This study evaluated musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) risk factors among crew members of vessels in the Iranian Ports and Shipping Organization. Questionnaires and observational analysis were used to assess MSD symptoms and risk factors. The results showed statistically significant correlations between working as a captain, deck officer, or wheelman and low back pain, and between working as a chief engineer, chief officer, dredge officer, or motorist and shoulder pain. Observational analysis found that 28.4% of postures were in the highest risk categories. However, simply correcting back posture was found to be the best way to reduce MSD risk factors in many cases, rather than focusing on other factors like workload.
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) are one of the most common occupational diseases of offi ce workers. The aim of this study is investigating the prevalence of these disorders, determining the risk factors of occupational diseases and providing control strategies. The aim of this study is evaluating the prevalence of these symptoms among oil refinery staff. The studies conducted 200 administrative staff, 150 were male and 50 were female. It was observed that most musculoskeletal symptoms were in the neck (50%),knee (42.5%), shoulders (38.5%), the hip (10%) and lower arm (8.5%). To investigate the risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms, we use the new methods of RULA and REBA so that we can take the necessary action to reduce the musculoskeletal symptoms and prevent potential dangers.
Practitioner Summary: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among one company of Iran’s oil refineries staff. Basically, because refinery workers need to do a lot of technical and physical work, therefore they have many musculoskeletal disorders. This study suggests that, with these disorders, there should be some necessary measures.
Mal-Alignment as a Risk Factor for Lower Extremity Overuse Injuries: A Case C...iosrjce
Engaging in sports activities has various health benefits, but also carries the risk of injury. Overuse
injuries in young adults is one of them which is challenge to the treating clinician. In the present study, we
studied the association of mal-alignment as a risk factor for overuse injuries of lower extremity in young adults.
In this prospective case-control study, we enrolled all the adult patients engaged in unorganised sports activity
presented with various lower extremity overuses injuries as cases and the without any overuse injury as
controls. After making a clinical impression, all patients were subjected to relevant X-rays to diagnose the malalignment,
if present or not. A total of 471 cases and 857 controls with overuse injuries were included. The
mean age at diagnosis of overuse injuries was 25.5(16-30) yrs in cases and 24.3 (18-30) yrs in controls. The
recreational running was the commonest unorganized activity in both males (38.2%) and females (62.5%).
Correlation of the mal-alignment with overuse injuries found to be statistically significant (p=0.003). In
conclusion overuse injuries in young adults are significantly associated with mal-alignments. Better
understanding of these mal-alignments is better for the management of these injuries.
Il 5 e 6 novembre scorsi si è svolto, presso il Centro Congressi San Raffaele, il 6° Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Fisioterapia (SIF) dal titolo “Dalla teoria alla pratica clinica in fisioterapia”. Lo scopo della SIF è promuovere le attività di ricerca scientifica in tutti gli ambiti di intervento della fisioterapia (clinico, organizzativo, formativo) e favorire la divulgazione delle conoscenze e la pratica clinica basata sulle prove di efficacia.
Per questo motivo, ed in questa occasione, alcuni studenti del Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia dell’Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele hanno avuto la possibilità di esporre i lavori scientifici che hanno preparato come elaborato di tesi. I lavori degli studenti Daniele Botta, Elena Candiani, Mattia Di Meo, Angelo Marco Dirito, Mattia Giacobbe, Sabrina Grappiolo, Elena Santantonio, Valeria Vella e Riccardo Zanoni sono stati selezionati dal comitato scientifico del Congresso per essere esposti come poster o come comunicazione orale.
botta Questi lavori scientifici sono il frutto anche delle ottime collaborazioni esistenti tra il Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia dell’Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele ed alcune realtà implicate nella ricerca traslazionale e clinica, tra cui la Neuroimaging Research Unit, diretta dal Professor Massimo Filippi, ed il gruppo di ricerca clinica di Analisi e Riabilitazione della Funzione Motoria, afferente alla Divisione di Neuroscienze.
Inoltre, durante il Congresso SIF, il Professor Mark Elkins, Associate Professor alla Sidney University, Editor di Journal of Physiotherapy (rivista ufficiale della Associazione Australiana dei Fisioterapisti) e fondatore del database PEDro (PEDro is the Physiotherapy Evidence Database), ha consegnato al collega fisioterapista Davide Corbetta il “Premio per la migliore pubblicazione sul Journal of Physiotherapy” nell’anno 2015. Tale pubblicazione origina da un lavoro di tesi di laurea sviluppata con uno studente del Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia dell’Università Vita Salute San Raffaele. Il dottor Corbetta è un fisioterapista dell’Ospedale San Raffaele, è docente della nostra Università e referente per l’organizzazione dei tirocini clinici degli studenti del Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia.
Siamo estremamente orgogliosi di questi importanti riconoscimenti e dello straordinario lavoro dei nostri ragazzi, che in questo Congresso si sono distinti per serietà e impegno, e che si mettono al servizio del paziente con competenza e grande umanità.
Pre-op cardio-respiratory and electrolytes status to predict postop ICU stay ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Il 5 e 6 novembre scorsi si è svolto, presso il Centro Congressi San Raffaele, il 6° Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Fisioterapia (SIF) dal titolo “Dalla teoria alla pratica clinica in fisioterapia”. Lo scopo della SIF è promuovere le attività di ricerca scientifica in tutti gli ambiti di intervento della fisioterapia (clinico, organizzativo, formativo) e favorire la divulgazione delle conoscenze e la pratica clinica basata sulle prove di efficacia.
