Progressive muscle weakness for 2 years. Giant cerebral aneurysms are greater than 25mm. Patients can present with mass effect or subarachnoid hemorrhage. On MRI, patent aneurysms appear as flow void or heterogeneous signal. Thrombosed aneurysms depend on clot age. Sturge-Weber syndrome is characterized by facial port wine stains and pial angiomas. CT detects subcortical calcification earlier than plain film. MRI shows signal changes and anatomical volume loss with age. État criblé describes diffusely widened perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia. External auditory canal atresia involves complete or incomplete bony atresia of the external auditory canal.
This document contains descriptions of various medical imaging findings and cases. Some key points summarized:
- Spot 1 describes shiny corner signs seen in ankylosing spondylitis on x-ray. Spot 2 shows bone changes in the hands seen in sarcoidosis. Spot 3 shows periosteal bone formation associated with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy.
- Several spots name common imaging signs and their associated diagnoses, such as the corkscrew sign seen in midgut volvulus in Spot 10.
- Case 2 describes a immunocompromised patient with altered mental status, showing findings of toxoplasmosis. Case 6 shows imaging and diagnosis of Moyamoya disease in a
1. The document describes various gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal conditions seen on imaging. It includes descriptions of total colonic aganglionosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, pectus excavatum, Reiter's syndrome, median arcuate ligament syndrome, and Haglund syndrome among others.
2. The conditions are described and key radiographic findings are highlighted, such as the displacement and tapering of ureters seen in retroperitoneal fibrosis. Common presentations, classifications, and distinguishing radiologic features are summarized for each condition.
3. Different imaging modalities are discussed, with CT and MRI findings provided where relevant to demonstrate characteristics of the various diseases and injuries.
Radiology Spotters mixed Bag Collection for post graduates student .PPTDr pradeep Kumar
Radiology Spotters collection by Dr Pradeep. nice collection of radiology spotter made by or collected by Dr. Pradeep, this is a collection of confusing spotter and very important spotter commonly asked in exams, our references is radiopaedia, learning radiology and Aunt Minnie.. Thanks.
The document discusses various soft tissue pathologies that can be identified on MRI imaging. It includes 25 figures showing examples of soft tissue masses, infections, hematomas, tendon injuries and other conditions. Captions provide details on the pathology shown and MRI features that aid diagnosis, such as signal characteristics and enhancement patterns. The figures demonstrate how MRI can differentiate between benign and malignant soft tissue lesions.
This document contains 42 figures showing x-ray images of various bone diseases and abnormalities. The images depict conditions such as rickets, osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, acromegaly, and other metabolic bone diseases. Each figure includes a short description of the key radiographic findings shown.
Imaging findings of metabolic bone diseases Pankaj Kaira
This document discusses various metabolic bone diseases including osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia, and others. It provides details on:
- The definition and causes of osteoporosis as well as how it leads to loss of horizontal trabecular bone.
- The differences between rickets, which affects growth plates, and osteomalacia, which affects mineralization of bone. Causes include vitamin D deficiency and other disorders.
- Features of various other metabolic bone diseases like hypophosphatasia, hyperparathyroidism, and their effects on bone structure and mineralization.
This document provides an overview of MRI techniques for imaging the elbow joint and describes various normal and pathological findings. Key points include:
1. MRI is useful for evaluating bone marrow edema, ligament and tendon injuries, cartilage defects, bursitis, and nerve entrapment around the elbow joint.
2. Common elbow injuries discussed include ulnar collateral ligament tears, lateral epicondylitis, osteochondritis dissecans, and triceps tendon avulsions.
3. Elbow arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and loose bodies can also be identified on MRI.
Progressive muscle weakness for 2 years. Giant cerebral aneurysms are greater than 25mm. Patients can present with mass effect or subarachnoid hemorrhage. On MRI, patent aneurysms appear as flow void or heterogeneous signal. Thrombosed aneurysms depend on clot age. Sturge-Weber syndrome is characterized by facial port wine stains and pial angiomas. CT detects subcortical calcification earlier than plain film. MRI shows signal changes and anatomical volume loss with age. État criblé describes diffusely widened perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia. External auditory canal atresia involves complete or incomplete bony atresia of the external auditory canal.
This document contains descriptions of various medical imaging findings and cases. Some key points summarized:
- Spot 1 describes shiny corner signs seen in ankylosing spondylitis on x-ray. Spot 2 shows bone changes in the hands seen in sarcoidosis. Spot 3 shows periosteal bone formation associated with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy.
- Several spots name common imaging signs and their associated diagnoses, such as the corkscrew sign seen in midgut volvulus in Spot 10.
- Case 2 describes a immunocompromised patient with altered mental status, showing findings of toxoplasmosis. Case 6 shows imaging and diagnosis of Moyamoya disease in a
1. The document describes various gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal conditions seen on imaging. It includes descriptions of total colonic aganglionosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, pectus excavatum, Reiter's syndrome, median arcuate ligament syndrome, and Haglund syndrome among others.
2. The conditions are described and key radiographic findings are highlighted, such as the displacement and tapering of ureters seen in retroperitoneal fibrosis. Common presentations, classifications, and distinguishing radiologic features are summarized for each condition.
3. Different imaging modalities are discussed, with CT and MRI findings provided where relevant to demonstrate characteristics of the various diseases and injuries.
Radiology Spotters mixed Bag Collection for post graduates student .PPTDr pradeep Kumar
Radiology Spotters collection by Dr Pradeep. nice collection of radiology spotter made by or collected by Dr. Pradeep, this is a collection of confusing spotter and very important spotter commonly asked in exams, our references is radiopaedia, learning radiology and Aunt Minnie.. Thanks.
The document discusses various soft tissue pathologies that can be identified on MRI imaging. It includes 25 figures showing examples of soft tissue masses, infections, hematomas, tendon injuries and other conditions. Captions provide details on the pathology shown and MRI features that aid diagnosis, such as signal characteristics and enhancement patterns. The figures demonstrate how MRI can differentiate between benign and malignant soft tissue lesions.
This document contains 42 figures showing x-ray images of various bone diseases and abnormalities. The images depict conditions such as rickets, osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, acromegaly, and other metabolic bone diseases. Each figure includes a short description of the key radiographic findings shown.
Imaging findings of metabolic bone diseases Pankaj Kaira
This document discusses various metabolic bone diseases including osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia, and others. It provides details on:
- The definition and causes of osteoporosis as well as how it leads to loss of horizontal trabecular bone.
- The differences between rickets, which affects growth plates, and osteomalacia, which affects mineralization of bone. Causes include vitamin D deficiency and other disorders.
- Features of various other metabolic bone diseases like hypophosphatasia, hyperparathyroidism, and their effects on bone structure and mineralization.
