 there extends outwardly a
short bracket 6 on which is erected a king post 7 supported at the top
by a horizontal arm 8 projecting o forwardly (i e away from the
tractor and the pivotal ends 3 of the structure 1, 2) from an A-frame
9 or similar structure also erected from the supporting structure 1, 2
further back than the king post, i e nearer to the tractor In the
normal working posi tion the king post 7 stands substantially
vertically and it is rotatably mounted between the said horizontal arm
8 at the top and the extended bracket 6 from the structure 1, 2 at the
bottom in suitable bushings The king post 7 carries the boom which is
conveniently in the form of a pair of parallel triangular plates 10,
10 spaced apart and secured together and pivoted by one of the pairs
of angular corners at 11 to a pair of lugs 12 projecting from the king
post 7 near the bottom thereof Thus the boom 10, 10 can be raised and
lowered about this horizontal boom pivot at 11 which, in the
centralised position of the 70 boom as seen in Figure 2, lies
transversely to the longitudinal axis of the tractor The outer end 13
of the boom (another angular corner of the triangular platework 10) is
linked to the king post 7 by the boom ram 75 14 For this purpose the
post 7 is furnished with an upper lug arrangement 15, at or near its
top, projecting over the aforesaid lower lugs 6 to which the boom is
pivoted.
The upper lug arrangement 15 Projects out 80 wardly and upwardly with
its top above the king post 7 and, so that these lugs 15 will not foul

16. the aforesaid horizontal arm 8 projecting from the A-frame 9 to
support the king post; and it is recessed at 16 to permit 85 the
utmost limit of slewing.
It will be appreciated that the boom is slewed by rotating the king
post 7, and inasmuch as the vertical axis of turning is carried by the
tip of the supporting structure l)0 1, 2 well clear of the tractor the
boom can be swung backwards towards the tractor through an angle much
more than a rightangle on each side of the king post In fact the arc
of slewing can be increased to 240 ' 95 over-all from A to B The
slewing movement is controlled by a slewing ram 17 pivotally mounted
by one end of the structure 1, 2 at one side and pivotally mounted by
its other end to a quadrant plate 18 fixed to the 100 king post and
projecting back at right-angles to the post's axis towards the
supporting structure 1, 2 The quadrant plate 18 is formed with a
suitable number of anchoring holes 19 (e g three) to which the slewing
ram 10,5 17 may be attached The stroke of the ram may be such as to
bring about an 120 slew and, by selecting an appropriate anchoring
hole 19 in the quadrant plate 18, this slewing arc may be positioned
at any one of a 110 number (e g three) of different Darts within the
total 2400 slewing range of the boom from A to B. As usual with
excavating apparatus of the type described, a dipper arm 20 is mounted
115 on the outer end of the boom 10 This is in the form of a two-armed
lever pivoted to the boom at 21 the lever having a long arm carrying
the scoop 22 pivoted at the end of the arm and a short arm connected
to the 12) boom by a dipper ram 23 The scoop 22 is linked, as usual,
to a double-plate 24 pivoted to the top of the dipper arm 20 and
controlled by a crowd ram 25 lying along the dipper arm and mounted
between the said 125 double-plate 24 and the arm.
The various rams are connected by flexible piping (not shown) to
suitable valve controls on the tractor through which the ram-actuating
pressure fluid passes 130 an upper bearing carried by a vertical
framework on the said structure, the king post being formed with a
pair of lower lugs projecting from near the bottonf thereof to take
the horizontal pivot of the boom, and a pair of upper lugs at or near
its top to take the pivot of a boom ram linking the top of the boom to
the top of the post.
An excavating apparatus according to
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17. * 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB785586 (A)
Description: GB785586 (A) ? 1957-10-30
Rotary baling machine
Description of GB785586 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
780 -UYt Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May
29, 1956.
I,/) O | No16635156.
Application made in United States of America on June 6, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 80 ( 2), C 1 C( 5: 7:10), D 7 C 6; and 94
( 1), AI(C: D 6 B: D 8).
International Classification:-B 65 b F 06 d, h.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Rotary Baling Machine We, ALLIS-CHALMERS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, a
Corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, United
States of America, of Post Box 512, Milwaukee 1, Wisconsin, United
States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to

18. be performed to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
This invention relates to rotary baler machines incorporating features
of improvement advantageously affecting the rolling of hay or the like
into a formed cylindrical bale.
Rotary baling machines have heretofore been suggested, as for instance
in British Patent Specification No 594,421, wherein means are
positionable to roll fibrous material delivered thereto into a formed
bale of predetermined diameter and effect a wrapping of binding
material about the formed bale, and positionable to discharge the
formed and wrapped bale from the machine, and a pickup conveyor which
functions to provide the bale forming means with fibrous material and
which conveyor is automatically stopped during the twine wrapping and
discharging operation.
In this type of machine, it is, not possible to continue operation of
the conveyor during wrapping and discharging operations because such
continuation of the conveyor would interfere with these operations
Heretofore, the wrapping and discharging operation has required as,
much or more time than it takes to roll the fibrous material into a
bale of desired size Generally it is an object of this invention to
speed up the operating cycle of the machine and thereby increase its
material handling capacity.
More specifically it is an object of this invention to reduce the time
required for wrapping binding material about the bale whilst, in no
way, reducing the amount of material wrapped about the bale.
According to the present invention a rotary baling machine having a
baling mechanism for rolling material into a formed cylindrical bale
and a wrapping mechanism, operative in response to the attainment of a
predetermined diameter of a bale, to effect a wrapping of binding
material around the formed bale, said baling mechanism' and said
wrapping mechanism being driven by means including a power shaft in
driving connection with a power source, is characterised by the
provision of a variable speed output shaft in driving connection with
both of said mechanisms, and a change speed transmission operatively
inter-.
posed between said power shaft and said variable speed output shaft
and automatically selectively adjustable to effect a low speed
operating condition of the machine for the rolling operation and a
high speed operating condition for the 'bale wrapping operation.
Other features of the invention will hereinafter be described and
referred to in the appended claims The invention is illustrated, by
way of example, in, the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig 1 is a partial left side elevation of a rotary baler embodying the
invention with some parts broken away; Fig 2 is a partial right hand