Per questo motivo, ed in questa occasione, alcuni studenti del Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia dell’Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele hanno avuto la possibilità di esporre i lavori scientifici che hanno preparato come elaborato di tesi. I lavori degli studenti Daniele Botta, Elena Candiani, Mattia Di Meo, Angelo Marco Dirito, Mattia Giacobbe, Sabrina Grappiolo, Elena Santantonio, Valeria Vella e Riccardo Zanoni sono stati selezionati dal comitato scientifico del Congresso per essere esposti come poster o come comunicazione orale.
bottaQuesti lavori scientifici sono il frutto anche delle ottime collaborazioni esistenti tra il Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia dell’Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele ed alcune realtà implicate nella ricerca traslazionale e clinica, tra cui la Neuroimaging Research Unit, diretta dal Professor Massimo Filippi, ed il gruppo di ricerca clinica di Analisi e Riabilitazione della Funzione Motoria, afferente alla Divisione di Neuroscienze.
Inoltre, durante il Congresso SIF, il Professor Mark Elkins, Associate Professor alla Sidney University, Editor di Journal of Physiotherapy (rivista ufficiale della Associazione Australiana dei Fisioterapisti) e fondatore del database PEDro (PEDro is the Physiotherapy Evidence Database), ha consegnato al collega fisioterapista Davide Corbetta il “Premio per la migliore pubblicazione sul Journal of Physiotherapy” nell’anno 2015. Tale pubblicazione origina da un lavoro di tesi di laurea sviluppata con uno studente del Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia dell’Università Vita Salute San Raffaele. Il dottor Corbetta è un fisioterapista dell’Ospedale San Raffaele, è docente della nostra Università e referente per l’organizzazione dei tirocini clinici degli studenti del Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia.
Siamo estremamente orgogliosi di questi importanti riconoscimenti e dello straordinario lavoro dei nostri ragazzi, che in questo Congresso si sono distinti per serietà e impegno, e che si mettono al servizio del paziente con competenza e grande umanità.
Varying work schedules are suspected of increasing risks to pregnant women and to fetal well being. In particular, maternal hormonal disturbance arising from sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm disruption might impair fetal growth or lead to complications. This review was based on few high quality studies.
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) are one of the most common occupational diseases of offi ce workers. The aim of this study is investigating the prevalence of these disorders, determining the risk factors of occupational diseases and providing control strategies. The aim of this study is evaluating the prevalence of these symptoms among oil refinery staff. The studies conducted 200 administrative staff, 150 were male and 50 were female. It was observed that most musculoskeletal symptoms were in the neck (50%),knee (42.5%), shoulders (38.5%), the hip (10%) and lower arm (8.5%). To investigate the risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms, we use the new methods of RULA and REBA so that we can take the necessary action to reduce the musculoskeletal symptoms and prevent potential dangers.
Practitioner Summary: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among one company of Iran’s oil refineries staff. Basically, because refinery workers need to do a lot of technical and physical work, therefore they have many musculoskeletal disorders. This study suggests that, with these disorders, there should be some necessary measures.
Mal-Alignment as a Risk Factor for Lower Extremity Overuse Injuries: A Case C...iosrjce
Engaging in sports activities has various health benefits, but also carries the risk of injury. Overuse
injuries in young adults is one of them which is challenge to the treating clinician. In the present study, we
studied the association of mal-alignment as a risk factor for overuse injuries of lower extremity in young adults.
In this prospective case-control study, we enrolled all the adult patients engaged in unorganised sports activity
presented with various lower extremity overuses injuries as cases and the without any overuse injury as
controls. After making a clinical impression, all patients were subjected to relevant X-rays to diagnose the malalignment,
if present or not. A total of 471 cases and 857 controls with overuse injuries were included. The
mean age at diagnosis of overuse injuries was 25.5(16-30) yrs in cases and 24.3 (18-30) yrs in controls. The
recreational running was the commonest unorganized activity in both males (38.2%) and females (62.5%).
Correlation of the mal-alignment with overuse injuries found to be statistically significant (p=0.003). In
conclusion overuse injuries in young adults are significantly associated with mal-alignments. Better
understanding of these mal-alignments is better for the management of these injuries.
Il 5 e 6 novembre scorsi si è svolto, presso il Centro Congressi San Raffaele, il 6° Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Fisioterapia (SIF) dal titolo “Dalla teoria alla pratica clinica in fisioterapia”. Lo scopo della SIF è promuovere le attività di ricerca scientifica in tutti gli ambiti di intervento della fisioterapia (clinico, organizzativo, formativo) e favorire la divulgazione delle conoscenze e la pratica clinica basata sulle prove di efficacia.
Per questo motivo, ed in questa occasione, alcuni studenti del Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia dell’Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele hanno avuto la possibilità di esporre i lavori scientifici che hanno preparato come elaborato di tesi. I lavori degli studenti Daniele Botta, Elena Candiani, Mattia Di Meo, Angelo Marco Dirito, Mattia Giacobbe, Sabrina Grappiolo, Elena Santantonio, Valeria Vella e Riccardo Zanoni sono stati selezionati dal comitato scientifico del Congresso per essere esposti come poster o come comunicazione orale.
botta Questi lavori scientifici sono il frutto anche delle ottime collaborazioni esistenti tra il Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia dell’Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele ed alcune realtà implicate nella ricerca traslazionale e clinica, tra cui la Neuroimaging Research Unit, diretta dal Professor Massimo Filippi, ed il gruppo di ricerca clinica di Analisi e Riabilitazione della Funzione Motoria, afferente alla Divisione di Neuroscienze.
Inoltre, durante il Congresso SIF, il Professor Mark Elkins, Associate Professor alla Sidney University, Editor di Journal of Physiotherapy (rivista ufficiale della Associazione Australiana dei Fisioterapisti) e fondatore del database PEDro (PEDro is the Physiotherapy Evidence Database), ha consegnato al collega fisioterapista Davide Corbetta il “Premio per la migliore pubblicazione sul Journal of Physiotherapy” nell’anno 2015. Tale pubblicazione origina da un lavoro di tesi di laurea sviluppata con uno studente del Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia dell’Università Vita Salute San Raffaele. Il dottor Corbetta è un fisioterapista dell’Ospedale San Raffaele, è docente della nostra Università e referente per l’organizzazione dei tirocini clinici degli studenti del Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia.