This document provides an overview of MRI techniques for imaging the elbow joint and describes various normal and pathological findings. Key points include:
1. MRI is useful for evaluating bone marrow edema, ligament and tendon injuries, cartilage defects, bursitis, and nerve entrapment around the elbow joint.
2. Common elbow injuries discussed include ulnar collateral ligament tears, lateral epicondylitis, osteochondritis dissecans, and triceps tendon avulsions.
3. Elbow arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and loose bodies can also be identified on MRI.
This document contains 22 radiology case spots describing various pathologies. For each spot, the document provides a brief description of the imaging findings and diagnosis. The cases cover a wide range of topics including musculoskeletal, chest, neurologic, breast and vascular pathologies. Differential diagnoses are also provided for some cases to aid in arriving at the correct diagnosis.
Radiology Spotters collection by Dr Pradeep. Nice collection Radiology spotters mixed collection ppt made by or collected by Dr. Pradeep, this is a collection of confusing spotter and very important spotter commonly asked in exams, our references is radiopaedia, learning radiology and Aunt Minnie.. Thanks
A 30-year-old Paraguayan man presented with neurological symptoms and was found to have cerebral lesions consistent with Chagas disease, which can cause meningoencephalitis upon reactivation in immunocompromised individuals. An 8-year-old boy undergoing evaluation for fever and gastrointestinal issues was diagnosed with Whipple disease after cerebellar biopsy. A 62-year-old man with worsening neurological deficits after VP shunt placement for hydrocephalus showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and nodular pachymeningeal enhancement consistent with carcinomatous meningitis.
MRI anatomy of ankle radiology ppt pk is nice presentation that covers cross sectional anatomy as well as relevant anatomy from standard radiology book like CT MRI whole body by Hagga . cross section of mri is taken from mrimaster.com. This will help for radiology resident as well radiographers.
This document provides an overview of MRI techniques for evaluating the shoulder joint and common shoulder pathologies. It begins with normal shoulder anatomy as seen on MRI and descriptions of impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tears, labral tears, instability, biceps tendon injuries, and other conditions. For each pathology, the document describes MRI appearance and features that should be included in reports. In summary, the document is a guide for radiologists to understand MRI of the shoulder and identify and characterize various shoulder injuries and diseases.
This document contains descriptions and images related to the neuroradiology of the spine. It includes 54 figures showing normal and pathological anatomy of the spine as visualized on MRI, CT, myelography and angiography. The figures demonstrate a variety of spinal conditions including degenerative changes, tumors, infections, fractures and congenital anomalies.
This document provides a summary of MRI findings related to the ankle and foot. It describes MRI sequences and images of various ankle structures including tendons, ligaments, bones and bursae. Specific pathologies are discussed such as tendinopathies, ligament tears, tenosynovitis, plantar fasciitis, sinus tarsi syndrome and tarsal tunnel syndrome. Images demonstrate normal anatomy as well as examples of injuries and conditions affecting the ankle and foot.
This document outlines an MRI study protocol for evaluating the pelvic floor. It involves filling the rectum with ultrasound gel and obtaining static and dynamic sagittal T2 weighted images at rest, during sustained contraction, Valsalva maneuver, and defecation. This allows evaluation of pelvic floor morphology and function to identify issues like prolapse or intussusception. Fasting is not required but a laxative is given beforehand to empty the bowels.
This document contains captions and descriptions for various radiographic images of the chest and lungs. Over 100 figures are presented and labeled, showing normal and abnormal anatomy as well as various pathologies visualized on chest x-rays, CT scans, PET scans and other imaging modalities. The images depict structures like the bronchi, lungs, pleura, diaphragm, as well as conditions such as pneumonia, tumors, emphysema and more.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of spinal dysraphism.Abdellah Nazeer
This document discusses radiological imaging in spinal dysraphism. It describes how various imaging modalities such as radiography, ultrasound, CT, and MRI can be used to identify and characterize different types of spinal dysraphism including open dysraphism, closed dysraphism, lipomyelomeningocele, diastematomyelia, dermal sinus, and tethered cord. Examples of imaging findings for each condition are provided with representative images to illustrate the pathology.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of skeletal dysplasiaAbdellah Nazeer
This document provides radiological images and descriptions of several skeletal dysplasias. It discusses conditions such as cleidocranial dysplasia, which can cause respiratory distress in newborns. Other conditions summarized include osteopoikilosis, mucopolysaccharidoses, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, metaphyseal dysplasia, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, chondroectodermal dysplasia, achondroplasia, fibrous dysplasia, and dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica. For each condition, the document highlights features visible in imaging and clinical symptoms.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological anatomy of the thigh and leg.Abdellah Nazeer
This document describes the radiological anatomy of the thigh and leg through various imaging modalities like plain radiography, CT, and MRI. It details the compartmental anatomy of the thigh and leg muscles, with the thigh composed of anterior, posterior, and medial compartments and the leg composed of anterior, superficial posterior, deep posterior and lateral compartments. Multiple axial images are provided to illustrate the individual muscles and neurovascular structures within each compartment.
This document provides an overview of MRI indications and findings for wrist pathology. It lists common indications for MRI such as wrist instability, pain, trauma, necrosis, and limited range of motion. It then reviews MRI sequences, wrist anatomy, and various wrist conditions that may be seen on MRI such as fractures, ligament tears, instability patterns, tenosynovitis, ganglion cysts, tumors and other soft tissue lesions.
The document summarizes the radiological anatomy of the knee joint. It describes the various ligaments, tendons, bones and cartilage that make up the knee, including the medial and lateral menisci, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, patellar tendon, and surrounding muscles. It provides imaging protocols for MRI of the knee, covering positioning, slice thickness, pulse sequences and imaging planes used to visualize the different knee structures. Common anatomical variations and pitfalls in interpretation are also discussed.
Squeezed through holes: imaging of internal herniaAhmed Bahnassy
This document discusses internal hernias, which occur when abdominal organs protrude through openings within the abdominal cavity. It describes several types of internal hernias, including paraduodenal, foramen of Winslow, intersigmoid, pericecal, transmesenteric, and retroanastomotic hernias. For each type, it provides details on location, risk factors, and radiographic findings such as clustering of bowel loops and abnormalities of mesenteric vessels. The document emphasizes the importance of recognizing abnormal bowel positioning and configurations, signs of obstruction, and vessel abnormalities on imaging studies to diagnose internal hernias.
1. The patient underwent chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer and placement of a port-a-cath. Imaging showed two breaks in the catheter and "pinch off" of the catheter at the insertion site, consistent with pinch-off syndrome.
2. Chest x-ray showed the left diaphragm higher than the right with increased distance from the stomach, suggestive of a subpulmonic pleural effusion.