19. side elevation of the rotary baler shown in Fig 1, with parts broken
away; Fig 3 ' is a partial front elevation of a twine mechanism
incorporated in the baler shown in Figs 1 and 2, with parts broken
away; Fig 4 isl an enlarged rear elevation of a portion of the twine
mechanism, with some parts removed; Fig 5 is an enlarged plan view of
the baler gear 'box and connected portions; Fig, 6 is a section view
taken on line VIVI of 'Fig 7; Fig 7 is an enlarged section view taken
on line VII VII of Fig 6; Fig 18 is a partial front elevation view
similar to 'Fig 3 ' and showing a different embodiment of this
invention; Fig 9 is an enlarged plan view of the gear 5,586 2 785,58
box shown in Fig 8 and connected portions; and Fig 10 is an enlarged
section view taken on line X-X of Fig 9.
Referring to Fig, 1 there is shown a wheel supported baling machine
comprising a frame structure 1 operatively mounting an upper drive
roll assembly 2, a lower drive roll assembly 3, a press roll assembly
4, an upper tension roll assembly including a pivotally supported
tension arm 6 rotatably mounting a roll 7, a lower tension roll
assembly including a pivotally supported tension arm 8 rotatably
mounting a roll 9, an upper trip roll assembly including an arm 11
rotatably supporting a roll 12, a lower trip roll assembly including a
hanger or 'bow member 13 supporting at its lower end, an arm 14 which
in turn rotatably mounts a roll 16, an arcuate rack 17 with which is
engaged a pinion 18 carried by the adjacent end of lower tension arm
8, a pivoted latch release bar 19, and a discharge rocker arm 21 which
is pivotally connected at one end to bow member 13.
A bale rotating mechanism 20 includes one or more endless bale forming
bands 22 which are mounted for movement over the roll portion 23 of
drive assembly 2, over the roll 7 of the upper tension assembly, and
over the roll 12 of the upper trip assembly Also, one or more endless
bale forming bands 24 are mounted for movement over the roll portion
26 of drive assembly 3, over the roll 9 of the lower tension assembly,
and, over the roll 16 of the lower trip assembly; the bands being
driven in the same direction by the roll portions of the drive
assemblies as shown by arrows A and EB in Fig 1, and the roll portion
27 of assembly 4 is releasably held in engagement with the roll
portion 26 of lower drive assembly 3 by means of one or more springs
28.
The upper and lower tension arms 6 and 8 are pivotally interconnected
for simultaneous angular movement 'by means of a rod 29 and ache upper
tension arm 6 and discharge rocker armn 21 are mounted for relative
angular movement about a common fulcrum 31, arm 6 being biassed by a
spring 32 (Fig 2) for counterclockwise movement (as viewed in Fig.
2) about said fulcrum, and arm 21 (Fig, 1) being biassed in clockwise
direction by means of a spring 33 having one end connected with one

20. arm of a bell crank lever 34 and having its other end connected with
the adjacent end of arm 21 Trip roll arms 11 and 14 are pivotally
interconnected at 36 for relative angular movement and are normally
retained locked in the aligned position shown by means of a releasable
latch 317 carried by arm 11 in a position to engage a portion of the
arm 14.
Arm 11 also has mounted thereon a flanged wheel 38 adapted to engage
and roll along the top surface of an inclined, frame member 39 which
mounts the latch bar 19; arnm 11 and wheel 38 being normally supported
for coaction with frame member 39 by means of a link 41 connecting the
upper end of arm 11 with an arm of 'bell crank lever 34 Movement of
bow member 13 ' toward the lower drive 70 roll assembly is limited by
a looped link 42 connected as shown.
Material to be baled is delivered, to a point adjacent the roll
portions of press roll assembly 4 and lower drive roll assembly 3 'by
means 75 of a pickup conveyer 43 which is chain driven from a sprocket
44 operatively mounted on a normally rotating shaft 46 forming a part
of the lower drive roll assembly 3; the relation between sprocket 44
and shaft 46 being such 80 that when a pivotally mounted latch plate
47 is positioned with a pawl 48 thereon engaged with ratchet like
surface 49, the sprocket 44 drives conveyer 43, and that when latch
plate 47 is moved to a pawl disengaging position 85 by the action of
spring 51, the sprocket 44 becomes stationary Latch plate 47 is
normally retained positioned to engage pawl 48 with ratchet like
surface 49 by means of a roller 52 carried, by a crank arm 53; arm 53
and a 90 plate 54 being integrally connected and pivotally mounted on
a frame bracket 56 for angular movement about a common pivot 57.
A spring 58 acts to retain arm 53 and plate 54 in the position shown
in Fig 1, and the 95 plate is provided with an elongated opening 59
therethrough in which is positioned' the upper turned over end of a
downwardly extending link 61 An upwardly extending link 62 has its
lower end pivotally connected with 100 the adjacent lower end of link
61 for movement therewith The lower end of link 61 is interconnected
with a strap 63 on the adjacent end of lower tension arm 8 by means of
an interposed spring 64, and spring posi 105 tioning adjusting nuts 66
The position of spring 64 determines the extent lower tension arm 8
must move in a counter-clockwise direction from its initial starting
position in order to actuate crank arm 53 and effect the release 110
of latch plate 47 which can be readily returned to its shown position
with pawl 48 engaging ratchet like surface 49 by means of a link 67
having its lower end connected with plate 47 ll S The correlation of
the various parts so far described is the same as that described in
the mentioned British Patent 594,421 and in British Patent 594,422,
and reference may be had to these patents if a more complete de 120

21. scription is desired The parts so far described function as fellows:
material passing between the roll portions of the press roll assembly
4 and the lower drive roll assembly 3 is engaged by bale rotating
mechanism 20 includ 125 ing the endless bale forming bands 22 and 24
and rolled into a compact formed cylindrical bale '68, and when the
bale attains a desired diameter the conveyor 43 ' is stopped
automatically and the latch release bar 19 is actu 130 785,586 785,586
ated to lift latch 37 on arm 11 whereupon the upper and lower trip
roll assemblies move apart ejecting the bale rearward from between the
bale forming bands 22 and 2 X 4 and' out of the machine; the trip and
tension assemblies automatically returning to their initial bale
starting positions.
Referring to Figs 3 and 4, it is seen that the frame structure 1 also
has mounted thereon mechanism for wrapping twine about the formed
cylindrical bale, while it is in the machine, including a pair of
spring pressed twine tensioning disks 69 (only one of which is shown)
and a twine roller 71 both mounted on one arm of a bell' crank lever
72 in such relation that the twine roller '71 forces the twine 70
between the disks 69 A twine feeding member or tube 173, has on its
upper end a twine guide roller 74 for conducting the twine into the
tube; an intermediate external cam edge portion 76; and at its lower
end a twine feeding ferrule,77 through which the twine passes in
leaving the tube, A housing is formed by spaced, rigidly connected and
supported front and rear plates 78 and 79, respectively, operatively
supporting the twine feed, tube, and a cycling mechanism' 80 which
will be described more fully hereinbelow -is provided for controllably
positioning and positively, moving the twine feed tube lengthwise of
the bale with a substantially uniform 'horizontal velocity component
during the bale wrapping operation.
The twine tube 173 is supported for angular movement by having its,
upper end pivotally mounted on a fixedi pin 81 projecting laterally
outward from rear plate 79 and is biased by gravity and by the action
of a spring 82 to assume the dotted line position shown in Fig.
3 '; movement in the clockwise direction being limited by engagement
'with a 'fixed stop member '83 ' carried by a part of the frame
structure 1, Plates 78 and 79 are provided with a pair of aligned
bearings in which is rotatably mounted a shaft 84 having exposed front
and' rear end portions to which are secured crank arms 8,6 and 87,
respectively, crank arm 187 having mounted on the distal endl thereof
a laterally projecting roller 88 adapted to engage the cam portion 76
of twine tube 73 A spur gear or movable timing element '89 ' having a
nontoothed peripheral portion ('hereinafter called a partial gear) is
fixed on shaft 84 between the plates 78 and 179 in such a position as
to be driven through a predetermined angle by a spur gear 91 integral

