4_SWITCHING.pptx.pdf
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The document discusses different methods for switching in computer networks, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. It provides figures and explanations of single-stage and multi-stage switches, time-division multiplexing with and without time-slot interchange, datagram and virtual circuit approaches for packet switching, and examples of switched and permanent virtual circuits for message switching.
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Ch14
This document discusses different types of switching techniques used in telecommunications networks, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. It provides figures illustrating circuit-switched networks, different types of switches like folded and crossbar switches, time-division multiplexing with and without time-slot interchange, datagram and switched virtual circuit approaches for packet switching, and message switching. The document focuses on network switching architectures and methods.
Ch14
This document discusses different types of switching techniques used in telecommunications networks, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. It includes diagrams of common switch architectures like folded switches, crossbar switches, and multistage switches. The techniques of time-division multiplexing, time-slot interchange, and switched virtual circuits are examined. Finally, datagram and message switching approaches are outlined.
Switching
The document discusses different methods for switching in telecommunications networks, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. It provides figures illustrating circuit-switched networks, various switch designs like crossbar and multistage switches, and time-division multiplexing with and without time-slot interchange. Packet switching techniques like the datagram approach and switched virtual circuits are depicted. Message switching is also mentioned.
Switching
The document discusses different methods for switching in telecommunications networks, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. It provides figures illustrating circuit-switched networks, various switch designs like crossbar and multistage switches, and time-division multiplexing with and without time-slot interchange. Packet switching techniques like the datagram approach and switched virtual circuits are depicted. Message switching is also mentioned.
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The document discusses different types of transmission media, including guided and unguided media. It focuses on common guided media like twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. Diagrams and descriptions are provided for each type of cable and how they transmit data electromagnetically or via light pulses through optical fibers.
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Ch14
This document discusses different types of switching techniques used in telecommunications networks, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. It provides figures illustrating circuit-switched networks, different types of switches like folded and crossbar switches, time-division multiplexing with and without time-slot interchange, datagram and switched virtual circuit approaches for packet switching, and message switching. The document focuses on network switching architectures and methods.
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This document discusses different types of switching techniques used in telecommunications networks, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. It includes diagrams of common switch architectures like folded switches, crossbar switches, and multistage switches. The techniques of time-division multiplexing, time-slot interchange, and switched virtual circuits are examined. Finally, datagram and message switching approaches are outlined.
Switching
The document discusses different methods for switching in telecommunications networks, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. It provides figures illustrating circuit-switched networks, various switch designs like crossbar and multistage switches, and time-division multiplexing with and without time-slot interchange. Packet switching techniques like the datagram approach and switched virtual circuits are depicted. Message switching is also mentioned.
Switching
The document discusses different methods for switching in telecommunications networks, including circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. It provides figures illustrating circuit-switched networks, various switch designs like crossbar and multistage switches, and time-division multiplexing with and without time-slot interchange. Packet switching techniques like the datagram approach and switched virtual circuits are depicted. Message switching is also mentioned.
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The document discusses metropolitan area networks and covers three main topics: IEEE 802.6, DQDB (Distributed Queues, Dual Bus) network architecture, and SMDS (Switched Megabit Data Services). DQDB uses dual counter-rotating rings to connect nodes and transmit data packets using a reservation token system with distributed queues. SMDS provides switched connections for connecting local area networks over wide-area networks.
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The document discusses different types of transmission media, including guided and unguided media. It focuses on common guided media like twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. Diagrams and descriptions are provided for each type of cable and how they transmit data electromagnetically or via light pulses through optical fibers.
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The document discusses different types of telephone networks including analog switched service, analog leased service, and analog hierarchy. It also examines digital networks such as switched/56 service, DDS, DS hierarchy, T-1 lines, T-1 frames, and fractional T-1 lines. Diagrams and figures are referenced throughout to illustrate key components and concepts relating to analog and digital telephone networks.
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The document discusses digital data transmission and interfaces. It describes different transmission methods like parallel and serial transmission and synchronous and asynchronous transmission. It also discusses Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE) interfaces, and interface standards like EIA-232. Modems are discussed as devices that convert digital signals from DTEs to analog signals for transmission and vice versa. Various figures illustrate these concepts.
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This document discusses two metropolitan area network technologies: IEEE 802.6 DQDB and SMDS. DQDB uses a dual-bus topology with distributed queues to transmit data between nodes. It employs reservation tokens to control access to the buses. SMDS is a switched network that connects local area networks using T-carrier telephone lines. The document includes several figures illustrating aspects of how DQDB and SMDS are structured and operate.
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4_SWITCHING.pptx.pdf
- 1. Chapter 14 Switching • Circuit Switching • Packet Switching • Message Switching WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,
- 2. Figure 14-1 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Switched Network
- 3. Figure 14-2 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,
- 4. Figure 14-3 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Circuit-Switched Network
- 5. Figure 14-4 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Switch
- 6. Figure 14-6 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,
- 7. Figure 14-7 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Crossbar Switch
- 8. • How many crosspoints are needed in a single-stage switch with 40 inputs and 50 outputs? a. 40 b. 50 c. 90 d. 2000
- 9. Figure 14-8 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Multistage Switch
- 10. Figure 14-9 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Switching Path
- 11. Figure 14-9-continued WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Switching Path
- 12. Comparison • 15-by-15 single stage crossbar – Needs ? crosspoints • 15-by-15 multistage crossbar – Needs ? crosspoints
- 13. Comparison • 15-by-15 single stage crossbar – Needs 225 crosspoints • 15-by-15 multistage crossbar – Needs 78 crosspoints (30+18+30). • Three first stage switches, each with 10 crosspoints(5*2), for a total of 30 crosspoints. • Two second stage switches, each with 9 crosspoints(3*3), for a total of 18 crosspoints. • Three third stage switches, each with 10 crosspoints(5*2), for a total of 30 crosspoints.
- 14. Figure 14-10 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., TDM without TSI (Time slot Interchange
- 15. Figure 14-10-continued WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., TDM with TSI
- 16. Figure 14-11 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Time-Slot Interchange
- 18. Figure 14-12 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., TST Switch
- 19. Figure 14-13 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,
- 20. Figure 14-14 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Datagram Approach
- 21. Figure 14-15 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Datagram Approach, Multiple Channels
- 23. VIRTUAL CIRCUIT APPROACH 1. SWITCHED VIRTUAL CIRCUIT 2. PERMANENT VIRTUAL CIRCUIT
- 24. Figure 14-16 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Switched Virtual Circuit
- 25. Figure 14-16-continued WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Switched Virtual Circuit
- 26. Figure 14-16-continued WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Switched Virtual Circuit
- 27. Permanent virtual circuits Permanent connection for the duration of the lease
- 28. Figure 14-17 WCB/McGraw-Hill © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Message Switching