The document discusses the effects of plyometric training on physical fitness components of Under-17 female volleyball players in Debark town, Ethiopia. It describes a study that involved 15 experimental players who underwent 12 weeks of plyometric training and 15 control players. Measures of power, agility, muscular endurance and balance were tested before and after for both groups. The results showed significant improvements in the experimental group for all measures compared to the control group. The study concluded that plyometric training can effectively improve components related to volleyball performance for young female players.
This study aimed to adopt a teaching method using task analysis for badminton forehand overhead clear coaching experiment and evaluate the coaching effects. Sixty male participants (mean age: 14.6 years old) without badminton training experience were recruited. All the participants were assigned into two groups (30 participants in either group). Task analysis teaching method was applied in one group as task analysis group and conventional teaching method was applied in the other group as control group. Before the coaching
experiment, there were no differences in physical fi tness and badminton level between the two groups. Motor skills were evaluated using. phase performance score. Badminton forehand overhead clear skills were evaluated using shuttlecock landing performance score. After the experiment, motor skills (25.8 ± 1.3 vs. 51.8 ± 3.7, p < 0.01) and badminton forehand overhead clear skills (22.2 ± 2.4 vs. 54.0 ± 6.4, p < 0.01) in task analysis group improved signifi cantly. In control group, motor skills (25.2 ± 1.4 vs. 36.2 ± 2.8, p < 0.01) and badminton. forehand overhead clear skills (23.2 ± 2.9 vs 50.8 ± 5.2, p < 0.01) also improved signifi cantly. Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that
the coaching effects of task analysis group were signifi cantly better than control group both of motor skills (51.8 ± 3.7 vs. 36.2 ± 2.8, p < 0.01) and badminton forehand overhead clear skills (54.0 ± 6.4 vs. 50.8 ± 5.2, p < 0.05). In conclusion, task analysis teaching method could boost badminton motor skill learning and develop motor skill abilities.
This article examines the impact of plyometric training on physical fitness variables among ball badminton players. 30 male ball badminton players between 18-25 years of age were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group underwent 6 weeks of plyometric training while the control group received no training. Testing was conducted before and after the training period to assess muscular endurance and speed. Statistical analysis found significant improvements in muscular endurance and speed for the experimental group compared to the control group, supporting the hypothesis that plyometric training positively impacts physical fitness variables important for ball badminton performance.
The effect of eight weeks resistance training on the fitness variables of uni...Sports Journal
A total of thirty female (N=30) university level male Badminton players ranging between 18-28 years of
age were taken as subjects for the purpose of the study. The subjects were randomly selected and training
was conducted at ACS College, Jamner. The subjects were further divided into two groups i.e. Group -A
(N=15) as experimental group and Group-B (N=15) as control group. The following fitness variables
were selected for the purpose of the study: Flexibility test (sit and reach test), strength test (vertical jump
test), speed test (50m dash test), agility (shuttle run test), cardio-vascular fitness test (cooper 12 minute
run-walk test). To compare the mean difference between the data, t test was computed with the help of
SPSS Software and level of significance chosen was 0.05. Result shows that resistance training
(Experimental group) have significant effect on the fitness of university level male Badminton players.
Effect of Circuit Training on Agility of College Male Students-Crimson Publis...CrimsonPublishersFSAR
The document summarizes a study that examined the effects of circuit training on agility in college male volleyball players. Thirty male students between ages 18-24 were randomly assigned to a training group or control group. The training group underwent an 8-week circuit training program 3 days per week, while the control group did not receive specialized training. Agility was measured by shuttle run tests before and after. Results showed the training group had a significant improvement in agility compared to the control group after the circuit training intervention. The study concluded that circuit training is an effective method for improving agility in young men.
1) A study investigated the effects of 22 weeks of periodized soccer training focused on technical-tactical ability in young players.
2) The training reduced markers of muscle damage (CK and LDH levels) over time and improved high-intensity performance and tactical metrics in games.
3) Players who saw greater reductions in muscle damage markers also had larger increases in high-intensity actions during games.
Off-Season & In-Season Fitness Training for Football (Soccer)Mike Young
This is Dr. Mike Young's slidedeck from his presentation at the Soccer Conference held in Dublin, Ireland at the Sports Surgery Clinic. Dr. Young presents fundamental concepts on fitness training for football and provides guidelines for coaches to follow. Dr. Young is the owner and Director of Performance at Athletic Lab sports performance training center. Previously, he was fitness coach for the NASL champion Carolina Railhawks and the Vancouver Whitecaps of the MLS.
Effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism-...Sports Journal
This literature review examines the effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism. Seven studies that utilized aerobic exercises like treadmill training and body weight supported treadmill training with subjects with Parkinson's disease were reviewed. The results across the studies found that aerobic exercise improved walking parameters like speed, stride length, home ambulation, and reduced movement initiation time. The literature review concluded that aerobic exercises can improve walking capacity in patients with parkinsonism.
The Analysis of Plyometric Training Program on University Handball PlayersIOSR Journals
This study analyzed the effects of a 16-week plyometric training program on 21 university handball players. Testing was conducted before, during, and after the program to measure changes in explosive power and speed/force capabilities. While explosive power metrics like vertical jump height did not significantly improve, speed/force metrics like medicine ball throws saw reliable gains, especially in female players. The program was effective at improving handball players' ability to perform repeated maximal height jumps quickly, an important skill in the sport. The study demonstrates that plyometric training can boost speed/force abilities more than explosive power in handball players.
This study aimed to adopt a teaching method using task analysis for badminton forehand overhead clear coaching experiment and evaluate the coaching effects. Sixty male participants (mean age: 14.6 years old) without badminton training experience were recruited. All the participants were assigned into two groups (30 participants in either group). Task analysis teaching method was applied in one group as task analysis group and conventional teaching method was applied in the other group as control group. Before the coaching
experiment, there were no differences in physical fi tness and badminton level between the two groups. Motor skills were evaluated using. phase performance score. Badminton forehand overhead clear skills were evaluated using shuttlecock landing performance score. After the experiment, motor skills (25.8 ± 1.3 vs. 51.8 ± 3.7, p < 0.01) and badminton forehand overhead clear skills (22.2 ± 2.4 vs. 54.0 ± 6.4, p < 0.01) in task analysis group improved signifi cantly. In control group, motor skills (25.2 ± 1.4 vs. 36.2 ± 2.8, p < 0.01) and badminton. forehand overhead clear skills (23.2 ± 2.9 vs 50.8 ± 5.2, p < 0.01) also improved signifi cantly. Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that
the coaching effects of task analysis group were signifi cantly better than control group both of motor skills (51.8 ± 3.7 vs. 36.2 ± 2.8, p < 0.01) and badminton forehand overhead clear skills (54.0 ± 6.4 vs. 50.8 ± 5.2, p < 0.05). In conclusion, task analysis teaching method could boost badminton motor skill learning and develop motor skill abilities.
This article examines the impact of plyometric training on physical fitness variables among ball badminton players. 30 male ball badminton players between 18-25 years of age were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group underwent 6 weeks of plyometric training while the control group received no training. Testing was conducted before and after the training period to assess muscular endurance and speed. Statistical analysis found significant improvements in muscular endurance and speed for the experimental group compared to the control group, supporting the hypothesis that plyometric training positively impacts physical fitness variables important for ball badminton performance.
The effect of eight weeks resistance training on the fitness variables of uni...Sports Journal
A total of thirty female (N=30) university level male Badminton players ranging between 18-28 years of
age were taken as subjects for the purpose of the study. The subjects were randomly selected and training
was conducted at ACS College, Jamner. The subjects were further divided into two groups i.e. Group -A
(N=15) as experimental group and Group-B (N=15) as control group. The following fitness variables
were selected for the purpose of the study: Flexibility test (sit and reach test), strength test (vertical jump
test), speed test (50m dash test), agility (shuttle run test), cardio-vascular fitness test (cooper 12 minute
run-walk test). To compare the mean difference between the data, t test was computed with the help of
SPSS Software and level of significance chosen was 0.05. Result shows that resistance training
(Experimental group) have significant effect on the fitness of university level male Badminton players.
Effect of Circuit Training on Agility of College Male Students-Crimson Publis...CrimsonPublishersFSAR
The document summarizes a study that examined the effects of circuit training on agility in college male volleyball players. Thirty male students between ages 18-24 were randomly assigned to a training group or control group. The training group underwent an 8-week circuit training program 3 days per week, while the control group did not receive specialized training. Agility was measured by shuttle run tests before and after. Results showed the training group had a significant improvement in agility compared to the control group after the circuit training intervention. The study concluded that circuit training is an effective method for improving agility in young men.
1) A study investigated the effects of 22 weeks of periodized soccer training focused on technical-tactical ability in young players.
2) The training reduced markers of muscle damage (CK and LDH levels) over time and improved high-intensity performance and tactical metrics in games.
3) Players who saw greater reductions in muscle damage markers also had larger increases in high-intensity actions during games.
Off-Season & In-Season Fitness Training for Football (Soccer)Mike Young
This is Dr. Mike Young's slidedeck from his presentation at the Soccer Conference held in Dublin, Ireland at the Sports Surgery Clinic. Dr. Young presents fundamental concepts on fitness training for football and provides guidelines for coaches to follow. Dr. Young is the owner and Director of Performance at Athletic Lab sports performance training center. Previously, he was fitness coach for the NASL champion Carolina Railhawks and the Vancouver Whitecaps of the MLS.
Effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism-...Sports Journal
This literature review examines the effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism. Seven studies that utilized aerobic exercises like treadmill training and body weight supported treadmill training with subjects with Parkinson's disease were reviewed. The results across the studies found that aerobic exercise improved walking parameters like speed, stride length, home ambulation, and reduced movement initiation time. The literature review concluded that aerobic exercises can improve walking capacity in patients with parkinsonism.
The Analysis of Plyometric Training Program on University Handball PlayersIOSR Journals
This study analyzed the effects of a 16-week plyometric training program on 21 university handball players. Testing was conducted before, during, and after the program to measure changes in explosive power and speed/force capabilities. While explosive power metrics like vertical jump height did not significantly improve, speed/force metrics like medicine ball throws saw reliable gains, especially in female players. The program was effective at improving handball players' ability to perform repeated maximal height jumps quickly, an important skill in the sport. The study demonstrates that plyometric training can boost speed/force abilities more than explosive power in handball players.
This research article studied whether TRX suspension training could reduce injury rates in futsal athletes by improving Functional Movement Screening (FMS) scores. 24 futsal players were randomly assigned to a control or intervention group. The intervention group did TRX training 3 times a week for 6 weeks, while the control group did regular training. Both groups were tested with the FMS before and after. The intervention group significantly improved their deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, trunk rotary stability, and total FMS scores compared to the control group. The results suggest that TRX training can strengthen the core and improve motor control patterns to potentially reduce injuries in futsal players by increasing FMS scores.
Eccentric training can improve muscle strength, power, and stretch-shortening cycle function to a greater extent than concentric or traditional resistance training. While both eccentric and concentric training increase muscle strength, the increases tend to be mode-specific. Eccentric training with loads greater than concentric strength limits elicits greater overall strength gains. Faster contraction velocities during eccentric training may further enhance strength and power adaptations. Eccentric training appears especially effective for improving performance requiring stretch-shortening cycle function.
Soccer Fitness: A Science Based ApproachMike Young
This is a presentation by Mike Young, PhD. Dr. Young is the fitness coach for the Vancouver Whitecaps (MLS) and founder of HPC-Athletic Lab sport performance training and research center. The presentation details the physical demands of the sport of soccer and how to best train for them while managing fatigue.
***It appears many of the pictures and charts of the file did not convert well on slideshare. Please feel free to download the PDF for a more complete version.***
Epidemiological studies have consistently shown hamstring
strain injuries (HSIs) to have a high prevalence rate in many
sports, such as sprinting (11%; Lysholm & Wiklander, 1987),
Australian Rules Football (16–23%; Orchard, 2001; Orchard,
Marsden, Lord, & Garlick, 1997) and football (12–14%:
Ekstrand, Hagglund, & Walden, 2011; Hawkins, Hulse,
Wilkinson, Hodson, & Gibson, 2001). The epidemiology and
aetiology of HSI in football has received extensive attention in
the scientific literature (Ekstrand et al., 2011; Woods et al., 2004),
given the economic burden associated with professional
players missing training and competitive fixtures (Woods,
Hawkins, Hulse, & Hodson, 2002). b
This document discusses the use of GPS technology in tracking player movement and performance in various sports. It provides details on how GPS works and the types of data it can collect on location, speed, distance and other metrics. Examples are given of research on GPS data collected in sports like Australian rules football, rugby, and how it is used to analyze player workload, fatigue, and inform training. While GPS data provides valuable insights, further research is still needed to fully understand its accuracy and how best to analyze and apply the data to coaching.
Biomechanical Analysis of The Complete Core ConditionerBrandon Hossack
This study analyzed the Complete Core Conditioner machine to see if it provided an increase in core exercise intensity over traditional floor exercises. 9 subjects performed 3 core exercises (prone leg raise, supine crunch, supine leg crunch) on both the machine and floor while motion capture recorded range of motion and velocity. The results showed that the machine provided a statistically significant increase in range of motion but no change in velocity compared to floor exercises. Therefore, the machine effectively increased exercise intensity through a higher range of motion. However, more research is needed to validate long term benefits.
Physical Fitness Index of Indian Judo Players assessed by Harvard step test.IOSR Journals
This study assessed the physical fitness index of 31 Indian judo players using the Harvard step test and compared it to 31 sedentary controls. The judo players were divided into two groups based on duration of training: Group A trained for 5 years or less, Group B trained for over 5 years. Group B showed a significantly higher physical fitness index than Group A. Both judo player groups had a higher index than the controls. A positive correlation was also found between physical fitness index and performance in a special judo fitness test, suggesting higher fitness is associated with better judo performance. The results indicate that longer training duration has a positive effect on physical fitness levels in judo players.
Effects of Velocity Loss During Resistance Training on Performance in Profess...Fernando Farias
To analyze the effects of two resistance training (RT) programs that used the same relative loading but different repetition volume, using the velocity loss during the set as the independent variable: 15% (VL15) vs. 30% (VL30). Methods: Sixteen professional soccer players with RT experience (age 23.8 ± 3.5 years, body mass 75.5 ± 8.6 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups: VL15 (n = 8) or VL30 (n = 8) that followed a 6-week (18 sessions) velocity-based squat training program. Repetition velocity was monitored in all sessions. Assessments performed before (Pre) and after training (Post) included: estimated one- repetition maximum (1RM) and change in average mean propulsive velocity (AMPV) against absolute loads common to Pre and Post tests; countermovement jump (CMJ); 30-m sprint (T30); and Yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT).
Effect of Aerobic Training on Percentage of Body Fat, Total Cholesterol and H...IOSR Journals
1. The document discusses the effects of a 16-week plyometric training program on various anthropometric and biochemical variables of 10 university handball players.
2. The results showed a significant reduction in body fat percentage and improvements in lean body mass, serum urea levels, and HDL cholesterol levels. Triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels also significantly decreased after training.
3. The study concluded that plyometric training can induce beneficial changes to body composition and lipid profiles among university handball players.
Bilateral and unilateral vertical ground reaction forcesFernando Farias
The purposes of this study were to assess unilateral and bilateral vertical jump performance
characteristics, and to compare the vertical ground reaction force characteristics of the impulse and landing
phase of a vertical jump between the dominant and non-dominant leg in soccer players.
Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring archi...Fernando Farias
The architectural and morphological adaptations of the hamstrings in response to training
33 with different exercises have not been explored. PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in biceps
34 femoris long head (BFLH) fascicle length and hamstring muscle size following 10-weeks of
35 Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) or hip extension (HE) training. METHODS: Thirty
36 recreationally active male athletes (age, 22.0 ± 3.6 years, height, 180.4 ± 7 cm, weight, 80.8 ±
37 11.1 kg) were allocated to one of three groups: 1) HE training (n=10), NHE training (n=10),
38 or no training (CON) (n=10). BFLH fascicle length was assessed before, during (Week 5) and
39 after the intervention with 2D-ultrasound. Hamstring muscle size was determined before and
40 after training via magnetic resonance imaging.
Muscular Adaptations to Depth jump Plyometric Training: Comparison of Sand vs...Fernando Farias
The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of sand
and land depth jump plyometric training on muscular performance in
men. Fourteen healthy men were randomly assigned to one of two
training groups: (a) Sand Depth Jump training (SDJ; N = 7) or (b) Land
Depth Jump training (LDJ; N = 7).
This study evaluated a new method of monitoring exercise training called the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method. The session RPE method uses a participant's perceived exertion after a training session as a marker of training intensity. The study compared the session RPE method to an objective heart rate (HR) monitoring method during steady state and interval cycling, as well as basketball practice. It found a consistent relationship between the two monitoring methods, though the session RPE scores were generally higher. Even with different subjects, the relationships between the methods were similar. The study concluded the session RPE method is a valid way to quantify training during various types of exercise when objective monitoring is not possible.
This study examined the effects of a 6-week plyometric training program on agility among athletes. 28 subjects were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group or a control group. The training group performed plyometric exercises 2 times per week for 6 weeks, while the control group did not train. Both groups were tested on the T-test and Illinois Agility Test before and after the training. The results showed that the training group significantly improved their times on both agility tests after training, while the control group did not improve. This suggests that 6 weeks of plyometric training can effectively improve an athlete's agility.
With COVID-19 still disrupting training and coaches looking to plan for returning to play, I thought I would share my UKSCA presentation which I recently passed. I used an example at Heriots Rugby and shows our return to play program in the aim of playing back in October. I'm keen to share this to help any other coaches and to create any discussion/feedback for myself and see if there is other things I could have done to improve on this. Really keen to start sharing more work and see how I can improve and changes things from feedback!
This case study documents a 3-month integrated coaching program for a 16-year old male soccer player playing as a centre defender for Portsmouth FC Youth Team. A needs analysis identified areas for improvement in speed, power, change of direction, and injury risk reduction. The program included strength, power, speed, agility and endurance training over 12 weeks. Testing showed improvements in vertical jump, sprint times, change of direction, and lifting strength. Further recommendations included more conditioning drills, GPS monitoring, and agility development.