22. with the hub portion of a bevel gear 92 rotatable mounted between
plates 7 '8 and 179 on, a fixed shaft 93 which extends between' and is
supported by plates '78 and,79 i Bevel 'gear '92 meshes with and is
driven by 'a pinion 94 fixed on a rotary actuating element or shaft
'96 which has its adjacent inner end rotatably mounted in a bearing 97
supported by an integral forwardly extending arm (not shown) on rear
plate 79 The opposite end of shaft 96 is rotatably supported in a
bearing 99 mounted on the frame structure 1 and carries at its outer
end a V-belt pulley 101 which, as shown in 'Fig 3 is driven by a belt
102 running over 70 an idler pulley 1031 mounted on the frame
structure and over a drive pulley 104 fixed on shaft 46 of the lower
drive roll assembly 3.
Front plate 78 ' 'has fixed thereon a rearwardly projecting fixed pin
106 on which is 75 pivotally mounted a crank arm 107 carrying a
laterally projecting roller 10 '8 adapted to engage and ride on the
inner peripheral surface 109 of the toothed flange portion of gear 89
as is best shown in Fig 3; arm 10,7 being 80 biased to maintain roller
108 in continuous; engagement with surface 109 by means of a spring
(not shown) A transverse shaft 112 is rotatably mounted in bearings
carried 'by opposite side portions of the frame structure 85 1 and is
provided with a laterally projecting arm 114 which is connected with
roller carrying crank arm 107 by means of suitable linkage including
link '117 Surface 109 is provided with an integral cam portion 11 '8
and the 90 movement of roller 108 thereover results in a
counterclockwise movement of crank arm 107 as viewed in Fig, 3, and in
a consequent anticlockwise rocking movement of shaft 112 as viewed in
Fig 1, 95 Plates '78 and '79 also have secured therebetween a fixed
shaft 119 (Fig 3) on which is pivotally mounted a bell crank lever 121
having on one arm thereof a roller 122 adapted to engage a stop
projection 123 integral with 100 the rear side of gear 189 and having
its, other arm' connected for simultaneous movement with the
downwardly extending arm of the bell 'crank:72 by means of a link 124
'; the bell' cranks 72 and 121 both being normally 105 retained in the
positions shown by means of a spring 126 '('see Fig 8) The unit
comprising shaft 84, crank arm 186, crank arm 87, roller 8 '8 and gear
89 is normally retained in the position shown in 110 Fig 3 by means of
a spring 134 (Fig 2) having one end fastened to a fixed part of the
frame structure 1 and having its other end fastened to the outer end
portion of crank arm '86.
The arrangement of parts as shown in Fig 3 115 is such that spring 134
tends to rotate shaft 84, partial gear '89 and crank arms 8 '6 and 87
in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig 3, but such movement
is obstructed 'by the roller '122 on bell crank lever 121 while 120
said roller is in engagement with the stop projection 123 on partial

23. gear 89 In the condition of the mechanism as shown in Fig 3, the
toothed portion of partial 'gear 89 is angularly spaced out of meshed
relation with res 125 pect to the teeth on drive gear 91 and therefore
gear 91 is inoperative to drive partial gear 89 counterclockwise Upon
release of roller 122 from stop projection -123, gear 8 '9 is rotated
counterclockwise by spring 134 a 130 sufficient distance to engage the
first tooth thereon with the constantly rotating gear 91.
The twine tube 73 is retained in its raised position by means of a
latch 136 fixed on a rod, 137 pivotally mounted on the frame structure
1 and biased to the position shown in Fig 3 ' by means of an arm 138
(Fig 1) fixed on rod 13,7 and by a spring 139 connected with arm 138
and, with a fixed part of the frame structure.
Referring again to Fig 1, it is seen that arm 138 on rod 137 is
interconnected with link 62 by means of link 14-2, its extension 143
and a bell crank lever 144 having one arm connected with the lower end
of extension 143 and having its other arm connected with the upper end
of link 62.
Conveyer drive latch plate 47 has its upper end connected with an arm
146 fixed on the adjacent end of a pivotally mounted, transversely
extending crank bar or rod 147 'by means of an interposed spring 148
and spring positioning adjusting nuts 149 Movement of crank rod 147 in
a counterclockwise direction and thereby the movement of link 67 and
latch plate 47 in a pawl disengaging direction is limited by the
engagement of a stop projection 151 on arm 146 with the adjacent frame
structure Crank rod 147 is positioned to be engaged by the upper end
of bow member 13 as the lower trip roll assembly 14, 16 is returned
toward -and nears its initial bale starting position, and the position
of spring 148 determines the extent the rod 147 must be moved
clockwise from the position shown in order to actuate link 67 and
reposition latch plate 47 and pawl 48 as indicated in Fig 1 In this
connection, the spring 148 is preferably so adjusted that latch plate
47 and pawl 48 are repositioned to start conveyer 43 just as soon as
the trip roll assemblies return to their initial bale starting
positions.
Referring once again to Fig 3 it is seen that the frame structure also
mounts a fixed twine cutting knife 152 positioned to be engaged by the
twine fed from: the distal end of tube 73 as it approaches its full
line position, and a knife guard 153 is attached to a pin 150
pivotally carried by frame structure 1 and guard 153 is normally
positioned to prevent the twine from contacting the knife.
Shaft 112 is also provided with a pair of arms 155 one of which
is-operatively connected by means of a link 156 (Fig 1) with the latch
release bar 19 There is a part (not shown) on link 156 which is
connected to a crescent shaped member 154 which in turn is attached as