Siamo estremamente orgogliosi di questi importanti riconoscimenti e dello straordinario lavoro dei nostri ragazzi, che in questo Congresso si sono distinti per serietà e impegno, e che si mettono al servizio del paziente con competenza e grande umanità.
Pre-op cardio-respiratory and electrolytes status to predict postop ICU stay ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Il 5 e 6 novembre scorsi si è svolto, presso il Centro Congressi San Raffaele, il 6° Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Fisioterapia (SIF) dal titolo “Dalla teoria alla pratica clinica in fisioterapia”. Lo scopo della SIF è promuovere le attività di ricerca scientifica in tutti gli ambiti di intervento della fisioterapia (clinico, organizzativo, formativo) e favorire la divulgazione delle conoscenze e la pratica clinica basata sulle prove di efficacia.
Per questo motivo, ed in questa occasione, alcuni studenti del Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia dell’Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele hanno avuto la possibilità di esporre i lavori scientifici che hanno preparato come elaborato di tesi. I lavori degli studenti Daniele Botta, Elena Candiani, Mattia Di Meo, Angelo Marco Dirito, Mattia Giacobbe, Sabrina Grappiolo, Elena Santantonio, Valeria Vella e Riccardo Zanoni sono stati selezionati dal comitato scientifico del Congresso per essere esposti come poster o come comunicazione orale.
bottaQuesti lavori scientifici sono il frutto anche delle ottime collaborazioni esistenti tra il Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia dell’Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele ed alcune realtà implicate nella ricerca traslazionale e clinica, tra cui la Neuroimaging Research Unit, diretta dal Professor Massimo Filippi, ed il gruppo di ricerca clinica di Analisi e Riabilitazione della Funzione Motoria, afferente alla Divisione di Neuroscienze.
Inoltre, durante il Congresso SIF, il Professor Mark Elkins, Associate Professor alla Sidney University, Editor di Journal of Physiotherapy (rivista ufficiale della Associazione Australiana dei Fisioterapisti) e fondatore del database PEDro (PEDro is the Physiotherapy Evidence Database), ha consegnato al collega fisioterapista Davide Corbetta il “Premio per la migliore pubblicazione sul Journal of Physiotherapy” nell’anno 2015. Tale pubblicazione origina da un lavoro di tesi di laurea sviluppata con uno studente del Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia dell’Università Vita Salute San Raffaele. Il dottor Corbetta è un fisioterapista dell’Ospedale San Raffaele, è docente della nostra Università e referente per l’organizzazione dei tirocini clinici degli studenti del Corso di Laurea in Fisioterapia.
Siamo estremamente orgogliosi di questi importanti riconoscimenti e dello straordinario lavoro dei nostri ragazzi, che in questo Congresso si sono distinti per serietà e impegno, e che si mettono al servizio del paziente con competenza e grande umanità.
Varying work schedules are suspected of increasing risks to pregnant women and to fetal well being. In particular, maternal hormonal disturbance arising from sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm disruption might impair fetal growth or lead to complications. This review was based on few high quality studies.
Adapted progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation for determining lifting ca...Premier Publishers
Weight of the load and its characteristics is considered to be the important risk factor for low back disorders (LBD) among manual materials handlers. Determining weight of the load and the amount of load a person can lift is important in minimizing the incidence of LBD. Among various methods like isometric, isoinertial and isokinetic, isoinertial approach of lifting evaluation is best as it is safe, inexpensive, simple and dynamically represents real world lifting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of adapted progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation (PILE) for determining maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL). This experimental study was conducted among 30 adult male participants recruited from a university community. Adaptation was done to the box dimensions and the weights used for PILE. The subjects were instructed to perform the PILE protocol using adapted box and weights using free lifting technique at two vertical distances and lifting capacity was determined. Heart rate was monitored throughout the trial and the participants were asked to rate their discomfort in a six point likert scale. All the participants were comfortable in performing adapted PILE and no untoward incident was noticed during the procedure. It may be feasible to adapt PILE for determining lifting capacity.
Lessons learned from the 1970s through 2000s about the detection of human mental fatigue. Prepared for ICASM 2014, Mexico City.
Task Performance
SDLP, steering and control variability
Vigilance and attention
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMECHANIC METHODS FOR ERGONOMIC EVALUATION: COMPARISON WITH ...IAEME Publication
Various methods have been developed to evaluate workload in everyday life, and various methods of observation have been carried out. But it is still a debate until now. In this journal, the development of biomechanical methods for evaluating workloads which ergonomics will then be compared with the observation method. The observation method used is the SCANIA Ergonomics Standard (SES) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) methods which will be used to assess ergonomic workloads on two simulation workstations such as tightening, loosening, or increasing the number of pipes, and carrying out other actions. Sensors are also used to measure biomechanical data (Inclinometers, Accelerometers, and Goniometers). The results obtained show an assessment of the risk factors of RULA and SES according to the final results using biomechanical methods. However, there is a mismatch in the neck and wrist posture. In conclusion, the biomechanical approach is more appropriate than the observation method, but several risk factors are evaluated by unmeasured observation methods with biomechanical techniques that have been developed.
Background: Trauma is a real public health issue, being the third leading cause of death in the world. Blunt Abdominal Trauma (BAT) re presents a significant part of these traumas and constitutes a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological and clinical profile of BAT in the Department of General Surgery at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Patients and methods: This was a retrospective and cross-sectional study from January 2012 to March 2017. Patients who were more than 15 years old with BAT were included. The studied parameters were: age, gender, delay of admission, etiology of the trauma, clinical signs, organ injury, type of treatment and evolution.
