The document provides 5 signs of a strong novel plot: 1) The stakes are high, with major consequences if the character fails to resolve the conflict. 2) Events are as realistic as possible. 3) Everything is consistent without contradictions. 4) Every scene contributes to the overall goal or theme. 5) Readers don't have to work hard to understand the story - it's clear and not overly complicated. The document uses examples to illustrate each sign and advises writers to avoid common mistakes like unrealistic solutions or inconsistent character development that can weaken the plot.
This document provides tips and advice for writing a novel or short story. It discusses the importance of having a compelling idea and knowing your target audience and genre. The document explores different approaches to outlining such as "pantsing" versus planning. Key elements that are discussed include developing multidimensional characters with goals, flaws, and motivations, as well as creating conflict to drive the plot forward. The importance of setting and world-building is also covered. Overall tips emphasized making a writing routine and not editing the first draft. Resources for further writing advice and support are provided.
This document discusses elements of creative writing and conventions used in creative works. It defines creative writing as fiction, poetry, or non-fiction that explores new forms outside standard genres. Key elements discussed include characters, plot, setting, theme, and style/grammar. Specific conventions around characters, primary and sub plots, and conflict are also covered. The document provides guidance and questions for students to consider these elements in their own creative writing.
This document provides information and guidance about creative writing. It defines creative writing as fiction, poetry, or non-fiction that goes beyond standard forms. It lists the key elements of creative writing as character, plot, setting, theme, and style/grammar. The document provides descriptions of these elements, such as that characters should be believable and plots need conflict. It also gives vocabulary terms and prompts students to consider elements for their own creative writing.
25 Self-editing tips for indie authors (plus 8 crucial mistakes to avoid)Derek Murphy
Between us we've edited hundreds of books, and have half a dozen post-doc degrees in literature. So we put out a little guide to self-editing to help indie authors improve their writing. It became a short book, and we've turned it into this free powerpoint. If it's useful to you, please share! http://www.bookbutchers.com
This document provides guidance on writing personal experience articles for publication. It outlines an 8-step structure: 1) introduce a problem or conflict, 2) have the main character react poorly, 3) explain their motivation, 4) develop the story, 5) include a crisis moment, 6) require a sacrifice or change, 7) conclude satisfactorily, and 8) reinforce the theme. Examples are given from published articles in magazines. The document encourages readers to write about their own experiences and outlines how to structure the piece for maximum impact and marketability.
This document provides guidance on developing an effective storyline to summarize the key elements of a novel in 1-3 sentences. It discusses the importance of storylines for selling a book to publishers and readers. Examples are given of storylines for popular novels that arouse curiosity in just a few words. Guidelines are offered for writing concise, emotive storylines that focus on key characters and raise story questions without giving away the entire plot. Developing an effective storyline is presented as a useful exercise for authors to distill their novel's essence and keep their story focused.
How to write a novel a step by-step planning guidelovekaran567
This document provides a step-by-step guide for writing a novel. It begins by noting that most people have a book idea but few complete a novel. It then outlines 5 key steps: 1) Crystallizing the theme and meaning/entertainment of the story. 2) Developing the protagonist and key characters by understanding their desires, backstories, and trajectories. 3) Writing a logline that summarizes the story in one sentence. 4) Finding a title. 5) Establishing a writing schedule and beginning writing sessions. The guide recommends 1 hour of writing 3 days a week, and 4 hours each on the weekend as a productive schedule.
This document provides tips and advice for writing a novel or short story. It discusses the importance of having a compelling idea and knowing your target audience and genre. The document explores different approaches to outlining such as "pantsing" versus planning. Key elements that are discussed include developing multidimensional characters with goals, flaws, and motivations, as well as creating conflict to drive the plot forward. The importance of setting and world-building is also covered. Overall tips emphasized making a writing routine and not editing the first draft. Resources for further writing advice and support are provided.
This document discusses elements of creative writing and conventions used in creative works. It defines creative writing as fiction, poetry, or non-fiction that explores new forms outside standard genres. Key elements discussed include characters, plot, setting, theme, and style/grammar. Specific conventions around characters, primary and sub plots, and conflict are also covered. The document provides guidance and questions for students to consider these elements in their own creative writing.
