RDS occurs in premature babies whose lungs are not fully developed due to a lack of surfactant. Surfactant coats the air sacs in the lungs and keeps them open for gas exchange. A baby with RDS may experience fast breathing, grunting, changes in skin color or chest retractions. Doctors diagnose RDS through physical exams, chest x-rays, echocardiograms or blood tests. Treatment focuses on replacing surfactant or providing breathing support through nasal CPAP, ventilation or nutrition. While some infants recover, RDS can cause complications like bronchopulmonary dysplasia or brain and lung damage, especially in very premature babies.
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RDS occurs in premature babies whose lungs are not fully developed due to a lack of surfactant. Surfactant coats the air sacs in the lungs and keeps them open for gas exchange. A baby with RDS may experience fast breathing, grunting, changes in skin color or chest retractions. Doctors diagnose RDS through physical exams, chest x-rays, echocardiograms or blood tests. Treatment focuses on replacing surfactant or providing breathing support through nasal CPAP, ventilation or nutrition. While some infants recover, RDS can cause complications like bronchopulmonary dysplasia or brain and lung damage, especially in very premature babies.
Facial plastic surgery aims to reshape structures in the head and neck such as the nose, ears, chin, and cheekbones. It can be done for reconstructive purposes after an injury or disease, or for cosmetic reasons to change features from birth or reverse signs of aging. There are several types of facial plastic surgery procedures including facelifts, brow lifts, eyelid lifts, ear pinning/reshaping, and nasal surgery. Plastic surgery is divided into reconstructive surgery, which aims to reconstruct parts of the body or improve functioning, and cosmetic surgery, which aims to improve appearance. Cleft lip and palate are common conditions treated by plastic surgeons, with cleft lip repair typically done at 3 months and
There are four main types of anesthesia: general anesthesia, which renders the patient unconscious; regional anesthesia, which numbs a specific body region; sedation, which relaxes the patient; and local anesthesia, which numbs a small area. General anesthesia involves inhaling gases or receiving IV medications to induce unconsciousness. Regional anesthesia blocks sensation in an area through techniques like epidurals or nerve blocks. Sedation provides drowsiness through IV drugs at varying levels. Local anesthesia numbs through injection or cream for minor procedures.
I would do the following:
1. Assess for delirium by checking vital signs, mental status, and reviewing the medication list for any recent changes.
2. Taper and discontinue the ropinirole and alprazolam which can worsen hallucinations.
3. Consider reducing the levodopa dose gradually if hallucinations persist after stopping the other medications.
4. Initiate a trial of quetiapine or clozapine which are less likely to worsen parkinsonism compared to other antipsychotics. Start low and titrate slowly.
5. Reassure the patient and family that the hallucinations are likely due to Parkinson's disease progression and
Endovascular surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that uses catheters to diagnose and treat vascular diseases. Catheters are inserted into arteries and veins to access the vascular system. This allows surgeons to treat conditions affecting arteries like the aorta or carotid arteries. Some benefits of endovascular surgery are that it does not require incisions, results in shorter hospital stays and recovery times, and has lower risks of complications than open surgery. Common techniques include balloon angioplasty and stenting to open narrowed arteries, as well as procedures to remove blood clots or block blood flow to areas like tumors.
This document discusses acute rheumatic fever and infective endocarditis. It provides details on rheumatic fever such as its characterization by inflammatory lesions of connective tissues like the heart, joints, blood vessels and subcutaneous tissue. It is initiated by untreated Group A streptococcal infections. Infective endocarditis is defined as a microbial infection of the heart's endothelial surface. It is classified as acute or subacute and clinical manifestations include fever, anorexia, weight loss and heart murmurs.
Pharmacology of Antiepileptic Drugs
1) Seizures occur due to abnormal neuronal excitation and synchronization in the brain, while epilepsy is characterized by recurrent seizures. 2) Antiepileptic drugs work by enhancing inhibition (GABA) or reducing excitation (glutamate/sodium channels) in the brain. 3) Common antiepileptic drugs include phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, topiramate, levetiracetam, which have different mechanisms of action and side effect profiles.
The document discusses the anatomo-physiological features of the cardiovascular system. It was prepared by Raximjonov Saidmurod for the Faculty of Medicine at Tashkent Medical Academy. The topic focuses on the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the heart and blood vessels.
This document discusses cholinomimetics and cholinoblockers. It begins by describing the autonomic nervous system and its cholinergic and adrenergic components. It then discusses the mechanisms of acetylcholine and its interaction with nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Specific drugs are discussed, including nicotine, cytisine, and various anticholinesterases. Ganglionic blockers and neuromuscular blockers are also covered. The document provides detailed information on the classifications, mechanisms of action, effects, uses, and side effects of these drug classes.