24. by welding to a shaft 15,7 journaled in bracket 158, Member 154
engages arm 159 which is also attached to pivot pin 150, thereby
preventing movement of pivot pin 150 and twine guard 153 attached
thereto The arrangement is such that a counterclockwise movement of
shaft 112, as viewed in Fig 1, raises link 156 which in turn moves
crescent shaped member 154 out of contact with arm 159 The pull of
twine together with the downward movement thereof causes guard 153 to
pivotally swing downwardly thereby exposing the twine to 70 severing
action by knife 152 This upward' movement of link 156, previously
mentioned, also actuates trip bar 19 to release latch 37 which
normally retains the trip roll assembly arms 11 and 14 in alignment 75
Referring to Fig 2, the various baler mechanisms are driven by a power
input shaft 161 connectable with the power take-off of a tractor (not
shown) or other source of power.
A change speed transmission 160 includes a 80 bevel gear 162 (Fig 6)
which is driven by a bevel gear 163 ' keyed to power input shaft 161
for rotation therewith Bevel gear 162 is keyed to shaft 164 which is
rotatably mounted in gear housing 166 (Fig 7) and a 85 gear 167 is
splined to shaft 164 for rotation therewith A gear 168 which is
rotatably mounted about shaft 164 is driven by gear 167 through a one
way or overrunning spring clutch means 169 which is so made that it 90
will transmit rotation from gear 167 to gear 168 in the direction in
which shaft 164 is driven, and so that gear 168 may overrun shaft 164
in that direction when it is driven at a higher speed, as will be
presently de 95 scribed A gear 171 is splined to a variable speed
power output shaft 172 and meshes with gear 168 Gear 171 may be
shifted longitudinally on shaft 172 to mesh with idler gear 173 which
in turn meshes with and is driven 100 by gear 174 which is integral
with shaft 164.
Another gear 176 rotatably mounted on shaft 172 meshes with and is
driven by gear 167 and an electric clutch rotor 177 with clutch facing
178 is attached to and rotates with gear 105 176 Hub 179 having an
integral flange 181 is splined to and rotates with shaft 172, and an
armature hub or movable control element 182 is splined to and rotates
with hub 179.
Clutch armature 183 is suitably attached to 110 hub 182 A clutch
magnet winding 186 is rigidly connected to upper portion 187 of gear
housing 166 by means, of screws 188 Flange 181 is drivingly connected
to rotary drive element or shaft 180 (Fig 3) of gear box 185 115 by
means of a universal joint 190 Shaft 180 is connected through suitable
gearing (not shown) contained in gear box 185, with rolls 23 and 26 of
upper and lower drive roll assemblies 2 and 3 ', respectively, so as
to drive 120 these rolls in the same directions.
Referring to Fig 4, a roller 189 is rotatably mounted' on an arm of

25. crank 191 which is trunnioned on a bracket of frame 1 and biased by
spring 210 so as to urge roller 189 radially 125 against an internal
cam surface 192 on partial gear 89 When the twine 70 is caught and
starts to wrap about the 'bale, tension of twine causes roller 122 to
swing away from stop 123 As a result, gear 89 is rotated clockwise 130
785,586 with the actuating button 205 on switch 198 (Fig 5) by the
pull described above and thereby opening the electrical circuit to
magnet winding 186 A spring 209 is attached to lever 206 to normally
retain lever 206 in contact 70 with button 205 Assuming that the
machine is normally operating with the various parts positioned, as
shown in Fig, 1, that is, with conveyer 43 delivering material to the
machine and the 75 material passing between the roll portions of the
press, and drive roll assemblies and then around the partially formed
bale 68 disposed therein, it is apparent that the upper and lower
tension rolls 7 and 9, respectively, are moving 80 toward each other,
that the upper and lower tension arms 6 and 8, respectively, are both
moving in a counterclockwise direction about their points of pivotal
support, that the upper and lower grip roll assemblies are moving rear
85 ward with the flanged wheel 38 in engagement with frame member 39
and that the parts will continue to move as just described until the
projection 63 on lower tension arm 8 actuates link 6,1 so' as to turn
crank arm 53 90 and plate 54 a sufficient distance in a clockwise
direction to first release twine tube latch 136 thereby permitting
twine tube 73 ' to swing downward; to the dotted line position shown
in F-ig 3 andc to then release latch plate 47 95 (Fig 1) which is
immediately moved to its pawl disengaging position by the action of
spring 51.
The dropping of twine tube 73 places' the twine 70 hanging from the
distal end thereof 100 on the material about to pass, between the roll
portions of the press and drive roll assemblies and the material
carries the twine between said roll portions and around the formed
bale The conveyer 43 is still' operating when the twine 105 tube is
dropped and continues to operate until the latch plate 47 is released
as just described whereupon operation of the conveyer immediately
ceases The pull exerted on the twine in passing between the roll
portions of the 110 press and drive roll assemblies moves the twine
tension disk carrying bell crank 72 (Fig 3), and the bell crank 121
which is connected to bell crank 72 by means of link 124, in a
counterclockwise direction The counterclock 115 wise movement of bell
crank 121 withdraws roller 122 from engagement with' stop projection
123 ' on gear 89 and the spring 134 connected with arm 86 on shaft i
84 quickly rotates shaft 84 andl thereby ann 8 '6 and gear 120 89
until' the first tooth on gear 89 engages the continuously rotating
spur gear 91 When gear 89 is driven by gear 91 the high portion of cam

26. 192 forces roller 189 (Fig 4) downwardly As a result, bell crank arm
199 is 125 moved into contact with and actuates button so as to close
switch 193, thereby energizing magnet winding 18 '6 of the clutch This
establishes a driving connection from gear 167 through gear 176 (fig
7) to shaft 172, which 130 as viewed in Fig, 4, by the action of
spring 134 (Fig, 3) so that the raised portion of cam surface 192,
contacts the roller 189 and moves the other crank arm 199 of bell
crank 191 to actuate electric switch button 195 An electric switch 193
carried by frame 1 has one terminal 194 wired to the battery on the
tractor draft meansl (not shown) and the other terminal 196 is
connected by wire 197 to switch 19,8 (Fig 5) carried on, gear housing
166 Switch 198, is connected to the clutch magnet winding 1,86 by lead
200 The other end 201 of magnet winding 186 is grounded to case 166 by
lead 202 Switch 193 (Fig 4) is so positioned on baler frame 1 that arm
199 (Fig 431 of bell crank 191 contacts the switch button 195 when the
high point of cam 192 passes roller 18 9 thereby closing the
electrical circuit and initiating a flow of electrical energy to the
clutch magnet winding 186.
The flow of electrical current in magnet winding 186 (Fig 7) sets up a
magnetic field in rotor 177 which attracts armature 183 and
establishes a driving connection therewith.
Shaft 1 72 is now driven by, gear 167, meshed with gear 1 76, at a
substantially higher speed than that at which it is normally driven
through gears 168, 171 and' spring clutch 169.
Upon establishment of the high speed drive, clutch 169 permitsl gear
1:68 to overrun gear 167 Establishment of the high speed drive results
in higher speeds of rotation of all elements in the baler, and the
high speed operation continues until the twine is severed When this
occurs the mechanism automatically returns to the condition in which
it is shown in Fig 4, and, in which condition the electrical circuit
to magnet winding 186 is broken by crank arm 199 ' ('Fig 4)' having
moved away from the actuating button 195 As a result, the
electromagnetic flux through rotor 177 (Fig, 7) disappears, t'he pull
on armature 183 is relaxed and the drive from gear 16 7 through clutch
169 to gears 168 and 171 is automatically restored by operation of the
clutch 169.
The longitudinal shifting of gear 171 previously, mentioned is
utilized for driving the baler mechanisms in reverse, as when clearing
a plugged machine, This is accomplished by pulling on a rope 204 (Fig
5) running from the operator's seat on the tractor (not shown) to
lever 206 which is' keyed to a vertical shaft extension 207 (Fig 7) of
shifter finger 208 which engages a groove in a hub of gear 171 for
imparting longitudinal motion thereto.
This shifting of gear 171 is only done when shafts 164 and 172 are not