Anthropometric determinants of rowing ergometer performance in physically ina...Fernando Maria Saura
This document summarizes a study that evaluated anthropometric characteristics as determinants of 500 m rowing ergometer performance in physically inactive college females. The study involved 196 college females aged 19-23 years who were measured for various anthropometric parameters including body mass, height, limb lengths, and indices. Participants then performed a 500 m maximal effort trial on a rowing ergometer. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that body mass, height, limb lengths, BMI, slenderness index, and Choszcz-Podstawski index were statistically significant determinants of performance. The best results were seen in females with heights of 170-180 cm and limb lengths of 75-80 cm and 85-90 cm.
The document discusses a study that examined the effects of sport loading and plyometric training on strength in football players. Forty-five male amateur football players between ages 18-22 were randomly assigned to three groups: a sport loading group, plyometric training group, and control group. The two experimental groups underwent 8 weeks of training 3 days per week while the control group received no additional training. Results showed that both the sport loading and plyometric training groups had significantly greater improvements in leg strength compared to the control group. The study demonstrates that sport loading and plyometric training can effectively increase strength in football players.
Comparative effect of SAQ and circuit training programme on selected physical...Sports Journal
The present study was undertaken to study the comparative effect of SAQ and circuit training program on
selected physical fitness variables of school level basketball players. Thirty (30) school level basketball
players aged between 14-17 years will randomly be selected from Simpkins School Agra U.P. The
subjects were randomly divided in three groups as group A (SAQ training group), group B (circuit
training group) and group C (control group). After the pre-test with Physical fitness test Experiment
Group-A underwent a training SAQ programme of selected exercise. Experiment Group-B received a
Circuit training program of selected exercises, whereas the Control group did not participate in any
training program. Group A has gone under SAQ training program and Group has gone under circuit
training for 60 minutes three times a week except Sunday for duration of 12 weeks. Post data was
collected after 12 weeks of experimental period. Analysis of Variance (ANOCOVA) was applied at 0.05
level of significance and Post hoc mean comparison was done by using LSD test. It may be concluded
that SAQ training program was significantly better than circuit training program for speed and agility
whereas circuit training program was better than SAQ training program for abdominal, arms & shoulder
endurance being studied by the researcher. In case of explosive strength no significant difference was
found between both the training programs
Crimson Publishers: Effect of Strength Training on Physical Variable of Colle...Crimson-ForensicScience
Effect of Strength Training on Physical Variable of College Men Cricket Players by Zahoor Ahmad Bhat* in Forensic Science & Addiction Research
The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of strength training on Physical Variable of college men cricket players. To achieve the purpose twenty male students (n=20) were randomly selected as subjects and the age were ranged between 18 and 24 years. The selected subjects were randomly assigned into two equal groups such as training group (TG) and control group (CG) for the strengths of fifteen (n=10) each. Experimental training group underwent respective strength training program me for twelve weeks for three days per week and a session on each day. The control group did not involve in any special training apart from their regular activities. The criterion variable arm strength was measured by pull-ups. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyse the collected data. The results revealed that that the strength training was made significant improvement (p≤0.05) in arm strength of the selected subjects. The level of confidence was fixed at 0.05 in all cases.
Effect of Circuit Training on Agility of College Male Students-Crimson Publis...Crimson-ForensicScience
The purpose of this investigation was to find out the influence of circuit training on agility among college students. Thirty male college students (n=30) were randomly selected as subjects and their age ranged between 18 and 22 years. The selected subjects were randomly assigned into two equal groups such as circuit training group (CTG), and control group (CG) with fifteen subjects each (n=15). The experimental group underwent their respective experimental treatment for eight weeks three days per week and a session on each day. Control group was not undergone any specific training apart from their regular activities. Agility was taken as dependent variable for this study and it was measured by shuttle run. The collected data was analyzed by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The result revealed that the circuit training group produced significant improvement (p≤0.05) on agility as compare to control group.
Abstract
The present investigation has been conducted to find out the relationship of selected motor fitness tests to percentage of body fat and reaction time (visual) in mid level male footballer players volunteered to participate in this study.16 students of 15 to 18 years of age and having training in BKSP, were recruited as the subjects. The data on the variables such as percentage of body-fat (BF), speed, agility and reaction-time (RT) were collected by using standard tools and techniques. Each subject’s speed, agility, and reaction time were measured, and the data analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and paired t tests (using SPSS-16). There were no meaningful correlations between reaction time and speed in the subjects .There was a negative correlation between percentage of body fat and reaction time.
This research article studied whether TRX suspension training could reduce injury rates in futsal athletes by improving Functional Movement Screening (FMS) scores. 24 futsal players were randomly assigned to a control or intervention group. The intervention group did TRX training 3 times a week for 6 weeks, while the control group did regular training. Both groups were tested with the FMS before and after. The intervention group significantly improved their deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, trunk rotary stability, and total FMS scores compared to the control group. The results suggest that TRX training can strengthen the core and improve motor control patterns to potentially reduce injuries in futsal players by increasing FMS scores.
Eccentric training can improve muscle strength, power, and stretch-shortening cycle function to a greater extent than concentric or traditional resistance training. While both eccentric and concentric training increase muscle strength, the increases tend to be mode-specific. Eccentric training with loads greater than concentric strength limits elicits greater overall strength gains. Faster contraction velocities during eccentric training may further enhance strength and power adaptations. Eccentric training appears especially effective for improving performance requiring stretch-shortening cycle function.
Soccer Fitness: A Science Based ApproachMike Young
This is a presentation by Mike Young, PhD. Dr. Young is the fitness coach for the Vancouver Whitecaps (MLS) and founder of HPC-Athletic Lab sport performance training and research center. The presentation details the physical demands of the sport of soccer and how to best train for them while managing fatigue.
***It appears many of the pictures and charts of the file did not convert well on slideshare. Please feel free to download the PDF for a more complete version.***
Epidemiological studies have consistently shown hamstring
strain injuries (HSIs) to have a high prevalence rate in many
sports, such as sprinting (11%; Lysholm & Wiklander, 1987),
Australian Rules Football (16–23%; Orchard, 2001; Orchard,
Marsden, Lord, & Garlick, 1997) and football (12–14%:
Ekstrand, Hagglund, & Walden, 2011; Hawkins, Hulse,
Wilkinson, Hodson, & Gibson, 2001). The epidemiology and
aetiology of HSI in football has received extensive attention in
the scientific literature (Ekstrand et al., 2011; Woods et al., 2004),
given the economic burden associated with professional
players missing training and competitive fixtures (Woods,
Hawkins, Hulse, & Hodson, 2002). b
This document discusses the use of GPS technology in tracking player movement and performance in various sports. It provides details on how GPS works and the types of data it can collect on location, speed, distance and other metrics. Examples are given of research on GPS data collected in sports like Australian rules football, rugby, and how it is used to analyze player workload, fatigue, and inform training. While GPS data provides valuable insights, further research is still needed to fully understand its accuracy and how best to analyze and apply the data to coaching.
Biomechanical Analysis of The Complete Core ConditionerBrandon Hossack
This study analyzed the Complete Core Conditioner machine to see if it provided an increase in core exercise intensity over traditional floor exercises. 9 subjects performed 3 core exercises (prone leg raise, supine crunch, supine leg crunch) on both the machine and floor while motion capture recorded range of motion and velocity. The results showed that the machine provided a statistically significant increase in range of motion but no change in velocity compared to floor exercises. Therefore, the machine effectively increased exercise intensity through a higher range of motion. However, more research is needed to validate long term benefits.
Physical Fitness Index of Indian Judo Players assessed by Harvard step test.IOSR Journals
This study assessed the physical fitness index of 31 Indian judo players using the Harvard step test and compared it to 31 sedentary controls. The judo players were divided into two groups based on duration of training: Group A trained for 5 years or less, Group B trained for over 5 years. Group B showed a significantly higher physical fitness index than Group A. Both judo player groups had a higher index than the controls. A positive correlation was also found between physical fitness index and performance in a special judo fitness test, suggesting higher fitness is associated with better judo performance. The results indicate that longer training duration has a positive effect on physical fitness levels in judo players.
Effects of Velocity Loss During Resistance Training on Performance in Profess...Fernando Farias
To analyze the effects of two resistance training (RT) programs that used the same relative loading but different repetition volume, using the velocity loss during the set as the independent variable: 15% (VL15) vs. 30% (VL30). Methods: Sixteen professional soccer players with RT experience (age 23.8 ± 3.5 years, body mass 75.5 ± 8.6 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups: VL15 (n = 8) or VL30 (n = 8) that followed a 6-week (18 sessions) velocity-based squat training program. Repetition velocity was monitored in all sessions. Assessments performed before (Pre) and after training (Post) included: estimated one- repetition maximum (1RM) and change in average mean propulsive velocity (AMPV) against absolute loads common to Pre and Post tests; countermovement jump (CMJ); 30-m sprint (T30); and Yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT).
Effect of Aerobic Training on Percentage of Body Fat, Total Cholesterol and H...IOSR Journals
1. The document discusses the effects of a 16-week plyometric training program on various anthropometric and biochemical variables of 10 university handball players.
2. The results showed a significant reduction in body fat percentage and improvements in lean body mass, serum urea levels, and HDL cholesterol levels. Triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels also significantly decreased after training.
