2. Facial plastic surgery is performed to reshape
structures in the head and neck — typically the
nose, ears, chin, cheekbones and neckline. People
seeking this surgery may be motivated by a desire
to reconstruct the face after an injury or disease or
to change a feature present from birth. Or they may
want to reverse the signs of aging, remove contour
irregularities or make the features of the face
appear in proportion with one another.
3. Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving the restoration,
reconstruction or alteration of the human body. It can be divided
into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic
surgery. Reconstructive surgery includes craniofacial
surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns.
While reconstructive surgery aims to reconstruct a part of the body
or improve its functioning, cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery aims at
improving the appearance of it. Comprehensive definition of plastic
surgery has never been established, because it no distinct
anatomical object and thus overlaps with practically all other
surgical specialties. An essential feature of plastic surgery is that it
involves treatment of conditions that require or may require tissue
relocation skills.
4. Types of plactic surgery of face
•Facelift.
•Brow/forehead lift.
•Eyelid lift.
•Ear pinning.
•Ear reshaping.
•Hair replacement surgery.
•Nasal surgery.
•Nose reshaping.
5. A baby with a cleft might have:
•only a cleft palate
•only a cleft lip
•both a cleft lip and a cleft palate
The most common disease used in plastic surgery
7. A cleft palate (PAL-it) is when a baby is
born with an opening (a cleft) in the roof of
the mouth. This leaves a hole between the
nose and the mouth.
The opening can:
•just be in the back of the palate (the soft
palate)
or
•extend into the front of the palate behind
the gums (the hard palate)
8.
9. Cleft Palate Repair
A cleft palate usually is repaired with surgery
called palatoplasty (PAL-eh-tuh-plass-tee) when
the baby is 10–12 months old. The goals of
palatoplasty are to:
•Close the opening between the nose and mouth.
•Help create a palate that works well for speech.
•Prevent food and liquid from leaking out of the
nose.
In palate repair surgery, the surgeon will:
•Rearrange and repair the muscles of the soft
palate so they work better during speech.
•Close the cleft in layers.
10. The surgeon may need to make two incisions (cuts) on
each side of the palate behind the gums to ease tension
on the palate repair. These are called “relaxing
incisions.” In some cases, the surgeon may also borrow
some tissue from the inner surface of the cheeks to help
complete the repair.
Cleft palate repair requires general anesthesia and
takes about 2–3 hours. Most babies can go home after 1
or 2 days in the hospital. The stitches will dissolve on
their own.
Your child will need a liquid or blenderized (puréed)
diet for about 3 weeks after surgery before starting to
eat foods that are hard or crunchy. You may be asked to
keep your baby in special sleeves ("no-nos") that
prevent the elbows from bending. This is so your baby
can't put any fingers or hard objects into the mouth,
11.
12. Babies who are born with cleft lip have
a gap or opening in the upper lip. This
happens when the baby's lip doesn't
form properly early in pregnancy,
resulting in a split.
A cleft lip can be:
•on one side of the lip (a unilateral
cleft lip). This type is more common.
•on both sides of the lip (a bilateral
cleft lip)
13.
14. Cleft Lip Repair
A plastic surgeon will repair the baby's cleft lip first, usually
when the baby is about 3 months old. This is done with a surgery
called cheiloplasty (KY-lo-plass-tee). It's done in the hospital
while the baby is under general anesthesia.
The goals of cleft lip repair are to:
•Close the cleft.
•Improve the shape and symmetry of the upper lip and nose.
If the cleft lip is wide, special procedures like lip adhesion or
nasal alveolar molding (NAM) might help bring the parts of the
lip closer together and improve the shape of the nose before the
cleft lip repair. Cleft lip repair leaves a small scar under the
nose in place of the cleft.
