Axial bones, also known as the axial skeleton, refer to the central framework of bones in the human body that forms the central axis. These bones are primarily responsible for providing support and protection to vital organs, as well as facilitating various bodily functions. The axial skeleton includes the following bone structures: 1. Skull: The skull is made up of cranial bones that encase the brain and facial bones that support the facial features. 2.Vertebral Column (Spine): This is a series of vertebrae, including cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae, which provide support to the body and protect the spinal cord. 3. Ribs: The ribs are long, curved bones that protect the chest and its contents, such as the heart and lungs. 4. Sternum (Breastbone): The sternum is a flat bone in the front of the chest that supports the ribcage and provides attachment points for the ribs. 5. Hyoid Bone: The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue and aids in speech and swallowing. The axial skeleton is essential for maintaining posture, protecting vital organs, and providing structural support for the head, neck, and trunk. It serves as the core upon which the rest of the body's bones, such as those of the appendicular skeleton (limb bones), attach. Understanding the anatomy of axial bones is crucial in the study of human biology and anatomy.