3. CT showed a unilateral grade II germinal matrix hemorrhage.
This document discusses the gloved finger sign and cervicothoracic sign in radiology. It begins by defining the gloved finger sign as branching finger-like opacities seen on imaging that represent dilated bronchi filled with mucus radiating from the hila. This sign is commonly seen in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. It then defines the cervicothoracic sign, where a mediastinal mass that projects above the clavicles is retrotracheal and posterior, while one that fades at the clavicles is anterior. Determining the location of mediastinal masses using this sign is discussed through examples.
74-Dr Ahmed Esawy imaging oral board MRI ankle & foot part IAHMED ESAWY
The document discusses the history and importance of chocolate in human civilization. It notes that chocolate originated in Mesoamerica over 3000 years ago and was prized by the Aztecs and Mayans for its taste. Cocoa beans were used as currency and their cultivation was tightly regulated. The document highlights how chocolate spread around the world following the age of exploration and is now one of the most popular flavors worldwide.
The ankle joint is formed by the tibia, fibula, and talus. It is supported by the lateral and medial collateral ligaments. The distal tibiofibular joint is a fibrous joint supported by syndesmotic ligaments. MRI is useful for evaluating the tendons, ligaments, bones, and cartilage of the ankle. It can detect injuries, infections, tendonitis, and other pathologies. While MRI can depict the soft tissues of the ankle well, it may be difficult to precisely identify individual ligament bands. However, MRI provides excellent sensitivity to detect partial tears, fluid, and bone marrow edema that can indicate ankle pathology.
This document contains descriptions and images related to skeletal metastases and bone tumors. It includes 39 figures showing examples of metastatic bone lesions from various primary cancers like breast cancer and bronchial carcinoma. It also shows images of benign bone tumors like osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma as well as malignant bone tumors including osteosarcoma. For each image there is a caption providing details about the clinical presentation, imaging findings and characteristics of the bone lesion.
This document contains 40 figures showing various bone and soft tissue abnormalities. The figures demonstrate a variety of pathological conditions through radiographs, CT, MRI, bone scans and other imaging modalities. Examples include fibrous cortical defects, non-ossifying fibromas, desmoplastic fibromas, fibrosarcomas, giant cell tumors, aneurysmal bone cysts, haemangiomas, neurofibromas and other conditions. Each figure is labeled and captioned to identify the specific anatomical location and imaging findings of the abnormality shown.
This document contains 22 radiology case spots describing various pathologies. For each spot, the document provides a brief description of the imaging findings and diagnosis. The cases cover a wide range of topics including musculoskeletal, chest, neurologic, breast and vascular pathologies. Differential diagnoses are also provided for some cases to aid in arriving at the correct diagnosis.
Radiology Spotters collection by Dr Pradeep. Nice collection Radiology spotters mixed collection ppt made by or collected by Dr. Pradeep, this is a collection of confusing spotter and very important spotter commonly asked in exams, our references is radiopaedia, learning radiology and Aunt Minnie.. Thanks
A 30-year-old Paraguayan man presented with neurological symptoms and was found to have cerebral lesions consistent with Chagas disease, which can cause meningoencephalitis upon reactivation in immunocompromised individuals. An 8-year-old boy undergoing evaluation for fever and gastrointestinal issues was diagnosed with Whipple disease after cerebellar biopsy. A 62-year-old man with worsening neurological deficits after VP shunt placement for hydrocephalus showed diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and nodular pachymeningeal enhancement consistent with carcinomatous meningitis.
MRI anatomy of ankle radiology ppt pk is nice presentation that covers cross sectional anatomy as well as relevant anatomy from standard radiology book like CT MRI whole body by Hagga . cross section of mri is taken from mrimaster.com. This will help for radiology resident as well radiographers.
This document provides an overview of MRI techniques for evaluating the shoulder joint and common shoulder pathologies. It begins with normal shoulder anatomy as seen on MRI and descriptions of impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tears, labral tears, instability, biceps tendon injuries, and other conditions. For each pathology, the document describes MRI appearance and features that should be included in reports. In summary, the document is a guide for radiologists to understand MRI of the shoulder and identify and characterize various shoulder injuries and diseases.
This document contains descriptions and images related to the neuroradiology of the spine. It includes 54 figures showing normal and pathological anatomy of the spine as visualized on MRI, CT, myelography and angiography. The figures demonstrate a variety of spinal conditions including degenerative changes, tumors, infections, fractures and congenital anomalies.
This document provides a summary of MRI findings related to the ankle and foot. It describes MRI sequences and images of various ankle structures including tendons, ligaments, bones and bursae. Specific pathologies are discussed such as tendinopathies, ligament tears, tenosynovitis, plantar fasciitis, sinus tarsi syndrome and tarsal tunnel syndrome. Images demonstrate normal anatomy as well as examples of injuries and conditions affecting the ankle and foot.
This document outlines an MRI study protocol for evaluating the pelvic floor. It involves filling the rectum with ultrasound gel and obtaining static and dynamic sagittal T2 weighted images at rest, during sustained contraction, Valsalva maneuver, and defecation. This allows evaluation of pelvic floor morphology and function to identify issues like prolapse or intussusception. Fasting is not required but a laxative is given beforehand to empty the bowels.
This document contains captions and descriptions for various radiographic images of the chest and lungs. Over 100 figures are presented and labeled, showing normal and abnormal anatomy as well as various pathologies visualized on chest x-rays, CT scans, PET scans and other imaging modalities. The images depict structures like the bronchi, lungs, pleura, diaphragm, as well as conditions such as pneumonia, tumors, emphysema and more.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of spinal dysraphism.Abdellah Nazeer
This document discusses radiological imaging in spinal dysraphism. It describes how various imaging modalities such as radiography, ultrasound, CT, and MRI can be used to identify and characterize different types of spinal dysraphism including open dysraphism, closed dysraphism, lipomyelomeningocele, diastematomyelia, dermal sinus, and tethered cord. Examples of imaging findings for each condition are provided with representative images to illustrate the pathology.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of skeletal dysplasiaAbdellah Nazeer
This document provides radiological images and descriptions of several skeletal dysplasias. It discusses conditions such as cleidocranial dysplasia, which can cause respiratory distress in newborns. Other conditions summarized include osteopoikilosis, mucopolysaccharidoses, multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, metaphyseal dysplasia, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, chondroectodermal dysplasia, achondroplasia, fibrous dysplasia, and dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica. For each condition, the document highlights features visible in imaging and clinical symptoms.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological anatomy of the thigh and leg.Abdellah Nazeer
This document describes the radiological anatomy of the thigh and leg through various imaging modalities like plain radiography, CT, and MRI. It details the compartmental anatomy of the thigh and leg muscles, with the thigh composed of anterior, posterior, and medial compartments and the leg composed of anterior, superficial posterior, deep posterior and lateral compartments. Multiple axial images are provided to illustrate the individual muscles and neurovascular structures within each compartment.
