Australia has one of the most affordable, accessible and comprehensive healthcare systems in the world. The Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing promotes good health and ensure all Australians have access to key health and family services
This is a powerpoint presentation converted to PDF regarding a consumer perspective on our state health system. Just the basic facts and what we need to still address, even after health reform. Brought to you by Jodiesjourney.com
The purpose of this briefing is to help you to identify the immediate priority actions to commission effective end of life care.
Publication by the National End of Life Programme which became part of NHS Improving Quality in May 2013
Health access for all Thailand’s.The Thai citizens gain universal access to essential health services at zero cost, and reap significant benefits as babies get healthier, workers increase productivity, and households reduce financial risk.
Australia has one of the most affordable, accessible and comprehensive healthcare systems in the world. The Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing promotes good health and ensure all Australians have access to key health and family services
This is a powerpoint presentation converted to PDF regarding a consumer perspective on our state health system. Just the basic facts and what we need to still address, even after health reform. Brought to you by Jodiesjourney.com
The purpose of this briefing is to help you to identify the immediate priority actions to commission effective end of life care.
Publication by the National End of Life Programme which became part of NHS Improving Quality in May 2013
Health access for all Thailand’s.The Thai citizens gain universal access to essential health services at zero cost, and reap significant benefits as babies get healthier, workers increase productivity, and households reduce financial risk.
Universal Health Coverage Action Framework for the Western Pacific RegionAlbert Domingo
Presentation by Dr Albert Francis Domingo, delivered at the meeting on rehabilitation as part of the continuum of people-centred health care, Seoul (Republic of Korea), 13-15 December 2016.
Australia has a mainly tax-funded health care system, with medical services subsidized through a universal national health insurance scheme.
some review about it.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional, interdisciplinary diagnostic process to determine the medical, psychological and functional capabilities of a frail elderly person in order to develop a co-ordinated and integrated plan for treatment and long-term follow up
INDIA : TOWARDS UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGEDevesh Shukla
Challenges of Universal Health provision
Urban – Rural Divide Statistics
Current state of Healthcare in India
Change in consumer mindset
Milestones in Independent India
Way Forward in Health care
WHAT IS HEALTH?
The word "health " refers to a state of complete emotional and physical wellbeing. Healthcare exists to help people
maintain this optimal state of health.
In 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined health with a phrase that is still used today. "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." WHO, 1948.
In 1986, the WHO further clarified that health is: "A resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities."
This means that health is a resource to support an individual's function in wider society. A healthful lifestyle provides the means to lead a full life.
TYPES OF HEALTH
Mental and physical health are the two most commonly discussed types of health.
We also talk about "spiritual health," "emotional health," and "financial health," among others. These have also been linked to lower stress levels and mental and physical well being.
Physical health
Physical health involves proper functioning of all body parts. When they are all working at peak performance due not only to a lack of disease, but also to regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and adequate rest.
Mental health
Mental health refers to a person's emotional, social, and psychological wellbeing. Mental health is as important as
physical health to a full, active lifestyle. Mental health is not only the absence of depression, anxiety, or another
disorder.
It also depends on the ability to: enjoy life , bounce back after difficult experiences, achieve balance, adapt to adversity, feel safe and secure, and achieve your potential.
The Indonesia HiT reports the significant improvement in the health status of the population over the last 25 years through transitional period in all fields. However, the country faces remaining and foreseeing challenges in communicable diseases and emerging NCDs. The HiT concludes with the future challenges of expanding coverage of National health insurance scheme (JKN), reducing regional disparities in health-care services, managing resources and engaging private sector.
The Thailand HiT reports that sustained political commitment to the health of the population since the 1970s has resulted in significant investment in health infrastructure, in particular primary health care, district and provincial referral hospitals, and strengthened the overall functioning of the Thai health system. After Thailand achieved universal health coverage in 2002, public expenditure on health significantly increased from 63% to 77% and out-of-pocket expense was reduced from 27.2% to 12.4% of the total health spending in 2011.