This document provides information and guidance about creative writing. It defines creative writing as fiction, poetry, or non-fiction that goes beyond standard forms. It lists the key elements of creative writing as character, plot, setting, theme, and style/grammar. The document provides descriptions of these elements, such as that characters should be believable and plots need conflict. It also gives vocabulary terms and prompts students to consider elements for their own creative writing.
25 Self-editing tips for indie authors (plus 8 crucial mistakes to avoid)Derek Murphy
Between us we've edited hundreds of books, and have half a dozen post-doc degrees in literature. So we put out a little guide to self-editing to help indie authors improve their writing. It became a short book, and we've turned it into this free powerpoint. If it's useful to you, please share! http://www.bookbutchers.com
This document provides guidance on writing personal experience articles for publication. It outlines an 8-step structure: 1) introduce a problem or conflict, 2) have the main character react poorly, 3) explain their motivation, 4) develop the story, 5) include a crisis moment, 6) require a sacrifice or change, 7) conclude satisfactorily, and 8) reinforce the theme. Examples are given from published articles in magazines. The document encourages readers to write about their own experiences and outlines how to structure the piece for maximum impact and marketability.
This document provides guidance on developing an effective storyline to summarize the key elements of a novel in 1-3 sentences. It discusses the importance of storylines for selling a book to publishers and readers. Examples are given of storylines for popular novels that arouse curiosity in just a few words. Guidelines are offered for writing concise, emotive storylines that focus on key characters and raise story questions without giving away the entire plot. Developing an effective storyline is presented as a useful exercise for authors to distill their novel's essence and keep their story focused.
How to write a novel a step by-step planning guidelovekaran567
This document provides a step-by-step guide for writing a novel. It begins by noting that most people have a book idea but few complete a novel. It then outlines 5 key steps: 1) Crystallizing the theme and meaning/entertainment of the story. 2) Developing the protagonist and key characters by understanding their desires, backstories, and trajectories. 3) Writing a logline that summarizes the story in one sentence. 4) Finding a title. 5) Establishing a writing schedule and beginning writing sessions. The guide recommends 1 hour of writing 3 days a week, and 4 hours each on the weekend as a productive schedule.
This document provides a summary of the growing popularity of Indian English literature in recent decades. It notes that the number of publications in this genre has increased significantly, with fiction by Indian authors gaining particular popularity. Some of the key factors contributing to this rise include the growth of digital platforms that have encouraged more people to take up writing, as well as socio-economic changes that have expanded the market for published books. However, the document also argues that newer generations of media-savvy writers and publishers, who focus more on marketing, have an advantage over older authors who relied solely on the strength of their writing. It concludes by emphasizing the responsibility of readers, reviewers and organizations like Storizen to actively promote high-quality Indian English
Character_Development_from_Fundamentals_to_Flesh_and_Bone_Writers.com_.pdfJural and justice
This document provides an overview of character development for fiction writing. It discusses asking characters questions to flesh them out, such as what they want, fear, and will make them memorable. The document then lists specific character development questions writers can ask, and provides tips for creating compelling characters such as getting to know characters through interviews and embracing both their strengths and weaknesses. It emphasizes the importance of understanding human nature to create believable characters.
This document provides an overview of character development for fiction writing. It discusses asking characters questions to flesh them out, such as what they want, fear, and will make them memorable. The document then lists specific character development questions writers can ask, and provides tips for creating compelling characters such as getting to know characters through interviews and embracing both their strengths and flaws. It emphasizes the importance of understanding human nature to create believable characters.
How to build characters in short stories 120profpollock
This document provides guidance on developing complex and engaging characters for short stories. It discusses that characters should want something to drive the story forward, be realistic yet imperfect, and be sympathetic to readers. Key aspects to develop for each character include their background, personality, goals, flaws, and relationships. The document emphasizes making characters feel like real people rather than perfect icons. It also warns against directly copying real people or oneself as characters.
This document provides 10 steps for writing a novel. The steps include keeping author notes to organize ideas, developing characters with character sheets, taking breaks when facing writer's block, keeping the planned ending in mind while allowing flexibility in the plot, writing in a distraction-free environment, researching topics that are unfamiliar while writing about familiar topics, using imagination when writing speculative fiction, postponing choosing a title until publishing, not worrying about editing early drafts, and persevering through failures with continued practice.