This document provides an overview of MRI indications and findings for wrist pathology. It lists common indications for MRI such as wrist instability, pain, trauma, necrosis, and limited range of motion. It then reviews MRI sequences, wrist anatomy, and various wrist conditions that may be seen on MRI such as fractures, ligament tears, instability patterns, tenosynovitis, ganglion cysts, tumors and other soft tissue lesions.
The document summarizes the radiological anatomy of the knee joint. It describes the various ligaments, tendons, bones and cartilage that make up the knee, including the medial and lateral menisci, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, patellar tendon, and surrounding muscles. It provides imaging protocols for MRI of the knee, covering positioning, slice thickness, pulse sequences and imaging planes used to visualize the different knee structures. Common anatomical variations and pitfalls in interpretation are also discussed.
Squeezed through holes: imaging of internal herniaAhmed Bahnassy
This document discusses internal hernias, which occur when abdominal organs protrude through openings within the abdominal cavity. It describes several types of internal hernias, including paraduodenal, foramen of Winslow, intersigmoid, pericecal, transmesenteric, and retroanastomotic hernias. For each type, it provides details on location, risk factors, and radiographic findings such as clustering of bowel loops and abnormalities of mesenteric vessels. The document emphasizes the importance of recognizing abnormal bowel positioning and configurations, signs of obstruction, and vessel abnormalities on imaging studies to diagnose internal hernias.
1. The patient underwent chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer and placement of a port-a-cath. Imaging showed two breaks in the catheter and "pinch off" of the catheter at the insertion site, consistent with pinch-off syndrome.
2. Chest x-ray showed the left diaphragm higher than the right with increased distance from the stomach, suggestive of a subpulmonic pleural effusion.
3. CT showed a unilateral grade II germinal matrix hemorrhage.
This document discusses the gloved finger sign and cervicothoracic sign in radiology. It begins by defining the gloved finger sign as branching finger-like opacities seen on imaging that represent dilated bronchi filled with mucus radiating from the hila. This sign is commonly seen in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. It then defines the cervicothoracic sign, where a mediastinal mass that projects above the clavicles is retrotracheal and posterior, while one that fades at the clavicles is anterior. Determining the location of mediastinal masses using this sign is discussed through examples.
74-Dr Ahmed Esawy imaging oral board MRI ankle & foot part IAHMED ESAWY
The document discusses the history and importance of chocolate in human civilization. It notes that chocolate originated in Mesoamerica over 3000 years ago and was prized by the Aztecs and Mayans for its taste. Cocoa beans were used as currency and their cultivation was tightly regulated. The document highlights how chocolate spread around the world following the age of exploration and is now one of the most popular flavors worldwide.
The ankle joint is formed by the tibia, fibula, and talus. It is supported by the lateral and medial collateral ligaments. The distal tibiofibular joint is a fibrous joint supported by syndesmotic ligaments. MRI is useful for evaluating the tendons, ligaments, bones, and cartilage of the ankle. It can detect injuries, infections, tendonitis, and other pathologies. While MRI can depict the soft tissues of the ankle well, it may be difficult to precisely identify individual ligament bands. However, MRI provides excellent sensitivity to detect partial tears, fluid, and bone marrow edema that can indicate ankle pathology.
This document contains descriptions and images related to skeletal metastases and bone tumors. It includes 39 figures showing examples of metastatic bone lesions from various primary cancers like breast cancer and bronchial carcinoma. It also shows images of benign bone tumors like osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma as well as malignant bone tumors including osteosarcoma. For each image there is a caption providing details about the clinical presentation, imaging findings and characteristics of the bone lesion.
This document contains 40 figures showing various bone and soft tissue abnormalities. The figures demonstrate a variety of pathological conditions through radiographs, CT, MRI, bone scans and other imaging modalities. Examples include fibrous cortical defects, non-ossifying fibromas, desmoplastic fibromas, fibrosarcomas, giant cell tumors, aneurysmal bone cysts, haemangiomas, neurofibromas and other conditions. Each figure is labeled and captioned to identify the specific anatomical location and imaging findings of the abnormality shown.
This document contains descriptions and images related to various bone diseases and conditions. It includes 37 figures showing examples of avascular necrosis, Perthes' disease, osteochondritis, sickle cell disease, Paget's disease, tuberous sclerosis, and more. Each figure is labeled and captioned to explain the imaging findings and abnormalities depicted.
This document discusses aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), beginning with its definition as a benign, expansile bone lesion containing blood-filled cystic cavities. It describes ABC's unknown etiology, most common locations in long bones of younger patients, and presentations of pain, swelling or fracture. Imaging findings include expansile lytic lesions on x-ray, and fluid-fluid levels on MRI. Treatment involves preoperative embolization and curettage with bone grafting. ABC's differential diagnosis and potential for recurrence after treatment are also summarized.
Radiolucent metaphyseal bands can be seen in several conditions:
1) Congenital syphilis presents with transverse bands of increased density across the metaphyses and patchy bone destruction in the diaphyses.
2) Rubella shows alternating lucent and sclerotic longitudinal striations perpendicular to the epiphyseal plate.
3) Leukemia displays radiolucent metaphyseal bands in addition to frank bone destruction and cortical erosion of many bones.
Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease (CPPD), also known as pseudogout, is defined by arthritis with evidence of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition in cartilage and surrounding tissues. CPPD crystals appear as weakly birefringent rhomboid or rod shapes under polarized microscopy. CPPD typically presents in older adults and can manifest as asymptomatic deposition, acute self-limiting arthritis flares, or chronic inflammatory arthritis. Radiography may reveal chondrocalcinosis, osteoarthritis-like changes in unusual joints, and cysts. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications, medications like NSAIDs to manage symptoms, and arthrocentesis for severe flares.
This document contains 38 figures showing various radiographic images of rheumatoid arthritis. The images depict areas affected by rheumatoid arthritis such as hands, feet, elbows, shoulders and cervical spine. Specific findings shown include joint space narrowing, erosions, subluxation, soft tissue swelling, cysts and bony changes. Ultrasound images also show synovial thickening, erosions, tendon damage and bursal changes associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Presentation1, radiological imaging of popliteal fossa masses.Abdellah Nazeer
This document discusses various masses that can occur in the popliteal fossa region as seen on radiological imaging. It describes pigmented villonodular synovitis, synovial chondromatosis, Baker's cysts, ganglions, lipomas, fibromatosis, fasciitis, epidermal inclusion cysts, heterotopic ossification, soft tissue sarcomas such as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and popliteal artery aneurysms. For each condition, it provides details on etiology, location, imaging appearance on modalities such as MRI, CT, ultrasound and X-ray. Example images are
The document discusses various presacral lesions that can be seen on imaging. It describes the anatomy of the presacral space and then covers conditions with osteochondral origin like giant cell tumor and Ewing sarcoma. Neurogenic conditions such as neurofibromas, schwannomas, and perineural cysts are also discussed. Other lesions mentioned include dural ectasia and anterior myelomeningoceles. For each condition, the document provides details on clinical features, imaging appearance on modalities like CT and MRI, and examples of imaging findings.