Health Impact Assessment of E-Medicine and Norway's Healthcare Policy ReformWyiki Wyone
High Distinction for the Final Masters research thesis:
Heath Impact Assessment on Policy Reforms to improve the Norwegian healthcare system; and the benefits of telemedicine for equitable access to healthcare for geographically distant or vulnerable populations
Universal Health Coverage Action Framework for the Western Pacific RegionAlbert Domingo
Presentation by Dr Albert Francis Domingo, delivered at the meeting on rehabilitation as part of the continuum of people-centred health care, Seoul (Republic of Korea), 13-15 December 2016.
Australia has a mainly tax-funded health care system, with medical services subsidized through a universal national health insurance scheme.
some review about it.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional, interdisciplinary diagnostic process to determine the medical, psychological and functional capabilities of a frail elderly person in order to develop a co-ordinated and integrated plan for treatment and long-term follow up
INDIA : TOWARDS UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGEDevesh Shukla
Challenges of Universal Health provision
Urban – Rural Divide Statistics
Current state of Healthcare in India
Change in consumer mindset
Milestones in Independent India
Way Forward in Health care
WHAT IS HEALTH?
The word "health " refers to a state of complete emotional and physical wellbeing. Healthcare exists to help people
maintain this optimal state of health.
In 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined health with a phrase that is still used today. "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." WHO, 1948.
In 1986, the WHO further clarified that health is: "A resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities."
This means that health is a resource to support an individual's function in wider society. A healthful lifestyle provides the means to lead a full life.
TYPES OF HEALTH
Mental and physical health are the two most commonly discussed types of health.
We also talk about "spiritual health," "emotional health," and "financial health," among others. These have also been linked to lower stress levels and mental and physical well being.
Physical health
Physical health involves proper functioning of all body parts. When they are all working at peak performance due not only to a lack of disease, but also to regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and adequate rest.
Mental health
Mental health refers to a person's emotional, social, and psychological wellbeing. Mental health is as important as
physical health to a full, active lifestyle. Mental health is not only the absence of depression, anxiety, or another
disorder.
It also depends on the ability to: enjoy life , bounce back after difficult experiences, achieve balance, adapt to adversity, feel safe and secure, and achieve your potential.
The Indonesia HiT reports the significant improvement in the health status of the population over the last 25 years through transitional period in all fields. However, the country faces remaining and foreseeing challenges in communicable diseases and emerging NCDs. The HiT concludes with the future challenges of expanding coverage of National health insurance scheme (JKN), reducing regional disparities in health-care services, managing resources and engaging private sector.
The Thailand HiT reports that sustained political commitment to the health of the population since the 1970s has resulted in significant investment in health infrastructure, in particular primary health care, district and provincial referral hospitals, and strengthened the overall functioning of the Thai health system. After Thailand achieved universal health coverage in 2002, public expenditure on health significantly increased from 63% to 77% and out-of-pocket expense was reduced from 27.2% to 12.4% of the total health spending in 2011.
Health Impact Assessment of E-Medicine and Norway's Healthcare Policy ReformWyiki Wyone
High Distinction for the Final Masters research thesis:
Heath Impact Assessment on Policy Reforms to improve the Norwegian healthcare system; and the benefits of telemedicine for equitable access to healthcare for geographically distant or vulnerable populations
It is a presentation on The HR Practices of Best places to work. It is presented by Sravani Lakshmi, Shanky Jaiswal, Karan Khanna, Kuldeep Indeevar, Manish Kumar Verma and Madhusudan Partani of FMG 18A, FORE School of Management
Global health care challenges and trends_ bestyBesty Varghese
GLOBAL HEALTH CARE CHALLENGES AND TRENDS: Analyses the global healthcare trends and challenges.
Healthcare providers have a unique window of opportunity to embrace efficient new technologies that directly support better healthcare and patient experiences at a lower cost.
New healthcare systems will be:
Evidence- and prevention-based
Interdisciplinary and coordinated
Transparent, accessible, accurate, and understandable
Focused on improving patient outcomes and experience
Based on partnerships among stakeholders
Visionary in their long-term thinking
And in total International health + Global public health + Collective health + Global health diplomacy = LIFE’S RIGHT.