3. The study concluded that plyometric training can induce beneficial changes to body composition and lipid profiles among university handball players.
Bilateral and unilateral vertical ground reaction forcesFernando Farias
The purposes of this study were to assess unilateral and bilateral vertical jump performance
characteristics, and to compare the vertical ground reaction force characteristics of the impulse and landing
phase of a vertical jump between the dominant and non-dominant leg in soccer players.
Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring archi...Fernando Farias
The architectural and morphological adaptations of the hamstrings in response to training
33 with different exercises have not been explored. PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in biceps
34 femoris long head (BFLH) fascicle length and hamstring muscle size following 10-weeks of
35 Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) or hip extension (HE) training. METHODS: Thirty
36 recreationally active male athletes (age, 22.0 ± 3.6 years, height, 180.4 ± 7 cm, weight, 80.8 ±
37 11.1 kg) were allocated to one of three groups: 1) HE training (n=10), NHE training (n=10),
38 or no training (CON) (n=10). BFLH fascicle length was assessed before, during (Week 5) and
39 after the intervention with 2D-ultrasound. Hamstring muscle size was determined before and
40 after training via magnetic resonance imaging.
Muscular Adaptations to Depth jump Plyometric Training: Comparison of Sand vs...Fernando Farias
The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of sand
and land depth jump plyometric training on muscular performance in
men. Fourteen healthy men were randomly assigned to one of two
training groups: (a) Sand Depth Jump training (SDJ; N = 7) or (b) Land
Depth Jump training (LDJ; N = 7).
This study evaluated a new method of monitoring exercise training called the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method. The session RPE method uses a participant's perceived exertion after a training session as a marker of training intensity. The study compared the session RPE method to an objective heart rate (HR) monitoring method during steady state and interval cycling, as well as basketball practice. It found a consistent relationship between the two monitoring methods, though the session RPE scores were generally higher. Even with different subjects, the relationships between the methods were similar. The study concluded the session RPE method is a valid way to quantify training during various types of exercise when objective monitoring is not possible.
This study examined the effects of a 6-week plyometric training program on agility among athletes. 28 subjects were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group or a control group. The training group performed plyometric exercises 2 times per week for 6 weeks, while the control group did not train. Both groups were tested on the T-test and Illinois Agility Test before and after the training. The results showed that the training group significantly improved their times on both agility tests after training, while the control group did not improve. This suggests that 6 weeks of plyometric training can effectively improve an athlete's agility.
With COVID-19 still disrupting training and coaches looking to plan for returning to play, I thought I would share my UKSCA presentation which I recently passed. I used an example at Heriots Rugby and shows our return to play program in the aim of playing back in October. I'm keen to share this to help any other coaches and to create any discussion/feedback for myself and see if there is other things I could have done to improve on this. Really keen to start sharing more work and see how I can improve and changes things from feedback!
This case study documents a 3-month integrated coaching program for a 16-year old male soccer player playing as a centre defender for Portsmouth FC Youth Team. A needs analysis identified areas for improvement in speed, power, change of direction, and injury risk reduction. The program included strength, power, speed, agility and endurance training over 12 weeks. Testing showed improvements in vertical jump, sprint times, change of direction, and lifting strength. Further recommendations included more conditioning drills, GPS monitoring, and agility development.
Anthropometric determinants of rowing ergometer performance in physically ina...Fernando Maria Saura
This document summarizes a study that evaluated anthropometric characteristics as determinants of 500 m rowing ergometer performance in physically inactive college females. The study involved 196 college females aged 19-23 years who were measured for various anthropometric parameters including body mass, height, limb lengths, and indices. Participants then performed a 500 m maximal effort trial on a rowing ergometer. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that body mass, height, limb lengths, BMI, slenderness index, and Choszcz-Podstawski index were statistically significant determinants of performance. The best results were seen in females with heights of 170-180 cm and limb lengths of 75-80 cm and 85-90 cm.
The document discusses a study that examined the effects of sport loading and plyometric training on strength in football players. Forty-five male amateur football players between ages 18-22 were randomly assigned to three groups: a sport loading group, plyometric training group, and control group. The two experimental groups underwent 8 weeks of training 3 days per week while the control group received no additional training. Results showed that both the sport loading and plyometric training groups had significantly greater improvements in leg strength compared to the control group. The study demonstrates that sport loading and plyometric training can effectively increase strength in football players.
Comparative effect of SAQ and circuit training programme on selected physical...Sports Journal
The present study was undertaken to study the comparative effect of SAQ and circuit training program on
selected physical fitness variables of school level basketball players. Thirty (30) school level basketball
players aged between 14-17 years will randomly be selected from Simpkins School Agra U.P. The
subjects were randomly divided in three groups as group A (SAQ training group), group B (circuit
training group) and group C (control group). After the pre-test with Physical fitness test Experiment
Group-A underwent a training SAQ programme of selected exercise. Experiment Group-B received a
Circuit training program of selected exercises, whereas the Control group did not participate in any
training program. Group A has gone under SAQ training program and Group has gone under circuit
training for 60 minutes three times a week except Sunday for duration of 12 weeks. Post data was
collected after 12 weeks of experimental period. Analysis of Variance (ANOCOVA) was applied at 0.05
level of significance and Post hoc mean comparison was done by using LSD test. It may be concluded
that SAQ training program was significantly better than circuit training program for speed and agility
whereas circuit training program was better than SAQ training program for abdominal, arms & shoulder
endurance being studied by the researcher. In case of explosive strength no significant difference was
found between both the training programs
Crimson Publishers: Effect of Strength Training on Physical Variable of Colle...Crimson-ForensicScience
Effect of Strength Training on Physical Variable of College Men Cricket Players by Zahoor Ahmad Bhat* in Forensic Science & Addiction Research
The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of strength training on Physical Variable of college men cricket players. To achieve the purpose twenty male students (n=20) were randomly selected as subjects and the age were ranged between 18 and 24 years. The selected subjects were randomly assigned into two equal groups such as training group (TG) and control group (CG) for the strengths of fifteen (n=10) each. Experimental training group underwent respective strength training program me for twelve weeks for three days per week and a session on each day. The control group did not involve in any special training apart from their regular activities. The criterion variable arm strength was measured by pull-ups. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyse the collected data. The results revealed that that the strength training was made significant improvement (p≤0.05) in arm strength of the selected subjects. The level of confidence was fixed at 0.05 in all cases.
Effect of Circuit Training on Agility of College Male Students-Crimson Publis...Crimson-ForensicScience
The purpose of this investigation was to find out the influence of circuit training on agility among college students. Thirty male college students (n=30) were randomly selected as subjects and their age ranged between 18 and 22 years. The selected subjects were randomly assigned into two equal groups such as circuit training group (CTG), and control group (CG) with fifteen subjects each (n=15). The experimental group underwent their respective experimental treatment for eight weeks three days per week and a session on each day. Control group was not undergone any specific training apart from their regular activities. Agility was taken as dependent variable for this study and it was measured by shuttle run. The collected data was analyzed by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The result revealed that the circuit training group produced significant improvement (p≤0.05) on agility as compare to control group.
Abstract
The present investigation has been conducted to find out the relationship of selected motor fitness tests to percentage of body fat and reaction time (visual) in mid level male footballer players volunteered to participate in this study.16 students of 15 to 18 years of age and having training in BKSP, were recruited as the subjects. The data on the variables such as percentage of body-fat (BF), speed, agility and reaction-time (RT) were collected by using standard tools and techniques. Each subject’s speed, agility, and reaction time were measured, and the data analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and paired t tests (using SPSS-16). There were no meaningful correlations between reaction time and speed in the subjects .There was a negative correlation between percentage of body fat and reaction time.
Elite adolescent Irish rugby players in the forward unit were significantly taller, heavier, and had lower countermovement jump height, triple hop distance, 150m shuttle run score, and slower 10m sprint times compared to players in the back unit. The results provide normative data on the physical characteristics of elite youth rugby players in Ireland and can help with talent identification and development.
Analysis of the physical fitness of the physical education professional stude...Sports Journal
The purpose of this study was to compare the selected physical fitness variables of the Physical
Education Professional students participated in the different competition levels. To achieve the purpose,
eighty three male physical education students studying B.P.Ed. Courses at Alvas B.P.Ed. Moddigere and
General Kariyappa B.P.Ed. College Shimogga during 2015 with age ranging 18-25 were selected at
random. They had their credit in participating Intercollegiate, South Zone and All India competitions.
The physical fitness variables selected for the study were the Shoulder Strength (Pull ups in nos.);
Abdominal Strength (Sit ups in nos.); Agility (Shuttle Run in secs.); Speed (50 meters dash in secs.);
Explosive Power (Standing Broad Jump in meters) and Cardiovascular Endurance (600 Meters Run/Walk
in minutes). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find out the significant difference
among different disciplines. Further the Scheffe’s Post Hoc test was used to find the significant
difference in paired mean scores. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in the Pull Ups,
Sit Ups and Speed of the Physical Education Professional students participated in the different
competition levels. A better understanding of these relationships will help to understand the power and
endurance and also help to plan sport specific strength training at South Zone, All India and National
level athletes.