Benign bone tumors can be classified based on their location, rate of growth, perioseal reaction, and matrix mineralization. Common cartilage tumors include osteochondroma, enchondroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, and fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma. Osteochondroma is characterized by a cartilage-capped bony projection and most commonly affects the distal femur, proximal humerus, proximal tibia and proximal femur. Enchondroma forms mature hyaline cartilage and typically affects the small tubular bones of the hands and feet. Chondroblastoma presents before skeletal maturity with a sclerotic border and scattered calcifications. Treatment
This document discusses various pediatric musculoskeletal disorders and conditions that can affect the knee joint, as seen on imaging such as MRI and radiography. It covers developmental disorders like congenital absence of cruciate ligaments and discoid meniscus. It also discusses infectious diseases like osteomyelitis, inflammatory diseases such as pigmented villonodular synovitis, neoplastic conditions including benign tumors like osteochondroma and malignant tumors like osteosarcoma. A variety of imaging findings are presented for each condition.
This document provides guidance on how to read MRI scans by describing the key steps: check patient information and image details; examine the different MRI planes and sequences to analyze fat vs water content; look for abnormalities and determine their nature, location, size and shape; correlate MRI findings with prior imaging; and recognize signs of common musculoskeletal conditions like spinal stenosis, tumors, infections and arthritis. Example MRI images are included to illustrate moderate and severe spinal stenosis, different tumor types, and infections like spondylitis and septic arthritis.
This document summarizes various pathologies that can affect the eye and orbit. It discusses congenital anomalies, infections and inflammations, tumors, trauma, and miscellaneous conditions. For each condition, it provides a brief description and highlights relevant imaging findings on modalities such as CT, MRI, and plain films. Key features that help characterize many lesions include enhancement pattern, presence of calcification, and signal characteristics on different MRI sequences.
This document summarizes various pathologies that can affect the eye and orbit. It discusses congenital anomalies, infections and inflammations, tumors, trauma, and miscellaneous conditions. For each condition, it provides a brief description and highlights relevant imaging findings on modalities such as CT, MRI, and plain films. Key features that help characterize many lesions include enhancement patterns, involvement of surrounding structures, and presence of calcification.
1. Orbital cellulitis and abscesses can result from sinus infections spreading through the orbital septum. On imaging, preseptal cellulitis appears as soft tissue swelling while postseptal infections involve retrobulbar fat stranding and proptosis. Abscesses also form subperiosteal collections.
2. Lymphoma is the most common orbital tumor and often presents as an asymptomatic mass in the superolateral orbit. On CT it appears homogeneous and mildly enhancing while MRI shows restricted diffusion. Metastases can also occur from primary cancers.
3. Dermoids and teratomas are common in children and have fat attenuation on CT with bone changes. Lymphangiomas
- Acute osteomyelitis shows poorly defined osteolytic bone destruction on x-ray. Advanced cases show sequestra (devitalized bone) surrounded by involucrum (periosteal new bone).
- MRI is best for diagnosing osteomyelitis, showing bone marrow edema. CT is better for cortical bone details and detecting gas. Chronic osteomyelitis appears as increased bone density and periosteal new bone formation.
- Diabetic foot osteomyelitis on x-ray shows classic triad of osteolysis, periosteal reaction and bone destruction. MRIs demonstrate associated soft tissue changes, sinus tracts and abscesses.
This document discusses the radiographic findings of spinal tuberculosis. It notes that spinal tuberculosis most commonly involves the thoracic and lumbar spine, beginning in the anterior vertebral body. Plain radiographs may show focal erosion and destruction, while CT is superior for evaluating bony destruction. MRI is highly sensitive for detecting soft tissue and spinal involvement, and contrast-enhanced MRI can distinguish tuberculous lesions from other granulomatous diseases by thick rim enhancement of paraspinal and intraosseous abscesses. Differences from metastatic involvement include breached disc spaces and minimal periosteal reaction and sclerosis with tuberculosis.
The document contains 44 figures showing various types of fractures visible on CT scans, MRI, and x-rays. It shows fractures of the skull, face, spine, pelvis and long bones including: extradural hematomas, depressed skull fractures, facial fractures, spinal fractures such as compression fractures and Jefferson fractures, as well as pelvic fractures. The images provide examples of the appearance of different fractures seen on various imaging modalities.
Presentation1, radiological imaging of morel lavallee lesion.Abdellah Nazeer
Morel-Lavallée lesions are closed degloving injuries that result from shearing forces separating the skin and subcutaneous tissues from the underlying fascia during trauma. This creates a potential space that fills with blood, lymph, and fat. Morel-Lavallée lesions are most commonly seen near bony protuberances like the greater trochanter. MRI and ultrasound are useful for evaluating these lesions, which can vary in appearance from serous fluid collections to hematomas based on the acuity and inflammatory response. The Mellado-Bencardino classification system categorizes lesions based on their shape, signal characteristics, and enhancement pattern.
Similar to 41 DAVID SUTTON PICTURES DISORDERS OF LYMPHORETICULAR SYSTEM AND HEMATOPOITIC DISORDERS (20)
Dislocation of joint is very tricky. In this presentation radiological evaluation of Dislocation of various joints will be discussed.
This is one of the best pictoral review of important joint dislocations
Renal Color Doppler Ultrasound.
After studying this presentation one will be able to perform and interpret ultrasound.
This presntation in my opinion is best short analog to text.
Bone age assessment is performed to evaluate growth in pediatric patients and diagnose endocrine disorders. It relies on visual evaluation of hand and wrist skeletal development compared to standard references. Key applications include diagnosing growth disorders and predicting final adult height. Skeletal development is divided into stages from infancy to post-puberty based on characteristics like appearance of ossification centers and epiphyseal fusion. Bone age is assessed by comparing a patient's hand and wrist radiograph to standardized images for their age and sex.
Role of medical imaging in developemental dysplasia of Hip Dr muhammad Bin Zu...Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
In this presentation we will discuss the role of medical imaging---plain Radiography, Ultrasound,Arthrography, CT and MRI in the evaluation of Developemental dysplasia of hip. Our main focuss will be on Sonographic evaluation.
In this presentation we will discuss the basic of axial trauma from head to pelvis. We will discuss the important key points that aids in the diagnosis of axial trauma
This is a chapter from Grainger and Allison. I have Coolected all images from chapter 21 with caption in this presentation.
In my opinion it will be very benificial to have this in your android.
This presentation is the first series of the MR imaging of Knee.
In this presentation MRI anatomy has been discussed. As we all know good knowledge of medical imaging three dimensional anatomy is key for good reporting.