Each technological age has been marked by a shift in how the industrial platform enables companies to rethink their business processes and create wealth. In the talk I argue that we are limiting our view of what this next industrial/digital age can offer because of how we read, measure and through that perceive the world (how we cherry pick data). Companies are locked in metrics and quantitative measures, data that can fit into a spreadsheet. And by that they see the digital transformation merely as an efficiency tool to the fossil fuel age. But we need to stretch further…
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) are one of the most common occupational diseases of offi ce workers. The aim of this study is investigating the prevalence of these disorders, de termining the risk factors of occupational diseases and providing control strategies. The aim of this study is evaluating the prevalence of these symptoms among oil refi nery staff. The studies conducted 200 administrative staff, 150 were male and 50 were female. It was observed that most musculoskeletal symptoms were in the neck (50%), knee (42.5%), shoulders (38.5%), the hip (10%) and lower arm (8.5%). To investigate the risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms, we use the new methods of RULA and REBA so that we can take the necessary action to reduce the musculoskeletal symptoms and prevent
potential dangers.
Adapted progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation for determining lifting ca...Premier Publishers
Weight of the load and its characteristics is considered to be the important risk factor for low back disorders (LBD) among manual materials handlers. Determining weight of the load and the amount of load a person can lift is important in minimizing the incidence of LBD. Among various methods like isometric, isoinertial and isokinetic, isoinertial approach of lifting evaluation is best as it is safe, inexpensive, simple and dynamically represents real world lifting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of adapted progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation (PILE) for determining maximum acceptable weight of lift (MAWL). This experimental study was conducted among 30 adult male participants recruited from a university community. Adaptation was done to the box dimensions and the weights used for PILE. The subjects were instructed to perform the PILE protocol using adapted box and weights using free lifting technique at two vertical distances and lifting capacity was determined. Heart rate was monitored throughout the trial and the participants were asked to rate their discomfort in a six point likert scale. All the participants were comfortable in performing adapted PILE and no untoward incident was noticed during the procedure. It may be feasible to adapt PILE for determining lifting capacity.
Lessons learned from the 1970s through 2000s about the detection of human mental fatigue. Prepared for ICASM 2014, Mexico City.
Task Performance
SDLP, steering and control variability
Vigilance and attention
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMECHANIC METHODS FOR ERGONOMIC EVALUATION: COMPARISON WITH ...IAEME Publication
Various methods have been developed to evaluate workload in everyday life, and various methods of observation have been carried out. But it is still a debate until now. In this journal, the development of biomechanical methods for evaluating workloads which ergonomics will then be compared with the observation method. The observation method used is the SCANIA Ergonomics Standard (SES) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) methods which will be used to assess ergonomic workloads on two simulation workstations such as tightening, loosening, or increasing the number of pipes, and carrying out other actions. Sensors are also used to measure biomechanical data (Inclinometers, Accelerometers, and Goniometers). The results obtained show an assessment of the risk factors of RULA and SES according to the final results using biomechanical methods. However, there is a mismatch in the neck and wrist posture. In conclusion, the biomechanical approach is more appropriate than the observation method, but several risk factors are evaluated by unmeasured observation methods with biomechanical techniques that have been developed.
Background: Trauma is a real public health issue, being the third leading cause of death in the world. Blunt Abdominal Trauma (BAT) re presents a significant part of these traumas and constitutes a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological and clinical profile of BAT in the Department of General Surgery at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Patients and methods: This was a retrospective and cross-sectional study from January 2012 to March 2017. Patients who were more than 15 years old with BAT were included. The studied parameters were: age, gender, delay of admission, etiology of the trauma, clinical signs, organ injury, type of treatment and evolution.
Each technological age has been marked by a shift in how the industrial platform enables companies to rethink their business processes and create wealth. In the talk I argue that we are limiting our view of what this next industrial/digital age can offer because of how we read, measure and through that perceive the world (how we cherry pick data). Companies are locked in metrics and quantitative measures, data that can fit into a spreadsheet. And by that they see the digital transformation merely as an efficiency tool to the fossil fuel age. But we need to stretch further…
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) are one of the most common occupational diseases of offi ce workers. The aim of this study is investigating the prevalence of these disorders, de termining the risk factors of occupational diseases and providing control strategies. The aim of this study is evaluating the prevalence of these symptoms among oil refi nery staff. The studies conducted 200 administrative staff, 150 were male and 50 were female. It was observed that most musculoskeletal symptoms were in the neck (50%), knee (42.5%), shoulders (38.5%), the hip (10%) and lower arm (8.5%). To investigate the risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms, we use the new methods of RULA and REBA so that we can take the necessary action to reduce the musculoskeletal symptoms and prevent
potential dangers.
Analytical Study of Clinicopathological Data of Saudi Patients with Osteoarth...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
SUMMARY: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disabling disease. Epidemiological studies have revealed various risk
factors for OA, including sex, aging, obesity, occupational illnesses, and chronic diseases. Here we evaluate the clinical, pathological,
and radiological findings of knee OA in a subset of Saudi patients who were subjected to total knee replacement (TKA). The study
population included 30 Saudi patients with knee OA who were operated by TKA (from June 2014 to December 2015) in the Department
of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Patient’s clinical and radiological data were collected
from the hospital files. Pathological examination of the excised superior articular surface of tibia and femoral condyles were done.
Pearson Chi-squared analysis was used to test for differences between the variables in associated risk factors. There were more women
than men. Sixty per cent of patients were older than 60 years [mean age, 59.2 (females) and 61.7 (men) years-old]. All patients exceeded
obesity class 1, with females being more obese than males. Pathological examination of the superior articular surface of tibia and femoral
condyles showed high score lesions, which was more apparent in females than in males. Radiological findings showed that most lesions
were high grade. The findings of this study will help to understand the pathogenesis of OA and improve treatment decision making
relevant to TKA in knee OA in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere.
KEY WORDS: Osteoarthritis; Knee; Arthroplasty.