Effect of psychological skills training program on floor exercise performanceMalika Sharma
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the effect of a 6-week Psychological Skills Training (PST) program on the floor exercise performance of 60 artistic gymnasts divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent the PST program in addition to regular physical training, while the control group only received physical training. Performance was assessed before and after using FIG code of points. Results found a significant improvement in the experimental group's performance compared to the control group. Additionally, the PST program benefited male and female gymnasts equally with no significant difference found between their improvements. The study concluded that a tailored PST program can effectively improve gymnasts' mental skills and performance on the floor exercise.
ACUTE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WARM UP PROTOCOLS ON.pdfPablo Lorenzo
This study investigated the acute effects of three different warm-up protocols (stretching exercises, plyometric exercises, suspension exercises) on the performance of 20 elite soccer players. The players performed tests measuring static balance, vertical jump, 30m sprint, reaction time, and flexibility before and after each warm-up protocol. The results showed that stretching exercises significantly decreased vertical jump and increased 30m sprint time, while plyometric and suspension exercises significantly increased 30m sprint time without negatively impacting other measures. Suspension exercises may be most beneficial for warm-ups in sports requiring speed and jumping.
Comparative Study of Weight Training, Plyometric Training and Combined Weight...Tapan Dutta
The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of weight training, plyometric training and combined weight and plyometric training on the selected physical fitness components and kicking ability of soccer players.
For the purpose of the study, 100 male school soccer players of 15 -18 years of age from various schools of Una, Hamirpur and Kangra Districts were randomly selected as the subjects for the study. It was ascertained from the health examination reports maintained by school that all the selected players are medically fit. All the players were randomly assigned to four groups: three experimental groups viz. Weight Training Group (Group A), Plyometric Training Group (Group B) and Combined Weight and Plyometric Training Group (Group C), and the fourth group served as the Control Group (Group D). Each group consisted of 25 soccer players. The different training programmes were assigned randomly to different districts for its proper implementation. Una District soccer players were assigned weight training programme, Kangra District soccer players were assigned plyometric training programme and one group of 25 soccer players of Hamirpur District were assigned combined weight and plyometric training programme and second group of 25 soccer players Hamirpur District were kept in control group.
On the basis of the literature reviewed, experts opinion and scholar's own understanding of the problem, it was hypothesized that significant difference may be found as a result of selected weight training, plyometric training and combined weight and plyometric training on the selected physical fitness and kicking ability of soccer players.
The objective of the present study was:
1. To find out whether there is any significant effect of selected weight training, plyometric training and combined weight and plyometric training on the selected physical fitness and kicking ability of soccer players or not.
2. To find out which training type is better for the development of physical fitness and kicking ability of soccer players.
Based on the literature reviewed, discussion with experts, scholar’s own experience and keeping the feasibility criteria in mind, the following Physical Fitness Components, Strength, Speed, Agility, Cardio-Respiratory Endurance, Balance (Dynamic) were selected and to measure the kicking ability of soccer players Kicking Accuracy and Kicking for Distance were selected for the present study.
Strength was measured with the help of Vertical Jump, Vertical Power Jump and Standing Broad Jump. Speed was measured with the help of 50 Yard Dash Test. Agility was measured with the help of Shuttle Run and SEMO Agility Test. Balance was measured with the help of Modified Bass Dynamic Balance Test. Cardio-Respiratory Endurance will be measured with the help of 600 Yard Run/Walk Test. Whereas Kicking Ability was measured with the help of Kicking Accuracy and Kicking for Distance Tests.
Effect of Body Combat exercises on selected physical fitness components of sc...Sports Journal
The objective of the study was to assess the effect of body combat exercises on selected physical fitness components of school boys aged 14-16 years. Fifty (50) boys, aged from 14-16 years, were volunteered as subjects for this study. The selected variable for the study was cardiovascular endurance and muscular strength and for measuring cardiovascular endurance and muscular strength Harvard Step Test and sit-up tests were taken into consideration. Body combat exercises were intervened for the period of eight (8) weeks. This experimental design consists of an experimental group which was compared with a control group for the testing the effects of Body Combat exercise training program on cardiovascular endurance and muscular strength component. This experimental design was Non-equivalent control groups Design (pretest/post-test) where the experimental group received the Body combat exercise training program and the control group did not. The collected data were analyzed by using One Way ANCOVA. It was found that after the Eight weeks training programme there was a significant improvement in the cardiovascular endurance and Muscular Strength of school boys.
Influencing factors upon the reliability of physical proficiency testIOSR Journals
Abstract: The investigator has been selected (i) warm-up, (ii) motivation, and (iii) time of the day for physical
performance as influencing factors of the reliability of physical proficiency test of (i) 30 feet shuttle-run, (ii)
standing broad-jump, (iii) sit-ups for one minute. Eighty students of Bachelor Degree who are opted Physical
Education, Health education and Sports subjects from different colleges affiliated to Manipur University were
selected for this investigation. The Selection of the subjects was done purely on the basis of the specific purpose
of the study and had certain level of physical proficiency so that all the subjects could perform all the variable
test items of the study. After systematically analysed the data of the study it was found that the selected
influencing measurement factors has been affected the reliability of the selected physical proficiency test.
Keywords: Proficiency, reliability, warm-up, motivation, 30 feet shuttle-run, standing broad-jump, and sit-ups
for one minute.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Motor Fitness of Rural Primary School Girls In Comparison To Boys IOSR Journals
The document compares the motor fitness of rural primary school boys and girls aged 9-10 years in West Bengal, India. It finds that:
1) Boys had significantly higher cardio-respiratory endurance than girls, while girls had significantly greater flexibility and abdominal muscular strength-endurance.
2) There were no significant differences found between boys and girls for speed, agility, coordination, or anaerobic power.
3) The results indicate that motor fitness is component-specific for boys and girls of this age, with some differences emerging that align with typical lifestyle activities and opportunities for each gender in a rural setting.
Effect of plyometric training on sand versus grass on muscle soreness and jum...Fernando Farias
This study compared the effects of 4 weeks of plyometric training performed on either sand or grass surfaces in 37 soccer players. Jumping ability and sprinting performance were assessed before and after training. Players who trained on sand experienced less muscle soreness over the training period compared to those who trained on grass, but the training effects on jumping and sprinting differed between surfaces. Training on grass led to greater improvements in countermovement jump height and utilization of elastic energy, while training on sand showed greater improvements in squat jump height. Both surfaces improved sprinting performance similarly. Therefore, different training surfaces may be associated with different training adaptations in neuromuscular factors related to the stretch-shortening cycle.
Effect of plyometric training on sand versus grass on muscle soreness and jum...Fernando Farias
Plyometric training on sand improved both
jumping and sprinting ability and induced less muscle
soreness. A grass surface seems to be superior in
enhancing CMJ performance while the sand surface
showed a greater improvement in SJ. Therefore,
plyometric training on different surfaces may be
associated with different training-induced effects on some
neuromuscular factors related to the efficiency of the
stretch-shortening cycle.
The document summarizes a study that examined the effect of a coordination training program on learning tennis skills. It found that:
1) Expert tennis coaches identified kinaesthetic differentiation and reaction time as the most important coordination abilities for tennis.
2) The study involved 48 novice tennis players who were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group performed a 20-minute coordination training program focusing on kinaesthetic differentiation and reaction time, while the control group did not.
3) Results showed the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group on measures of forehand and backhand skills immediately after training and one week later, indicating the coordination training helped them learn and perform the skills better.
EFFECTIVENESS OF TREADMILL TRAINING ON GAIT FUNCTION IN.pptxNicholas Redly
This meta-analysis investigated the effects of treadmill training on gait function in children with cerebral palsy. Eight studies with a total of 179 participants were included. Treadmill training had a moderate effect on overall gait function. It had a large effect on gait endurance, and moderate effects on gait speed and limb support time. However, treadmill training had small, insignificant effects on cadence and step length. These findings suggest that treadmill training can effectively improve certain aspects of gait function in children with cerebral palsy.
Effect of yogic practices in State level football playersIOSR Journals
Abstract: To see the effect of three month yogic exercise in state level football players 50 state level football
players were selected as a subject. The pre-test, mid test and post test had been taken by using Dynamic
flexibility test, side split flexibility test and shoulder and wrist elevation flexibility test tools. To determine the
difference between the 3 groups (initial, mid and post test) of state level football players F test was employed at
0.05 significance level. And to determine the training effect the t test for comparison mean was employed for
two tails at the confidence level 0.05 level of significant.
The comparative between the initial and post test of dynamic flexibility test, side split flexibility test and
shoulder and wrist elevation flexibility test for the state level football players were found to be statistically
significant at .05 confidence level as the values 10.676, 10.003 and 10.102 respectively were found greater than
the tabulation value (1.98). Key wards: Dynamic flexibility, Side sliding flexibility, shoulder and wrist elevation, F test, comparative t test.
The physical demands of professional rugby league training and competition were measured using microtechnology. Match data from 22 players showed that outside backs covered the greatest distances, while hit-up forwards and wide-running forwards experienced more collisions and repeated high-intensity efforts. Traditional conditioning, skills training, and repeated high-intensity training involved lower physical demands than matches, especially for collisions and repeated high-intensity efforts. Further research is needed to modify training activities to better match the demands of competition.