Hope we all get benifitted.
Suggestions are most welcome
This is a chapter from Grainger and Allison. I have Coolected all images from chapter 20 with caption in this presentation.
In my opinion it will be very benificial to have this in your android. ,
This presentation is almost a complete Pictoral view of Radiograph chest.
This presentation will help radiologist in daily reporting.
This presentation will help physicians, surgeons, anesthetist and almost all medical professionals in diagnosing commonly presenting cardiac diseases.
This will also help all in preparaing TOACS examination.
This is a chapter from Grainger and Allison. I have Coolected all images from chapter 19 with caption in this presentation.
In my opinion it will be very benificial to have this in your android. ,
This document provides an overview of common pediatric brain tumors located in the posterior fossa (infratentorial region). It discusses the most frequently used MRI sequences for evaluating these tumors and provides clinical and imaging features of the most common tumor types, including medulloblastoma, ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and brainstem glioma. Differential diagnoses are also reviewed. Key sequences discussed are T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, DWI, and post-contrast T1WI. Common features and imaging findings are highlighted for each tumor type in 1-3 sentences.
In this presentation we will discuss about the
Anatomy of Prostate
Technique of Transrectal US
Carcinoma Prostate and
Different modes of prostatic biopsy.
This document lists and briefly describes several eponymous fractures. Some of the fractures described include:
- Colles fracture - A distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment.
- Jones fracture - A fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal distal to the tuberosity.
- Segond fracture - A proximal tibial epiphysis fracture associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture.
- Barton's fracture - A fracture of the articular surface of the radius with dorsal or ventral displacement.
The document provides brief 1-2 sentence descriptions of over 30 different eponymous fractures. It includes diagrams to illustrate some of the fracture patterns.
In this presentation all images of Chapter 18 from Grainger and Allison have been discussed.
Our aim is to discuss authentic material .
This is only for educational purposes.
In this chapter air space infilteration have been discussed. Ground glass haze and consolidation are discussed in detail.
This presentation is a selection of images from 17th chapter of grainger and allison.
Our aim is to provide standard and proved cases of the disease process.
This all is for educational purpose
This document provides an overview of basic brain CT, including its principles, anatomy, common pathologies, and interpretation. It discusses how CT uses X-rays to reconstruct cross-sectional images and analyze tissue density. Key points covered include the appearance of skull fractures, hemorrhages, infarcts, tumors, infections and other intracranial abnormalities. Understanding normal anatomy is emphasized to aid in detecting abnormalities.
16 High Resolution Computed Tomography of Interstitial and Occupational Lung ...Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This presentation is collection of images from chapter 16 of Grainger and Allison.
Inthis we will discuss the ILD.
This is only for educational purposes.
This Presentation is a collection of chapter 5 images from Grainger and Allison.
Our aim is to study authentic data.
This is only for educational purposes
In this presentation we will discuss role of high resolution in characterizing normal variant and pathologies of spinal pathologies.
This is a pictoral review.
This presentation provides sufficient material for anyone who wants is interested in interventional radiology. Here we will discuss the available facilities, mechanisms and equipments.
In my opinion this presentation will prove a footstep in interventional radiology
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
3. • Fig. 41.1 Thalassaemia.(A) Lobulated soft-tissue masses
due to extramedullary haematopoiesis are present
adjacent to the thoracic spine. (B) In another patient,
paravertebral extramedullary haematopoietic tissue is
shown in the lower sections of a CT examination of the
thorax.
4. • Fig. 41.2 Thalassaemia
(boy aged 7). Gross
marrow hyperplasia
has expanded and
thinned overlying
cortical bone.
Medullary trabeculae
have been destroyed
and the residual ones
are coarsened. Inset-
early changes of the
same type in a finger
of a child aged 4.
5. • Fig. 41.3
Thalassaemia (boy
aged 15). A chest
film shows gross
expansion of bone
structures due to
marrow
hyperplasia. Note
particularly
involvement of the
ribs and scapulae.
6. • Fig. 41.4 Thalassaemia.
Considerable bone
expansion, cortical thinning
and simplification of
trabecular pattern are
demonstrated in the
forearm of a boy of 15.
7. Fig. 41.5 Thalassaemia.
Considerable marrow expansion
has produced a flask shape of the
distal femur. The coarsened
trabecular pattern and cortical
thinning are obvious
8. • Fig. 41.6 Thalassaemia. Thickening of the
outer table of the skull in the frontal area
with perpendicular striation-'hairbrush sign'.
9. • Fig. 41.7 Sickle cell
disease. Infarction in
the proximal femoral
metaphysis has
produced a large
defect with avascular
necrosis of the
femoral head. These
features are similar to
those of Perthe's
disease.
10. • Fig. 41.8 Sickle cell
disease. Endosteal bone
deposition has resulted
in diffuse sclerosis
beneath the articular
surface (the 'snow-cap'
sign) due to medullary
infarction. Note the lack
of distinction between
cortical and medullary
bone in the upper
humeral shaft, again due
to endosteal deposition
of bone.
11. • Fig. 41.9 Sickle cell disease. A bone scan performed 16 hours after
the onset of severe pain in a boy with known sickle cell disease.
Acute infarction of L2 has resulted in a relative photon deficiency in
this area. Previous infarctions, in varying phases of evolution, are
shown as areas of increased activity (see particularly L1 and
midthoracic vertebrae).
12. • Fig. 41.10 Sickle cell
disease. Soft-tissue
swelling surrounds an
expanded proximal
phalanx. Medullary
expansion is present
with simplification of
trabecular pattern and
penetration of the
cortex. The distinction
between these
changes and
osteomyelitis is
extremely difficult.
13. • Fig. 41.11 Sickle cell disease, infarction in childhood. (A) At
presentation, periosteal new bone formation surrounds the
diaphysis of the fourth finger metacarpal. (B) Ten months later
resolution has occurred and growth has proceeded normally. The
distinction between infarction and infection may be very difficult. In
this case no specific treatment was given.
14. • Fig. 41.12 Sickle cell
disease. Flat
depressions within the
vertebral bodies with
sloping sides typify
metaphyseal infarct
('the vertebral step
sign' or H-shaped
vertebra). Frank
destruction of the
vertebral body with
narrowing of the
contiguous disc spaces
is due to associated
salmonella
osteomyelitis.
15. • Fig. 41.13 Sickle cell
disease with salmonella
osteomyelitis. (Nigerian
boy aged 4). Extreme
destructive changes in
the long bones have been
caused by infection
superimposed upon
infarction. Numerous
sequestra are present.
( Courtesy of Mr. Joeffery
Walker)
16. • Fig. 41.14 Acute leukemia. Extensive
metaphyseal radiolucencies are present with
adjacent periosteal new bone formation.
17. • Fig. 41.15 Lymphatic
leukaemia.