27. rotating When gear 171 is in mesh with gear 173 the direction of
rotation of shaft 172 is reversed' In order to preclude the
possibility of having the overdrive mechanism from gear 167 to gear
1.76 through the electric clutch mechanism engaged at the same time
with this reversing mechanism, lever 206 is moved out of contact
785,586 785,586 causes shaft 172 to rotate at a greatly increased rate
of speed Roller 88 (Fig 3) on arm 87 moves in proximate relation to
the cam surface 76 on twine tube 73 and the rotation of gear 91 drives
gear 89 and thereby shaft 84 and arms 86 and 8,7 counterclockwise.
During the initial rotation of gear 89 by gear 91, twine tube 73
remains stationary in its dotted line position until roller 88 on arm
87 engages cam surface 76 and this delayed action permits one or more
turns of twine to be wrapped around the adjacent end of the formed
cylindrical bale before the twine tube commences,to move lengthwise
thereof The high portion of cam surface 192 is so positioned that
switch 193 is closed when roller 88 engages carn surface 76 The
engagement of roller 88 with cam surface 76 moves tube 73 in a
counterclockwise direction toward its full line position; the cam
surface 76 being so shaped that the end of the tube travels lengthwise
of the bale as the tube moves from its dotted line position to its
full line position, and that when the tube reaches its tull line
position, it is held in such position until the latch 136 is
repositioned to hold the tube in its raised position as showvn.
In general, the correlation of parts is such that the tube 73 reaches
its raised position just before the cam portion 118 on the inner
peripheral surface of gear 89 engages roller 108 on crank arm 107 and
moves said arm down-ward, in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed
in Fig 3, and that the tube 73 is held in its raised position by the
roller 88 on crank arm 87 until the cam portion 118 moves away from
the roller 108 on arm 107 The counterclockwise movement of arm 107 is
transmitted' through link 117 to shaft 112 which turns in a
counterclockwise direction as viewed in, Fig 1, and through the medium
of arm 155 and link 156 moves the guard 153 away from the knife 152
and actuates bar 19 to release latch 317 carried by arm 11 of the
upper trip roll assembly As a result, the twine snaps against and is
cut by knife 152, the arms and rolls 11, 14 and 12, 16, respectively,
of the trip roll assemblies move apart and discharge the bale from the
machine, and the tension rolls 7 and 9 carriedi by arms 6 and, 8,
respectively, move away from each other to their initial bale starting
positions; such movements of the tension and trip roll assemblies
occurring substantially simultaneously.
The cutting of the twine releases the pull on twine tension disk bell
crank 72 which is immediately returned to its normal position shown in
Fig 31 by a spring 126 (Fig 8) thereby repositioning roller 122 on

28. bell crank 121 to be engaged 'by the stop projection on gear 89 Cam
surface 192 is also so configured that switch 193 ' is opened, when
the twine is cut, by spring 21 G (Fig, 4) which moves bell crank 191
out of contact with switch button 195, therebyl breaking the
electrical circuit of clutch magnet winding 186 (Fig 7) As a result,
shaft 172 is driven through gears 168 and 171 at a slower rate of
speeds and the bale mechanisms which are driven by shaft 172, are
operated at a correspondingly reduced rate 7 C of speed The return of
lower tension arm 8 (Fig 1) to its initial bale starting position
releases the pull on link 61 and as a result links 61, '62, 142 and
143 are immediately moved upward by the action of spring 139 75 During
this phase of the cycle latch plate 47 is held by spring 51 in the
position determined by the engagement of stop projection 151 on arm
146 with the adjacent frame structure (note 80 the upper end of link
67) This movement of links 61, 62, 142 and 143, which is sufficient to
reposition latch 136 'beneath twine tube 73 as shown in Figs 1 and 3,
takes place during the time interval the tube is held in 85 its fully
raised position by roller 88 on arm 817, that is, during the time cam
portion 118 on gear 89 is in engagement with ithe roller 108 on arm
107 In this connection, it should be noted that the twine tube is held
sub 90 stantially stationary for a short time interval before shaft
112 is actuated by crank arm 114 to effect ithe removal of twine guard
153 and the release of latch 37 which permits one or more turns of
twine to be wrapped around 95 this end of the bale before the twine is
cut and the bale discharged from the machine.
Shortly after the cam portion 118 is disengaged from roller 108 on arm
10 7, the gear 89 moves out of mesh with drive gear 91 100 at which
time arm 86 moves over center with respect to spring 134 whereupon
spring 134 rapidly rotates gear 89 and the parts movable therewith
into the positions shown in Figs.
3 and 4.
Upon discharge of the bale from the 105 machine, the upper and lower
trip roll assemblies immediately return to their initial bale starting
positions with the arms 11 and -14 locked in alignment by means of
latch 37 110 on arm 11 and this rapid movement of the trip roll
assemblies actuate crank rod 147 and thereby link 67 which repositions
latch plate 47 and pawi 48 to start the conveyer and again deliver
material to the press and drive 115 roll assemblies just as soon as
the various bale forming parts are positioned to receive the material.
From the foregoing, it has been shown how an overdrive mechanism can
be applied to a 120 baling machine so that operation of the twine
wrapping cycle can be automatically speeded up to thereby increase the
capacity of the baler to produce bales.
Referring to Figs 8, 9 and 10, another 125 embodiment of this

