The human respiratory system allows for the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide through the process of breathing. Breathing involves two phases - inspiration where air enters the lungs, and expiration where carbon dioxide is expelled. The major organs involved include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles which transport air and the alveoli where gas exchange occurs between the blood and air. The upper respiratory tract conditions incoming air while the lower respiratory tract transports air and enables gas exchange in the lungs before cellular respiration utilizes oxygen at the tissue level.

1. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College
EXCHANGE OF GASES

2. What is Human Respiration?
 The human respiratory system allows one to
obtain oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide.
 Breathing consists of two phases, inspiration
and expiration
 Inspiration- the process of taking in air
(O2)
 Expiration- the process of blowing out air
(CO2)

3. Human Respiratory System
Figure 10.1

4. Organs in the Respiratory System
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
nose / nasal cavity
warms, moistens, & filters air as it is
inhaled
pharynx (throat) passageway for air, leads to trachea
larynx
the voice box, where vocal chords are
located
trachea (windpipe)
keeps the windpipe "open"
trachea is lined with fine hairs called
cilia which filter air before it reaches the
lungs
bronchi
two branches at the end of the trachea,
each lead to a lung
bronchioles
a network of smaller branches leading from
the bronchi into the lung tissue &
ultimately to air sacs
alveoli
the functional respiratory units in the lung
where gases are exchanged

5. Components of the Upper
Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.2

6.  Passageway for respiration
 Receptors for smell
 Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign
material
 Moistens and warms incoming air
 Resonating chambers for voice (voice box)
Upper Respiratory Tract Functions

7. Components of the Lower
Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.3

8.  Functions:
 Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food
and air appropriately, assists in sound production
 Trachea: transports air to and from lungs
 Bronchi: branch into lungs
 Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange
 Alveoli: Gas exchange occurs
Lower Respiratory Tract

9. Gas Exchange Between the Blood
and Alveoli
Figure 10.8A

10. Respiratory Cycle
Figure 10.9

11.  Breathing (ventilation): Oxygen in to and Carbon
Dioxide out of the lungs
 External respiration: gas exchange between air
and blood (what can be exposed to the outside
of the body)
 Internal respiration: gas exchange between
blood and tissues (what cannot be exposed to
the outside of the body)
 Cellular respiration: oxygen used to produce ATP
(energy), carbon dioxide is the waste product –
Where does this process occur?
Four Respiration Processes

12. Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System
asthma
A severe allergic reaction
characterized by the
constriction of bronchioles
bronchitis
Inflammation of the lining of
the bronchioles
emphysema
A condition in which the alveoli
deteriorate, causing the lungs
to lose their elasticity
pneumonia
Caused by the bacteria,
pneumococcus. A condition in
which the alveoli become filled
with fluid, preventing the
exchange of gases
lung cancer
An irregular & uncontrolled
growth of tumors in the lung

13. Measurement of Lung Capacity
Figure 10.10A