Metaphyseal
radiolucencies are
present around the
knee. Endosteal
sclerosis is present
adjacent to these
lesions, obscuring the
corticomedullary
junction. Minor
periosteal new bone
formation is present in
the upper tibia and
fibula.
18. • Fig. 41.16 Lymphatic leukaemia. (A) Erosions of the medial side of the
proximal metaphyses of both humeri were present in this 8 year old. The
disease was in an aleukaemic phase, not an uncommon finding even when
skeletal changes are present. (B) The same child complained of back pain.
Multiple vertebral collapse is shown with the preservation of disc-space
height. Overall bone density is reduced with a simplified trabecular pattern.
19. • Fig. 41.17 Chronic
lymphatic leukaemia-
adult type. Diffuse
medullary infiltration
is shown in the
humerus and scapula
with cortical erosion.
20. • Fig. 41.18 Myeloid
metaplasia
Widespread but
patchy areas of
sclerosis are shown
throughout the
pelvis and lumbar
spine.
21. • Fig. 41.19 Coronal intermediate weighted (A) and T2 –
weighted (B) MR images of the knee in a patient with
myelofibrosis showing replacement of the normal high-
signal-intensity fatty marrow by fibrosis. This, and the
abnormal bone deposition around the trabeculae,
results in the diffuse low signal intensity from the
medullary cavity.
22. • Fig. 41.20 Myeloid
metaplasia (woman
aged 63). All the bones
are diffusely dense
with lack of distinction
between cortical and
medullary bone. The
spleen is grossly
enlarged (arrows).
23. • Fig. 41.21 Hodgkin's
disease. An
expanding,
destructive lesion
involves the body of
the sternum, with
anterior and posterior
soft-tissue masses.
Bizarre changes in this
bone should always
arouse suspicion of a
lymphoma.
24. • Fig. 41.22 Hodgkin's disease. (A) The common pattern of
endosteal sclerosis and patchy bone destruction is shown in the
vertebral body of T9 in an adult man. Similar changes are also
present at TI 1 . These features are virtually diagnostic. (B) In
another patient, an intravenous enhanced CT section of the
abdomen demonstrates a densely sclerotic lumbar vertebral body
associated with a large paravertebral soft-tissue mass. Sagittal (C)
and coronal (D) T,- weighted images show low signal intensity
within the upper lumbar vertebral body due to diffuse sclerosis
and the extent of the soft-tissue mass. This extends into the
central spinal canal and circumferentially around the thecal sac.
25. • Fig. 41.22 Hodgkin's disease. (A) The common pattern of endosteal sclerosis and patchy bone
destruction is shown in the vertebral body of T9 in an adult man. Similar changes are also present
at TI 1 . These features are virtually diagnostic. (B) In another patient, an intravenous enhanced CT
section of the abdomen demonstrates a densely sclerotic lumbar vertebral body associated with a
large paravertebral soft-tissue mass. Sagittal (C) and coronal (D) T,- weighted images show low
signal intensity within the upper lumbar vertebral body due to diffuse sclerosis and the extent of
the soft-tissue mass. This extends into the central spinal canal and circumferentially around the
thecal sac.
26. • Fig. 41.23 Hodgkin
Disease. A) Diffuse
sclerosis is present in
the bodies of L2 and
L3 in a young woman
at presentation with
the disease. (B) Two
years later, following
treatment, the
appearances have
reverted to normal.
(Lymphographic
contrast medium is
present in para-aortic
nodes.)
27. • Fig. 41.24 Hodgkin's lymphoma. T,-weighted (A) and STIR
(B) sagittal images demonstrate extensive abnormality of
the marrow of the lumbar spine. In addition, a huge mass
of lymph nodes is demonstrated anteriorly, wrapped
around the abdominal aorta and displacing the superior
mesenteric artery. An axial image (C) demonstrates not
only body and left ala involvement of the sacrum, but also
subcutaneous and spinal canal extension of the tumour.
The thecal sac is displaced to the right.
28. • Fig. 41.25 Hodgkin's
disease. A typical
anterior scalloping of
L4 is due to pressure
erosion from enlarged
lymph nodes. The
cortex is preserved, as
are the disc spaces.
29. • Fig. 41.26 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A conventional radiograph
(A) is virtually normal save for the slight suggestion of patchy ill-
defined bone destruction. Subsequent T,-weighted coronal (B) and
axial (C) MR images demonstrate not only extensive marrow
replacement but also a substantial enveloping soft-tissue mass. The
degree and extent of tumour involvement of bone was virtually
impossible to appreciate from the radiographic examinations.
30. • Fig. 41.26 Non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma. A conventional
radiograph (A) is virtually
normal save for the slight
suggestion of patchy ill-
defined bone destruction.
Subsequent T,-weighted
coronal (B) and axial (C) MR
images demonstrate not
only extensive marrow
replacement but also a
substantial enveloping soft-
tissue mass. The degree
and extent of tumour
involvement of bone was
virtually impossible to
appreciate from the
radiographic examinations.
31. • Fig. 41.27 Non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma. A purely
destructive lesion is present
in the distal femur of a
woman patient. The margins
are ill defined with cortical
destruction. Periosteal new
bone formation is present
adjacent to this destruction.
These appearances resemble
metastasis and
osteosarcoma.
32. • Fig. 41.28 Non-
Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Advanced changes
are shown in the
femoral shaft, with
dramatic resolution 11
months later following
local radiotherapy.
33. • Fig. 41.29 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Extensive patchy destruction of the cranium
was present in this adult patient with
generalised disease.
34. • Fig. 41.30 (A) CT of the pelvis in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showing
diffuse sclerosis within the right innominate bone, with ill-defined
periosteal bone formation on the inner surface. A soft-tissue mass is
evident. (B) The extent of these changes is easier to appreciate on the
axial STIR image, where additional lesions within the left innominate bone
are also evident.
35. • Fig. 41.31 (A,B) Non- Hodgkin's lymphoma. Multifocal disease was found
at presentation in an elderly patient with low back pain. In addition to a
pathological fracture of a lumbar vertebral body, ill-defined endosteal
defects are present in the femoral shaft (arrows).
36. • Fig. 41.32 Burkitt's
tumour. A large
destructive lesion in
the mandible of this
African child is typical
of this form of
lymphoma.
37. • Fig. 41.33 Mastocytosis
(man aged 34). A localised
area of endosteal sclerosis
is present in the body of Lt.
In addition, ill defined
thinning of trabeculae is
demonstrated in L2 and
patchier changes in the
upper surface of L3.
38. • Fig. 41.34 Mastocytosis. A coarse pattern of
generalised sclerosis is shown.