Risk Assessment in Manual Material Handling of an Edible Oil Companyijtsrd
The process of Shifting material manually has the potential for injury to employees. The purpose of this study is to assess and analyze the injury risk level in manual handling activity, as well as to improve the condition. The observed manual material handling activity is truck loading. This activity was analyzed using different software such as NIOSH equation, Rapid Entire Body Assessment, and compression force using 3DSSPP software as well as Nordic body map questionnaire was used to identify body discomfort level. In this study 5 male truck loading operators were taken as subjects, they are loading boxes from stacking area to truck manually. The task involved small repetitive movement while handling material, due to this the load man has faced work related musculoskeletal problems. The Nordic questionnaire is spread among the workers for collecting data, after collecting all information sorted out and analyzes the body parts using above software. The outcome shows that most of the workers who carry out activities have a high level of risk with the score of REBA exceeds points 12 risk is very high, need immediate changes required to improve the task , Literature survey indicates the lifting index should not be in more than 1, but the value obtained is 7.591 the job is more dangerous and stressful . Compression force exceeds the actual limit of 3400, but in this manual handling having compression force is 3408. When the Nordic body mapping method the major discomfort was found in the body parts such as Lower back, Forearm, upper arm. Based on the suggestion conveyor system is introduced and we re assess risk level of the body parts and the result shows that the risk level decreased up to 50 . Therefore replacing manual handling system with the conveyor system with reduces the lower back pain. Mohamed Ismail. S | Muthukumar. K ""Risk Assessment in Manual Material Handling of an Edible Oil Company"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23112.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23112/risk-assessment-in-manual-material-handling-of-an-edible-oil-company/mohamed-ismail-s
Awareness of Construction Workers on Occupational Hazards, Illness and Injuri...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)
Ad hoc & sensor networks, Adaptive applications, Aeronautical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering
Agricultural Engineering, AI and Image Recognition, Allied engineering materials, Applied mechanics,
Architecture & Planning, Artificial intelligence, Audio Engineering, Automation and Mobile Robots
Automotive Engineering….
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Ergonomics Analysis of Blanket Lifting Technique Using Posture Evaluation Ind...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Ergonomic analysis of blanket lifting technique using Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) Method in Virtual Environment. This research was conducted to study the ergonomic aspect of blanket/linens patient lifting technique in a virtual environment. Analysis phase was done using software Jack 6.1 which is one of ergonomic software that using digital human modeling technology. PEI was used as an approach that integrated results of three methods: lower back analysis (LBA), ovako working posture analysis (OWAS), and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA). The research objective is to analysis ergonomic aspects of blanket patient lifting process and to determine the most ergonomic posture during the patient lifting process. The ergonomic analysis only bed to bed blanket lifting process. The results show that the posture during lifting process had enough amount of risk that can injure the musculoskeletal system of the nurses. This research enriches the body of is the first research in Indonesia that applied virtual environment approach to ergonomics analysis in nursing process.
Ergonomics Analysis of Blanket Lifting Technique Using Posture Evaluation In...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Ergonomic analysis of blanket lifting technique using Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) Method in Virtual Environment. This research was conducted to study the ergonomic aspect of blanket/linens patient lifting technique in a virtual environment. Analysis phase was done using software Jack 6.1 which is one of ergonomic software that using digital human modeling technology. PEI was used as an approach that integrated results of three methods: lower back analysis (LBA), ovako working posture analysis (OWAS), and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA). The research objective is to analysis ergonomic aspects of blanket patient lifting process and to determine the most ergonomic posture during the patient lifting process. The ergonomic analysis only bed to bed blanket lifting process. The results show that the posture during lifting process had enough amount of risk that can injure the musculoskeletal system of the nurses. This research enriches the body of is the first research in Indonesia that applied virtual environment approach to ergonomics analysis in nursing process.
Study of Knee Kinematics during Walking and Running in Middle Aged MalesYogeshIJTSRD
This paper aimed to figure out knee altered kinematics and to investigate possibility of knee injury in middle aged males when performing walking and running. Twelve healthy middle aged males 45 60 years volunteered to perform walking 3 km h and running 5 km h on treadmill in the biomechanics laboratory. A set of markers were attached to specify knee landmarks of each participant, who was tracked by a 7 cameras 3D motion capture system. The marker positions were used to determine the segment coordinate system SCS for calculation of knee flexion, as well as abnormal kinematics included knee internal rotation, varus rotation and anteroposterior translation. The result showed similarity of knee altered kinematics during walking and running. The maximum of knee flexion, internal rotation and varus rotation of running were higher than walking significantly, whereas there was no significant difference inanteroposterior translation p 0.05 .The repetitive anteroposterior translation could increase the risk of knee injury, while increased varus and internal rotation have been associated with the progression of iliotibial friction syndrome. This study provides the information that middle aged males runners can use to develop running techniques. Chachchanon Poolsawat "Study of Knee Kinematics during Walking and Running in Middle-Aged Males" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41175.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comother-scientific-research-area/other/41175/study-of-knee-kinematics-during-walking-and-running-in-middleaged-males/chachchanon-poolsawat
Work–related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Healthcare Workers in a General ...CSCJournals
Background. Musculoskeletal disorders is the most common disease among healthcare workers. Which affects not only the quality of life but also the income, the health, the economy. In Vietnam, there are some research about the MSDs among healthcare workers and the factors affect this problem, especially, the ergonomic factors. Objective. To assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare workers in Cao Bang General Provincial Hospital, Vietnam and determine risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 85 healthcare workers in a general provincial hospital in Vietnam using the Nordic questionnaire and questionnaire. Results. High prevalence of musculoskeletal among healthcare workers during the past 12 months (62.4%) and last 7 days (45.9%), with the two most common sites being low back pain (48.2%) and neck (40%). Gender, work experience, total working hours, night shift work, and stress level showed the association with the MSDs in the past 12 months. Conclusion. Due to the high prevalence of MSDs among healthcare workers in a general provincial hospital, preventive actions are needed to improve the working conditions and to raise the awareness of healthcare workers about MSDs prevention.