How to write a novel: a step by-step planning guidelovekaran567
Learning how to write a novel is democratic yet the odds of completing a novel aren’t encouraging. According to The New York Times, more than 80% of Americans have a book idea in mind but less than 1% start writing.
This document provides an overview of key elements to consider when writing a book, including storyline, characters, character building, plot twists, realism, perspective, environment, fluidity, language, creatures, audience, editing, proofreading, publishing, funding, and marketing. It emphasizes making the story engaging for readers through elements like plot twists and different character perspectives. It also stresses the importance of realism, fluid storytelling, character development, and having multiple people proofread and edit the work before publishing. The document is intended as a guide for an author who is currently writing their own book.
What are the elements of narrative structure? Where should your novel begin? What is the resolution? What are the narrative questions you should ask yourself before writing the book? Do you need to outline? This and more!
This document provides an overview of the modules in an online course on writing children's stories. The modules cover topics such as choosing age groups and genres, developing characters and plots, writing dialogue and fantasy/science fiction, and getting published. An introductory module discusses the elements of an engaging story, including character, conflict and contrast. It also summarizes J.K. Rowling's path to success with the Harry Potter series, from her initial idea to worldwide publishing deals and film adaptations.
This document provides guidance for developing the plot of a fantasy novel over the course of a week. It includes tasks such as writing an elevator pitch for the novel in 20 words or less, creating a mood board to represent motifs, rewriting a scene from a favorite novel with zombies, making a timeline of major story events, analyzing the novel's structure using the hero's journey framework, reviewing the inciting incidents, and taking inspiration from re-reading a chapter of a favorite fantasy book. The exercises are meant to help the writer strengthen elements of story, plot, character, and structure.
This document provides guidance on how to write a novel in several steps:
1. Come up with an idea and simple outline of the beginning, end, and key plot points.
2. Develop characters with names, backgrounds, and personalities to bring the story to life.
3. Build the world and set of rules in which the story will take place.
4. Continue writing and editing drafts to refine the story, characters, and ensure it makes sense before seeking publication. Perseverance is key to overcoming hurdles in the writing process.
This document provides guidance for writing a response essay about literary characters. It discusses choosing a character from an assigned work and linking their response to an element of characterization that was covered in class, such as character motives. The document then provides tips for analyzing characters, including looking at their descriptions, thoughts, actions, what others say about them, and what influenced them. It also lists some common types of characters and ends by suggesting questions students could address in their essay about the character they chose.
This document provides an introduction to Bryan Thomas Schmidt's 10-week Novel Writing Boot Camp hosted on Inkitt. The boot camp aims to teach students the fundamentals of fiction writing through 10 lessons in order to write a 20,000 word novel. In the first lesson, Schmidt introduces outlining using a three-act structure and having students identify plot points, inciting incidents, and climaxes. The second lesson focuses on developing well-rounded protagonist and antagonist characters through exploring their backgrounds, relationships, habits, and other defining traits.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the novel "Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit" by Jeanette Winterson. The summary discusses how the novel was written during a difficult financial time for the author. It also outlines some of the unique structural and stylistic elements of the novel, including its non-linear narrative style told as a spiral. The introduction notes that the novel addresses challenging themes like family and sexuality in a humorous yet thought-provoking way. It concludes by discussing the novel's publication history and the author's decision to eventually move the publishing rights due to a change in ownership at the original publisher.
This document lists 8 reasons to write fantasy fiction. It discusses how fantasy writing allows authors to share life lessons through characters, discover uplifting stories, and see characters influence culture. It also explains how fantasy can help authors work through personal issues, test leadership ideas, learn about their creative process, and grow as a person through their characters' development. In the end, the document advocates that fantasy fiction attracts audiences but also brings out the heart and soul of the writer.
This document outlines a unit plan for teaching literary elements in short stories to 6th grade students. Over two weeks, students will read and discuss a minimum of six short stories in literature circles. They will learn skills for annotating texts, identifying elements like plot, conflict, theme and point of view. Students will keep a journal and use their entries to draft a literary essay analyzing elements across multiple stories. The unit provides guidance on forming literature circles, selecting stories, reading strategies, leading discussions and providing peer feedback.