39. • Fig. 41.35 Plasmacytoma of sacrum. (A) An adult man
exhibits a well defined radiolucent defect involving the
left sacral ala. (B) A CT scan demonstrated the
extensive destructive nature of the tumour, seen
clearly to cross the midline. Note the marked cortical
thinning with absence of sclerosis or periosteal new
bone formation.
40. • Fig. 41.36
Plasmacytoma of
pelvis. This very
extensive lesion was
unaccompanied by
any systemic
abnormality. Bone
expansion is
associated with
coarse trabeculation,
producing a soap-
bubble appearance. It
is much more
common for the
widespread form
41. • Fig. 41.37 Plasmacytoma presenting with paraparesis.
(A) Conventional radiograph of the thoracic spine
showing vertebra plana (arrows). (B) CT demonstrating
the degree of bony destruction, associated
paravertebral mass and marked posterior extension
into the spinal canal resulting in severe cord
compression.
42. • Fig. 41.38 Plasmacytoma. (A) Conventional cervical
spine radiograph showing osteolytic destruction of C6
with pathological collapse of the vertebral body. (B)
Sagittal T 1 -weighted MR image showing the
intermediate signal- intensity lesion of C6 resulting in
focal extradural compression of the spinal cord.
43.
44. • Fig. 41.40
Myelomatosis. Diffuse
marrow involvement
has resulted in an
overall reduction in
bone density similar to
that seen in
osteoporosis. However,
the rather patchy
nature of
radiolucencies should
raise the possibility of
myeloma.
45. • destructive Fig. 41.41
Typical localised
lesions of myeloma are
demonstrated in the
upper femur of an adult
woman. The sharply
defined rounded
defects with endosteal
erosions of the cortex
are characteristic.
46. • Fig. 41.42 Histiocytosis. A purely osteolytic
lesion is present in the mandible, with well-
defined, slightly scalloped margins. The lamina
dura has been destroyed. The teeth seem to
'float in air'.
47. • Fig. 41.43 Histiocytosis. (A) Lateral skull radiograph
showing a well-defined osteolytic lesion with a
narrow zone of transition and no sclerosis in the
posterior parietal region. (B) Osteolytic lesion of the
innominate bone with ill-defined peripheral sclerosis.
(C) CT of the innominate lesion showing destruction
of the anterior cortex of the iliac wing and the ill-
defined surrounding sclerosis of this healing lesion.
48. • Fig. 41.44 Histiocytosis. Extensive involvement of a bone, here the
clavicle, is often associated with layered periosteal new bone
causing bony expansion. Ill-defined areas of resorption may be
visualised in the lesion. This was the only abnormality found in a
young girl over several years' follow-up.
49. • Fig. 41.45 Histiocytosis.
Vertebral lesions in the
thoracic spine are shown
on a lateral tomogram. The
bodies of T7 and 8 have
collapsed with a slight
increase in bone density.
Note the relative
preservation of the disc
spaces.
50. • Fig. 41.46 Histiocytosis.
A healing diaphyseal
lesion exhibits periosteal
new bone formation and
minimal sclerosis around
the margins of the
radiolucency.
51. • Fig. 41.47
Histiocytosis.
Extensive skull
involvement in a
child with the
Hand-Schuller-
Christian type of
lesion. The areas of
destruction in the
flat bones of the
skull have a map-
like configuration.
52. • Fig. 41.48 Histiocytosis:
Hand-Schuller-Christian
type. Very extensive
radiolucencies are
present both in the
metaphysis and diaphysis
of this child's femur. A
healed pathological
fracture is present.
Histiocytosis should
always be considered in
the differential diagnosis
of bizarre bone lesions.
53. • Fig. 41.49 Histiocytosis. Adult pulmonary involvement (man aged 20). (A) A
localised view from a chest radiograph demonstrates a coarse interstitial
pulmonary fibrosis. Note also a pathological fracture of the left fourth rib
due to a bony deposit. (B) A CT scan demonstrates peripheral interstitial
pulmonary fibrosis with thickened interlobular septa and irregular
honeycombing.
54. • Fig. 41.50 Histiocytosis:
Letterer-Siwe type.
Massive destructive
lesions are present
throughout the
skeleton, but affect
particularly the
metadiaphyseal areas of
the long bones. A similar
appearance could be
produced by metastases
from a neuroblastoma
or the advanced stages
of leukaemia.
55. • Fig. 41.51 Gaucher's
disease (woman aged
20). Abnormal
modelling of the
distal ends of the
femora has resulted
in a typical flask-
shaped appearance.
An osteolytic lesion
with a coarse
trabecular pattern is
present in the right
femur.
56. • Fig. 41.52 Gaucher's
disease. Infarctions in
vertebral bodies have
produced the 'bone
within a bone'
appearance throughout
the lumbar spine in this
child.
57. • Fig. 41.53 Gaucher's disease-acute bone infarction. (A) A radiograph of a 1 3-
year-old girl, with known Gaucher's disease, presenting with acute hip pain of 12
hours' duration. Slight endosteal sclerosis is shown in the inferior pubic ramus and
an area of ill-defined radiolucency in the intertrochanteric region. (B) The delayed
phase of a bone scan reveals the femoral head and neck to be markedly photon
deficient consistent with acute infarction. Abnormally increased activity is present
also at site of previous disease.
58. • Fig. 41.54 Gaucher's
disease. This
adolescent has
considerable deformity
of the femoral head
and acetabulum
secondary to episodes
of infarction. Evidence
of degenerative
arthritis is already
present.
59. • Fig. 41.55 Haemophilia.
The former epiphyses
are disproportionately
presenting a 'squared'
appearance. Hyaline
cartilage thickness at
the ankle joint is
reduced.
60. • Fig. 41.56 (A,B) Haemophilia. Typical appearances in an adult patient subject to recurrent haemarthroses since
childhood. As well as the enlarged, squared appearance of the former epiphyses, hyaline cartilage width is
reduced, and osteophytes are present due to secondary osteoarthritis. Areas of radiolucency within medullary
bone probably represent old intraosseous haemorrhages.
61. Fig. 41.57 (A,B) Haemophilia. Repeated intra-articular haemorrhages have caused
overgrowth of the epiphyses, particularly the head of the radius. The joint capsule
is distended and the synovium is amorphously dense due to the deposition of
haemosiderin from recurrent haemarthroses. A subarticular cyst is present in the
olecranon fossa, and degenerative changes, in the form of hyaline cartilage
thinning and osteophyte formation, are present.
62. • Fig. 41.58 Haemophilia. Sagittal T,-weighted
image showing loss of hyaline cartilage over the
medial compartment and very low signal
intensity synovium due to haemosiderin
deposition.
63. • Fig. 41.59 Haemophiliac
pseudotumour. A huge
destructive lesion in the
tibia, with relatively well-
defined margins, is
associated with some
periosteal reaction.
Although an initial
impression may be of a
malignant tumour, changes
of haemophilic arthropathy
can be seen in the knee and
ankle.