The influence of barriers on the active sports Participation among medical an...Dr. Mohammed Abou Elmagd
Physical activity barriers can affect the student’s participation in sports in response to the concern that medical college students face different difficulties and fall under tremendous stressors, which can interfere with the desired academic performance. The current study aimed to identify the barriers hindering the effective students’ participation in physical activities at RAK Medical and Health Sciences University. The study demonstrated significant negative correlation between physical activity and overload of study (r = -0.305 p<0.001). However, the correlation was higher for female students with significant difference. Correlation among colleges showed significant correlation with the lack of facilities. This study will allow concerned people to find solutions and increase students participation in physical activities, which in turn promotes positive self-esteem and gives them confidence to do things and confront social challenges and ultimately improve their academic performance.
HUMAN FACTORS, 1994,36(2),327-338Fatigue in Operational Se.docxwellesleyterresa
HUMAN FACTORS, 1994,36(2),327-338
Fatigue in Operational Settings: Examples
from the Aviation Environment
MARK R. ROSEKIND, NASA Ames Research Center, PHILIPPA H. GANDER, San Jose State
University Foundation, DONNA L. MILLER and KEVIN B. GREGORY, Sterling Software,
ROY M. SMITH, KERI J. WELDON, ELIZABETH L. CO, and KAREN L. McNALLY, San
Jose State University Foundation, and J. VICTOR LEBACQZ, NASA Ames Research Center,
Moffett Field, California
The need for 24-h operations creates nonstandard and altered work schedules that
can lead to cumulative sleep loss and circadian disruption. These factors can lead
to fatigue and sleepiness and affect performance and productivity on the job. The
approach, research, and results of the NASA Ames Fatigue Countermeasures Pro-
gram are described to illustrate one attempt to address these issues in the aviation
environment. The scientific and operational relevance of these factors is discussed,
and provocative issues for future research are presented.
INTRODUCTION
Today, 24-h operations are a critical com-
ponent of maintaining our technological so-
ciety. Many different types of occupations
and industries rely on round-the-clock opera-
tions, including health care, public safety,
service and manufacturing industries, mili-
tary operations. and transportation. Esti-
mates are that one in five American workers
is a shiftworker, working some form of non-
standard or altered work schedule (Office of
Technology Assessment, 1991). These 20 mil-
lion American shiftworkers are exposed to
major disruptions in their physiology, social
activities, and family lives. The principal
physiological disruption occurs in two areas:
sleep and circadian rhythms.
1 Requests for reprints should be sent to Mark R. Rose-
kind, NASA Ames Research Center. Mail Stop 262-4. Mof-
fett Field, CA 94035-1000.
Sleep is a vital physiological function, and
obtaining even 1 h less than required can af-
fect waking levels of sleepiness (Carskadon
and Dement, 1982). Sleep loss may be acute
or, if occurring continuously over time, may
result in a cumulative sleep debt (Roth,
Roehrs, Carskadon, and Dement, 1989).
The suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypo-
thalamus is a pacemaker for 24-h physiolog-
ical and behavioral rhythms. Circadian
(about 24 h) rhythms govem sleep/wakeful-
ness, motor activity, hormonal processes,
body temperature, performance, and many
other factors. Core body temperature is often
used as a biological marker of circadian po-
sition and is related to the fluctuations seen
in sleep/wakefulness. performance, hormone
secretion, digestion, and other physiological
activities. The minimum ofthe body temper-
ature rhythm (which typically occurs at 3:00
to 5:00 a.m. daily) is associated with sleep,
328-June 1994
low motor activity, decreased performance,
and worsened mood. Disturbances of 24-h bi-
ological rhythms may be acute or continue
over long periods, resulting in chronic desyn-
chronization between different physiolo ...
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*
414 (1)
1. Downloadedfromhttp://journals.tums.ac.ir/onTuesday,June04,2013
EVALUATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS RISK
FACTORS AMONG THE CREW OF THE IRANIAN PORTS AND
SHIPPING ORGANIZATION’S VESSELS
J.N. Saraji*l
, M. A. Hassanzadeh2
, M. Pourmahabadian1
and S. J. Shahtaheri1
1) Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2) I. R. Iran’s Ports and Shipping Organization, Tehran, Iran
Abstract- Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are important causes of work incapacity and loss of
work days. MSDs are major problems in almost all countries and increasingly can be found in service
industries such as maritime sector. This study aimed at evaluation of MSDs symptoms among crew of
tugboats, dredgers, pilot boats and barges by using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and
also determination of work-related MSDs risk factors by application of Ovako Working Analysis
Posture System (OWAS). The result showed that 28.4% of body postures rated in action category 3 and
4 of OWAS. It seems that OWAS cannot be used as a determination method of risk factors for all jobs.
Also, the best and sometimes the only way to correct awkward postures is correction of worker's back
position.
Acta Medica Iranica, 42(5): 350-354; 2004
Key words: Ergonomics, musculoskeletal disorders, OWAS method, Nordic musculoskeletal
questionnaire, risk factors
INTRODUCTION
Several researches have shown that the
application of ergonomics principles and programs in
almost all workplaces results in increasing
productivity, decreasing work-related diseases and
fruitful outcomes beyond their costs (1,2). On the
other hand, poor workplace or job design will expose
workers to poor working postures, awkward postures,
repetitive movements, high work load, difficult
manual handling tasks and too much bending and
stretching effort. The basic consequences will appear
as pain and discomfort, feeling particularly at the
back, shoulder, neck and upper limbs. Final result of
these exposures may appear as musculoskeletal
Received: 7 Jul. 2003, Revised: 29 Dec. 2003, Accepted: 4 Feb. 2004
* Corresponding Author:
J. N. Saraji, Department of Occupational Health, School of Public
Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Tel: +98 21 6419532, Fax: +98 21 6418985
E-mail: Jnsaraji@sina.tums.ac.ir
disorders (MSDs) (3). A survey conducted by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) showed that in 1994
approximately 705.800 cases were the result of
overexertion or repetitive motion (4).
These days, importance of ports is more obvious
than before; the ports play a vital role in every
country's economy. This role can be seen in several
ways such as providing direct and indirect jobs and
import and export of goods to and from country.