This document provides an overview of key literary elements for freshman English students. It defines literature as any piece of writing that reflects cultural values or universal truths. The main elements discussed are: plot (including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution), character (protagonist and antagonist), setting, point of view, and theme. Examples are provided for each element to illustrate how it functions in a narrative. Additional concepts like internal and external conflict, character types, and literary techniques like foreshadowing and epiphany are also briefly covered.
This document provides a summary of the growing popularity of Indian English literature in recent decades. It notes that the number of publications in this genre has increased significantly, with fiction by Indian authors gaining particular popularity. Some of the key factors contributing to this rise include the growth of digital platforms that have encouraged more people to take up writing, as well as socio-economic changes that have expanded the market for published books. However, the document also argues that newer generations of media-savvy writers and publishers, who focus more on marketing, have an advantage over older authors who relied solely on the strength of their writing. It concludes by emphasizing the responsibility of readers, reviewers and organizations like Storizen to actively promote high-quality Indian English
Character_Development_from_Fundamentals_to_Flesh_and_Bone_Writers.com_.pdfJural and justice
This document provides an overview of character development for fiction writing. It discusses asking characters questions to flesh them out, such as what they want, fear, and will make them memorable. The document then lists specific character development questions writers can ask, and provides tips for creating compelling characters such as getting to know characters through interviews and embracing both their strengths and weaknesses. It emphasizes the importance of understanding human nature to create believable characters.
This document provides an overview of character development for fiction writing. It discusses asking characters questions to flesh them out, such as what they want, fear, and will make them memorable. The document then lists specific character development questions writers can ask, and provides tips for creating compelling characters such as getting to know characters through interviews and embracing both their strengths and flaws. It emphasizes the importance of understanding human nature to create believable characters.
How to build characters in short stories 120profpollock
This document provides guidance on developing complex and engaging characters for short stories. It discusses that characters should want something to drive the story forward, be realistic yet imperfect, and be sympathetic to readers. Key aspects to develop for each character include their background, personality, goals, flaws, and relationships. The document emphasizes making characters feel like real people rather than perfect icons. It also warns against directly copying real people or oneself as characters.
This document provides 10 steps for writing a novel. The steps include keeping author notes to organize ideas, developing characters with character sheets, taking breaks when facing writer's block, keeping the planned ending in mind while allowing flexibility in the plot, writing in a distraction-free environment, researching topics that are unfamiliar while writing about familiar topics, using imagination when writing speculative fiction, postponing choosing a title until publishing, not worrying about editing early drafts, and persevering through failures with continued practice.
How to write a novel: a step by-step planning guidelovekaran567
Learning how to write a novel is democratic yet the odds of completing a novel aren’t encouraging. According to The New York Times, more than 80% of Americans have a book idea in mind but less than 1% start writing.
This document provides an overview of key elements to consider when writing a book, including storyline, characters, character building, plot twists, realism, perspective, environment, fluidity, language, creatures, audience, editing, proofreading, publishing, funding, and marketing. It emphasizes making the story engaging for readers through elements like plot twists and different character perspectives. It also stresses the importance of realism, fluid storytelling, character development, and having multiple people proofread and edit the work before publishing. The document is intended as a guide for an author who is currently writing their own book.
What are the elements of narrative structure? Where should your novel begin? What is the resolution? What are the narrative questions you should ask yourself before writing the book? Do you need to outline? This and more!
This document provides an overview of the modules in an online course on writing children's stories. The modules cover topics such as choosing age groups and genres, developing characters and plots, writing dialogue and fantasy/science fiction, and getting published. An introductory module discusses the elements of an engaging story, including character, conflict and contrast. It also summarizes J.K. Rowling's path to success with the Harry Potter series, from her initial idea to worldwide publishing deals and film adaptations.
This document provides guidance for developing the plot of a fantasy novel over the course of a week. It includes tasks such as writing an elevator pitch for the novel in 20 words or less, creating a mood board to represent motifs, rewriting a scene from a favorite novel with zombies, making a timeline of major story events, analyzing the novel's structure using the hero's journey framework, reviewing the inciting incidents, and taking inspiration from re-reading a chapter of a favorite fantasy book. The exercises are meant to help the writer strengthen elements of story, plot, character, and structure.