29. invention is shown In this embodiment a mechanical linkage actuates
the change speed transmission and a different type of overdrive
mechanism is utilized.
Referring to Fig 10, pinion 211 is driven 130 785,586 by a bevel gear
(not shown) keyed to power input shaft 213 for rotation therewith,
Shaft 213 is driven by conventional means such as a tractor power
take-off shaft Bevel pinion 211 is splined to a shaft 214 which is
rotatably mounted in gear housing 2,16 and a gear 211 is also splined
to shaft 214 for rotation therewith A gear 2,18 is rotatably mounted
on shaft 214 is driven: by gear 217 through a one way or overrunning
spring clutch means 219 which is so made that it will transmit
rotation from gear 21 i 7 to' gear 218 in the direction in which shaft
214 is driven and so that gear 2,18 may overrun shaft 214 in that
direction when it is driven at a higher speed as will be presently
described A gear 221, which is splined to shaft 222, meshes with gear
218.
Gear 221 may be shifted longitudinally on shaft 222 ito mesh with
idler gear 223 which in turn meshes with and is driven by gear 224
which is integral with shaft 214 Another gear 226 rotatably mounted on
shaft 222 meshes with and is driven by gear 2 17 and a spring clutch
means 227 is locked to and rotates With gear 226 Hub 22 8, whose
outside diameter is slightly less than the inside diameter of spring
227, is keyed to and rotates with shaft 222 An actuator sleeve 231 is
constrained to rotate with hub 228 'by pin, 230 which engages a slot
in hub 228 51 leeve 23:1 has an angular portion 232 which is normally
laterally spaced from an angular portion 233 of spring 227 by spring
234 which is actable by a movable control element or actuator button
2316 which is connected to sleeve 2281 by pin 230 1 Actuator button
236 is engaged by a lever 23 ( 7 pinned, to, shaft 238 which is
journaled in gear housing 216 for oscillation In Fig 18, crank 239 is
pinned to shaft 238 on the outside of gear housing 216 and is in turn
connected to crank 241 'by a link 242 Link 242 has a rod portion 243
which is adjustably mounted in an end portion 244 connected to crank
239 A spring 246 is interposed between rod portion 2413 and end
portion 244 to provide a substantially constant predetermined pull on
crank lever 239 when link 242 is moved upward.
Referring to Figs 8 and 10 it is seen that the actuator lever 239 is
connected to the twine tension crank 72 by link 242, crank 241, link
247 and, link 2481 A crank 251 has its upper end 'connected to links
247 ' and 248 and on its lower end is provided with a roller 249.
This roller 249 is adapted to contact a radial cam surface 252 on
partial gear 89 limiting the motion of the above linkage when the
twine tube 73 ' has dropped and twine is commencing to wrap about a
bale to an amount sufficient to permit disengagement of roller 122

30. from a lug 123 on gear 89 but insufficient to cause sleeve 231 to
engage clutch spring 233 (Fig 10) As soon as the cam surface 252
passes roller 249, roller 249 and, its connected linkage moves
sufficiently,to force sleeve 231 into engagement with spring 233 and
the frictional drag thereon causes the spring 233 to wrap down and
engage hub 228 thereby locking it to gear 226 Shaft 222 is now driven
70 by gear 21,7 through gear 226 at a substantially higher speed than
its normal speed when driven by gear 228 ' through gear 221, and
spring clutch 219 overruns in its pocket in gear 217 This produces
higher speeds of rota 75 tion of all elements in the baler until the
twine is severed, whereupon the pull is, released on crank 72, and
thereupon lever 237 (Fig.
10.), crank 23,9 (Fig 8 >, link 242, crank 241, link 247, crank 2,511,
link 248 and crank 72 80 are returned to the positions shown in Figs.
8 and 10 by the action of a spring 126 Spring 234 (Fig 10) forces
sleeve 231 out of engaget with spring 233 and the drive of shaft 222
through gears 218 and 221 is restored 85 Shaft 222 is coupled to shaft
180 (Fig, 8) of a gear train for driving the various elements of tlie
baling machine, including upper drive roll 2 and lower press roll 3 A
shock absorbing means 25:8 is interposed between halves 90 255 and 257
'of a universal joint and which halves are connected to shaft 222 and
shaft 180, respectively Shock absorbing means 258 yieldably connects
center yokes 259 and 260 by having a pair of abutting disk members 95
261, and 2 '62 attached to yokes: 259 and 260, respectively, with disk
members 261 and 262 being provided with a plurality of springs 263
forming a connection, between the disks to reduce the shock induced,
by acceleration 100 forces set up by the overdrive unit Center yokes
259 and 26 0 are connected to halves 255 and 257, respectively.
The longitudinal, shifting of gear 221 is accomplished by pulling on
rope 2,64 (Fig 10) 105 running from the operator's seat (not shown) to
lever 266 which is keyed to a shaft extension 267 of shifter finger
268 which engages a groove in the hub of gear 221 for imparting
longitudinal motion thereto When gear 221 110 is in mesh with gear 223
the direction of rotation of shaft 222 is reversed and, in order to
preclude the possibility of having the overdrive from' gear 217 to
gear 226 through spring 227 to hub 2218 engaged at the same 115 time,
lever 226 is connected to 'crank 239 by a chain 269 ('Fig 9) and' when
rope 264 is pulled, lever 239, shaft 23 M 8 and lever 237 are moved by
the chain clockwise (Figs 8 and 10) so that spring 234 forces, sleeve
231 out 120 of engagement with spring 233 ' From the foregoing it is
seen how applicant's inventive concept may be embodied in a new
arrangement of mechanisms to provide ha speed up of the twine wrapping
cycle of 125 a rotary baling machine without increasing the amount of
input power to any appreciable extent.

31. In general terms, the gear 91 (Fig 4) represents 'a rotatable acuating
element which is 13 Q -485,586 connected in driven relation with the
variable speed output shaft of the change speed transmission, and the
partial gear 89 together with its internal cam surfaces represents a
unidirectiona Ily rotatable timing element which is operatively
associated with the bale rolling mechanism 20, with the twine guide
73, and with the actuating element 91 so that upon formation of a bale
of predetermined diameter by said bale rolling mechanism, the twine
guide will 'be moved sequentially into and out of twine feeding
relation with said blade In the embodiment of the invention as
illustrated by Figs 1 through 7, the bell crank 191 represents a back
and forth movable control element which is operatively associated with
the timing element 89 and with the change speed transmission 160 so as
to establish a low speed driving connection from the transmission
input shaft 164 to the bale rolling mechanism 20 and to the actuating
element 91 while the bale rolling mechanism 20 is operative to form a
bale, and so as to establish a high speed driving connection from the
transmission input shaft 164 to the bale rolling mechanism and
actuating element 91 while the twine guide is in twine feeding
relation to the bale A corresponding back and forth movable control
element is represented by the link 248 in the embodiment of the
invention illustrated by Figs 8 through 10, In the embodiment of the
invention illustrated by Figs 1 through 7, as well as in the
embodiment of the invention illustrated by Figs, 8 through 10 the
partial gear 89 together with the associated parts including the
elements 61, 62, 142, 72, 124, 121, 134, represents a cycling
mechanism which is operatively associated with the bale rolling
mechanism 20 and twine guide 73 ' so that upon formation of a bale of
predetermined diameter by said bale rolling mechanism said twine guide
will, be moved sequentially into and out of tvine feeding relation to
said bale.
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* GB785587 (A)