This systematic review examined the evidence that eccentric training improves lower limb flexibility. The authors searched multiple databases and identified 6 randomized controlled trials that met their inclusion criteria. All 6 trials studied different muscle groups (hamstrings, plantar flexors, quadriceps) and measured flexibility using range of motion or muscle fascicle length. The results across all 6 trials consistently showed that eccentric training improved lower limb flexibility when compared to a different intervention or no intervention. This supports the hypothesis that eccentric training is an effective method for increasing lower limb flexibility. Further research is needed comparing eccentric training to other exercises like static stretching.
This case study documents a strength and conditioning program for a 22-year-old wide receiver on an American football team. The athlete's goals were to improve upper and lower body strength. Testing showed strengths in lower body power but weaknesses in speed, flexibility, and proprioception. A periodized program was designed with general preparation, specific preparation, and competition phases. After 12 weeks, the athlete showed improvements in strength, power, and agility, though speed and flexibility did not significantly improve. Future programs should focus more on these areas.
Effect of Isolated and Combined Training of Weight and Plyometric Training on...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The reason for this study was to figure out the impact of disconnected and joined weight and
plyometric preparing on chosen physical and physiological variables around school men. To confirm the
progressions because of the impact of weight preparing on chosen physical and physiological variables around
school men, plyometric preparing on chosen physical and physiological variables around school men. To
confirm the progressions because of the joined impact of weight and plyometric preparing on chosen physical
and physiological around school men. The reason for the study was to discover the impact of weight, Plyometric
and Combined preparing on chosen physical and physiological variables to be specific hazardous force, husky perseverance, brawny quality, speed, resting beat rate, breathing holding time and cardiovascular continuance
around school men. To realize the motivation behind this study, 80 school men learner were chosen at irregular
from in and around the Krishna region of Andhra Pradesh, their age ran from 18-23 years. They were
partitioned into four equivalent bunches and every gathering comprised 20 subjects. Group-An experienced
weight preparing; Group-B experienced Plyometric preparing and Group-C experienced joined preparing for
three days for every week for 12 weeks and Group D went about as a control that did not include any
uncommon preparing separated from the customary curricular exercises. While plyometric preparing is
requesting and place respectable push on the figure. The volume and power of the plyometric preparing inside
every these categorise might be directed to low and high practice. The subject of the plyometric assembly
cleared the base quality prerequisite test and exhibits both static and changing control test of their physique
weight with single leg squat, low power place plyometric preparing.
Keywords: Physiological, College Men, Plyometric, variables, Weight.
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Netherlands vs Austria Netherlands Face Familiar Foes in Euro Cup Germany Gro...Eticketing.co
The Netherlands are in Group D in Euro Cup Germany - and, unpaid to this, they will be coming up against familiar foes. Remarkably, they have played France, who have fashioned some of the greatest players of all time, 30 times throughout history. Despite France being more effective in major competitions, including captivating the World Cup in 2018, Holland have the greater head-to-head record.
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However, in 2023, they played one another twice, with France endearing both matches 4-0 and 2-1 individually. Against Poland and Austria, the Netherlands also have a stout record, winning just under half the matches. They faced Austria at Euro 2020, engaging 2-0, and they haven't lost to Poland since 1979.
The lettering is on the wall for Holland to qualify for the knockouts, but nothing is failsafe. The Netherlands kickstart their Euros campaign against Poland on Sunday, June 16th. In Hamburg, they will have to go up against one of the best strikers in the world, Robert Lewandowski.
Netherlands vs Austria: Tough Challenges Await the Netherlands in Euro Cup Germany
Five days later, they travel south to face France in Leipzig, a side led by Kylian Mbappe - one of the finest players in the world currently and one of the most impressive players in his nation's history. To conclude, they face Austria in Berlin, knowing it could be the end of the road if they don't perform.
Ronald Koeman is widely considered one of the more successful Dutch managers in Premier League history, considering the nation has a reputation for struggling to replicate their talents in England. The former Everton manager went against that script and shone — and now he is back managing his nation.
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Netherlands vs Austria: Ronald Koeman's Tactical Approach For UEFA Euro 2024
As well as being the highest-scoring defender in history, Koeman is a man with immense tactical knowledge. He returned to manage Holland at the start of 2023 after it was announced Louis van Gaal would retire. His life back in the dugout with the team wasn't easy, as he lost his first match 4-0 to France after going 3-0 down within 21 minutes.
However, he eventually helped them qualify for Euro Cup Germany. The 61-year-old likes to organize his team with a defensive mindset. Some might call it pragmatic as he defends with minimal space between the lines, but that's often needed for international football.
Psaroudakis: Family and Football – The Psaroudakis Success StoryPsaroudakis
Psaroudakis, a name that resonates with football fans around the globe, is a testament to the powerful synergy between familial support and individual passion. Born on March 10, 1992, in the historic city of Heraklion, Crete, Psaroudakis’ journey to international football stardom is a compelling narrative of dedication, perseverance, and unwavering family support. His story not only highlights his athletic prowess but also underscores the crucial role his family played in shaping his career and character.
Psaroudakis’ early life in Heraklion was deeply influenced by a supportive and nurturing family environment. His father, a former semi-professional footballer, recognized Psaroudakis’ potential from an early age. Acting as his first coach, his father’s guidance was instrumental in igniting Psaroudakis’ passion for football. This paternal influence instilled in him a strong work ethic and fundamental skills that would become the foundation of his future success. His mother, a dedicated homemaker, provided a stable and nurturing environment, ensuring that Psaroudakis could pursue his dreams without any hindrances.
From a young age, Psaroudakis showed an innate talent for football. Growing up in Heraklion, he spent countless hours playing football in local parks and streets with friends and family. His natural ability was evident even in these informal settings, and his enthusiasm for the game was infectious. By the age of five, Psaroudakis had joined a local youth football club, where his skills began to flourish. His father’s role as his first coach during these formative years was crucial, as he emphasized not only technical skills but also the importance of discipline and teamwork.
The transition from playing in local parks to joining a structured football environment marked a significant step in Psaroudakis’ journey. At the age of ten, he joined the youth academy of OFI Crete, one of Greece’s most esteemed football clubs. This move marked the beginning of a more rigorous and professional approach to his training. The academy environment was demanding, focusing on honing technical abilities and instilling values of sportsmanship and dedication. Psaroudakis’ dedication to his craft was evident as he quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a standout player in the youth teams.
The support of Psaroudakis’ family was unwavering during this critical period. His father continued to be a source of guidance and mentorship, while his mother ensured that he had everything he needed to succeed. Their collective efforts created a balanced environment where Psaroudakis could focus entirely on his development as a footballer. This familial support was not just about providing the basics; it was about creating an environment where Psaroudakis felt encouraged and motivated to pursue his dreams relentlessly.
As Psaroudakis transitioned from the youth academy to professional football, the challenges became more significant.
Match By Match Detailed Schedule Of The ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024.pdfmouthhunt5
20 Teams, One Trophy: What to Expect from the ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024
The ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024 is set to be an exciting event, co-hosted by the West Indies and the USA from June 1 to June 29, 2024. This edition of the tournament will feature a record 20 teams divided into four groups, competing across 55 matches for the prestigious title.
According to the report, the consumption of video content related to IPL 2024 has seen significant growth, nearly 3 times more than the previous season, reflecting an increasing interest of fans.
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Belgium vs Romania Injuries and Patience in Belgium’s Euro Cup Germany Squad....Eticketing.co
Belgium coach Domenico Tedesco will wait for several key players to recover from injury. Even if it means they miss the opening Euro Cup Germany stages of the European Championship in Germany this month. Veteran defender Jan Vertonghen, midfielder Youri Tielemans and defender Arthur. Theate are being given time to play in the tournament because they are considered vital to Belgium’s cause, Tedesco said on Tuesday.
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"Of course, you prefer to take players who are fully fit, but that's okay. We want to wait and be patient for some players even if they cannot play in those first matches," he told a press conference. The 37-year-old Vertonghen, Belgium’s Euro Cup 2024 most-capped international with 154 appearances, is struggling to shake off a groin injury.
"He will be there normally. This also applies to Youri Tielemans and Arthur Theate. The latter's position is very sensitive. We don't have many choices at left back. "It will only change if it turns out that they will only be available when, say, the final of the Euro 2024 Championship comes around. That's too long to wait. "However, I am confident that the injured boys are on track for the Euros.
Belgium vs Romania: Radu Dragusin Prepares for Crucial Role in Euro Cup Germany
Some of them have taken not one but two steps forward in their rehabilitation," he said. None of the injured players will feature in this week’s warm-up friendlies against Montenegro and Luxembourg. Romania centre-back Radu Dragusin found chances limited at Tottenham Hotspur in the second half of the 2023-24 season.
But is crucial to his country's cause at UEFA Euro 2024 where his aerial ability, physicality and hard graft make him a standout player. The 22-year-old moved to North London from Italian side Genoa in January but was kept on the sidelines by the form of another new arrival for the season, Mickey van de Ven, something Romania coach Edward Iordanescu admitted was a concern.
It will mean limited game-time going into the finals, but Dragusin, who cites Netherlands defender Virgil van Dijk as a role model, started every Euro Cup Germany qualifier as Romania went through the campaign unbeaten in their 10 games. He will be among their most important players in their first game in Germany against Ukraine in Munich on June 17, taking the right centre-back role in what is likely to be a back four.