This document provides guidance on how to write a novel in several steps:
1. Come up with an idea and simple outline of the beginning, end, and key plot points.
2. Develop characters with names, backgrounds, and personalities to bring the story to life.
3. Build the world and set of rules in which the story will take place.
4. Continue writing and editing drafts to refine the story, characters, and ensure it makes sense before seeking publication. Perseverance is key to overcoming hurdles in the writing process.
This document provides guidance for writing a response essay about literary characters. It discusses choosing a character from an assigned work and linking their response to an element of characterization that was covered in class, such as character motives. The document then provides tips for analyzing characters, including looking at their descriptions, thoughts, actions, what others say about them, and what influenced them. It also lists some common types of characters and ends by suggesting questions students could address in their essay about the character they chose.
This document provides an introduction to Bryan Thomas Schmidt's 10-week Novel Writing Boot Camp hosted on Inkitt. The boot camp aims to teach students the fundamentals of fiction writing through 10 lessons in order to write a 20,000 word novel. In the first lesson, Schmidt introduces outlining using a three-act structure and having students identify plot points, inciting incidents, and climaxes. The second lesson focuses on developing well-rounded protagonist and antagonist characters through exploring their backgrounds, relationships, habits, and other defining traits.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the novel "Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit" by Jeanette Winterson. The summary discusses how the novel was written during a difficult financial time for the author. It also outlines some of the unique structural and stylistic elements of the novel, including its non-linear narrative style told as a spiral. The introduction notes that the novel addresses challenging themes like family and sexuality in a humorous yet thought-provoking way. It concludes by discussing the novel's publication history and the author's decision to eventually move the publishing rights due to a change in ownership at the original publisher.
This document lists 8 reasons to write fantasy fiction. It discusses how fantasy writing allows authors to share life lessons through characters, discover uplifting stories, and see characters influence culture. It also explains how fantasy can help authors work through personal issues, test leadership ideas, learn about their creative process, and grow as a person through their characters' development. In the end, the document advocates that fantasy fiction attracts audiences but also brings out the heart and soul of the writer.
This document outlines a unit plan for teaching literary elements in short stories to 6th grade students. Over two weeks, students will read and discuss a minimum of six short stories in literature circles. They will learn skills for annotating texts, identifying elements like plot, conflict, theme and point of view. Students will keep a journal and use their entries to draft a literary essay analyzing elements across multiple stories. The unit provides guidance on forming literature circles, selecting stories, reading strategies, leading discussions and providing peer feedback.
This document provides an overview of key literary elements for freshman English students. It defines literature as any piece of writing that reflects cultural values or universal truths. The main elements discussed are: plot (including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution), character (protagonist and antagonist), setting, point of view, and theme. Examples are provided for each element to illustrate how it functions in a narrative. Additional concepts like internal and external conflict, character types, and literary techniques like foreshadowing and epiphany are also briefly covered.
Similar to 5 Signs of a Strong Novel Plot.docx (20)
The document provides a detailed overview of the history and geography of Austria. It discusses how Austria emerged from the eastern margins of Bavaria in the 10th century and became a duchy and archduchy under the rule of the House of Habsburg. Key events included victories over the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century, the rise of Vienna as an imperial capital, and the formation of Austria-Hungary in 1867 after revolutions in the 19th century. Austria established itself as a great power and center of classical music until its defeat in World War I led to the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
This document discusses 7 common fear archetypes: 1) Procrastinator, 2) Rule Follower, 3) People Pleaser, 4) Outcast, 5) Self-Doubter, 6) Excuse Maker, and 7) Pessimist. For each archetype, it identifies common fears and provides suggestions on how to address those fears, such as setting deadlines, practicing self-compassion, looking for evidence of trust in others, stepping outside one's comfort zone, and viewing hardships as lessons rather than roadblocks. The overall document provides advice for overcoming fears that hold people back through understanding the root causes and making small changes in perspective and behavior.
The Hero’s Journey A 17 Step Story Structure Beat Sheet.docxSunnyStrong
This document outlines the 17 steps of the classic Hero's Journey story structure. It begins with an introduction to the structure, then provides a detailed explanation of each of the 17 steps, which are divided into the three main acts of the journey: Departure, Initiation, and Return. Key steps in the Departure include the Call to Adventure, Crossing the First Threshold, and Belly of the Whale. Important steps in the Initiation are the Road of Trials, Meeting with the Goddess, and Atonement with the Father. Finally, the Return involves the Refusal of the Return, Magic Flight, and Crossing the Return Threshold.
