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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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1. Chapter 1: The Empirical
Beginnings and Basic Contents
of Educational Psychology
2. Educational Psychology
•A branch of psychology that studies children
in an educational setting and is concerned
with teaching and learning methods,
cognitive development, and aptitude
assessment.
3. Historical Background
•Quintillanus – he was a Roman educator
that his views on the bad effects of corporal
punishment and on the value of
comradeship, also his views stimulated
educational thoughts which had been
neglected during the middle ages.
4. • Erasmus and Rotterdam – agreed on Quintillanus’ views on
corporal punishment but denied categorically its moral
significance in education.
• Comenius – in 17th century he stressed the necessity of taking
the individuality of the child in consideration.
• Locke – expressed the view that the child has natural
inclinations and interest, but that should be curbed on account
of the sinful nation of man.
5. • Jean Jacque Rosseau – he stressed that “ the education of the
child was naturally a central scheme,” adults should not force
their opinions and behavior on children.
• Pestalozzi - “Man is good and strives to attain goodness, and if
he is vile, it is because the path of goodness is closed to him.”
• Herman Ebbinghaus – “Father of Learning Psychology” his
works lead him to draw two major conclusions:
• 1. Once everything is learned, it is not forgotten in an even rate. Most
of what is forgotten is lost very quickly and the rest at a slow and fairly
stable rate.
• In order to learn new material, it is more efficient to space practice than
to mass it.
6. • James Mckeen Catell – was the first one to use the now familiar term
“mental test”.
• Alfred Binet – defined intelligence as the ability to understand well, and
to judge well. He developed the first test battery in 1895 and used the
term “mental age” to describe his scoring technique.
• Edward Lee Thorndike – conducted the first experiments in maze
learning(with children) and puzzle box learning(with kittens) in 1898. He
also published a paper entitled, “ animal intelligence”. Also called as “Mr.
Psychology” in the united states.
7. • G. Stanley Hall – introduced new methods of obtaining information
about children. He began the systematic use of questionnaire. Also
contributed the psychology of adolescence.
• Jean Piaget – He formulated the most important and influential
theory of development. When a children ask “why” it is because they
think that each thing has a specific purpose. He conclude that reality
does not reach the individual outside from the outside world but
from within, from his own logic, with his dependent on the structure
of his mind.
8. • Arnold Gessel – was one of the first to advocate that growth and
development occur in unvarying sequence. He made the mistake
though of overgeneralizing from studying only a few children and he
presented an overly detailed “map” of development.
9. • James Sully – published his Outlines of Psychology with Special Refernces to the Theory of
Education in 1884.
• William James – his Talks to Teachers on Psychology and to students on Lifes’s Ideal in 1899.
• Edourd Claperede - his Experimental Pedagogy and the Psychology of the Child in 1905. He also
expanded three volumes of Thorndike First Educational Psychology in 1913.
• Heinrich E. Buchholz – founded the Journal on Educational Psycholgy in 1910. Binet’s final scale in
1911.
• Lewis M. Terman’s – the first group test, the Army Alpha and Beta, for testing recruits in World
War 1.
Editor's Notes
is a Dynamic discipline with immense potential applications. It includes study of subjects such as theories of learning and motivation and moral development.
Theory of Value. What knowledge and skills are worthwhile learning? What are the goals of education? - Quintilian believed that all forms of knowledge were equally important and that speaking, writing and reading were the most dominant of skills.
II. Theory of Knowledge. What is knowledge? How is it different from belief? What is a mistake? What is a lie?
Quintilian believed that knowledge was not inherent and could only be acquired through proper education; that is, knowledge exists, but must be attained through proper training and learning. Quintilian believed that the proper training one must undertake to possess knowledge is the art of oratory.
III. Theory of Human Nature: What is a human being? How does it differ from other species? What are the limits of human potential? - The human being, according to Quintilian, was a model of the gods whose soul was a product of heaven and whose mind was meant for reason and learning (Ibid., p. 65, Book I, also p. 235, Book XII).
IV. Theory of Learning: What is learning? How are skills and knowledge acquired? - Quintilian believed that learning was the acquisition of knowledge and its associated abilities and competently committing them to memory. He stated that children must begin learning at an early age for "the elements of reading and writing are entirely a matter of memory" which is at "it's most retentive" during childhood (Ibid., p. 73, Book I).
V. Theory of Transmission: Who is to teach? By what methods? What will the curriculum be? - Quintilian believed that the teacher was one of the most important elements in a child's life, and that everyone plays a role.
VI. Theory of Society: What is society? What institutions are involved in the educational process? - Quintilian deals little with defining what society is, or what the ideal society should be, but does provide a glimpse as to how the orator must be as a member of society and how important the spread of certain cultural aspects are.
VII. Theory of Opportunity: Who is to be educated? Who is to be schooled? - In The Orator's Education, Quintilian placed emphasis on the education of boys and spoke of the paternal importance echoed in the time of the Roman Empire.
VIII. Theory of Consensus: Why do people disagree? How is consensus achieved? Whose opinion takes precedence? - When addressing disagreements, Quintilian pointed to the tool of argument, which is necessary to the orator.
Desiderius Erasmus dutch humanist, he e,braced the humanistic belief in and indvidual capacity fo self-improvement and the fundamental role of education in raising human beings above the level of brute animals. The thrust of Erasmus edcuational programme was the promotion of docta pietas, learned piety, or what he termed the "philosophy of Christ".
John Amos Comenius universal education system and made up the plan he called "mother school or nursery school" and he believed that the mother should have a special place to teach children and this is known as "school at mothers knee“
John Locked - tabula rasa was the theory that at brith the (human) mind is a "blank slate" without rules for processing data, and that data is added and rules for processing are formed solely by one's sensory expriences.
Jean Jacque Rosseau - he taught parents to take a new interest in their children and to educate them differently; he furthered the expression of emotion rather than polite restraint in friendship and love.
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi - Pestalozzi believed in the ability of every individual human being to learn and in the right of every individual to education. He believed that it was the duty of society to put this right into practice.
James Mckeen Catell – he is an important figure in psychology thanks to research on intelligence, his use of quantitative methods and his focus on establishing psychology as a legitimate science.
Alfred Binet - He believed that intelligence was complex and could not be fully captured by a single quantitative measure. He also believed that intelligence was not fixed.
Edward Thorndike - The law of effect also suggests that behaviors followed by dissatisfaction or discomfort will become less likely to occur.
Best Known For
The Law of Effect
Often called the father of modern educational psychology
Animal research
Trial-and-error theory of learning
G. Stanley Hall - So, what is a good adolescent psychology definition? Adolescent psychology deals with mental health issues of adolescents. Adolescence typically covers ages 13 through 19. Adolescent psychologists recognize and help adolescents during this period of growth and transition in their physical, cognitive, moral, sexual, and social development.
Jean Piaget – The mind then is not a passive “tabula rasa”,