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Hesan Soufi's Legacy: Inspiring the Next GenerationHesan Soufi
Hesan Soufi's impact on the game extends far beyond his on-field exploits. With his humility, sportsmanship, and unwavering commitment to excellence, Soufi has become a role model for aspiring footballers worldwide. His legacy lies not only in his achievements but also in the inspiration he provides to the next generation of talented players.
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Shumye (meine mutter) (1)
1. UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR
COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE
EFFECTS OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON SOME SELECTED PHYSICAL FITNESS
COMPONENTS:IN CASE OF U-17 FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PROJECT TRAINEES IN DEBARK
TOWN; NORTH GONDAR ZONE, AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA.
By Shumye Demissie
Dr Ephrem Tamrat (advisor)
Dr Mohammed Endris(co-advisor) July 12/11/2013 E.C
3. INTRODUCTION
• Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each
team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized
rules (Vassil & Bazanovk, 2012).
• Today, with a history of more than a century, volleyball is a complicated team game that
demands multi-faceted athletic activities and constantly changing positions (Gül et al., 2019).
• During competitive volleyball, players engage numerous sprints, jumps(defensive and
offensive) activities and court motions different physical qualities like power, agility,
balance, muscular endurance and speed are important (Bazyler et al., 2018)
3
4. Cont.…
• In volleyball game, each player performs more than 250 jumps in a volleyball match of
five sets (Martinez, 2017; Vlantes & Readdy, 2017).
• However, in female players, an average of 45 jumping acts was performed by every
player in two games. The maximum number of jumping acts per player over two games
was 73 (Tillman et al., 2004).
• Therefore, these traits need to be run and developed in relation to each other in training
(Thakur et al., 2016).
• In this context, plyometric training is one of the most used methods of training to
improve physical fitness components of female volleyball players (Stojanović et al., 2017).
4
5. Cont...
• Plyometric Training refers to exercises involving jumping, hopping, and skipping that is
characterized by eccentric contractions of the muscle-tendon unit immediately followed by
concentric contractions, this response has also been referred to as the stretch-shortening
cycle or myotatic reflex (Meylan & Malatesta, 2009).
• There are numerous studies in the literature, that suggest plyometric training can help with
vertical jump performance (Arazi & Asadi, 2011; Asadi, 2013; Martel et al., 2005& Thomas et al.,2009),
agility (Miller et al.,2006; Michailidis,2015; Bozdogan and Kizilet, 2017) muscular endurance (Kumar, 2020),
static and dynamic balance (Winter et al., (1990); Turgut et al., (2017) & Harput, 2016).
5
6. Statement of the Problem
• In recent years there has been an increase in the number of participants in volleyball sport
under clubs, projects and recreational programs in Ethiopia (Desalegn, 2017; Desalegn et al., 2016).
• It is vivid Volleyball is a very fast-paced and explosive sport in which plyometric training
is frequently used (Silva et al., 2019).
• Cognizant of this, numerous studies in the literature suggests plyometric training for the
improvement of vertical jump performance, agility, muscular endurance static and
dynamic balance.
6
7. Cont...
o In the experience of the investigator, as a member of sub city volleyball federation,
and MSc student volleyball players lack different components of physical fitness,
more specifically power, agility and speed.
o Moreover, in the knowledge of the researcher, there is a paucity of research
conducted on the effect of plyometric training on selected variables in Ethiopia at
large and in North Gondar in particular.
o Due to these gaps, the researcher needed to conduct the study entitled “effects of
plyometric training on some selected physical fitness components: in case of Under-
17 female volleyball project trainees in Debark town.
7
8. Research Hypotheses
To address the objectives of the study, the following research hypotheses were
posed:
H11: Twelve weeks of intervention of plyometrics training has a significant effect on the
explosive power of Debark town Under 17 female volleyball project trainees.
H12: Twelve weeks of intervention of plyometrics training has a significant effect on the
agility of Debark town Under 17 female volleyball project trainees.
H13: Twelve weeks of intervention of plyometrics training has a significant effect on the
muscular endurance of Debark town Under 17 female volleyball project trainees.
H14: Twelve weeks of intervention of plyometrics training has a significant effect on the
balance of Debark town Under 17 female volleyball project trainees.
8
9. Objectives of the Study
General Objective
In response to the foregoing, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of plyometric training on
some selected physical fitness components: in the case of Under-17 female volleyball project trainees in
Debark town, North Gondar zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia.
Specific Objectives
• In line with the above broad objective, the following specific objectives were drawn:
1. To measure the effect of plyometric training on power performance of under 17 female volleyball project
trainees in Debark town; north Gondar zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia.
2. To evaluate the effects of plyometric training on the agility of under 17 female volleyball project trainees in
Debark town; north Gondar zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia.
3. To identify the effects of plyometrics training on muscular endurance of under 17 female volleyball project
trainees in Debark town; north Gondar zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia.
4. To explore the effects of plyometric training on the balance of under 17 female volleyball project trainees in
Debark town; north Gondar zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia.
9
10. Significance of the Study
The result of this study could thus be helpful:
To provide the current information about the effect of plyometric training in the study
areas.
To use as a tool for decision-makers in the study area for evidence-based intervention.
To develop a regulation strategy to alleviate problems of fitness problems in general and
selected volleyball fitness components in particular.
Initiate concerned and interested researchers in the area to expand findings and to come
up with new ideas and suggestions that can contribute to the betterment of the training in
particular and its contribution to the other projects in general.
10
11. Delimitation of the Study
The scope of this study was delimited in geographically, methodologically, conceptually
and Contextually
In terms of geographical location the study covers only one Region (Amhara) and one
Zone (North Gondar) specifically Debark woreda.
The methodological scope of the study was used pretest-posttest experimental study
design.
conceptually, was delimited in U-17 female volleyball project trainees
In relation to Contextually approach, the current study addressed only effects of PT on
power, agility, muscular endurance and balance physical fitness components based on their
complexity.
11
12. Research Methodology
Research
Methodology
Study Area
Debark town
Research
Design
pretest-posttest
experimental
design
Population of the
Study
All U-17 female
debark VB
trainees
Sample and
Sampling
Techniques
*comprehensive
sampling technique
*simple random
sampling
12
Data Collection
Instruments
Vertical jump(power) T-
test(agility),30sec jump
test(muscular
endurance)
star excursion
test(balance)
14. Cont...
Training protocol
oFor young children, current public health programs suggest 60 minutes or more of
moderate to intense physical activity most days of the week to increase their fitness level
(Radwan et al., 2021).
oHowever, this plyometric protocol was performed 5 sessions per week a single session it
lasts up to 90 minutes (10 min of standardized warm-up, 75 min of plyometric drill and 5
min of cool-down and stretching) for 12 weeks.
oThe intervention was carried out 3 days with the regular training program and 2 days alone
per week.
oThe PT was given for the experimental group only before conducting their technical
tactical volleyball specific training (regular program) to ensure effective application of
drills and to minimize fatigue, soreness and injury.
14
15. cont...
Methods of data analysis
odescriptive statistics, (mean and standard deviation) were made.
oPaired and independent sample t-test was employed
oCohen’s d effect size was measured.
oTo analyze obtained data., SPSS (statistical package for social science) version 20 was
used
15
16. Results and Discussion
Table 4.1 Demographic Characteristics Of Participants
16
Group N Sex
Age Height(cm) Weight(kg) BMI EXP
Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
EG 15 Female 15.53 ± .51 158.26 ±3.9 47.53 ± 4.51 19.02 ± 1.06 3.55 ± .34
CG 15 Female 15.46 ± .51 157.8 ±2.85 46 ± 2.2 18.47 ± .92 3.66 ± .22
SD = Standard Deviation; N=Number of Participants; EXP= playing
experience=Experimental Group; CG=control Group
17. Pretest-Posttest Mean Score of Experimental and Control
Groups on Power, Agility and Muscular endurance
Paired Samples Test
Group variable Paired Differences
t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean Std.
Deviati
on
Std.
Error
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
EG
power pre - post -4.83 .94 .24 -5.35 -4.31 -19.94 14 .000
Agility pre - post 2.36 .51 .13 2.08 2.65 17.75 14 .000
M.END pre - post -5.80 .77 .20 -6.22 -5.37 -29.00 14 .000
CG
power pre - post .12 .41 .10 -.11 .35 1.11 14 .283
Agility pre - post .04 .28 .07 -.11 .19 .539 14 .598
M.END pre - post -.13 .64 .16 -.48 .22 -.807 14 .433
17
18. Pretest-Posttest Mean Score of Experimental and Control
Groups on Anterior and Posterolateral Direction of Balance
Paired sample t-test result
18
Paired Samples Test
Group Variables Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean Std.