This document discusses the history of the Flying Stars school of feng shui. It traces the development of the Flying Stars method from the Tang Dynasty, when it was first mentioned, through the Song Dynasty when it was developed and systematized by masters like Wu Jing-luan. The method was passed down secretly within lineages until the late Qing Dynasty, when Shen Shi-Xuan and Wu Bo-On uncovered the secret by studying old manuscripts, realizing that the stars "fly" in fixed orbits. The document outlines the key figures and texts involved in understanding and transmitting the Flying Stars method over 1500 years.
This document contains a collection of stories, poems, and activities intended to educate and entertain young children. It includes finger plays, nursery rhymes, and nature stories. The selections cover different stages of early childhood development, from infancy through the early school years. The goal is to nurture children's minds and imaginations through exposure to literature while bringing parents and children together through shared reading experiences.
This document outlines the history and origins of the Xuan Kong Flying Star Fengshui method. It traces the development of the method back to the Jin Dynasty and discusses key figures who helped develop and pass on the system in secrecy, including Guo Pu, Yang Jun-Song, Wu Jing-Luan, Jiang Da-Hong, and Shen Shi Xuan Kong. The document explains that the method was kept secret for over 1500 years according to the tradition of "thou shall not divulge the secrets of Heaven," and was only fully decoded and more widely disseminated in the late 19th century.
The document contains 100 words for people categorized into different domains including home, village, school, college, workplace, religious, media, government, hospital, court, transportation, hospitality, food, and market. The words provided include common nouns for people in different occupations and relationships such as relatives, students, doctors, chefs, and passengers that could be used to develop characters in novels.
How to Write a Novel Writing a Book in 4 Steps.docxSunnyStrong
This document provides a 4-step process for writing a novel:
1) Creative brainstorming, research, and planning to develop ideas and plot.
2) Writing the first draft without editing by setting daily word count goals and continuing to write even when stuck.
3) Revising and editing the draft to improve it from good to great.
4) Publishing and marketing the novel to share it with the world.
This document provides questions to help develop the background and personality of a character. It covers topics such as the character's name, physical traits, family, relationships, interests, strengths and weaknesses, fears, values, and motivations. The questions are intended to flesh out details about the character's background, personality, beliefs, and emotional experiences to create a fully realized fictional person.
This document provides questions to help develop the background and personality of a character. It covers topics such as the character's name, physical traits, family, relationships, interests, strengths and weaknesses, fears, values, and motivations. The questions are intended to flesh out details about the character's background, personality, beliefs, and emotional experiences to create a fully realized fictional person.
This document contains several passages about childhood development and education. It discusses the importance of books, stories, and literature in a child's intellectual and emotional growth from infancy through the school years. Several poems, songs, and finger plays are also included that were used to teach young children.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
1. 5 Signs of a Strong Novel Plot
Do you have a strong novel plot?
Use these 5 signs to identify weak points in your book
and avoid common mistakes
many writers make in crafting their story.
You put a lot of time and energy into planning your story
and developing a strong plot for your novel.
However, it can sometimes be a challenge to know
whether or not your plot is weak
– especially if you have already started writing.
If you’ve ever asked the question:
what makes for a good novel plot,
hopefully this article
will give you some answers.
Here I will share
the 5 signs of a weak plot in your novel with examples.
Hopefully
this will help you identify
whether the plot of your novel has any weak points.
2. The 5 Signs of a Strong Novel Plot
When you know
what makes a good story and a strong plot for your novel,
you are better prepared to do the important steps
in the novel writing process effectively.
Knowing these 5 things
will save you a lot of hassle
before you write out a bunch of scenes
that will end up
being cut out during the revision process!
These 5 signs of course aren’t a guarantee
that you’ll write the world’s greatest story
– but it can help you get on the right track
to make sure your plot is strong
and will keep readers captivated and interested in
what is going on throughout the entire book.
Strong Plot Sign #1: The Stakes Are High
Strong Plot Sign #2: The Events Are as Realistic as Possible
Strong Plot Sign #3: Everything is Consistent
Strong Plot Sign #4: Every Scene Contributes to a Common Goal
Strong Plot Sign #5:
Your Readers Don’t Have to Work to Understand the Story
3. Strong Plot Sign #1: The Stakes Are High
We already know a good story needs conflict.