Doing port’s activities efficiently and in a productive
manner needs both modern equipments and good
infrastructures in one hand and healthy and skilled
operators, workers and vessel's crew on the other.
Iran with about 2700 km of coastline both in the
north and south is a good example of ports’ role in
country’s economy, where more than 90% of goods
are imported and exported through its ports. One of
the most important items in increasing ports’
productivity and decreasing work related diseases
and accidents is protection of workers against any
hazardous elements such as MSDs risk factors.
2. Downloadedfromhttp://journals.tums.ac.ir/onTuesday,June04,2013
Acta Medica Iranica, Vol. 42, No. 5 (2004)
351
This descriptive-analytical study was carried out
from April 2001 to June 2002 to evaluate MSDs risk
factors in some of the port's activities. The targeted
group was crew of some Iran’s Ports and Shipping
Organization tugboats, dredgers, pilot boats and
barges.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this research all 722 crew of available vessels
were chosen and according to their working positions
categorized into 12 jobs: captain, boatswain, seaman,
electrician officer, dredge officer, chief engineer,
motorist, wheelman, deck officer, chief officer and
cook. We obtained informed consent from all
subjects.
Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ)
was used to determine the prevalence of MSDs
symptoms (5). NMQ comprises general information
about age, weight, height, smoking habit, work
experience and shift type and also questions about
problems on the whole body and body part-specific
questions (neck, shoulders and lower back). A body
“map” was also used to make it easier for workers to
pinpoint their problems in each body area.
The questionnaires were completed through
structured interview and then analyzed with SPSS
software (ver.6). At the same time to identify and
evaluate harmful working postures, the Ovako
Working Postures Analyzing System (OWAS) was
used (6).
The OWAS method collects simple observational
information on worker postures (4 back, 3 arm, 7 leg)
and loads (3 loads) according to a breakdown of work
tasks. Schematic view of OWAS analyzing system is
shown in table 1.
These data were then standardized and the
individual activities were rated into four action
categories in order of their strain (no harmful effect,
some harmful effect, distinctly deleterious effect and
extremely deleterious effect).
The OWAS data analyzed with WinOWAS
software (7), a computerized system for the analysis
of work postures that was prepared by Occupational
Safety engineering of Tempere University of
Technology in Finland.
Table1. Schematic view of OWAS analyzing system
Back
1.Straight.
2.Forward back ward bending.
3.Side rotation or bending.
4.Both rotation and bending
Legs
1. Sitting posture.
2.Straight standing
3. Standing and bodyweight pressure on one leg.
4. Standing and bending knees.
5. Standing and one bending leg.
6. Sitting on both legs.
7. Movement and walking.
Arms
1. Two arms lower than shoulder.
2. One arm upper than shoulder.
3. Two arms upper/ or on the level of shoulder.
Loads
1.Weight < 10 kg
2.10< weight <20 kg
3.Weight > 20 kg
RESULTS
The participants were working on different
vessels, 15.1% on pilot boats, 55.5% on tugboats,
27.1% on dredgers and 2.4% on barges. For more
than 40% of them the NMQ was completed through
structured interview. Average job experience was 20
years and its standard deviation equals to 8.5 years.
All of participants were male. Other general
information can be seen in table 2.
NMQ results
Data of those participants in whom their MSDs
symptoms were related to a previous disease or
accident were excluded from later analysis. The
NMQ statistical results showed that among all
employees, in those who worked as captain, deck
officer and wheelman, all on the bridge of ship, there
was statistically significant correlation between
working on these jobs and prevalence of MSDs
symptom at low back region. The P value in Chi
square test was 0.04 with a confidence interval of
95%. Also there was statistically significant correla-
tion between working as a chief engineer, chief
officer, dredger officer and motorist and prevalence
of MSDs symptoms at shoulder (P =0.02, CI=95%).
3. Downloadedfromhttp://journals.tums.ac.ir/onTuesday,June04,2013
Evaluation of MSDs risk factors among crew of the ships
352
Table 2. Average and standard deviation of age, weight,
height and work experience of participants
Average
Standard
deviation
Age (year) 43 3.7
Weight (kg) 73.8 11.0
Height (cm) 170.4 7.7
Work experience (year) 20.0 8.5
There was no statistically significant correlation
to provide support for the relationship between MSDs
symptoms and other variables such as work
experience, age and shift type.
The highest prevalence of MSDs symptoms
among all participants, regardless of the job they
were working, were related to low back (32.9%),
knee (26.4%), and shoulder (18.8%). Data for other
regions can be seen in table 3. The motorists showed
the highest rate of different MSDs symptoms in
elbow (33.3%), feet (30.8%), ankle (32.7%) and
shoulder (27.3%) among all employees. Captains also
showed highest rate of symptoms at low back
(22.9%), back (29.6%) and leg (28.6%).
OWAS results
The OWAS results rated postures of captains,
deck officers and wheelmen in action category 1; it
meant that their postures were harmless for
musculoskeletal system. Postures of electrician
officers, dredger officers, seamen and cooks were
rated in action category 2 of OWAS. Postures of
chief engineers, chief officers, motorists and
boatswains were rated in action category 3 of OWAS,
which meant that preventive measures should be
taken as soon as possible.
Considering working hours, in 33.7% of working
hours crew had a posture that was rated in action
category of 1 (no harmful effect), 37.9% in category
2 (some harmful effect), 19.6% in category 3
(distinctly deleterious effect) and 8.8% in category 4
(extremely deleterious effect).
Doing activities in some jobs exposed workers to
postures that was rated in action category 4 of OWAS
but those postures were not considered as a frequent
or usual part of their every day tasks
Simultaneous consideration of NMQ and OWAS
results revealed that while action category 2 of
OWAS included a series of more deleterious postures
than category 1, the frequencies of MSDs symptoms
were in reverse. All those jobs which were rated in
action category 1 showed a higher rate of symptoms
in all regions than action category 2. This result was
exactly against the OWAS suggestions about
harmlessness of postures in category 1. As OWAS
predicts and is expectable, MSDs symptoms in
category 3 were more frequent than category 2.