This document outlines a new research agenda for drowning prevention and rescue efforts in high-income countries. It identifies several key domains for further research, including epidemiology, prevention, rescue, pathophysiology, resuscitation, and education. The document emphasizes the need for national, multidisciplinary data registration on both fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents to improve understanding and inform prevention strategies. It also highlights specific questions within each domain that remain unanswered and could guide future research efforts.
The document outlines a 15 step process involving various tasks such as gathering requirements, designing interfaces, developing code, testing functionality, deploying the system, and gathering user feedback. Each step of the process is marked with a checkmark, indicating it has been completed or needs to be completed by a certain date.
3. •Силнинг патоморфологик ва
клиник куринишлари хилма –
хил булганлиги учун асосий
ва умумий белгиларига,
патоморфологик
куринишларига караб
касаллик бир неча
гурухларга булинган.
4. Гиппократ силни 2 хил
куринишини:
1.Уткир кечувчи ёки кузиган
сил.
2.Сурункали сил.
5. •Лаэннек буйича силни 3 та
куриниши: (1819й)
1.Сил буртмачаларининг пайдо
булиши ва тупланиши
2.Сил буртмачаларининг юмшаш
даври.
3.Ковак пайдо булиш даври.
6. • К. Ранке таснифи буйича сил
бирламчи, иккиламчи ва учламчи
турларга булиниб, бирламчиси
организмга биринчи марта сил
таёкчаларининг юкиши: Иккиламчи
сил сил инфекциясининг кенг
таркалиши. Учламчи сил сил
жараёнинг кайталаниши натижасида
ривожланган сил турларини
фарклаган.
7. •А.И.Абрикосов таснифи:
(1923 й) сил жараёнининг
патогенетик ва морфологик
белгиларига асосланиб 2
турга бирламчи ва
иккиламчи силни айтиб
утган.
9. •Кейинчалик 1938 йилда силнинг
патогенези, морфологияси ,
клиник ва рентгенологик
белгилари, жойлашган урни,
таркалганлиги, беморнинг сил
таёкчасини ажратиш ва
ажратмаслигини хисобга олган
холда
13. давоми
• 011.4 Цирротик туберкулёз
• 012.0 Туберкулёз плеврити
(эмпиема хам)
• 012.3 Бронх, трахея, юқори нафас
йўллари туберкулёзи
• 011 (502) Нафас аъзолари
туберкулёзининг
ўпканинг чангли касб
касалликлари билан бирга
келиши
14. III гуруҳ Бошқа аъзолар ва
системалар туберкулёзи
• 013 Бош мия пардалари ва
МНСнинг туберкулёзи
• 014 Ичак, қорин пардаси ва ичак
тутқичи лимфа тугунларининг
туберкулёзи
• 015 Суяк ва бўғимлар туберкулёзи
• 016 Сийдик ва жинсий аъзолар
туберкулёзи
15. давоми
• 017.0 Тери ва тери ости қавати
туберкулёзи
• 017.2 Периферик лимфа
тугунлари туберкулёзи
• 017.3 Кўз туберкулёзи
• 017.4 Бошқа аъзолар
туберкулёзи
19. Г. Даволаган туберкулёзни қолдиқ
ўзгаришлар
А. Нафас олиш аъзоларидаги:
• Фиброзли
• Фиброз-ўчоқли
• Буллёз-дистофик
• Кальцинатли
• Ўпка ва лимфа тугунлари
• Плевропневмосклероз
• Цирроз
• Амалиётдан кейинги холат
Б. Бошқа аъзоларидаги
20. МКБ 10
1989 йилда БЖССТ нинг 43- халқаро
конференциясида касалликлар ва
саломатлик билан боғлиқ бўлган
муаммоларнинг халқаро
классификацияси 10-маротаба
қайта кўриб чиқилган ва
тасдиқланган эди.
24. Бирламчи сил
• Организмга туберкулез
таёқчаларининг биринчи марта
кириши натижасида ривожлади.
• Лимфа ва қон томирлари орқали
тарқалади
• Ўта сезувчанлиги тавсифланади
25. МБТнинг организмга кириш йўллари
АЭРОГЕН
95 % ҳолларда
Абрикосов, Ранке ва
бошқ.
АЛИМЕНТАР ВА
ЛИМФОИД ТЎҚИМА
ОРҚАЛИ
Е. Беринг и К.
Константинини