Without conflict,
there is not much to tell other than a boring tale of perfection.
However, just having a conflict
isn’t typically enough
to leave your readers on the edge of their seats
wondering what might happen next.
High stakes
is an expression
that means an activity
which is high-risk and dangerous.
It’s a gambling term
– and your novel
should be able to convey that your characters are risking a lot
in order to resolve the novel’s main conflict point.
Example of a High Stake Scenario
Let’s imagine for a moment
that we have a book
about a teenage boy in high school
with a big math test coming up in a week.
4. Passing a math test
probably doesn’t seem like a big deal – until you raise the stakes.
What does the character have to lose
if he does not succeed?
-What if failing the math test
means losing his college football scholarship
and forever ruining his chances of playing professionally?
-What if he fails the math test
and he gets grounded for a week?
-What if there is a serial killer on the loose
and all of the murder victims
so far have been high school students with poor math grades?
See how these different scenarios
can alter the stakes?
With these examples
you can see
if the boy gets grounded for a week that’s not really a lot to lose.
However,
if he ends up being chased by a math-obsessed serial killer
or loses his college scholarship – now that is a lot to lose and risk.
Ultimately, it will be up to you as the writer to determine
what the stakes should be for your characters.
Here’s What You Need to Ask Yourself While Writing:
5. -What is the motivation for the character’s goals?
-What are they risking to achieve the goal?
-What will happen if they fail?
Asking these questions
can help you raise the stakes
and make sure
it really matters whether or not the conflict is resolved.
Having high stakes builds tension in your novel,
and keeps the story line moving.
The higher the stakes,
the more vulnerable and relatable your main character will be.
The more significant
the consequences of particular actions of your characters,
the more likely your readers will be intrigued to keep reading.
Your readers should always be wondering:
“What happens next?”
6. Strong Plot Sign #2:
The Events Are as Realistic as Possible
One of the biggest mistakes many writers make
is they conveniently fix the problems
and make things happen too easily for the characters.
When something is difficult,
you won’t meet a mystery stranger
who swoops in and saves the day
by just randomly flying overhead in a helicopter
to rescue your hero from the side of a cliff.
This just doesn’t happen,
and your readers aren’t going to buy it either,
even if they are well aware it’s a fiction novel.
Instead, think about what is more realistically possible.
Let your hero fall, get hurt,
and try to survive in the wilderness for two weeks
until finally
discovering a dirt road
that leads to a small town
where there are other people
who might be able to help them.
Using scenarios
which are more likely to be realistic
makes your characters stronger
and easier for your readers
to connect to your story.
If it’s not plausible,
it’s time to reconsider
what would be the most likely outcome for a specific event.
7. Strong Plot Sign #3: Everything is Consistent
One of the biggest mistakes
you might notice in a book
is that there are inconsistencies
throughout a novel.
Sometimes
these inconsistencies are minor details,
such as a character’s physical traits
or a description of a location.
Sometimes
these inconsistencies are huge gaping flaws
in character development.
For example,
in one scene your character is loving and sweet and kind.
In the next scene
they have developed a selfish, angry and arrogant attitude.
Unless your main character is Dr. Henry Jekyll, this is not good!
These things don’t add up for readers, and they can weaken your plot.
When you are going through revision process of your novel,
it is very important to look for these little inconsistencies
that can cause confusion in your readers.
Start by interviewing your characters
with character development questions.
Make a novel outline. Look for the holes.
8. Strong Plot Sign #4:
Every Scene Contributes to a Common Goal
I know as a writer
it’s easy to get distracted sometimes from your original plot
and the goal of your characters.
However,
if you have scenes in your novel’s plot
that do not contribute to the overall theme
or goal of the primary climax point,
you are only weakening your plot.
While you might think adding
a few “side scenes” here and there add interest,
they actually can cause the reader to lose focus
and become distracted from the main plot line.
Trust me when I say a distracted reader is NOT a good thing!
Instead of a strong plot, you get a weak and watered down story.
When you are revising your work,
it’s very important
that you make sure
you do not lose sight of what actually contributes to the story.
Anything that is a distraction
or is not critically important to the main plot
should be cut.