Global health care challenges and trends_ bestyBesty Varghese
GLOBAL HEALTH CARE CHALLENGES AND TRENDS: Analyses the global healthcare trends and challenges.
Healthcare providers have a unique window of opportunity to embrace efficient new technologies that directly support better healthcare and patient experiences at a lower cost.
New healthcare systems will be:
Evidence- and prevention-based
Interdisciplinary and coordinated
Transparent, accessible, accurate, and understandable
Focused on improving patient outcomes and experience
Based on partnerships among stakeholders
Visionary in their long-term thinking
And in total International health + Global public health + Collective health + Global health diplomacy = LIFE’S RIGHT
Universal health coverage was established in the WHO constitution of 1948 declaring health a fundamental human right.The goal of universal health coverage is to ensure that all people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them.
Medibank Managing Director speaks at Amercian Chamber of CommerceLaura Harris
Medibank Managing Director, George Savvides presented at the American Chamber of Commerce in Melbourne about Medibank’s approach to primary care and its integrated care pilots.
Webinar: Public health and policy reform - Mitigating Increases in the State ...ILC- UK
In this webinar, members of the informal MISPA group highlighted some of the unintended consequences for public health due to the legislated increases to the State Pension Age. Such consequences will impact the NHS, occupational health, social care, the voluntary sector, and older people themselves. Preparing for these impacts can help mitigate them, and the necessity of such preparation is underscored by the current COVID-19 crisis.
The presentation gives a brief overview of the concept of the following :
1. what are user chargers
2. should we abolish them or not.
3. What could be the impact of either keeping them or abolishing them,
4. What role would the abolishment of User Charges play in achieving the goal of Universal Health Coverage?
4.8.4 AWHN Conference 6 2010 Theatrette Wool Store:Reproductive Health at Risk:
Challenges Associated with
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
in remote Central Australia
4.8.2 AWHN Conference 6 2010 Theatrette Wool Store:IMPROVING WOMEN’S ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICESTHE INNOVATIVE ROLE OF THE WOMEN’S HEALTH NURSE PRACTITIONER
4.1.4 AWHN Conference 6 2010 Federation Concert Hall: Cooperation and collaboration between NACCHO & AWHN and the Talking Circle. National Aboriginal Community ControlledHealthOrganisation.Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
2. Australian women's access to treatment services jeopardised by
•user charges for medical and diagnostic services
•user charges for pharmaceuticals
•geographical maldistribution of services
Australian women's access to health services limited by
•undue focus on hospital and medical (treatment) services
•lack of investment in community-based, primary health care
Health disparities among Australian women maintained/exacerbated by
•refusal of policymakers to recognise access issues
•refusal of policymakers to recognise social determinants
3. USER CHARGES AND ACCESS
2007 Commonwealth Fund study of seven OECD countries found for Australia
•13% did not visit the doctor when sick
•17% skipped recommended medical test, treatment or follow up
due to cost
•13% did not get a prescription filled or skipped doses to make pills
last (Health Affairs 26 (6): w717-34)
2010 Australian study found mental health service users with no fixed abode had
very low GP usage (MJA 2010; 192 (9): 501-6).
4. USER CHARGES AND ACCESS, PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC
CONDITIONS IN AUSTRALIA
2008 Commonwealth Fund study of patients with chronic conditions found
•20% did not fill prescriptions or skipped doses to make pills last
•21% did not visit a doctor when had medical problem
•25% did not get recommended test, treatment or follow up
because of cost
•36% experienced at least one of these access problems in the
previous year (Health Affairs 28 (1): W 1-16)
5. SOCIO ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND WOMEN'S USE OF SPECIALIST
MEDICAL AND NON-MEDICAL SERVICES, 2009, AUSTRALIA
Substantial economic inequality exists in use of
•specialist medical services
•allied health services (explained partly by PHI holding)
•alternative health services (explained partly by PHI holding)
•dental services
•general practitioner services
Socio-economically advantaged women less likely to use hospital based medical
services.
6. Possession of a concession card
•reduced inequality of access to GP services
•had no impact on use of specialist services -- (Korda, Banks,
Clements and Young 2009).