32. Description: GB785587 (A) ? 1957-10-30
A cathode ray tube with deflection control
Description of GB785587 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
X 755,587 / Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Feb
4, 1953.
No 3137/53.
Application made in Germany on Feb 5, 1952.
Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Co:nss SW), D 41 (A: A? Di: 1 2 El: E 4: F 6 B F
6 X: G 4: K 3: K 4), D 1 O(A 1:
-nt N o a 1 -C las si D c( 18 Ca: tion 1 45 A) International
Classification: -1-ilj.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
A Cathootie Ray Tube with Defection Control I, GUENTHER HERMANN K
RAWINKEL, of 54 Hxberlinstr asse, Frankfurt/Main, Eschersheim,
Germany, a German citizen, do hereby declare the invention for which I
pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is
to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
Thie present invention relates to electron beam deflecting systems of
the kind comprising a cathode ray tube having an electron gun to
produce an electron beam, electrostatic or electro agnetic deflecting
means for the deflection of the electron beam in dependence on the
magnitude of an innut signal, and target means for indicating the
magnitude of the deflection or for producing in an output circuit a
current of which the magnitude is dependent on the magnitiode of Ithe
beam deflection Sutch systemns are used with advantage for
ascertaining a voltage, for indicating the magnitude of a voltage, but
also for amplifying, rectifying or modulating purposes.
The beam deflecting mneans are usually, but not exclusively,
constituted by two plateshaped parallel electrodes, one at each side
of the beam, and the electrocaes are connected to an input circuit
through which a voltage is applied to the plate shaved electrodes
which produces a field by means of which the electron btasn is
deflected in dependence on the intensity of the field, i e in
dependence of the input voltage, which it is intended to measure for
instance As a result of the beam deflection, the point where the beam

33. strikes the target will also be deflected, and this deflection is a
direct measure of the magnitude of the input voltage The target may
indicate the magnitude of the deflection, or the target may be wade of
such a nature that, in connection with an approuriate output circuit,
an output voltage or current is Produced which is proportional to the
beam' deflection, i e, to the voltage which has caused this
deflection.
Conventional arrangements of this kind suffer from the disadvantage
that the magnitude of the displacement of the point where L Pdc C Us 7
6 dl l the target is hit is extremely small, unless extremely long
tubes offering a long path for the electron beam are used; but such
tubes are 50 difficult to construct and to operate.
A further disadvantage of the known arrangements resides in that it is
necessary to adjust very carefully and accurately the point where the
undeflected electron beam strikes 55 the target electrode or
electrodes, so that it should be possible to' ascertain the said
distance if the beam has been deflected only a small amount.
It is the object of the present invention to 60 avoid, the above
mentioned limitations To this end, an electron beam deflecting system
comprising a cathode ray tube having an electron gun to' produce an
electron beam, deflecting means for the deflection of the electron
beam 65 in the dependence on the magnitude of an input signal, and
target means for indicating the magnitude of the deflection or for
producing in an output circuit a current of which the magnitude is
dependent on the magnitude of 70 the beam deflection, is characterised
in that the said signal deflecting means are so designed that they
cause a deflection of the electron beam in one plane through the axis
of the undeflected beam, and that between these 75 deflecting means
and the said target means electrostatic deflection amplifying means
are provided which produce a field which is substantially at right
angles to the said plane and which increases in its intensity in a
direction 80 in which the preceding deflection takes place so as to
cause a further defletion of the electron beam at right angles to the
preceding deflection and increasing in its magnitude with increasing
magnitude of the preceding 85 deflection.
Electrostatic deflection amplifying means have the advantage that they
require little space so that it is easily possible to arrange more
than one of such deflection amplifying 90 means in the envelope of the
cathode ray tube in succession so' that the electron beam passes
through them one after the other, and so that the direction of the
field, which each of the
I-.
785,587 succeeding deflection amplifying means produces, is displaced
substantially at right angles with respect to the preceding deflection

34. amplifying means According to a preserned embodiment of
the;inventi'on, the or each deflection amplifying means will be
constituted by a pair of plate-shaped electrodes vwihici consist of
resistance material and along which a voltage drop is set up so as to
produce the required field of increasing intensity The intensity of
the field will be chosen such that the deflection caused by this field
is greater than the deflection imparted to the electron beam by its
first deflection under the control of the input voltage.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood, an embodiment
thereof will now be described by way of example with reference to the
accompanying drawings, wherein:Fig 1 shows schematically a
longitudinal section of a cathode ray tube embodying the invention,
the individual component parts being represented in a perspective
manner, Fig 2 is also a perspective representation, but on an enlarged
scale, of one part of the tube shown in Fig 1 together with the
associated circuit connections, Fig 3 serves for explaining the
function of the arrangements according to Fig 2, Fig 4 shows in more
detail an example of a target electrode for the tube according to Fig
1; this and other constructions of targets suited for the realisation
of the present invention are described and claimed in the U K.
Patent Specification (Application No.
8363/55) (Serial No 785,588), and Figs 5 and 6 serve for the
explanation of the function of the targets shown in Fig 4.
As shown in Fig 1, within an evacuated vessel G an electron beam St is
produced by means of an electron gun K,-Ar-A 2, which may be of any
conventional design The electron beam passes in succession through the
electrode systems, Pr-P,, E,-E,', E 2-E,1, and the beam then strikes a
target electrode S The electrode system PI-P is constituted, by
deflecting plates to which the voltage is applied which is to be
ascertained and measured but which may also be magnified rectified or
modulated The electrode system E,-E,' serves as a deflection amplifier
and is shown in more detail in Fig.
2 Both plates E, and B,', between which the electron beam passes,
consist of a resistance material which may be either self supporting
or may be applied to a carrier by evaporation, by chemical deposition
or in a mechanical manner.
As shown in Fig 2, the terminals of each plate El and EB, are
connected to a direct voltage source K through resistances R,, Rs 7,
and R 11, R,' respectively in such a Mauner that at both plates E, and
E,' voltage dro s are set up, in opposite directions These voltage
conditions are indicated in Fig 3 in respect of the axis z which
extends at right angles to the undeflected beam and is parallel to and
at the same distance from each of the plates E, and EJ, It will be
appreciated that 70 in the z-direction there will be a point z,