Details are shown in table 3.
According to the OWAS, those postures which
were rated in action category 1 were harmless and
workers should not appear to have any symptom of
MSDs, but the NMQ results confirmed that low back
pain was prevalent in captains, deck officers and
wheelmen with action category 1, a finding which
was supported by statistical analysis.
For chief engineers, chief officers and motorists
rated in action category 3 of OWAS and dredger
officers, risk factors that resulted to MSDs symptoms
in shoulder region were awkward postures (over head
work) and excessive workload during most of
working time.
Table 3. Prevalence percentage of MSDs symptoms by
different regions of body and action categories of OWAS
method*
Region
Symptom
prevalence
Category
1 OWAS
Category
2 OWAS
Category
3 OWAS
Back 9.2 29.6 22.2 48.2
Feet 13.4 28.2 20.5 51.3
Knee 26.4 31.2 19.5 49.3
Leg 12.0 37.1 17.1 45.8
Low back 32.9 33.3 22.9 43.8
Neck 15.8 34.8 17.4 47.8
Shoulder 18.8 27.3 16.4 56.3
Hand and
wrist
13.0 21.1 26.3 52.6
Elbow 10.3 20.0 33.3 46.7
Ankle 16.8 28.6 14.3 57.1
Abbreviations: MSD, musculoskeletal disorders; OWAS, Ovako
working postures analyzing system.
* Data are presented as percent.
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Acta Medica Iranica, Vol. 42, No. 5 (2004)
353
DISCUSSION
Investigation of the results of two methods of
NMQ and OWAS can be categorized into the
following.
NMQ method results
There was a significant relation between working
in command group (captain, wheelman and deck
officer) and MSDs in low-back (P<0.04). Also,
results in technical group (chief engineer, engine
officer, dredger officer and motorist) revealed that
there was statistically significant relationship
between MSDs at shoulder region and these jobs
(P<0.02). No significant difference was observed
between working at vessels and MSDs in the other
body regions such as neck, back, ankle, elbow, foot,
hand and wrist. Comparison of the results showed
that the highest prevalence of MSDs in elbow
(33.3%), shoulder (27.2%), knee (23.2%) and foot
(30.7%) belonged to motorists, while in chief
engineers highest prevalence of MSDs were 26.8%
(hand and wrist), 33.3% (legs), and 23.9% (neck). In
addition, in comparison with other jobs the
prevalence of MSDs in captains was found to be high
in legs (33.3%), low-back (22.9%), and back
(29.6%).
OWAS method results
Investigation of the presented results through
tasks observations among different jobs revealed that
captains, deck officers and wheelmen were rated in
OWAS action category of 1. Electrician officers,
dredger officers, seamen, cooks and gallery boys
were rated in OWAS action category of 2, while
motorists and boatswains were rated in OWAS action
category of 3, and this means that the latter jobs
require urgent control and preventive measures.
This was also stated by National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health. Bjelle et al. and
Ohlsson et al. found a significant positive association
between the prevalence of neck-shoulder disorders
and the frequency of upper arm movements past 60
degrees of flexion or abduction. English et al. found a
significant association between cases of shoulder
disorders and repeated shoulder rotation with an
elevated arm posture(4).
Relationship between OWAS and NMQ
Comparison between results of prevalence of
MSDs in OWAS action categories 1 and 2 showed
that higher prevalence existed in OWAS action
category 1 which belonged to captains, deck officers
and wheelmen which might be due to psychosocial
factor. Also, prevalence of MSDs in OWAS action
category 3 was higher than the two other categories
(1 and 2) and this clearly revealed the relationship of
MSDs and occupational risk factors.
After determination of risk factors, the OWAS
method can be used to identify any possible
correction in working posture that leads to a better
and less harmful posture. About 81% of those
postures which were rated into category 3 of OWAS
can be corrected in two ways. First, any decrease in
workload (from more than 20 kg to 10 - 20 kg) leads
to a new body posture with an action category 2. But
this suggestion is not always practical because weight
of tools and materials that are used on vessels are
fixed and usually can not be changed. Second,
correction in worker's back position would have an
excellent consequence; in 91% of awkward postures
any correction in back position results in a new, less
harmful posture with action category 2. This
suggestion is more practical and mostly needed a
change in worker's habits. Considering OWAS action
categories, any change in legs or hands positions
would be fruitless. Meanwhile for those postures
which were rated in category 4 of OWAS, the only
possible way toward a safer posture is correction in
back position. This change will improve 95% of
postures with extremely deleterious effect (category
4) to new postures with distinctly deleterious effect
(category 3).
It can be concluded that increasing ports’
productivity and prevention of work-related diseases
and accidents need identifying all hazardous factors
such as MSDs risk factors. Determination of MSDs
risk factors for those who work on the bridge of
vessel such as captains, deck officers and wheelmen
requires another method instead of OWAS. The best
way to decrease harmful postures and prevalence of
MSDs symptoms in workers is correction in back
position; in 8.5% of postures it is the only possible
and practical way. Results of this study suggest a
need for more investigations into MSDs risk factors
5. Downloadedfromhttp://journals.tums.ac.ir/onTuesday,June04,2013
Evaluation of MSDs risk factors among crew of the ships
354
as well as evaluation of practical programs to teach
workers how to have a correct posture.
It seems that there are other factors which
contribute to production of MSDs and OWAS
method is unable to determine them. These factors
can be physical such as vibration (5) or psychosocial
risk factors (8). Meanwhile several researches have
shown that psychosocial factors like high
responsibility, monotonous work, high-perceived
work load, time pressure, less control on the job and
lack of social support may result in MSDs (9).
Acknowledgment
Special thanks to the managers of I. R. Iran’s
Ports and Shipping Organization and all the other
colleagues who helped us in the fulfillment of this
project.
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