Devi
ation
Std. Error
Mean
95%
Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
EG
LLA pre - post -5.6 1.05 .27 -6.18 -5.01 -20.54 14 .000
RLA pre - post -6.0 1.46 .37 -6.81 -5.18 -15.87 14 .000
LLPL pre - post -1.93 1.22 .31 -2.61 -1.25 -6.12 14 .000
RLPL pre - post -3.0 .75 .19 -3.41 -2.58 -15.37 14 .000
CG
LLA pre -post -.23 .70 .18 -.62 .15 -1.28 14 .220
RLA pre - post -.18 .51 .13 -.47 .10 -1.39 14 .186
LLPL pre - post -.20 .67 .17 -.57 .17 -1.146 14 .271
RLPL pre - post -.10 .71 .18 -.49 .29 -.544 14 .595
19. Pretest-Posttest Mean Score of Experimental and Control
Groups on Posteromedial Direction of Balance
Paired Samples Test
Group Paired Differences
t df
Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std.
Error
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
EG
LLPM pre -posttest -4.40 1.29 .33 -5.11 -3.68 -13.12 14 .000*
RLPM pre -posttest -2.80 .77 .20 -3.22 -2.37 -14.00 14 .000*
CG
LLPM pre -posttest -.26 .88 .22 -.75 .22 -1.16 14 .262
RLPM pre -posttest -.16 1.19 .30 -.82 .49 -.54 14 .596
19
20. EFFECT SIZE OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON SELECTED
PHYSICAL FITNESS COMPONENTS
20
Selected variables Mean Difference
(MD)
Pooled standard
Deviation (SD pooled)
Effect Size (Cohen’s d)
MD/SD pooled
Vertical jump test (power) 2.91667 2.618 0.90
T-test Of Agility (Agility 1.20333 1.25244 0.961
30 Second Jump Test
(Muscular Endurance)
2.9667 2.96512 1.00
Star Excursion Test
Balance (Anterior)
LLA 2.91 2.86803 1.017
RLA 3.09 3.14719 0.983
Star Excursion Test
Balance (Posterolateral)
LLPL 1.067 1.3113 0.814
RLPL 1.55 1.6418 0.944
Star Excursion Test
Balance(posteromedial)
LLPM 2.3333 2.368 0.985
RLPM 1.483 1.6634 0.891
21. Independent Sample Test Result Of Power, Agility and
Muscular Endurance In Experimental And Control Groups
Independent T-test Results
21
Independent Samples Test
Variables
Levene's Test
for Equality
of Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df
Sig. (2-
tailed) Mean
Difference
Std.
Error
D/ce
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
Power posttest 2.89 .10 15.76 28 .000* 5.25 .33 4.57 5.93
Agility posttest 8.52 .007 -13.93 28 .000* -2.42 .17 -2.78 -2.06
Muscular
Endurance posttest .04 .83 11.03 28 .000* 5.93 .53 4.83 7.03
22. INDEPENDENT SAMPLE T-TEST RESULT OF BALANCE FITNESS
VARIABLES IN EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL GROUPS
Independent Samples Test
Variable
(Balance)
Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. T Df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
LLA 0.12 0.732 5.98 28 0.000* 5.1 0.85 3.35 6.85
RLA 0.14 0.706 7.67 28 0.000* 6.01 0.78 4.41 7.62
LLPL 0.24 0.624 2.07 28 0.048* 1.2 0.58 0.02 2.39
RLPL 0.16 0.693 4.28 28 0.000* 2.83 0.66 1.48 4.19
LLPM 0.18 0.672 4.24 28 0.000* 3.93 0.93 2.03 5.83
RLPM 0.36 0.551 4.52 28 0.000* 2.9 0.64 1.58 4.21
22
23. Discussion
Selected Physical
Fitness Variables
Finding of this study Finding of this study in line with
Paired t-test Independent sample t-
test
Effect
size
Power EG MD-4.83±0.94
P=.000 (p <0.05)
CG MD 0.12±0.42
P=0.283 (p>0.05)
MD= 5.25cm, t=
15.761 and p=0. 000
0.90 o Aykora and donmez (2017), MD=
(1.66 ± 0.88 cm) , aged 16-17 (p<0.05).
o Lehnert et al., (2009), 16.9% Improved
aged U-17 (p<0.05).
o Bayraktar and Cilli (2017) 14 wk MD
6.92 ± 6.25 cm (p<0.05).
Agility EG MD= 2.37±0.52
sec P=.000 (p<0.05)
CG MD= 0.04±0.29
P=0.6 (p>0.05)
MD= -2.43, t= -13.93
and p=0. 000
0.961 o Michailidis (2015) EG p<0.05 CG did
not change.
o Thomas et al. (2009) EG increased
agility,
o (Miller et al., 2006) 6-week plyometric
training improved agility
Muscular
Endurance
EG MD= -5.8±0.77
P=.000 (p <0.05)
CG MD= -0.13±0.64
P=0.43 (>0.05)
MD= 5.93, t= 11.04
and p=0. 000
1.00 o Kumar, 2020, concluded that the PG
showed significant improvement in the
muscular endurance of volleyball
players. Tesfaye, 2020, EG shows
improvement after 8 week PT 23
24. Cont...
Selected Physical
Fitness Variables
Finding of this study Finding of this study in line with
Paired t-test Independent sample t-
test
Effect
size
Anterior (CM) EG: LLA, MD= 5.6 (P
<0.05).RLA, -6
CG: LLA, MD= -0.23
(p>0.05) RLA -0.18
(p>0.05)
LLA,MD= 5.1, t=
5.98 and p=<0.05
RLA,MD=6.01,t=7.67
and p=<0.05
LLA=
1.017
RLA=0.
983
o Turgut et al. (2017), 12wk LLA,MD=
(11.7%), aged 11.1 (p < 0.001).
RLA, MD= (10.4%) (p < 0.001).But there
were no difference in control group.
Harput, 2016 6 wk. PT improved balance
Posterolateral
(CM)
EG:LLPL,MD= -
1.93(P <0.05).RLPL, -
3.0 CG: LLPL, MD= -
.20 (p>0.05) RLPL -
.100 (p>0.05)
LLPL,MD= 1.2cm, t=
2.073 and p=.048
RLPL, MD=2.83cm, t=
4.28 p=0. 000
LLPL=0
.814
RLPL=0
.944
o Turgut et al. (2017), 12wk LLPL,MD=
(10.1%), aged 11.1 (p < 0.001).
RLPL, MD= (10.2%), (p < 0.001). But
there were no difference in control group.
Harput, 2016 6 wk. PT improved balance
Posteromedial(CM) EG: LLPM, MD -4.4
(P<0.05).RLPM, -2.8
CG: LLPM, MD= --
0.27 (p>0.05) RLPM -
-0.17
LLPM, MD= 3.93cm,
t= 4.241and 0.000
RLPM, MD=2.9cm, t=
4.519 p=0.000
LLPM=
0.985
RLPM=
0.891
o Turgut et al. (2017), 12wk,LLPM, MD=
(11.1%), aged 11.1 (p < 0.001).
RLPM, MD= (8.2%) (p < 0.001). But there
were no difference in control group.
Harput, 2016 6 wk. PT improved balance
24
25. Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher has investigated the following conclusions.
oThe Experimental group had shown significant improvements in all selected physical
fitness components variables (power, agility, muscular endurance and balance) after the
intervention of 12 weeks plyometrics training. In contrary, control group had not shown
any significant changes on selected physical fitness components variables.
oFinally, we conclude that 12 weeks intervention of plyometric training had statistically
significant difference on power, agility, muscular endurance and balance of U -17 female
volleyball project trainees in debark town north Gondar zone Amhara region Ethiopia.
25
26. Recommendations
Based on the results and discussions and conclusion of the study, the following
recommendations are made:
o For coaches:- should consider well planned and organized plyometric training program in their yearly plan .
A coach should conduct standardized pretest and posttest of physical fitness components of trainees to
determine the effects of training on their performance.
o For Volleyball Project Trainees:- should actively participate 5 days per week for 90 minutes in a well-
structured and designed plyometric training to improve their performance.
o For sport commission:- provide consistent follow-up and support the project and evaluate trainee’s.
Record players profiles in a well-organized and testable manner. Give attention to educated and licensed
volleyball project coach. support the project by equipment and finance
prepare zonal volleyball project clubs’ competitions annually and encourage them accordingly.
For other researchers :- Additional study is important to investigate the effects of plyometric training on
physical fitness components by including the rest of physical fitness traits and by increasing sample size and
also in both sexes. 26
27. Limitation of the Study
Throughout the conducting of this study, the following limitations were occurred.
oSource Of Materials:- lack of abundant literature
o Study Area: - The study was addressed only one woreda
o participants: - Only U-17 female project trainees were participated in the study.
o Sample Size:- Small sample size 30 female trainees were used
Furthermore, the lack of standardized data collection instruments this fluctuated the finding
of the study. Other limitations of the study were living conditions, family status and personal
habits and maturation of subjects and lack of gymnasium with equipment to give the training
was a factor. However, the researcher was attempted to use all his potential and other
encouraging mechanisms to control extraneous variables (see chapter three). 27
28. References
For the current study APA style has been used. For instance,
oAsadi, A. (2012). Effects of six weeks depth jump and countermovement jump training on
agility performance. Sports Science Journal, 5(1), 67-70.
oAsadi, A. (2016). Plyometric type neuromuscular exercise is a treatment to postural
control deficits of volleyball players: A case study. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del
Deporte, 9(2), 75-79.
o.
o.
o.
o.
o.
oZiv, G., & Lidor, R. (2010). Vertical jump in female and male volleyball players: a review
of observational and experimental studies. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in
sports, 20(4), 556-567 28