35. depending upon the magnitude of the resistances R,, Ro, R,' and R '
(Fig 2), where there will be no resulting deflecting field between E,
and E,1 for an electron beam at 75 right angles to the plane of the
drawing.
Although the undeflected electron beam need not pass through the point
z, between the plates E, and E,' in order to obtain the desired en
Fact, it will be assumed for the explantion SO of the deflection
magnification that the undeflected electron beam passes through the
point za between the plates E, and E,' (Figs.
2 and 3) Now, if the electron beam St is deflected the distance ds in
the direction 85 indicated by the arrow z of Figs 2 and 3 due to a
deflecting field set up at the control plates
P,-P 2, then the beam is subjected; as indicated in Fig 3, to a
deflecting field K' between the plates E, and E,' By a suitable 90
choice of the magnitude of the voltage K applied to the plates E, and
E,' (Fig 2), it is obviously possible to obtain by the influence of
the resulting field K' in Fig 3 a deflection of the beam St in a
direction perpendicular to 95 ds wihich is substantially larger than,
but proportional to, the deflection ds The beam, additionally
deflected in the direction of the field i', now enters the space
between the two plates E and EB' as shown in Fig 1, 100 which are
constructed in a similar manner as the plates E, and E,', i e that
they form resistances and are connected to voltage sources as
described with reference to Fig 2 However, the position of the plates
E and E ' is at 105 right angles with respect to the direction of the
plates E, and E,', but also transverse with respcct to the
longitudinal axis of the tube.
The beam vwhich, due to its original deflection ds tias been deflected
in the system E,, E,'110 uinder the influence of the field K' (Fig 3)
through a distance ds, in a direction perpendicular to ds, now enters
the space between the plates E and E,' and it is there subjected to a
further deflection amplification in a similar 115 manner as described
with reference to Fig 3.
In view of the cross-wise disposition of the plates E and E 2 with
respect to the plates E, and E,', the deflection ds of the beam, which
occurs between the plates E and EW, has the 120 same direction as the
deflection ds produced by the plates P, and P As a result of the
voltage drop at the plates E 2 and B 21, the beam is subjected to a
deflection ds" between these plates which is proportional to ds' but
perpen 125 dicalar to the direction of ds', whereby the beam is again
deflected in the direction of the original deflection ds Naturally,
any number of such plate systems may be used for a deflection
amplification, the individual 130 field (Fig 1), it can be reached
that all secondary electrons released in the lower Dart of the

36. structure S as shown in Fig 4, will travel towards the strips W under
the influence of the field between V and W However, if the 70 point
where the electron beam St strikes the electrode is shifted upwards in
the direction x (Fig 4), then first the electrons with high velocity
and later, as the said point moves upwards, also the electrons of
lower velocity 75 will move towards the electrode s, under the
influence of the suction field (Fig 1) The variation of the voltage
from M/2 to + M/2 along the resistance strips W is indicated in Fig 5
by the dotted straight line I, and the 80 constant voltage of the
strips V at M/2 is represented by the straight line II over the
direction x As indicated the secondary electrons, released by the
electron beam St, are under the influence of a varying counter field
85
D, which causes their movement towards the electrode s, (Fig 1), the
said counter field being different in respect of each magnitude x (Fig
5) Fig 6 indicates the proportion of the stream J of secondary
electrons moving lo from the electrode S towards the collecting
electrode s, (Fig 1), which is dependent upon the displacement in the
direction x of the point where the electron beam impinges upon the
electrode S 95 The stream J of secondary electrons, the intensity of
which has been controlled as described, can now be utilised directly
at the electrode s,, or as an amplified stream after it has been
subjected to a multiplication of the 100 secondary emission in a
manner known per se Fig 1 represents schematically a one-stage
multiplication of the secondary electrons without limiting the
application of the invention to the shown arrangement Thus, the 105
electrode s, may form an electrode adapted to emit seconday electrons
instead of being a collecting electode only 'With a one-stage
multiplication of the secondary emission, the electrode s, then
represents the collecting elec 110 trode To the latter a resistance r
may be connected from which the amplified signal may be derived If a
target electrode is used of the kind described hereinbefore with
reference to Fig 4, it will be necessary, of 115 course, to mount the
target in such a position that the said direction x coincides with the
direction of the signal deflection.
The arrangements according to the invention are adapted to avoid the
usual difficulties 120 of adjusting cathode ray tubes with deflection
control; in view of the fact that the described deflection
amplification is equally effective at each point of the deflection
amplifiers (Esystems) through which the electron beam 125 passes, and
only an additional constant deflection has to be taken into
consideration if the electron beam does not pass through the point z,,
of one of the E-systems Such a constant deflection does not affect the
function of the 130 systems being arranged in succession with

37. alternately cross-wise arranged plates A correspondingly amplified
deflection of tie electron beam will result which is proportional to
the deflection control of the Dlates PI, P 2.
The electron beam, which has been subjected to a deflection control
and the deflection of which has been amplified as described, now
impinges upon a target S', as shown in Fig 1 The target may indicate
the magnitude of the deflection or it may be constitued by an
electrode which is adapted to emit secondary electrons, and is
associated with means which make the emission of useful secondary
electrons, liberated by the electron beam St, dependent upon the
location of the point where the electron beam strikes the electrode S
This function will now be described in more detail with reference to
the arrangement shown by way of example in Fig 4 The plate S may be
made of insulating material and is equipped with two systems of strips
The strip system V, which is connected to a collecting bar V,
represents the secondary electron emitting electrode proper.
Adjacent to each strip V, at the right as well as at the left of it, a
strip W is disposed The strips W, which are insulated from the strips
V, consist of resistance material and their ends are connected to two
collecting bars W, and W, A direct current voltage M is applied to the
collecting bars W and W, for instance through a series resistance R
Thus a voltage drop from M/2 to + M/2 is set up along the strips W
(Fig 5) The collecting bar V 1 of the strip system V may be connected
to the minus pole of the direct voltage M Between the electrode S and
another electrode s, (Fig.
1), to which a positive potential B with respect to the electrode S is
applied, a suction field in the direction towards s, is established
The electron beam St liberates, when impinging upon the eletjtrode Sb
secondary electrons.
These secondary electrons are subjected to the influence of two
fields; firstly to the field between the strip systems V and W, the
intensity of which increases in the direction x (Fig.
4), and secondly, to the suction field which is directed from S
towards s, The effect of these two fields upon the liberated secondary
electrons is easily understood In the direction x (Fig 4) of the
deflection of the electron beam at the electrode S, the released
secondary electrons are under the influence of a field between the
strips W and V the intensity of which decreases from the lower to the
upper end of the electrode Superposed on this varying field between W
and V is the suction field established by the voltage source B between
S and sl The field between W and V, which decreases in the direction
x, is determined bv the direct current voltage M (Fig 4) It will be
appreciated that by a suitable choice of the magnitude of M in
relation to the voltage B applied to si, which determines the suction

38. 785,587 785,587 apparatus, as the device, which ascertains the
displacement of the point where the deflection controlled electron
beam impinges upon the electrode S, renders an equal displacement
indication however large the surface of the electrode is.
The second limitation of the conventional tubes with deflection
control, that is their low control sensitivity, is overcome by the
arrangement of the deflection amplifiers that is by the plate systems
E,, El' and E,, E,'.
A continuous variation of the degree of amplification is possible for
instance by variation of the constant-current voltage K at the
deflection-amplification systems Ex, E,', E, B,,.
A shifting of the working point along the characteristic can be
effected for instance by an additional direct-current voltage auplied
to the system, E of the arrangement represented as an example in Fig
1, or by the application of an additional direct-current voltage to
the control plates PI, P_ A modulation with a different oscillation
may be obtained for instance by superposing on the direct current
voltage K applied to one of the deflection amplifiers an auxiliary
oscillation, or alternatively by modulating the intensity of the beam
in the beam generating system K 1, A,, AX with the auxiliary
oscillations.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p