2002 Australian study of people in disadvantaged communities found
•higher levels of chronic disease; low rates of preventive care
•shorter consultations with GPs. Nationally, "a highly significant
increase in the rates of long plus longer consultations per head of
population with increasing socio-economic advantage"
(Furler et al 2002).
7. REVIEW OF THE MEDICARE SAFETY NET, 2009
•benefits have flowed to services more commonly used by the
better off
•55% of safety net benefits went to top quintile
•Least advantaged quintile received less than 3.5% of benefits
•30% of benefits for obstetric services; 22% for assisted reproductive
•8% for general practitioner services
•safety net has had little benefit for low socioeconomic or rural dwellers
•Safety net has allowed doctors to raise fees, leaving user charges
nearly as high as ever. Where user charges are high, 78% of benefit
went to providers, 22% to patients
(Commonwealth of Australia 2009).
8. GEOGRAPHICAL ACCESS
Rural shortage of
•hospital beds, GPs, maternity services, dental services,
allied health professionals
•lack of reproductive health services of all kinds, including abortion
facilities
•lack of transport and accommodation assistance
•lack of services for women and children escaping violence
•food and fresh water insecurity -- and so on
9. HEALTH STATUS OF RURAL AND REMOTE AUSTRALIANS
•Australians living outside major cities have shorter life expectancy and
higher rates of disability
•are more likely to be overweight, to smoke and to drink alcohol
excessively
•immunisation rates are lower, dental problems higher (Australian
Institute of Health and Welfare 2005).
10. THE INVERSE CARE LAW
The availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the needs of the
population served.
This inverse care law operates more completely where medical care is most
exposed to market forces, and less so where such exposure is reduced.
Julian Tudor Hart, Lancet, Saturday 27 February, 1971
11. AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT'S HEALTH REFORM RESPONSE, 2010
•1,300 new sub-acute hospital beds
•Over 6000 new doctors
•An additional 2500 aged care beds
•Emergency department waiting times capped at four hours
•Elective surgery delivered on time for 95 per cent of Australians
•An historic agreement to reshape mental health services and help
20,000 extra young people get access to mental health services
•More coordinated care for patients with diabetes in general practice
•A Commonwealth takeover of primary care
•A Commonwealth takeover of aged care
Total: $5.1 billion
12. HEALTH SPENDING, 2010 COMMONWEALTH BUDGET
•$355 million for 23 GP super clinics
•$390 million for more nurses in GP clinics
•$60 million for additional aged care nurses
•$69 million for rural nurses
•$467 million for electronic health records
•$417 million to increase after-hours access to doctors
(apparently Medicare Locals included in this but no detail)
Total: $2.2 billion -- offset by $2.5 billion saving in prices paid to
pharmaceutical manufacturers.
13. FOCUS ALMOST ENTIRELY ON MEDICAL MODEL
•No allocations for community health, women's health, Aboriginal
community controlled health services
•no budget allocation for mental health
•no spending on dental care and no new Commonwealth Dental
Scheme (dental problems key indicator of social disadvantage)
14. BUDGET MOVES THAT MAY INTENSIFY SOCIAL CAUSES OF ILL HEALTH
•access to disability support pensions tightened
•family tax benefit part A cut if 16 to 20-year-olds are not participating in
education and training
•no increase in unemployment benefit, now lagging behind other
pensioners by up to $100 per week
•no extra funding for wages for low paid community sector, including
women's health sector, and aged care workers
•cuts to childcare rebates, saving $86 million next year
•cuts to Family Court staff
15. STRATEGIC REVIEW OF HEALTH INEQUALITIES IN ENGLAND, POST 2010
(Marmot Review)
Aim: to create the conditions for people to take control of their own lives by
•giving every child the best start in life -- rebalance spending towards
early years
•enabling children, young people, adults to maximise capabilities and
control of lives
•creating fair employment and good work for all
•ensuring a healthy standard of living for all, minimum income
standards
for adequate nutrition, housing etc
•creating and developing sustainable places and communities --
physical
environment and social environment (good quality neighbourhoods,
16. REFERENCES
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2008) "Rural Regional and Remote
Health: Indicators of Health Status and Determinants of Health", Rural Health
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