Sad as it may be to cut these scenes,
your writing will be stronger because of it.
Which leads me to the next point
for what makes a strong novel plot.
9. Strong Plot Sign #5:
Your Readers
Don’t Have to Work to Understand the Story
Most people read for leisure and fun.
Reading
is a way to shut our brains off
from the usual daily grind.
Some would even suggest reading
could be considered
a form of mindfulness and meditation.
Reading a book
means I don’t have to think
about what I will cook for dinner,
what time that appointment is next week,
the 9 bazillion things on the to-do list
or speculate on how to solve the universe.
It gives my brain
a very much needed break
to turn off the world.
Unfortunately,
something that happens frequently
is that I pick up a book,
and before
the end of the second chapter it starts feeling like work.
I have to re-read several parts of the book.
I am not “getting it” on the first try.
There is a real amount of mental labor required.
10. Books I Couldn’t Finish Reading:
The Whole Thing Together
I didn’t really have any expectations for the book
or even know what it was about.
Apparently,
I made a very big mistake:
I didn’t read the book teaser on the inside cover first.
I all too innocently just opened up the cover and started reading.
This was definitely a big mistake.
Because before even the end of chapter 1,
I was desperately trying to understand
this whole character list
and figure out where the story took place:
Lila – Not positive, but I think this is the mother
Ray – The main character, I think – at least the beginning is from his point of view
Quinn – sister?
Mattie – sister?
Sasha – a half sister? step sister? third sister once removed? Not really sure
Grandpa Harrison, deceased
Uncle Malcolm in Mexico
A biological grandmother who was adopted
Robert? Is this the father or a brother?
Charlotte
Of course,
I don’t know
if any of the details above are actually accurate,
because
the way it was all pieced together was so confusing.
11. Sadly,
there are probably characters
missing from my hashed together list above.
I learned only after re-reading the chapter
there actually was not a character named Charlotte,
but my brain
somehow picked it up as being a person
because
the book makes a reference to E.B. White’s Charlotte’s Web.
And Uncle Malcolm lived in New Mexico, not Mexico.
At that point,
I decided to read the cover description
for some sort of clue
on what the story was about.
Apparently,
we have two families who share a common house,
but they are not related in any genetic way.
Sad to say, but I abandoned ship.
I’d like to say I finished the book, but I didn’t.
I stopped
after the mentioning of grandmother’s adoption papers,
because
I was already way too confused
to want to have to do
the work of trying to piece together
a confusing adoption for dead grandparents.
12. If I have to re-read a chapter
to understand something
that is unnecessary work
and a waste of my time as the reader.
I am sure
this novel likely
would not pass the #4 test on this list either,
but I never even got to that point
to get past the first scene.
This book is the perfect example of the type of book
that is TOO MUCH WORK to read.
Apparently
we also missed that memo
on main vs. supporting characters.
I do however give my daughter
a lot of credit for being able to finish the book.
I appreciated even more that
she took the time
to explain this crazy mess of characters and people
and even drew me a diagram to explain it all.
13. Here’s a Handy Rule to Follow:
If your readers at any point
need to re-read a chapter
to find clarity
or rely on a flow chart, map, chart, family history tree
or other type of diagram to understand your book,
your book is way too complicated.
Your novel
is only as strong as your reader’s mental energy levels.
Most readers have lives outside of the world of books.
They go to work,
they have families of their own,
and they have responsibilities and stress in their personal lives
like every other human being.
There are already so many other things
demanding energy
– your book
is not supposed to be one of them.
Keep it simple.
Your book
should have maybe 5 characters
that we know by name.
The rest are just like ants on a sidewalk.
We can make note of the ants in our story,
but we definitely.
Don’t need to give each ant on the sidewalk
a name and a backstory.
14. Writing a novel doesn’t have to be hard.
And you don’t have
to even get a strong novel plot perfect
on the first try.
In fact,
it’s very realistic to know
you are going to make these mistakes as a writer.
I look back at
some of my early novels
I wrote in my teens and cringe
because
all of these mistakes are present in most of them.
The good news is,
with experience,
you will get a LOT better
at avoiding these common mistakes.
Your novels
will start to pass the “is this a strong novel plot test”
– and then,
once you have a few good novels in the hopper,
you are ready to start seriously consider
publishing and marketing yourself
as an author.